tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3733434439595661742023-11-08T03:26:53.995-08:00Latest CSE InfoAnonymoushttp://www.blogger.com/profile/17584789907165764161noreply@blogger.comBlogger15125tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-373343443959566174.post-48626631562192645782012-03-31T03:58:00.001-07:002012-03-31T03:58:45.958-07:00Database Management System Important Questions 3<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on"><br />
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 75.7pt; mso-element-top: 226.55pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><b><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">Q.35</span></b><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 153.9pt; mso-element-top: 226.55pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">What are the various symbols used to draw an E-R diagr am? Explain with the help of an</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 153.9pt; mso-element-top: 242.65pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">example how weak entity sets are represented in an E-R diagram.</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 660.3pt; mso-element-top: 242.65pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><b><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">(6)</span></b><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 75.7pt; mso-element-top: 277.4pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><b><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">Ans: Various symbols used to draw an E-R diagram</span></b><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 345.05pt; mso-element-top: 314.65pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><b><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">Symbol</span></b><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 440.65pt; mso-element-top: 317.1pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><b><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">Meaning</span></b><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 440.65pt; mso-element-top: 350.65pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">ENTITY TYPE</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 440.65pt; mso-element-top: 381.7pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">WEAK ENTITY TYPE</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 440.65pt; mso-element-top: 416.4pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">RELATIONSHIP TYPE</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 440.65pt; mso-element-top: 447.4pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">ATTRIBUTE</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 440.65pt; mso-element-top: 482.2pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">KEY ATTRIBUTE</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 440.65pt; mso-element-top: 513.25pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">MULTIVALUED</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 440.65pt; mso-element-top: 530.6pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">ATTRIBUTE</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 440.65pt; mso-element-top: 565.35pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">COMPOSITE ATTRIBUTE</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 440.65pt; mso-element-top: 598.9pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">DERIVED ATTRIBUTE</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 235.85pt; mso-element-top: 619.95pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">1</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 353.75pt; mso-element-top: 619.95pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">N</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 197.3pt; mso-element-top: 624.95pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 15.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">E</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 388.45pt; mso-element-top: 626.15pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 15.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">E</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 285.5pt; mso-element-top: 628.6pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">R</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 440.65pt; mso-element-top: 629.9pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">CARDINALITY RATIO 1:N</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 204.8pt; mso-element-top: 637.35pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 10.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">1</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 397.2pt; mso-element-top: 638.55pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 10.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">2</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 165.05pt; mso-element-top: 672.05pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><b><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">Weak Entity Sets -</span></b><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 284.2pt; mso-element-top: 672.05pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">An entity set that does not have a key attribute is called weak entity</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 165.05pt; mso-element-top: 689.45pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">set. A weak entity must participate in an identifying relationship type with an owner or</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 165.05pt; mso-element-top: 706.85pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">identifying entity type Entities are identified b y the combination of:</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 171.25pt; mso-element-top: 724.25pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">A partial key of th e weak entity type</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 171.25pt; mso-element-top: 740.3pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">The primary key o f the identifying entity type</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 153.9pt; mso-element-top: 766.45pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><b><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">Example:</span></b><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 153.9pt; mso-element-top: 783.75pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">Suppose that a DEPENDENT entity is identified by the dependent’s first name and</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 153.9pt; mso-element-top: 801.15pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">birhtdate,</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 213.5pt; mso-element-top: 801.15pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><i><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">and</span></i><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 235.85pt; mso-element-top: 801.15pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">the specific EMPLOYEE that the dependent is related to. DEPENDENT is</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 153.9pt; mso-element-top: 817.3pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">a weak entity type with EMPLOYEE as its identifying entity type via the identifying</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 153.9pt; mso-element-top: 834.7pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">relationship type DEPENDENT_OF</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr><td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 254.45pt; mso-element-top: 77.6pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 10.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">FNAME BDATE ADDRESS</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td></tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 350.0pt; mso-element-top: 134.7pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">EMPLOYEE</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 337.6pt; mso-element-top: 258.8pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 10.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">DEPENDENTS_OF</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 340.05pt; mso-element-top: 358.1pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">DEPENDENT</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 260.65pt; mso-element-top: 5.8in; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 10.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">Name Birth Date Relatio nship</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 75.7pt; mso-element-top: 468.55pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><b><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">Q.36</span></b><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 153.9pt; mso-element-top: 468.55pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">Define the following terms:</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 656.55pt; mso-element-top: 468.55pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><b><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">(8)</span></b><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 153.9pt; mso-element-top: 484.65pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><b><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">a)</span></b><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 166.3pt; mso-element-top: 484.65pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">Primary key.</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 268.1pt; mso-element-top: 484.65pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><b><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">b)</span></b><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 280.5pt; mso-element-top: 484.65pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">DML</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 328.95pt; mso-element-top: 484.65pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><b><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">c)</span></b><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 340.05pt; mso-element-top: 484.65pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">Multivalued attribute</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 474.1pt; mso-element-top: 484.65pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><b><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">d)</span></b><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 522.55pt; mso-element-top: 484.65pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">Relationship instance</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 75.7pt; mso-element-top: 516.9pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><b><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">Ans: Primary Key –</span></b><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 286.7pt; mso-element-top: 516.9pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">Primary key is one of the candidate keys. It should be chosen</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 187.45pt; mso-element-top: 534.3pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">such that its attribute values are never, or very rarely, changed.</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 75.7pt; mso-element-top: 551.7pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><b><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">b) Data Manipulation Language (DML)</span></b><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 438.1pt; mso-element-top: 551.7pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">– A data manipulation language is a</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 187.45pt; mso-element-top: 569.1pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">language that enables users to access or manipulate data as organized b y the</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 187.45pt; mso-element-top: 585.2pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">appropriate data model.</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 75.7pt; mso-element-top: 602.55pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><b><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">c) Multivalued Attribute</span></b><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 335.15pt; mso-element-top: 602.55pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">– Multivalued attribute may have more than one value for</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 187.45pt; mso-element-top: 619.95pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">an entity. For example, PreviousDegrees of a STUDENT.</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 75.7pt; mso-element-top: 637.35pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><b><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">d) Relationship Instance –</span></b><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 343.8pt; mso-element-top: 637.35pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">A relationship is an association among two or more</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 187.45pt; mso-element-top: 654.75pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">entities. An instance of relationship set is a set of relationships.</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 75.7pt; mso-element-top: 688.2pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><b><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">Q.37</span></b><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 153.9pt; mso-element-top: 688.2pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">Define a table in SQL called Client, which is used to store information about the</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 153.9pt; mso-element-top: 9.8in; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">clients. Define CLIENT_NO as the primary key whose first letter must start with ‘C’.</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 153.9pt; mso-element-top: 723.0pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">Also ensure that the column ‘NAME’ should not allow NULL values.</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 146.45pt; mso-element-top: 740.3pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><b><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">Column name Data type Size</span></b><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 146.45pt; mso-element-top: 756.5pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">CLIENT_NO Varchar2 6</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 146.45pt; mso-element-top: 773.85pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">NAME Varchar2 20</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 146.45pt; mso-element-top: 791.25pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">ADDRESS1 Varchar2 30</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 146.45pt; mso-element-top: 808.6pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">ADDRESS2 Varchar2 30</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 146.45pt; mso-element-top: 826.0pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">CITY Varchar2 15</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 146.45pt; mso-element-top: 842.15pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">STATE Varchar2 15</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 146.45pt; mso-element-top: 859.55pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">PINCODE Number 6</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 146.45pt; mso-element-top: 876.85pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">BAL_DUE Number 10, 2</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 650.35pt; mso-element-top: 894.25pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><b><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">(7)</span></b><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr><td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 75.7pt; mso-element-top: 72.6pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><b><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">Ans:</span></b><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td></tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 165.05pt; mso-element-top: 88.7pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">CREATE TABLE CLIENT</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 165.05pt; mso-element-top: 106.1pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">( CLIENT_NO VARCHAR2(6) PRIMARY KEY CHECK (CLIENT_NO LIKE</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 165.05pt; mso-element-top: 123.5pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">‘C%’),</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 165.05pt; mso-element-top: 140.9pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">NAME VARCHAR2(20) NOT NULL,</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 165.05pt; mso-element-top: 157.0pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">ADDRESS1 VARCHAR2(30),</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 165.05pt; mso-element-top: 174.35pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">ADDRESS2 VARCHAR2(30),</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 165.05pt; mso-element-top: 191.75pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">CITY VARCHAR2(15),</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 165.05pt; mso-element-top: 209.15pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">STATE VARCHAR2(15),</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 165.05pt; mso-element-top: 226.55pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">PINCODE NUMBER(6),</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 165.05pt; mso-element-top: 242.65pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">BAL_DUE NUMBER(10,2))</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 75.7pt; mso-element-top: 277.4pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><b><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">Q.38</span></b><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 105.5pt; mso-element-top: 277.4pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">An orchestra database consists of the following relations:</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 611.9pt; mso-element-top: 277.4pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><b><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">(3.5 x 2=7)</span></b><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 75.7pt; mso-element-top: 294.8pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">CONDUCTS (conductor, composition)</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 75.7pt; mso-element-top: 312.1pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">REQUIRES (composition, Instrument)</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 75.7pt; mso-element-top: 328.3pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">PLAYS (Player, Instrument)</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 75.7pt; mso-element-top: 345.65pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">Give the relational calculus queries for the following:</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 209.75pt; mso-element-top: 363.05pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">(i) List the compositions and the players.</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 75.7pt; mso-element-top: 380.4pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">(ii) List the compositions which require th e ‘violin’ and the ‘congo’</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 153.9pt; mso-element-top: 415.15pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><b><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">Ans: (i)</span></b><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 209.75pt; mso-element-top: 415.15pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><b><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">Tuple Calculus:</span></b><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 75.7pt; mso-element-top: 432.55pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">{r[Composition] || p[Player] | r</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 351.25pt; mso-element-top: 432.55pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">REQUIRES</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 440.65pt; mso-element-top: 432.55pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">p</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 465.45pt; mso-element-top: 432.55pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">PLAYS</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 162.6pt; mso-element-top: 451.15pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">r[Instrument] = p[ Instrument]}</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 153.9pt; mso-element-top: 468.55pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><b><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">Domain Calculus:</span></b><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 75.7pt; mso-element-top: 485.9pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">{c || p |</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 206.05pt; mso-element-top: 485.9pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">i</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 215.95pt; mso-element-top: 485.9pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">, i</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 232.1pt; mso-element-top: 485.9pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">(<c, i<="" span=""><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></c,></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 273.1pt; mso-element-top: 485.9pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">></span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p> </o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 295.4pt; mso-element-top: 485.9pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">REQUIRES</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 384.8pt; mso-element-top: 485.9pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;"><p, i<="" span=""><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></p,></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 420.75pt; mso-element-top: 485.9pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">></span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p> </o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 443.1pt; mso-element-top: 485.9pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">PLAYS</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 506.4pt; mso-element-top: 485.9pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">i</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 520.0pt; mso-element-top: 485.9pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">= i</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 544.85pt; mso-element-top: 485.9pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">)}</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 209.75pt; mso-element-top: 493.95pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 9.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">1</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 225.9pt; mso-element-top: 493.95pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 9.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">2</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 266.85pt; mso-element-top: 493.95pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 9.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">1</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 414.5pt; mso-element-top: 493.95pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 9.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">2</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 513.8pt; mso-element-top: 493.95pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 9.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">1</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 538.65pt; mso-element-top: 493.95pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 9.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">2</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 75.7pt; mso-element-top: 503.3pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><b><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">(ii) Tuple Calculus:</span></b><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 75.7pt; mso-element-top: 521.9pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">{r[Composition] | r</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 281.75pt; mso-element-top: 521.9pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">REQUIRES</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 383.5pt; mso-element-top: 521.9pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">u (u</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 420.75pt; mso-element-top: 521.9pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">REQUIRES</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 170.05pt; mso-element-top: 540.5pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">r[Composition] = u[Composition]</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 392.2pt; mso-element-top: 540.5pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">r[Instrument] = ‘violin’</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 166.3pt; mso-element-top: 557.9pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">u[Instrument] = ‘congo’)}</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 153.9pt; mso-element-top: 575.3pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><b><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">Domain Calculus:</span></b><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 75.7pt; mso-element-top: 593.9pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">{c |</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 186.2pt; mso-element-top: 593.9pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">i</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 194.85pt; mso-element-top: 593.9pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">, c</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 213.5pt; mso-element-top: 593.9pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">, i</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 230.85pt; mso-element-top: 593.9pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">(<c, i<="" span=""><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></c,></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 270.55pt; mso-element-top: 593.9pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">></span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p> </o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 292.9pt; mso-element-top: 593.9pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">REQUIRES</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 382.25pt; mso-element-top: 593.9pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;"><c< span=""><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></c<></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 405.85pt; mso-element-top: 593.9pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">, i</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 423.25pt; mso-element-top: 593.9pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">></span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p> </o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 445.55pt; mso-element-top: 593.9pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">REQUIRES</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 188.65pt; mso-element-top: 600.7pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 9.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">1</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 207.25pt; mso-element-top: 600.7pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 9.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">2</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 224.65pt; mso-element-top: 600.7pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 9.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">2</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 264.35pt; mso-element-top: 600.7pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 9.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">1</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 399.65pt; mso-element-top: 600.7pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 9.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">2</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 417.05pt; mso-element-top: 600.7pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 9.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">2</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 163.85pt; mso-element-top: 611.3pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">c</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 182.45pt; mso-element-top: 611.3pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">= c</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 224.65pt; mso-element-top: 611.3pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">i</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 242.05pt; mso-element-top: 611.3pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">= ‘ vi o li n ’</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 331.4pt; mso-element-top: 611.3pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">i</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 347.55pt; mso-element-top: 611.3pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">= ‘ co n g o ’ ) }</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 175.0pt; mso-element-top: 619.3pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 9.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">1</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 234.55pt; mso-element-top: 619.3pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 9.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">1</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 340.05pt; mso-element-top: 619.3pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 9.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">2</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 75.7pt; mso-element-top: 646.0pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><b><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">Q. 3 9</span></b><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 158.85pt; mso-element-top: 646.0pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">Perform the following with syntax and a suitable example</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 153.9pt; mso-element-top: 663.4pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><b><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">(i)</span></b><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 167.6pt; mso-element-top: 663.4pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">Create a table from ex isting table.</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 153.9pt; mso-element-top: 680.8pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><b><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">(ii)</span></b><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 171.25pt; mso-element-top: 680.8pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">Insert data in your table from another table.</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 75.7pt; mso-element-top: 714.25pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><b><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">Ans: (i)</span></b><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 204.8pt; mso-element-top: 714.25pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">Create table <table-name>as <select-statement></select-statement></table-name></span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 75.7pt; mso-element-top: 731.65pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">e.g, To create a new table ‘N_emp’ with employee names and their identification</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 153.9pt; mso-element-top: 749.05pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">numbers only from employee table, statement is to create table N_emp as select</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 153.9pt; mso-element-top: 766.45pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">empname, empid from employee</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 153.9pt; mso-element-top: 782.55pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><b><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">(ii)</span></b><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 171.25pt; mso-element-top: 782.55pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">insert into <table-name><select-statement></select-statement></table-name></span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 75.7pt; mso-element-top: 799.9pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">e.g, To insert tuples from employee into N_emp created abov e, use following</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 153.9pt; mso-element-top: 817.3pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">statement</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 75.7pt; mso-element-top: 834.7pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">Insert into N_emp select empname, empid from employee</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 75.7pt; mso-element-top: 875.6pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><b><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">Q.40</span></b><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 153.9pt; mso-element-top: 875.6pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">What is an INDEX as defined in ORACLE? Write the syntax of creating an INDEX.</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 153.9pt; mso-element-top: 893.0pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">Create an ind ex for the table Client, field CLIENT_NO of Q.</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 517.55pt; mso-element-top: 893.0pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><b><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">(2+2+3)</span></b><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr><td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 153.9pt; mso-element-top: 71.4pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><b><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">Ans: Indexes in Oracle –</span></b><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td></tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 315.25pt; mso-element-top: 71.4pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">Index is typically a listing of keywords accompanied by the</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 153.9pt; mso-element-top: 88.7pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">location of information on a subject. In oth er words, An index can be viewed as an</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 153.9pt; mso-element-top: 106.1pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">auxiliary table which contains two fields: the key and the location of the record of that</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 153.9pt; mso-element-top: 123.5pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">key. Indexes are used to improve the performan ce of the search op eration. Index es are not</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 153.9pt; mso-element-top: 140.9pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">strictly necessar y to running Oracle, they do sp eed the process.</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 153.9pt; mso-element-top: 158.25pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><b><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">Syntax of Creating an Index:</span></b><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 75.7pt; mso-element-top: 174.35pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">CREATE [BITMAP] [UNIQUE] INDEX <index_name> ON</index_name></span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 75.7pt; mso-element-top: 191.75pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;"><table_name>(<column_name1> [, <column_name2>] . . .);</column_name2></column_name1></table_name></span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 153.9pt; mso-element-top: 209.15pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><b><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">Command:</span></b><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 75.7pt; mso-element-top: 226.55pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">CREATE INDEX client_client_no ON client(client_no);</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 79.4pt; mso-element-top: 260.0pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><b><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">Q.41</span></b><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 153.9pt; mso-element-top: 260.0pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">Consider the following relational database:</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 153.9pt; mso-element-top: 277.4pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">STUDENT (name, student#, class, major)</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 75.7pt; mso-element-top: 294.8pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">COURSE (course name, course#, credit hours, department)</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 75.7pt; mso-element-top: 312.1pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">SECTION (section identifier, course#, semester, year, instructor)</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 75.7pt; mso-element-top: 328.3pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">GRADE_REPORT (student#, section identifier, grade)</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 75.7pt; mso-element-top: 345.65pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">PREREQUISITE ( course#, presequisite#)</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 75.7pt; mso-element-top: 363.05pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">Specify th e following queries in SQL on the above database schema.</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 578.4pt; mso-element-top: 363.05pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><b><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">(3.5 x 4=14)</span></b><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 153.9pt; mso-element-top: 380.4pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><b><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">(i)</span></b><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 187.45pt; mso-element-top: 380.4pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">Retrieve the names o f all students majoring in ‘C S’ (Computer Science).</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 153.9pt; mso-element-top: 397.8pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><b><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">(ii)</span></b><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 187.45pt; mso-element-top: 397.8pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">Retrieve the names o f all courses taught b y Professor King in 1998</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 153.9pt; mso-element-top: 413.95pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><b><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">(iii)</span></b><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 198.6pt; mso-element-top: 413.95pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">Delete the record for the student whose name is ‘Smith’ and whose student</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 198.6pt; mso-element-top: 431.35pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">number is 17.</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 153.9pt; mso-element-top: 448.65pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><b><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">(iv)</span></b><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 187.45pt; mso-element-top: 448.65pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">Insert a new course <’Knowledge Engineering’, ‘CS4390’, 3, ‘CS’></span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 75.7pt; mso-element-top: 480.95pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><b><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">Ans: (i)</span></b><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 209.75pt; mso-element-top: 480.95pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">SELECT NAME FROM STUDENT WHERE MAJOR = ‘CS’</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 153.9pt; mso-element-top: 498.3pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><b><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">(ii)</span></b><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 187.45pt; mso-element-top: 498.3pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">SELECT COURSE_NAME FROM COURSE C, SECTION S</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 263.1pt; mso-element-top: 514.45pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">WHERE C.COURSE# = S.COURSE#</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 280.5pt; mso-element-top: 535.55pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">AND INSTRUCTOR = ‘KING’ AND YEAR = 1998</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 369.85pt; mso-element-top: 552.9pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">OR</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 235.85pt; mso-element-top: 570.3pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">SELECT COURSE_NAME FROM COURSE</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 263.1pt; mso-element-top: 587.7pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">WHERE COURSE# IN (SELECT COURSE# FROM SECTION</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 263.1pt; mso-element-top: 607.55pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">WHERE INSTRUCTOR = ‘KING’ AND YEAR = 1998)</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 153.9pt; mso-element-top: 628.6pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><b><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">(iii)</span></b><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 176.25pt; mso-element-top: 628.6pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">DELETE FROM STUDENT WHERE NAME = ‘Smith’ AND STUDENT# = 17</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 153.9pt; mso-element-top: 646.0pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><b><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">(iv)</span></b><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 175.0pt; mso-element-top: 646.0pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">INSERT INTO COUR SE</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 235.85pt; mso-element-top: 663.4pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">VALUES(‘Knowledge Engineering’, ‘CS4390’, 3, ‘CS’)</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 75.7pt; mso-element-top: 696.9pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><b><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">Q.42</span></b><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 153.9pt; mso-element-top: 696.9pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">Explain the concept of a data model. What data models are used in</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 75.7pt; mso-element-top: 714.25pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">database man agement systems?</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 667.75pt; mso-element-top: 714.25pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><b><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">(7)</span></b><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 75.7pt; mso-element-top: 731.65pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><b><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">Ans:</span></b><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 153.9pt; mso-element-top: 749.05pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><b><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">Data Model –</span></b><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 249.5pt; mso-element-top: 749.05pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">Model is an abstraction process that hides irrelevant details while</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 153.9pt; mso-element-top: 766.45pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">highlighting details relevant to the applications at hand. Similarly, a d ata model is a</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 153.9pt; mso-element-top: 782.55pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">collection of concepts that can be used to describe structure of a database and provides the</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 153.9pt; mso-element-top: 799.9pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">necessary means to achieve this abstraction. Structure of database means the data types,</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 153.9pt; mso-element-top: 817.3pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">relationships, and constraints that should hold for the data. In general a data model</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 153.9pt; mso-element-top: 834.7pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">consists of two elements:</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 176.25pt; mso-element-top: 853.3pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">•</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 182.45pt; mso-element-top: 853.3pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">A mathematical notation for ex pressing d ata and relationships.</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 176.25pt; mso-element-top: 870.65pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">•</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 182.45pt; mso-element-top: 870.65pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">Operations on the data that serve to ex press queries and other manipulations of the</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 187.45pt; mso-element-top: 888.05pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">data.</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr><td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 75.7pt; mso-element-top: 80.05pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><b><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">Data Models used in DBMSs:</span></b><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td></tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 176.25pt; mso-element-top: 103.65pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><b><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">Hierarchical Model -</span></b><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 328.95pt; mso-element-top: 103.65pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">It was developed to model many types of hierarchical</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 176.25pt; mso-element-top: 121.05pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">organizations that exist in the real world. It uses tree structures to represent</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 176.25pt; mso-element-top: 138.35pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">relationship among r ecords. In hierarchical model, no dependent record can occur</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 176.25pt; mso-element-top: 155.75pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">without its parent record occurrence and no dependent record occurrence may be</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 176.25pt; mso-element-top: 171.9pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">connected to more than one parent record occurrence.</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 176.25pt; mso-element-top: 196.75pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><b><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">Network Model -</span></b><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 290.4pt; mso-element-top: 196.75pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">It was formalised in the late 1960s by the Database Task Group of</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 176.25pt; mso-element-top: 214.1pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">the Conference on Data System Language (DBTG/CODASYL). It uses two different</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 176.25pt; mso-element-top: 231.45pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">data structures to represent the database entities and relationships between the entities,</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 176.25pt; mso-element-top: 248.85pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">namely</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 223.45pt; mso-element-top: 248.85pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><i><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">record type</span></i><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 295.4pt; mso-element-top: 248.85pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">and</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 321.45pt; mso-element-top: 248.85pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><i><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">set type</span></i><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 366.15pt; mso-element-top: 248.85pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">. In the network model, the relationships as well as the</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 176.25pt; mso-element-top: 265.0pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">navigation through the database are predefined at database creation time.</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 187.45pt; mso-element-top: 282.4pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><b><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">Relational Model -</span></b><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 312.75pt; mso-element-top: 282.4pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">The relational model was first introduced by E.F. Codd of the</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 176.25pt; mso-element-top: 299.7pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">IBM Research in 1970. The model uses the concept of a mathematical relation (like a</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 176.25pt; mso-element-top: 317.1pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">table of values) as its basic building block, and has its theoretical basis in set theor y</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 176.25pt; mso-element-top: 334.5pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">and first-order predicate logic. The relational model represents the database as a</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 176.25pt; mso-element-top: 350.65pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">collection of</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 254.45pt; mso-element-top: 350.65pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><i><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">relations</span></i><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 307.8pt; mso-element-top: 350.65pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">.</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 176.25pt; mso-element-top: 368.0pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><b><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">Object Oriented Model –</span></b><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 338.8pt; mso-element-top: 368.0pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">This model is based on the object-oriented programming</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 176.25pt; mso-element-top: 385.35pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">language paradigm. It includes the features of OOP like inheritance, object-identity,</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 187.45pt; mso-element-top: 402.75pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">encapsulation, etc. It also supports a rich type system, including structured and</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 187.45pt; mso-element-top: 420.15pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">collection types.</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 187.45pt; mso-element-top: 440.0pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><b><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">Object Relational Model –</span></b><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 361.2pt; mso-element-top: 440.0pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">This model combines the features of both relational</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 187.45pt; mso-element-top: 457.4pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">model and object oriented model. It extends the traditional relational model with a</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 187.45pt; mso-element-top: 474.75pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">variety of features such as structured and collectio n types.</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 75.7pt; mso-element-top: 509.5pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><b><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">Q.43</span></b><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 105.5pt; mso-element-top: 509.5pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">Briefly explain the differences between a stand alone query language,</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 75.7pt; mso-element-top: 525.65pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">embedded query language and a data manipulation language.</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 656.55pt; mso-element-top: 525.65pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><b><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">(7)</span></b><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 75.7pt; mso-element-top: 560.35pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><b><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">Ans: Stand alone Query Language –</span></b><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 409.6pt; mso-element-top: 560.35pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">The query language which can be used</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 153.9pt; mso-element-top: 577.75pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">interactively is called stand alone query language. It does not need the su pport of a host</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 153.9pt; mso-element-top: 595.15pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">language.</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 153.9pt; mso-element-top: 611.3pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><b><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">Embedded Query Language –</span></b><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 343.8pt; mso-element-top: 611.3pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">A query language (e.g., SQL) can be implemented in two</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 153.9pt; mso-element-top: 628.6pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">ways. It can be used interactively or embedded in a host language. The use of query</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 153.9pt; mso-element-top: 646.0pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">language commands within a host language (e.g., C, Java, etc.) program is called</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 153.9pt; mso-element-top: 663.4pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">embedded query language. Although similar capabilities are supported for a variety of</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 153.9pt; mso-element-top: 680.8pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">host languages, the syntax sometimes varies.</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 120.4pt; mso-element-top: 696.9pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><b><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">Data Manipulation Language (DML) –</span></b><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 409.6pt; mso-element-top: 696.9pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">A data manipulation language is a language</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 153.9pt; mso-element-top: 714.25pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">that enables users to access or manipulate data as organized by the appropriate data</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 153.9pt; mso-element-top: 731.65pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">model.</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 75.7pt; mso-element-top: 766.45pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><b><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">Q.44</span></b><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 105.5pt; mso-element-top: 766.45pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">Consider the following relations for a database that keeps track of business trips of</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 153.9pt; mso-element-top: 782.55pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">salespersons in a sales office:</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 75.7pt; mso-element-top: 799.9pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">SALESPERSON (SSN, Name, start_year, Dept_no)</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 75.7pt; mso-element-top: 817.3pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">TRIP (SSN, From_ city, To_city, Departur e_Date, Return_Date, Trip_ ID)</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 75.7pt; mso-element-top: 834.7pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">EXPENSE(TripID, Account#, Amount)</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 75.7pt; mso-element-top: 852.05pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">Specify th e following queries in relational algebra:</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 611.9pt; mso-element-top: 852.05pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><b><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">(4x3 =12)</span></b><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 153.9pt; mso-element-top: 868.2pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><b><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">(i)</span></b><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 187.45pt; mso-element-top: 868.2pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">Give the details (all attributes of TRIP) for trips that exceeded $2000 in expenses.</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 153.9pt; mso-element-top: 12.3in; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><b><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">(ii)</span></b><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 187.45pt; mso-element-top: 12.3in; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">Print the SSN of salesman who took trips to ‘Honolulu’</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr><td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 153.9pt; mso-element-top: 71.4pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><b><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">(iii)</span></b><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td></tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 187.45pt; mso-element-top: 71.4pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">Print the trip expenses incurred by the salesman with SSN= ‘234-56-7890’.Note</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 198.6pt; mso-element-top: 88.7pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">that the salesman may have gone on more than one trip. List them individually</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 75.7pt; mso-element-top: 139.65pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><b><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">Ans: (i)</span></b><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 208.5pt; mso-element-top: 139.65pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">p</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 250.7pt; mso-element-top: 139.65pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">(</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 255.7pt; mso-element-top: 139.65pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">s</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 328.95pt; mso-element-top: 139.65pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">(TRIP EXPENSE))</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 214.7pt; mso-element-top: 146.45pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 9.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">TRIP.*</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 266.85pt; mso-element-top: 146.45pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 9.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">amount > 2000</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 75.7pt; mso-element-top: 157.0pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><b><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">(ii)</span></b><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 187.45pt; mso-element-top: 157.0pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">p</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 218.45pt; mso-element-top: 157.0pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">(</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 223.45pt; mso-element-top: 157.0pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">s</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 317.75pt; mso-element-top: 157.0pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">(TRIP))</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 193.65pt; mso-element-top: 165.05pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 9.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">SSN</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 234.55pt; mso-element-top: 165.05pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 9.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">to_city = ‘Honolulu’</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 153.9pt; mso-element-top: 175.6pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><b><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">(iii)</span></b><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 305.35pt; mso-element-top: 175.6pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">s</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 404.65pt; mso-element-top: 175.6pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">(TRIP EXPENSE))</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 193.65pt; mso-element-top: 183.7pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 9.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">EXPENSE.tripid, amount</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 316.5pt; mso-element-top: 183.7pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 9.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">SSN = ‘234-56-7890’</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 75.7pt; mso-element-top: 210.4pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><b><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">Q.45</span></b><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 153.9pt; mso-element-top: 210.4pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">What is the difference between a key and a superkey?</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 474.1pt; mso-element-top: 210.4pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><b><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">(2)</span></b><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 75.7pt; mso-element-top: 243.85pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><b><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">Ans: Key –</span></b><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 225.9pt; mso-element-top: 243.85pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">A key a single attribute or a combin ation of two or more attributes of an</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 153.9pt; mso-element-top: 261.25pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">entity set that is used to identify one or more instances (rows) of the set (table). It is a</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 153.9pt; mso-element-top: 278.65pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">minimal combination of attributes.</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 75.7pt; mso-element-top: 296.05pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><b><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">Super Key –</span></b><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 232.1pt; mso-element-top: 296.05pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">A super key is a set of one or more attributes that, taken collectively, allows</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 153.9pt; mso-element-top: 312.1pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">us to identify uniquely a tuple in the relation.</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 75.7pt; mso-element-top: 346.9pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><b><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">Q.46</span></b><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 153.9pt; mso-element-top: 346.9pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">Why are cursors necessary in embedded SQL?</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 645.45pt; mso-element-top: 346.9pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><b><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">(2)</span></b><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 75.7pt; mso-element-top: 381.7pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><b><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">Ans:</span></b><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 187.45pt; mso-element-top: 381.7pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">A cursor is an object used to store the output of a query for row-by-row</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 153.9pt; mso-element-top: 397.8pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">processing by the application programs. SQL statements operate on a set of data and</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 153.9pt; mso-element-top: 415.15pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">return a set of data. On o ther hand, host language programs operate on a ro w at a time.</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 153.9pt; mso-element-top: 432.55pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">The cursors are used to navigate through a set of rows returned by an embedded SQL</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 153.9pt; mso-element-top: 449.95pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">SELECT statement. A cursor can be compared to a pointer.</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 75.7pt; mso-element-top: 483.45pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><b><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">Q.47</span></b><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 153.9pt; mso-element-top: 483.45pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">Write a program in embedded SQL to retrieve the total trip expenses of the salesman</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 153.9pt; mso-element-top: 500.8pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">named ‘John’ for the relations of Q. 44</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 667.75pt; mso-element-top: 500.8pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><b><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">(6)</span></b><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 75.7pt; mso-element-top: 535.55pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><b><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">Ans:</span></b><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 75.7pt; mso-element-top: 552.9pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">EXEC SQL BEGIN DECLARE SECTION;</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 75.7pt; mso-element-top: 569.1pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">long total_ex penses;</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 75.7pt; mso-element-top: 586.45pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">EXEC SQL END DECLARE SECTION;</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 75.7pt; mso-element-top: 603.8pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">EXEC SQL</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 75.7pt; mso-element-top: 621.2pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">SELECT SUM(AMOUNT) INTO :total_expenses FROM EXPENSE WHERE TRIPID</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 153.9pt; mso-element-top: 638.55pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">IN (SELECT TRIP_ ID FROM TRIP</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 75.7pt; mso-element-top: 654.75pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">WHERE SSN = (SELECT SSN FROM SALEPERSON WHER E NAME = ‘John’));</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 153.9pt; mso-element-top: 672.05pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">printf(“\nThe total trip expenses of the salesman John is: %ld”, total_expenses);</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 75.7pt; mso-element-top: 706.85pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><b><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">Q.48</span></b><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 153.9pt; mso-element-top: 706.85pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">What are views? Explain how views are different from tables.</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 667.75pt; mso-element-top: 706.85pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><b><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">(6)</span></b><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 75.7pt; mso-element-top: 10.3in; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><b><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">Ans:</span></b><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 75.7pt; mso-element-top: 757.7pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">A view in SQL terminology is a single table that is derived from other tables. These other</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 153.9pt; mso-element-top: 775.1pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">tables could be base tables or previously defined views. A view does not necessarily exist</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 153.9pt; mso-element-top: 792.5pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">in physical form; it is co nsidered a virtual table, in contrast to base tables, whose tuples</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 153.9pt; mso-element-top: 809.9pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">are actually stored in the database. This limits the possible update operations that can be</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 153.9pt; mso-element-top: 826.0pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">applied to views, but it does not provide any limitations on querying a view. A view</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 153.9pt; mso-element-top: 843.35pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">represents a different perspective of a base relation(s). The definition of a view in a create</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 153.9pt; mso-element-top: 860.75pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">view statement is stored in the system catalog. Any attribute in the view can be updated as</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 153.9pt; mso-element-top: 878.15pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">long as the attribute is simple and not derived from a computation involving two or more</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr><td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 75.7pt; mso-element-top: 71.4pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">base relation attribute. View that involve a join may or may not b e updatable. Such views</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td></tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 153.9pt; mso-element-top: 88.7pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">are not updatable if they do not include the primar y keys o f the base relations.</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 75.7pt; mso-element-top: 140.9pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><b><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">Q.49</span></b><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 153.9pt; mso-element-top: 140.9pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">What do you mean b y integrity constraints? Explain the two constraints, check and</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 153.9pt; mso-element-top: 157.0pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">foreign key in SQL with an example for each. Give the syntax.</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 667.75pt; mso-element-top: 157.0pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><b><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">(8)</span></b><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 153.9pt; mso-element-top: 191.75pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><b><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">Ans:Integrity Constraints –</span></b><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 328.95pt; mso-element-top: 191.75pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">An</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 351.25pt; mso-element-top: 191.75pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><i><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">integrity constraint</span></i><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 469.15pt; mso-element-top: 191.75pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">is a condition specified on a database</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 153.9pt; mso-element-top: 209.15pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">schema and restricts the data that can be stored in an instance o f th e database. If a</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 153.9pt; mso-element-top: 226.55pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">database instance satisfies all the integrity constraints specified on the database schema, it</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 153.9pt; mso-element-top: 242.65pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">is a legal instance. A DBMS enforces integrity constraints, in that it permits only legal</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 153.9pt; mso-element-top: 260.0pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">instances to be stored in the database.</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 153.9pt; mso-element-top: 277.4pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><b><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">CHECK constraint –</span></b><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 291.7pt; mso-element-top: 277.4pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">CHECK constraint specifies an expression that must always be</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 153.9pt; mso-element-top: 294.8pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">true for ev ery row in the table. It can’t ref er to values in other rows.</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 153.9pt; mso-element-top: 312.1pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><b><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">Syntax:</span></b><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 153.9pt; mso-element-top: 328.3pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">ALTER TABLE <table_name></table_name></span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 153.9pt; mso-element-top: 345.65pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">ADD CONSTRAINT <constraint_name> CHEC K(<expression>);</expression></constraint_name></span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 153.9pt; mso-element-top: 363.05pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">FOREIGN KEY constraint – A foreign key is a combination of columns with values</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 153.9pt; mso-element-top: 380.4pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">based on the primary key values from another table. A foreign key constraint, also known</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 153.9pt; mso-element-top: 397.8pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">as refer ential integrity constraint, specifies that the values of the foreign key correspond</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 153.9pt; mso-element-top: 413.95pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">to actual values of the primary or unique key in other table. One can refer to a primary or</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 153.9pt; mso-element-top: 431.35pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">unique key in the same table also.</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 153.9pt; mso-element-top: 448.65pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><b><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">Syntax:</span></b><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 153.9pt; mso-element-top: 466.05pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">ALTER TABLE <table_name></table_name></span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 198.6pt; mso-element-top: 483.45pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">ADD CONSTRAINT <constraint_name> FOREIGN KEY(<column_name(s)>)</column_name(s)></constraint_name></span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 198.6pt; mso-element-top: 499.6pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">REFERENCES <base_table>(<column_name>) ON {DELETE | UPDATE}</column_name></base_table></span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 198.6pt; mso-element-top: 516.9pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">CASCADE;</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 75.7pt; mso-element-top: 549.25pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><b><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">Q.50</span></b><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 105.5pt; mso-element-top: 549.25pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">Define the following constraints for the table client of Q.37</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 611.9pt; mso-element-top: 549.25pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><b><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">(6)</span></b><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 150.2pt; mso-element-top: 570.3pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">(i) BAL_DUE must be at least 1000.</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 150.2pt; mso-element-top: 587.7pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">(ii) NAME is a unique key.</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 120.4pt; mso-element-top: 618.75pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><b><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">Ans: (i)</span></b><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 201.05pt; mso-element-top: 618.75pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">ALTER TABLE CLIENT</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 187.45pt; mso-element-top: 636.1pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">ADD CONSTRAINT C LIENT_BAL_DUE_C1 CHECK(BAL_DUE < 1000);</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 75.7pt; mso-element-top: 653.45pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><b><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">(ii)</span></b><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 187.45pt; mso-element-top: 653.45pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">ALTER TABLE CLIENT</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 75.7pt; mso-element-top: 670.85pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">ADD CONSTRAINT C LIENT_NAME_U UNIQUE(NAME);</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 75.7pt; mso-element-top: 704.4pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><b><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">Q.51</span></b><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 153.9pt; mso-element-top: 704.4pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">What are the different types of database end users? Discuss the main activities of each.</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 667.75pt; mso-element-top: 721.7pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><b><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">(7)</span></b><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 75.7pt; mso-element-top: 750.3pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><b><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">Ans:</span></b><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 146.45pt; mso-element-top: 767.65pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><b><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">End-Users –</span></b><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 228.35pt; mso-element-top: 767.65pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">End-users are the people whose jobs require access to the database for</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 146.45pt; mso-element-top: 785.05pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">querying, updatin g, and generatin g reports; the database primarily exists for their use. The</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 146.45pt; mso-element-top: 802.4pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">different types of end-users are:</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 168.8pt; mso-element-top: 818.55pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><b><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">Casual end-users –</span></b><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 291.7pt; mso-element-top: 818.55pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">occasionally access the database, need different information each</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 168.8pt; mso-element-top: 835.95pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">time</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 168.8pt; mso-element-top: 853.3pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><b><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">Naive or Parametric end-users –</span></b><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 387.25pt; mso-element-top: 853.3pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">includes tellers, clerks, etc., make u p a sizable</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 168.8pt; mso-element-top: 870.65pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">portion of database end-users, main job function revolves around constantly querying</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 168.8pt; mso-element-top: 888.05pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">and updating the database</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr><td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 168.8pt; mso-element-top: 71.4pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><b><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">Sophisticated end-users –</span></b><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td></tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 331.4pt; mso-element-top: 71.4pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">includes engineers, scientists, business analyst, etc., use for</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 168.8pt; mso-element-top: 88.7pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">their complex requirements</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 168.8pt; mso-element-top: 106.1pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><b><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">Stand-alone users –</span></b><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 302.8pt; mso-element-top: 106.1pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">maintain personal databases by using ready-made program</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 168.8pt; mso-element-top: 123.5pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">packages, provide easy-to-use menu-based or gr aphics-based inter faces</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 75.7pt; mso-element-top: 157.0pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><b><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">Q.52</span></b><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 153.9pt; mso-element-top: 157.0pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">Discuss the typical user friendly interfaces and the types of users who use each.</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 656.55pt; mso-element-top: 157.0pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><b><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">(7)</span></b><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 75.7pt; mso-element-top: 191.75pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><b><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">Ans:</span></b><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 142.75pt; mso-element-top: 209.15pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><b><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">User-f riendly interfaces provided by a DBMS may include the following:</span></b><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 142.75pt; mso-element-top: 227.75pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">•</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 165.05pt; mso-element-top: 227.75pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><b><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">Menu-Based Interfaces f or Web Clients or Browsing –</span></b><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 517.55pt; mso-element-top: 227.75pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">These interfaces present the</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 165.05pt; mso-element-top: 243.85pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">user with lists of options, called menus, that lead the user through the formulation of a</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 165.05pt; mso-element-top: 261.25pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">request. Pull-down menus are a very popular techniques in Web-based user interfaces.</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 165.05pt; mso-element-top: 278.65pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">They are also used in browsing interfaces, which allow a user to look through the</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 165.05pt; mso-element-top: 296.05pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">contents of a database in an exploratory and unstr uctured manner.</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 142.75pt; mso-element-top: 313.4pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">•</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 165.05pt; mso-element-top: 313.4pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><b><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">Forms-Based Interfaces –</span></b><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 335.15pt; mso-element-top: 313.4pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">A forms-based interface displays a form to each user.</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 165.05pt; mso-element-top: 330.75pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">Forms are usually designed and programmed for naive users and interfaces to canned</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 165.05pt; mso-element-top: 348.15pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">transactions. Many DBMSs have forms specification languages.</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 142.75pt; mso-element-top: 366.75pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">•</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 165.05pt; mso-element-top: 366.75pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><b><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">Graphical User Interfaces (GUIs) –</span></b><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 391.0pt; mso-element-top: 366.75pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">A GUI typically displays a schema to the user in</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 165.05pt; mso-element-top: 382.9pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">diagrammatic form. The user can then specify a query by manipulating the diagram. In</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 165.05pt; mso-element-top: 400.3pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">many cases, GUIs utilizes both menus and forms. Most GUIs use a pointing device to</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 165.05pt; mso-element-top: 5.8in; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">pick certain parts of the displayed schema diagram.</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 142.75pt; mso-element-top: 436.25pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">•</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 165.05pt; mso-element-top: 436.25pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><b><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">Natural Language Interfaces –</span></b><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 362.4pt; mso-element-top: 436.25pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">These interfaces accept requests written in English or</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 165.05pt; mso-element-top: 452.4pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">some other langu age and attempt to “understand” them. A natural language interface</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 165.05pt; mso-element-top: 469.8pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">usually has its own “schema,” which is similar to the database conceptual schema, as</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 165.05pt; mso-element-top: 487.2pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">well as a dictionary of important words.</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 142.75pt; mso-element-top: 505.8pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">•</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 165.05pt; mso-element-top: 505.8pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><b><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">Interfaces for Parametric Users –</span></b><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 379.8pt; mso-element-top: 505.8pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">Parametric users, such as bank tellers, often have a</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 165.05pt; mso-element-top: 523.1pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">small set of operations that they must perform rep eatedly. The interfaces for these users</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 165.05pt; mso-element-top: 539.3pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">usually have a small set of abbreviated commands with the goal of minimizing the</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 165.05pt; mso-element-top: 556.65pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">number of keystrok es required for each request.</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 142.75pt; mso-element-top: 575.3pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">•</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 165.05pt; mso-element-top: 575.3pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><b><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">Interfaces for the DBA –</span></b><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 321.45pt; mso-element-top: 575.3pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">Most database systems contain privileged commands that can</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 165.05pt; mso-element-top: 592.7pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">be used only b y the DBA’s staff. These include commands for creating accounts, setting</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 165.05pt; mso-element-top: 608.75pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">system parameters, granting account authorization, changing a schema, and a</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 165.05pt; mso-element-top: 626.15pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">reorganizing th e storage structures of a database.</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 75.7pt; mso-element-top: 654.75pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><b><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">Q.53</span></b><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 105.5pt; mso-element-top: 654.75pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">With the help of an example show how records can be deleted and updated in QBE.</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 656.55pt; mso-element-top: 654.75pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><b><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">(5)</span></b><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 75.7pt; mso-element-top: 672.05pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><b><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">(i)</span></b><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 187.45pt; mso-element-top: 672.05pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">In crease Pay_Rate o f employees with the skill of ‘cook’ by 10%.</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 75.7pt; mso-element-top: 689.45pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><b><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">(ii)</span></b><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 187.45pt; mso-element-top: 689.45pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">Delete employee record for EMP# 123459</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 153.9pt; mso-element-top: 723.0pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">Ans: (i)</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 177.45pt; mso-element-top: 10.3in; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><b><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">EMPLOYEE Emp# Name Skill Pay_Rate</span></b><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 302.8pt; mso-element-top: 760.25pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">EX</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 391.0pt; mso-element-top: 760.25pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">Cook PX</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 213.5pt; mso-element-top: 777.55pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">U.</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 302.8pt; mso-element-top: 777.55pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">EX</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 512.6pt; mso-element-top: 777.55pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">PX * 1.1</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 120.4pt; mso-element-top: 811.1pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><b><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">(ii)</span></b><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 177.45pt; mso-element-top: 828.5pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><b><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">EMPLOYEE Emp# Name Skill Pay_Rate</span></b><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 213.5pt; mso-element-top: 847.1pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">D. 123459</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
</tbody></table></div></div>Anonymoushttp://www.blogger.com/profile/17584789907165764161noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-373343443959566174.post-17840395117914439072012-03-31T03:44:00.000-07:002012-03-31T03:44:05.941-07:00Database Management System Important Questions 2<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on"><br />
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 75.7pt; mso-element-top: 72.6pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><b><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;"></span></b></div><div><b> </b><br />
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 304.1pt; mso-element-top: 85.05pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><b><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 20.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">DESCRIPTIVES</span></b><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 75.7pt; mso-element-top: 72.6pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><b><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">Q.15</span></b><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 153.9pt; mso-element-top: 72.6pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">Explain (a) Heap file (b) Sorted file. Also discuss their advantages and disadvantages.</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 75.7pt; mso-element-top: 123.5pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><b><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">Ans:</span></b><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 209.75pt; mso-element-top: 123.5pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">Heap File is an unordered set of records, stored on a set of pages. This class</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 153.9pt; mso-element-top: 149.55pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">provides basic support for inserting, selecting, updating, and deleting records. Temporar y</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 153.9pt; mso-element-top: 174.35pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">heap files are used for external sorting and in other relational operators. A sequential scan</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 153.9pt; mso-element-top: 200.4pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">of a heap file (via the Scan class) is the most basic access method.</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 75.7pt; mso-element-top: 226.55pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><b><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">Sorted file</span></b><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 223.45pt; mso-element-top: 226.55pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">The</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 249.5pt; mso-element-top: 226.55pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><i><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">sort</span></i><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 273.1pt; mso-element-top: 226.55pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">utility shall perform one of the following functions:</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 142.75pt; mso-element-top: 251.35pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><b><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">1.</span></b><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 153.9pt; mso-element-top: 251.35pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">Sort lines of all the named files togeth er and write the result to the specified output.</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 142.75pt; mso-element-top: 277.4pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><b><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">2.</span></b><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 153.9pt; mso-element-top: 277.4pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">Merge lines of all the named (presorted) files together and write the result to the specified</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 165.05pt; mso-element-top: 303.45pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">output.</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 142.75pt; mso-element-top: 329.5pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><b><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">3.</span></b><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 153.9pt; mso-element-top: 329.5pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">Check that a single input file is correctly presorted.</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 75.7pt; mso-element-top: 354.35pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">Comparisons shall be based on one or more sort keys extracted f rom each line of input</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 153.9pt; mso-element-top: 380.4pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">(or, if no sort keys are specified, the entire line up to, but not including, the terminating</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 153.9pt; mso-element-top: 406.5pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;"><newline>), and shall be performed using the collating sequence of the current locale</newline></span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 661.5pt; mso-element-top: 406.5pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><b><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">.</span></b><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 75.7pt; mso-element-top: 446.2pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><b><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">Q.16</span></b><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 105.5pt; mso-element-top: 446.2pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">Describe a method for direct search? Explain how data is stored in a file so that direct</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 153.9pt; mso-element-top: 472.25pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">searchin g can be p erformed.</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 75.7pt; mso-element-top: 530.6pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><b><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">Ans:</span></b><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 209.75pt; mso-element-top: 530.6pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">For a file of unordered fixed length records using unspanned blocks and</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 153.9pt; mso-element-top: 556.65pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">contiguous allocation, it is straight forward to access any record by its position in the file.</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 153.9pt; mso-element-top: 582.7pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">If the file records are numbered 0,1,2,---,r-1 and the records in each block are numbered</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 153.9pt; mso-element-top: 608.75pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">0,1,---bf r-1; where bfr is the blocking factor, then ith record of the file is located in block</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 328.95pt; mso-element-top: 633.0pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 9.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">th</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 153.9pt; mso-element-top: 8.8in; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">[(i/bfr)] and is the (I mod bfr)</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 337.6pt; mso-element-top: 8.8in; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">record in that block. Such a file is often called a relative or</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 153.9pt; mso-element-top: 659.65pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">direct file because records can easily be accessed directly b y their relative positions.</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 153.9pt; mso-element-top: 685.75pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">Accessing a record based on a search condition; however, it facilitates the construction of</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 153.9pt; mso-element-top: 710.6pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">access paths on the file, such as the index es.</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 75.7pt; mso-element-top: 777.55pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><b><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">Q1 7</span></b><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 109.2pt; mso-element-top: 777.55pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">Explain the integrity constraints: Not Null, Unique, Primary Key with an example each.</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 153.9pt; mso-element-top: 794.95pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">Is the combination ‘Not Null, Primary Key’ a valid combination. Justify.</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 661.5pt; mso-element-top: 794.95pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><b><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">(7)</span></b><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 75.7pt; mso-element-top: 829.75pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><b><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">Ans: Not Null –</span></b><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 251.95pt; mso-element-top: 829.75pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">Should contain valid values and cannot be NULL.</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 153.9pt; mso-element-top: 847.1pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><b><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">Unique –</span></b><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 213.5pt; mso-element-top: 847.1pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">An attribute or a combination of two or more attributes must have a unique</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 153.9pt; mso-element-top: 863.2pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">value in each row. The unique key can have NULL values.</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr><td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 153.9pt; mso-element-top: 55.25pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><b><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">Primary Key –</span></b><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td></tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 248.25pt; mso-element-top: 55.25pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">It is same as unique key but cannot have NULL values. A table can have</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 153.9pt; mso-element-top: 80.05pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">at most one primary key in it.</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 75.7pt; mso-element-top: 106.1pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">For ex ample:</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 75.7pt; mso-element-top: 139.65pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><b><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">STUDENT</span></b><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 472.9pt; mso-element-top: 171.9pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><b><i><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">Mobile</span></i></b><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 172.5pt; mso-element-top: 174.35pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><b><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">Roll No Name</span></b><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 383.5pt; mso-element-top: 174.35pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><b><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">City</span></b><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 189.9pt; mso-element-top: 193.0pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">17 Ankit Vats Delhi 9891663808</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 189.9pt; mso-element-top: 211.6pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">16 Vivek Rajput Meerut 9891468487</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 193.65pt; mso-element-top: 229.0pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">6 Vanita Punjab NULL</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 189.9pt; mso-element-top: 246.4pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">75 Bhavya Delhi 9810618396</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 171.25pt; mso-element-top: 265.0pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">Roll No is a primary key.</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 171.25pt; mso-element-top: 289.8pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">Name is defined with NOT NULL, means each student must have a name.</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 171.25pt; mso-element-top: 315.85pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">Mobile is unique</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 287.95pt; mso-element-top: 315.85pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><b><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">.</span></b><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 153.9pt; mso-element-top: 341.9pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">‘</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 158.85pt; mso-element-top: 341.9pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><i><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">Not Null, Primary Key</span></i><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 296.6pt; mso-element-top: 341.9pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">’ is a valid combination. Primary key constraint alread y includes</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 153.9pt; mso-element-top: 366.75pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">‘Not Null’ constraint in it but we can also add ‘Not Null’ constraint with it. The use of</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 153.9pt; mso-element-top: 392.8pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">‘Not Null’ with ‘Primary Key’ will not have any effect. It is same as if we are using just</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 153.9pt; mso-element-top: 418.9pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">‘Primary Key’.</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 75.7pt; mso-element-top: 443.75pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><b><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">Q.18</span></b><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 105.5pt; mso-element-top: 443.75pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">Explain the followings :</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 153.9pt; mso-element-top: 461.05pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><b><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">(i)</span></b><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 167.6pt; mso-element-top: 461.05pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">Nested Queries.</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 153.9pt; mso-element-top: 478.45pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><b><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">(ii)</span></b><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 171.25pt; mso-element-top: 478.45pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">Cursors in SQL.</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 153.9pt; mso-element-top: 495.85pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><b><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">(iii)</span></b><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 176.25pt; mso-element-top: 495.85pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">RDBMS.</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 75.7pt; mso-element-top: 513.25pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><b><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">(iv)</span></b><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 175.0pt; mso-element-top: 513.25pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">View</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 153.9pt; mso-element-top: 529.35pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><b><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">(v)</span></b><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 171.25pt; mso-element-top: 529.35pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">Application Programming Interface</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 656.55pt; mso-element-top: 529.35pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><b><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">(14)</span></b><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 75.7pt; mso-element-top: 564.1pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><b><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">Ans: (i) Nested Queries –</span></b><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 328.95pt; mso-element-top: 564.1pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">A SELECT query can have subquer y(s) in it. When a</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 153.9pt; mso-element-top: 581.5pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">SELECT query having another SELECT query in it, is called as nested query. Some</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 153.9pt; mso-element-top: 598.9pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">operations cannot be performed with single SELECT command or with join operation.</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 153.9pt; mso-element-top: 615.0pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">There are some operations which can be performed with the help of nested queries (also</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 153.9pt; mso-element-top: 632.35pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">referred to as subqueries). For example, we want to compute the second highest salary:</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 75.7pt; mso-element-top: 649.75pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">SELECT MAX(SAL) FROM EMP WHERE SAL < (SELECT MAX(SAL) FROM EMP)</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 75.7pt; mso-element-top: 667.15pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">Some operations can be performed both by Join and subqueries. The Join operation is</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 153.9pt; mso-element-top: 684.45pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">costlier in terms of time and space. Therefore, the solution based on subqueries is</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 153.9pt; mso-element-top: 700.65pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">preferred.</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 75.7pt; mso-element-top: 718.0pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><b><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">(ii) Cursors in SQL</span></b><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 291.7pt; mso-element-top: 718.0pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">– An object used to store the output of a query for row-by-row</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 153.9pt; mso-element-top: 735.4pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">processing by the application programs. Cursors are constructs that enable the user to</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 153.9pt; mso-element-top: 752.75pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">name a private memory area to hold a specific statement for access at a later time.</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 153.9pt; mso-element-top: 770.1pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">Cursors are used to process multi-row result sets one row at a time. Additionally, cursors</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 153.9pt; mso-element-top: 786.3pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">keep track of which row is currently being accessed, which allows for interactive</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 153.9pt; mso-element-top: 803.65pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">processing of the active set.</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 75.7pt; mso-element-top: 821.0pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><b><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">(iii) RDBMS –</span></b><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 253.15pt; mso-element-top: 821.0pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">RDBMS is a database management system (DBMS) that stores data in</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 153.9pt; mso-element-top: 838.4pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">the form of relations. R elational databases are powerful because they require f ew</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 153.9pt; mso-element-top: 855.8pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">assumptions about how data is related o r how it will be extracted f rom the database. As a</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 153.9pt; mso-element-top: 871.95pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">result, the same database can be viewed in many different ways. An important feature of</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr><td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 153.9pt; mso-element-top: 55.25pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">relational system is that a single database can be spread across several tables. This differs</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td></tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 153.9pt; mso-element-top: 71.4pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">from flat-file databases, in which each database is self-contained in a single table.</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 75.7pt; mso-element-top: 88.7pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><b><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">(iv) View –</span></b><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 233.3pt; mso-element-top: 88.7pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">A view is a relation (virtual rather than base) and can be used in query</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 153.9pt; mso-element-top: 106.1pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">expressions, that is, queries can be written using the view as a relation. In other words, a</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 153.9pt; mso-element-top: 123.5pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">view is a named table that is represented, not b y its own physically separate stored data,</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 153.9pt; mso-element-top: 140.9pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">but by its definition in terms of other named tables (base tables or views). The base</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 153.9pt; mso-element-top: 157.0pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">relations on which a view is based are sometimes called the existing relations. The</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 153.9pt; mso-element-top: 174.35pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">definition of a view in a create view statement is stored in the system catalog. The syntax</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 153.9pt; mso-element-top: 191.75pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">to create a view is:C REATE [ OR R EPLACE] VIEW <view_name> [( <aliases>)] AS</aliases></view_name></span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 153.9pt; mso-element-top: 209.15pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;"><query> WITH {READ ONLY|CHECK OPTION [CONSTRAINT</query></span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 153.9pt; mso-element-top: 226.55pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;"><constraint_name>]};</constraint_name></span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 75.7pt; mso-element-top: 242.65pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><b><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">(v) Application Programming Interface –</span></b><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 436.9pt; mso-element-top: 242.65pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">Commercial SQL implementations take</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 153.9pt; mso-element-top: 260.0pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">one of the two basic techniques for includin g SQL in a programming lan guage –</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 153.9pt; mso-element-top: 277.4pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">embedded SQL and ap plication program interface (API). In the application program</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 153.9pt; mso-element-top: 294.8pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">interface approach, the program communicates with the RDBMS using a set of functions</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 153.9pt; mso-element-top: 312.1pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">called the Application Program Interface ( API). The program passes the SQL statements</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 153.9pt; mso-element-top: 328.3pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">to the RDBMS usin g API calls and uses API calls to retrieve the results. In this method,</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 153.9pt; mso-element-top: 345.65pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">the precompiler is not r equired.</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 75.7pt; mso-element-top: 380.4pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><b><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">Q.19</span></b><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 153.9pt; mso-element-top: 380.4pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">Consider the following relational schema:</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 667.75pt; mso-element-top: 380.4pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><b><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">(7)</span></b><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 75.7pt; mso-element-top: 397.8pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">PERSON (SS#, NAME, ADDRESS)</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 75.7pt; mso-element-top: 413.95pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">CAR (REGISTRATION_NUMBER, YEAR , MODEL)</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 75.7pt; mso-element-top: 431.35pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">ACCIDENT (DATE, DRIVER, CAR_REG_NO)</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 75.7pt; mso-element-top: 448.65pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">OWNS (SS#, LICENSE)</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 75.7pt; mso-element-top: 466.05pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">Construct the following r elational algebra queries:</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 153.9pt; mso-element-top: 483.45pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><b><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">(i)</span></b><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 167.6pt; mso-element-top: 483.45pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">Find the names of persons who are involved in an accident.</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 75.7pt; mso-element-top: 499.6pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><b><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">(ii)</span></b><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 171.25pt; mso-element-top: 499.6pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">Find the registration number of cars which were n ot involved in any accident.</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 75.7pt; mso-element-top: 535.55pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><b><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">Ans</span></b><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 178.7pt; mso-element-top: 535.55pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">:</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 186.2pt; mso-element-top: 535.55pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><b><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">(i)</span></b><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 232.1pt; mso-element-top: 535.55pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">p</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 269.35pt; mso-element-top: 535.55pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">(PERSON)</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 340.05pt; mso-element-top: 535.55pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">n</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 355.0pt; mso-element-top: 535.55pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">p</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 399.65pt; mso-element-top: 535.55pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">(ACCIDENT)</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 238.3pt; mso-element-top: 7.55in; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 9.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">NAME</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 361.2pt; mso-element-top: 7.55in; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 9.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">DRIVER</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 187.45pt; mso-element-top: 554.15pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><b><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">(ii)</span></b><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 209.75pt; mso-element-top: 554.15pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">p</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 337.6pt; mso-element-top: 554.15pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">(CAR) –</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 392.2pt; mso-element-top: 554.15pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">p</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 465.45pt; mso-element-top: 554.15pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">(ACCIDENT)</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 215.95pt; mso-element-top: 561.0pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 9.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">REGISTRATION_NUMBER</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 75.7pt; mso-element-top: 587.7pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><b><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">Q.20</span></b><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 153.9pt; mso-element-top: 587.7pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">What is a key? Explain Candidate Key, Alternate Key and Foreign Key.</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 667.75pt; mso-element-top: 587.7pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><b><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">(7)</span></b><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 75.7pt; mso-element-top: 622.4pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><b><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">Ans:</span></b><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 153.9pt; mso-element-top: 639.8pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><b><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">Key –</span></b><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 189.9pt; mso-element-top: 639.8pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">A single attribute or a combination of two or more attributes of an entity set that is</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 153.9pt; mso-element-top: 655.95pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">used to identify one or more instances (rows) o f the set (table) is called as key.</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 153.9pt; mso-element-top: 673.35pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><b><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">Candidate Key –</span></b><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 260.65pt; mso-element-top: 673.35pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">A candidate key is a minimal superkey, which can be used to uniquely</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 153.9pt; mso-element-top: 690.7pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">identify a tuple in the relation.</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 75.7pt; mso-element-top: 708.05pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><b><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">Alternate Key –</span></b><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 254.45pt; mso-element-top: 708.05pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">All the</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 302.8pt; mso-element-top: 708.05pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><i><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">candidate keys except primary key</span></i><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 511.35pt; mso-element-top: 708.05pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">ar e called as alternate keys.</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 75.7pt; mso-element-top: 725.45pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><b><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">Foreign Key –</span></b><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 248.25pt; mso-element-top: 725.45pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">Let there are two relations (tables)</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 474.1pt; mso-element-top: 725.45pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><i><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">R</span></i><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 489.0pt; mso-element-top: 725.45pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">and</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 516.35pt; mso-element-top: 725.45pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><i><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">S</span></i><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 523.75pt; mso-element-top: 725.45pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">. An y candidate key of the</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 153.9pt; mso-element-top: 10.3in; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">relation</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 203.5pt; mso-element-top: 10.3in; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><i><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">R</span></i><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 215.95pt; mso-element-top: 10.3in; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">which is referred in the relation</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 410.85pt; mso-element-top: 10.3in; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><i><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">S</span></i><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 423.25pt; mso-element-top: 10.3in; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">is called the</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 498.95pt; mso-element-top: 10.3in; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><i><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">foreign key</span></i><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 566.0pt; mso-element-top: 10.3in; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">in the relation</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 659.05pt; mso-element-top: 10.3in; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><i><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">S</span></i><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 670.25pt; mso-element-top: 10.3in; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">and</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 153.9pt; mso-element-top: 758.95pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><i><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">referenced key</span></i><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 244.5pt; mso-element-top: 758.95pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">in the relation</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 331.4pt; mso-element-top: 758.95pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><i><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">R</span></i><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 340.05pt; mso-element-top: 758.95pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">. The relation</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 423.25pt; mso-element-top: 758.95pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><i><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">R</span></i><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 436.9pt; mso-element-top: 758.95pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">is also called as</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 533.7pt; mso-element-top: 758.95pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><i><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">parent table</span></i><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 609.4pt; mso-element-top: 758.95pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">and relation</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 683.9pt; mso-element-top: 758.95pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><i><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">S</span></i><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 153.9pt; mso-element-top: 776.35pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">is also called as</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 249.5pt; mso-element-top: 776.35pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><i><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">child table</span></i><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 314.0pt; mso-element-top: 776.35pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">.</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 75.7pt; mso-element-top: 804.9pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><b><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">Q.21</span></b><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 105.5pt; mso-element-top: 804.9pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">What is data independence? Explain the difference between ph ysical and logical data</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 153.9pt; mso-element-top: 822.3pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">independence.</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 664.05pt; mso-element-top: 822.3pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><b><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">(7)</span></b><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 75.7pt; mso-element-top: 855.8pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><b><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">Ans:</span></b><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 187.45pt; mso-element-top: 855.8pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">Data independence is the capacity to change the schema at one level of a database</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 153.9pt; mso-element-top: 873.15pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">system without having to change the schema at the next level. The three-schema</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 153.9pt; mso-element-top: 890.55pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">architecture allows the feature of d ata independence. Data independence occurs</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
</tbody></table></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" hspace="0" vspace="0"><tbody>
<tr><td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 75.7pt; mso-element-top: 71.4pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">because when the schema is changed at some level, the schema at the next level</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td></tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 153.9pt; mso-element-top: 88.7pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">remains unchanged; only the</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 337.6pt; mso-element-top: 88.7pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><i><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">mapping</span></i><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 395.9pt; mso-element-top: 88.7pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">between the two levels is changed. Types of</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 153.9pt; mso-element-top: 106.1pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">data independ ence are:</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 165.05pt; mso-element-top: 123.5pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><b><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">Physical Data Independence –</span></b><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 362.4pt; mso-element-top: 123.5pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">It is capacity to change the internal schema without</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 165.05pt; mso-element-top: 140.9pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">having to change conceptual schema. Hen ce, the external schemas need not be changed</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 165.05pt; mso-element-top: 157.0pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">as well. Changes to the internal schema may be needed because some physical files had</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 165.05pt; mso-element-top: 174.35pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">to be reorganized to improve the performance of retrieval or update. If the same data as</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 165.05pt; mso-element-top: 191.75pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">before remains in the database, the conceptual schema needs not be changed.</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 165.05pt; mso-element-top: 209.15pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><b><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">Logical Data Independence -</span></b><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 356.2pt; mso-element-top: 209.15pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">It is the capacity to change the conceptual schema</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 165.05pt; mso-element-top: 226.55pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">without having to change external schemas or application programs. The conceptual</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 165.05pt; mso-element-top: 242.65pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">schema may be changed to expand the database (by adding a record type or data item),</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 165.05pt; mso-element-top: 260.0pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">to change constraints, or to reduce the database (b y removin g a reco rd type or data</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 165.05pt; mso-element-top: 277.4pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">item). Only the view definition and the mappings need be changed in a DBMS that</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 165.05pt; mso-element-top: 294.8pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">supports logical data independence. Chan ges to constraints can be applied to the</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 165.05pt; mso-element-top: 312.1pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">conceptual sch ema without affecting the external schemas or application programs.</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 75.7pt; mso-element-top: 343.15pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><b><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">Q. 2 2</span></b><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 153.9pt; mso-element-top: 343.15pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">Write short notes on:</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 165.05pt; mso-element-top: 360.55pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><b><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">(i)</span></b><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 178.7pt; mso-element-top: 360.55pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">Weak and strong entity sets.</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 165.05pt; mso-element-top: 377.95pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><b><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">(ii)</span></b><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 182.45pt; mso-element-top: 377.95pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">Typ es of attributes.</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 165.05pt; mso-element-top: 395.3pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><b><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">(iii)</span></b><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 187.45pt; mso-element-top: 395.3pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">Oracle Instance.</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 165.05pt; mso-element-top: 412.7pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><b><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">(iv)</span></b><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 186.2pt; mso-element-top: 412.7pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">Mid square method of hashing.</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 388.45pt; mso-element-top: 412.7pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><b><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">(4 x 4 = 16 )</span></b><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 153.9pt; mso-element-top: 443.75pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><b><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">Ans: (i)</span></b><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 254.45pt; mso-element-top: 443.75pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><b><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">Weak and Strong entity sets:</span></b><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 443.1pt; mso-element-top: 443.75pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">A strong entity set has a primary key. All</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 153.9pt; mso-element-top: 461.05pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">tuples in the set are distinguishable by that key. A weak entity set has no primary key</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 153.9pt; mso-element-top: 478.45pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">unless attributes of the strong entity set on which it depends are included. Tuples in a</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 153.9pt; mso-element-top: 495.85pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">weak entity set are partitioned according to their relationship with tuples in a strong entity</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 153.9pt; mso-element-top: 513.25pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">set. Tuples within each partition are distinguishable by a discriminator, which is a set of</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 153.9pt; mso-element-top: 529.35pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">attributes. A strong entity set has a primary key. All tuples in the set are distinguishable</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 153.9pt; mso-element-top: 546.7pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">by that key. A weak entity set has no primary key unless attributes of the strong entity set</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 153.9pt; mso-element-top: 564.1pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">on which it depends are included. Tuples in a weak entity set are partitioned according to</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 153.9pt; mso-element-top: 581.5pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">their relationship with tuples in a strong entity set. Tuples within each partition are</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 153.9pt; mso-element-top: 598.9pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">distinguishable by a discriminator, which is a set of attributes.</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 75.7pt; mso-element-top: 615.0pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><b><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">(ii) T ypes of attributes:</span></b><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 301.6pt; mso-element-top: 615.0pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">An attribute's type determines the kind of values that are allowed</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 153.9pt; mso-element-top: 632.35pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">in the attribute. For example, the value</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 389.7pt; mso-element-top: 632.35pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><i><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">version 1</span></i><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 445.55pt; mso-element-top: 632.35pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">is not valid for an attribute defined as an</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 153.9pt; mso-element-top: 649.75pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">integer, but the value</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 294.15pt; mso-element-top: 649.75pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><i><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">1</span></i><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 301.6pt; mso-element-top: 649.75pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">is valid. Numeric types (such as integer or real) can also be</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 153.9pt; mso-element-top: 667.15pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">limited to a predefined r ange by th eir attribute definition.</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
</tbody></table></div><div><table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" hspace="0" vspace="0"><tbody>
<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 153.9pt; mso-element-top: 684.45pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><b><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">Choice :</span></b><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
</tbody></table></div><div><table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" hspace="0" vspace="0"><tbody>
<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 206.05pt; mso-element-top: 684.45pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">An attribute with a list of predefined values.</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
</tbody></table></div><div><table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" hspace="0" vspace="0"><tbody>
<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 153.9pt; mso-element-top: 700.65pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><b><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">ID Reference:</span></b><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
</tbody></table></div><div><table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" hspace="0" vspace="0"><tbody>
<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 243.3pt; mso-element-top: 700.65pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">An attribute with a value that is a Unique ID value from another element.</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
</tbody></table></div><div><table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" hspace="0" vspace="0"><tbody>
<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 153.9pt; mso-element-top: 718.0pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">It is typically used for element-based cross-references.</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
</tbody></table></div><div><table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" hspace="0" vspace="0"><tbody>
<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 153.9pt; mso-element-top: 735.4pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><b><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">ID References:</span></b><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
</tbody></table></div><div><table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" hspace="0" vspace="0"><tbody>
<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 251.95pt; mso-element-top: 735.4pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">An attribute with a value of one or more Unique ID values from</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
</tbody></table></div><div><table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" hspace="0" vspace="0"><tbody>
<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 153.9pt; mso-element-top: 752.75pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">another element.</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
</tbody></table></div><div><table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" hspace="0" vspace="0"><tbody>
<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 153.9pt; mso-element-top: 770.1pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><b><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">Integer:</span></b><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
</tbody></table></div><div><table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" hspace="0" vspace="0"><tbody>
<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 204.8pt; mso-element-top: 770.1pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">An attribute with a whole number value (no decimal parts). Examples of valid</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
</tbody></table></div><div><table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" hspace="0" vspace="0"><tbody>
<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 153.9pt; mso-element-top: 786.3pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">integers are 22, -22, and +322. An integer can be defined to fall within a range.</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
</tbody></table></div><div><table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" hspace="0" vspace="0"><tbody>
<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 153.9pt; mso-element-top: 803.65pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><b><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">Integers:</span></b><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
</tbody></table></div><div><table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" hspace="0" vspace="0"><tbody>
<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 209.75pt; mso-element-top: 803.65pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">An attribute with a value of one or more integers. Enter each number on a</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
</tbody></table></div><div><table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" hspace="0" vspace="0"><tbody>
<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 153.9pt; mso-element-top: 821.0pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">separate line in the Attribute Value text box.</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
</tbody></table></div><div><table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" hspace="0" vspace="0"><tbody>
<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 75.7pt; mso-element-top: 838.4pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">Real An attribute with a real number value, with or without a decimal part (the value</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
</tbody></table></div><div><table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" hspace="0" vspace="0"><tbody>
<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 153.9pt; mso-element-top: 855.8pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">can also be expressed in scientific notation). Examples of valid real numbers are 2, 22.4, -</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
</tbody></table></div><div><table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" hspace="0" vspace="0"><tbody>
<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 235.85pt; mso-element-top: 871.3pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 9.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">-1</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
</tbody></table></div><div><table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" hspace="0" vspace="0"><tbody>
<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 153.9pt; mso-element-top: 871.95pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">0.22, and 2.3e</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
</tbody></table></div><div><table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" hspace="0" vspace="0"><tbody>
<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 245.75pt; mso-element-top: 871.95pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">. A real number can be defined to fall within a range.</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
</tbody></table></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" hspace="0" vspace="0"><tbody>
<tr><td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 153.9pt; mso-element-top: 71.4pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><b><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">Reals:</span></b><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td></tr>
</tbody></table></div></div><div class="WordSection5"><div><table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" hspace="0" vspace="0"><tbody>
<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 193.65pt; mso-element-top: 71.4pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">An attribute with a value of one or more real numbers. Enter each number on a</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
</tbody></table></div><div><table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" hspace="0" vspace="0"><tbody>
<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 153.9pt; mso-element-top: 88.7pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">separate line in the Attribute Value text box.</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
</tbody></table></div><div><table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" hspace="0" vspace="0"><tbody>
<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 153.9pt; mso-element-top: 106.1pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><b><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">String:</span></b><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
</tbody></table></div><div><table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" hspace="0" vspace="0"><tbody>
<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 198.6pt; mso-element-top: 106.1pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">An attribute with a value of a series of characters (text).</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
</tbody></table></div><div><table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" hspace="0" vspace="0"><tbody>
<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 153.9pt; mso-element-top: 123.5pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><b><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">Strings:</span></b><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 203.5pt; mso-element-top: 123.5pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">An attribute with a value of one or more strings. Enter each string on a</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 153.9pt; mso-element-top: 140.9pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">separate line in the Attribute Value text box.</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 153.9pt; mso-element-top: 157.0pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><b><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">Unique ID:</span></b><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 225.9pt; mso-element-top: 157.0pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">An attribute with a value of a unique text string. An element can have only</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 153.9pt; mso-element-top: 174.35pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">one ID attribute (which can be of type Unique ID or Unique IDs). All ID values must be</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 153.9pt; mso-element-top: 191.75pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">unique in the document or book. An element with a Unique ID attribute can be the source</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 153.9pt; mso-element-top: 209.15pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">for an element-based cro ss-reference.</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 75.7pt; mso-element-top: 226.55pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><b><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">Unique IDs:</span></b><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 233.3pt; mso-element-top: 226.55pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">An attribute with a value of one or more unique text strings. Enter each</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 153.9pt; mso-element-top: 242.65pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">string on a separ ate line in the Attribute Value text box.</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 153.9pt; mso-element-top: 260.0pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><b><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">(iii)</span></b><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 2.5in; mso-element-top: 260.0pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><b><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">Oracle Instances:</span></b><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 299.15pt; mso-element-top: 260.0pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">An instance is the (executed) Oracle software and the memor y</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 153.9pt; mso-element-top: 277.4pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">they use. It is the instance that manipulates the data stored in the database. It can be</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 153.9pt; mso-element-top: 294.8pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">started independ ent of an y database. It consists of:</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 153.9pt; mso-element-top: 312.1pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><b><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">1)</span></b><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 187.45pt; mso-element-top: 312.1pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">A shared memo ry area that provides the communication between various p rocesses.</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 153.9pt; mso-element-top: 328.3pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><b><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">2)</span></b><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 187.45pt; mso-element-top: 328.3pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">Upto five background processes which handled various tasks.</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 75.7pt; mso-element-top: 345.65pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">Whenever an oracle instance starts, the file ‘INIT.OR A’ is ex ecuted.</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 153.9pt; mso-element-top: 363.05pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><b><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">(iv)</span></b><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 2.5in; mso-element-top: 363.05pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><b><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">Mid square method of hashing:</span></b><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 391.0pt; mso-element-top: 363.05pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">In midsquare hashing, the key is squared and the</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 75.7pt; mso-element-top: 380.4pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">address selected from the middle of the squared nu mber.</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 75.7pt; mso-element-top: 397.8pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">Mid square method</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 75.7pt; mso-element-top: 413.95pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">* Square K.</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 75.7pt; mso-element-top: 431.35pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">* Strip predetermined digits from front and rear.</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 75.7pt; mso-element-top: 448.65pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">* e.g., use thousands and ten thousands places.</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 75.7pt; mso-element-top: 494.6pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><b><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">Q.23</span></b><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 105.5pt; mso-element-top: 494.6pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">Consider the following relational schemas:</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 75.7pt; mso-element-top: 512.0pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">EMPLOYEE (EMPLOYEE_NAME, STREET, CITY)</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 75.7pt; mso-element-top: 528.1pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">WORKS (EMPLOYEE_NAME, COMPANYNAME, SALARY)</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 75.7pt; mso-element-top: 545.5pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">COMPANY (COMPANY_NAME, CITY)</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 75.7pt; mso-element-top: 574.05pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">Specify th e table definitions in SQL.</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 667.75pt; mso-element-top: 574.05pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><b><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">(5)</span></b><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 75.7pt; mso-element-top: 606.3pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><b><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">Ans:</span></b><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 165.05pt; mso-element-top: 623.7pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">CREATE TABLE EMPLOYEE</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 165.05pt; mso-element-top: 641.05pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">( EMPLOYEE_NAME VARCHAR2(20) PRIMARY KEY,</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 165.05pt; mso-element-top: 657.2pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">STREET VARCHAR2(20),</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 165.05pt; mso-element-top: 674.6pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">CITY VARCHAR2(15));</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 165.05pt; mso-element-top: 691.95pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">CREATE TABLE COMPANY</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 165.05pt; mso-element-top: 709.3pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">( COMPANY_NAME VARCHAR2(50) PRIMARY KEY,</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 165.05pt; mso-element-top: 726.7pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">CITY VARCHAR2(15));</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 165.05pt; mso-element-top: 742.85pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">CREATE TABLE WORKS</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 165.05pt; mso-element-top: 760.25pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">( EMPLOYEE_NAME VARCHAR2(20)</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 209.75pt; mso-element-top: 777.55pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">REFERENCES EMPLOYEE(EMPLOYEE_NAME,</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 165.05pt; mso-element-top: 794.95pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">COMPANYNAME VARCHAR2(50)</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 209.75pt; mso-element-top: 812.35pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">REFERENCES COMPANY(COMPANY_NAME,</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 165.05pt; mso-element-top: 828.5pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">SALARY NUMBER(6),</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 142.75pt; mso-element-top: 845.8pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">CONSTRAINT WORKS_PK PRIMARY KEY(EMPLOYEE_NAME,</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 142.75pt; mso-element-top: 863.2pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">COMPANY_NAME));</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 75.7pt; mso-element-top: 891.8pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><b><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">Q.24</span></b><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 105.5pt; mso-element-top: 891.8pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">Give an ex pression in SQL fo r each of qu eries below:</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 667.75pt; mso-element-top: 891.8pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><b><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">(9)</span></b><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr><td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 153.9pt; mso-element-top: 71.4pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><b><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">(i)</span></b><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td></tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 168.8pt; mso-element-top: 71.4pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">Find the names of all employees who work f or first Bank Corporation.</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 75.7pt; mso-element-top: 88.7pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><b><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">(ii)</span></b><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 171.25pt; mso-element-top: 88.7pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">Find the names and company names of all employees sorted in ascendin g order of</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 187.45pt; mso-element-top: 106.1pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">company name and descending order of employee names of that compan y.</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 75.7pt; mso-element-top: 123.5pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><b><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">(iii)</span></b><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 176.25pt; mso-element-top: 123.5pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">Change th e city of First Bank Corporation to ‘New Delhi’</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 75.7pt; mso-element-top: 158.25pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><b><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">Ans:</span></b><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 153.9pt; mso-element-top: 191.75pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><b><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">(i)</span></b><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 168.8pt; mso-element-top: 191.75pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">SELECT EMPLOYEE_ NAME</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 209.75pt; mso-element-top: 209.15pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">FROM WORKS</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 209.75pt; mso-element-top: 226.55pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">WHERE COMPANYNAME = ‘First Bank Corporation’;</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 153.9pt; mso-element-top: 242.65pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><b><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">(ii)</span></b><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 171.25pt; mso-element-top: 242.65pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">SELECT EMPLOYEE_ NAME, COMPANYNAME</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 209.75pt; mso-element-top: 260.0pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">FROM WORKS</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 209.75pt; mso-element-top: 277.4pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">ORDER BY COMPANYNAME, EMPLOYEE_NAME DESC;</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 153.9pt; mso-element-top: 294.8pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><b><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">(iii)</span></b><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 176.25pt; mso-element-top: 294.8pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">UPDATE COMPANY</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 209.75pt; mso-element-top: 312.1pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">SET CITY = ‘New Delhi’</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 209.75pt; mso-element-top: 328.3pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">WHERE COMPANY_NAME = ‘First Bank Corporation’;</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 75.7pt; mso-element-top: 360.55pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">Q</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 86.9pt; mso-element-top: 360.55pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><b><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">.</span></b><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 91.8pt; mso-element-top: 360.55pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">2 5</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 120.4pt; mso-element-top: 360.55pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">Discuss the correspond ence between the E-R model construct and the relation model construct.</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 165.05pt; mso-element-top: 377.95pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">Show how each E-R model construct can be mapped to the relational model using the</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 165.05pt; mso-element-top: 395.3pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">suitable example?</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 75.7pt; mso-element-top: 428.8pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><b><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">Ans:</span></b><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 209.75pt; mso-element-top: 428.8pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><b><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">An entity-relationship model (ERM):</span></b><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 449.3pt; mso-element-top: 428.8pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">An entity-relationship model (ERM) is</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 153.9pt; mso-element-top: 446.2pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">an abstract conceptual representation of structured data. Entity-relationship modeling is a</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 153.9pt; mso-element-top: 463.6pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">relational schema database modeling method, used in software engineering to produce a</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 153.9pt; mso-element-top: 480.95pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">type of conceptual data model (or semantic data model) of a system, often a relational</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 153.9pt; mso-element-top: 498.3pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">database, and its requirements in a top-down fashion. Diagrams created using this process</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 153.9pt; mso-element-top: 514.45pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">are called</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 214.7pt; mso-element-top: 514.45pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><i><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">entity-relationship diagrams</span></i><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 384.8pt; mso-element-top: 514.45pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">, or</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 408.3pt; mso-element-top: 514.45pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><i><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">ER diagrams</span></i><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 486.55pt; mso-element-top: 514.45pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">or</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 506.4pt; mso-element-top: 514.45pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><i><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">ERDs</span></i><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 541.15pt; mso-element-top: 514.45pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">for sho rt.</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 153.9pt; mso-element-top: 531.85pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><b><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">ER-to-Rela tional Mapping Algorithm:</span></b><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 153.9pt; mso-element-top: 549.25pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><b><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">1)</span></b><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 172.5pt; mso-element-top: 549.25pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><b><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">Step 1: Mapping of regular entity types:</span></b><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 441.85pt; mso-element-top: 549.25pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">For each strong entity typ e E, create a</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 153.9pt; mso-element-top: 566.55pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">relation T that includes all the simple attributes of a composite attribute.</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 153.9pt; mso-element-top: 583.95pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><b><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">2)</span></b><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 170.05pt; mso-element-top: 583.95pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><b><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">Step2: Mapping of weak entity types:</span></b><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 407.1pt; mso-element-top: 583.95pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">For each weak entity type W with owner entity</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 153.9pt; mso-element-top: 600.1pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">type E, create relation R and include all simple attributes (or simple components of</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 153.9pt; mso-element-top: 617.5pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">composite attributes) of W as attributed of R. In addition, include as foreign key attributes</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 153.9pt; mso-element-top: 634.8pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">of R, the primar y key attribute (s) of relation(s) that correspond to the owner(s) and the</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 153.9pt; mso-element-top: 652.2pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">partial key of the weak entity type W, if any.</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 153.9pt; mso-element-top: 9.3in; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><b><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">3)</span></b><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 170.05pt; mso-element-top: 9.3in; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><b><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">Mapping of relationship types:</span></b><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 368.6pt; mso-element-top: 9.3in; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">form a relation R, for relationship with primary keys</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 153.9pt; mso-element-top: 685.75pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">of participating relations A and B as foreign keys in R. In addition to this, any attributes</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 153.9pt; mso-element-top: 703.1pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">of relationship become an attribute of R also.</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 165.05pt; mso-element-top: 720.5pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><b><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">4) Mapping of multivalued attributes:</span></b><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 405.85pt; mso-element-top: 720.5pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">For each multilvalued attribute A, create a new</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 153.9pt; mso-element-top: 737.85pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">relation R. This relation R will include an attribute corresponding to A, plus primary key</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 153.9pt; mso-element-top: 755.25pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">attribute K-as a foreign key in R-o f the relation that represents the entity type or</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 153.9pt; mso-element-top: 771.35pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">relationship type that has A as an attribute.</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 75.7pt; mso-element-top: 806.15pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><b><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">Q.26</span></b><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 105.5pt; mso-element-top: 806.15pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">Explain the concepts of relational data model. Also discuss its advantages and</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 153.9pt; mso-element-top: 823.5pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">disadvantages.</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 667.75pt; mso-element-top: 823.5pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><b><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">(7)</span></b><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 75.7pt; mso-element-top: 855.8pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><b><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">Ans:</span></b><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 153.9pt; mso-element-top: 871.95pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><b><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">Relational Data Model –</span></b><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 312.75pt; mso-element-top: 871.95pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">The relational model was first introduced b y Prof. E.F. Codd of</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 153.9pt; mso-element-top: 889.25pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">the IBM Resear ch in 1970 and attracted immediate attention due to its simplicity and</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 335.15pt; mso-element-top: 914.1pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><b><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">2 9</span></b><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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</div></div><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><br clear="all" style="mso-break-type: section-break; page-break-before: always;" /> </span> <br />
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 75.7pt; mso-element-top: 37.85pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><b><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">DC 1 0</span></b><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 386.0pt; mso-element-top: 37.85pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><b><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">DA T AB A S E MA N AGE ME N T S Y ST E MS</span></b><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 153.9pt; mso-element-top: 71.4pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">mathematical foundation. The model uses the concept of a math ematical relation (like a</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 153.9pt; mso-element-top: 88.7pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">table of values) as its basic building block, and h as its theoretical basis in set theor y and</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 153.9pt; mso-element-top: 106.1pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">first-order predicate lo gic. The relational model represents the database as a</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 153.9pt; mso-element-top: 123.5pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">collection of</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 234.55pt; mso-element-top: 123.5pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><i><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">relations</span></i><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 286.7pt; mso-element-top: 123.5pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">. The relational model like all other models consists of three basic</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 153.9pt; mso-element-top: 140.9pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">components:</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 160.1pt; mso-element-top: 157.0pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">a set of domains and a set of relations</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 160.1pt; mso-element-top: 174.35pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">operation on relations</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 160.1pt; mso-element-top: 191.75pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">integrity rules</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 75.7pt; mso-element-top: 209.15pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><b><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">Advantages</span></b><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 153.9pt; mso-element-top: 227.75pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">•</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 165.05pt; mso-element-top: 227.75pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><b><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">Ease of use –</span></b><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 271.8pt; mso-element-top: 227.75pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">The revision of any information as tables consisting of rows and</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 176.25pt; mso-element-top: 243.85pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">columns is quite natural and therefore even first time users find it attractive.</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 153.9pt; mso-element-top: 262.5pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">•</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 165.05pt; mso-element-top: 262.5pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><b><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">Flexibility –</span></b><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 254.45pt; mso-element-top: 262.5pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">Different tables from which information has to be linked and extracted</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 176.25pt; mso-element-top: 279.85pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">can be easily manipulated by operators such as project and join to give information in</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 176.25pt; mso-element-top: 296.05pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">the form in which it is desired.</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 153.9pt; mso-element-top: 314.65pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">•</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 165.05pt; mso-element-top: 314.65pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><b><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">Security –</span></b><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 240.75pt; mso-element-top: 314.65pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">Security control and authorization can also be implemented more easily b y</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 176.25pt; mso-element-top: 332.05pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">moving sensitive attributes in a given table into a separate relation with its own</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 176.25pt; mso-element-top: 349.35pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">authorization controls. If authorization requirement permits, a particular attribute</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 176.25pt; mso-element-top: 366.75pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">could be joined back with others to enable full inf ormation retrieval.</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 153.9pt; mso-element-top: 384.15pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">•</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 165.05pt; mso-element-top: 384.15pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><b><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">Data Independence –</span></b><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 307.8pt; mso-element-top: 384.15pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">Data independence is achieved more easily with normalization</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 176.25pt; mso-element-top: 401.55pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">structure used in a relational database than in the more complicated tree or network</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 176.25pt; mso-element-top: 418.9pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">structure. It also frees the users from details of storage structure and access methods.</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 153.9pt; mso-element-top: 437.55pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">•</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 165.05pt; mso-element-top: 437.55pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><b><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">Data Manipulation Language –</span></b><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 378.6pt; mso-element-top: 437.55pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">The possibility of responding to ad-hoc quer y b y</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 176.25pt; mso-element-top: 453.65pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">means of a language based on relational algebra and relational calculus is easy in the</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 176.25pt; mso-element-top: 471.0pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">relational database approach. Provides simplicity in the data organization and the</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 176.25pt; mso-element-top: 488.4pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">availability of reasonably simple to very powerful query languages.</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 42.15pt; mso-element-top: 505.8pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><b><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">Disadvantages</span></b><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 153.9pt; mso-element-top: 523.1pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">•</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 176.25pt; mso-element-top: 523.1pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><b><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">Perf ormance</span></b><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 258.15pt; mso-element-top: 523.1pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">– If the number of tables between which relationships to be established</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 176.25pt; mso-element-top: 540.5pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">are large and the tables themselves are voluminous, the performance in responding to</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 176.25pt; mso-element-top: 557.9pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">queries is definitely degr aded.</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 153.9pt; mso-element-top: 576.5pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">•</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 176.25pt; mso-element-top: 576.5pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><b><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">Unsuitable f or Hierarchies</span></b><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 348.8pt; mso-element-top: 576.5pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">– While the relational database approach is a logically</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 176.25pt; mso-element-top: 592.7pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">attractive, commercially feasible approach, but if the data is for example naturally</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 176.25pt; mso-element-top: 610.0pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">organized in a hierarchical manner and stored as such, the hierarchical ap proach may</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 176.25pt; mso-element-top: 627.4pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">give better r esults.</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 75.7pt; mso-element-top: 662.15pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><b><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">Q.27</span></b><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 105.5pt; mso-element-top: 662.15pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">Consider the following relational schema:</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 656.55pt; mso-element-top: 662.15pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><b><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">(14)</span></b><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 75.7pt; mso-element-top: 678.25pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">Doctor(DName,Reg_no)</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 75.7pt; mso-element-top: 695.65pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">Patient(Pname, Disease)</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 75.7pt; mso-element-top: 713.05pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">Assigned_To (Pname,Dname)</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 75.7pt; mso-element-top: 730.45pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">Give expression in both Tuple calculus and Domain calculus for each of the queries:</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 153.9pt; mso-element-top: 747.8pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><b><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">(i)</span></b><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 187.45pt; mso-element-top: 747.8pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">Get the names of patients who are assigned to more than one doctor.</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 153.9pt; mso-element-top: 763.9pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><b><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">(ii)</span></b><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 171.25pt; mso-element-top: 763.9pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">Get the names of doctors who are treatin g patients with ‘Polio’.</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 75.7pt; mso-element-top: 796.2pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><b><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">Ans:</span></b><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 75.7pt; mso-element-top: 813.55pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><b><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">(i)Tuple Calculus:</span></b><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 75.7pt; mso-element-top: 832.2pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">{p[PName] | p</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 256.9pt; mso-element-top: 832.2pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">PATIENT</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 351.25pt; mso-element-top: 832.2pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">a</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 369.85pt; mso-element-top: 832.2pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">a</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 381.05pt; mso-element-top: 832.2pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">(a</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 418.25pt; mso-element-top: 832.2pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">ASSIGNED_TO</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 537.4pt; mso-element-top: 832.2pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">a</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 569.65pt; mso-element-top: 832.2pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">ASSIGNED_TO</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 356.2pt; mso-element-top: 839.05pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 9.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">1,</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 374.85pt; mso-element-top: 839.05pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 9.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">2</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 395.9pt; mso-element-top: 839.05pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 9.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">1</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 547.35pt; mso-element-top: 839.05pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 9.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">2</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 153.9pt; mso-element-top: 849.55pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">p[PName] = a</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 242.05pt; mso-element-top: 849.55pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">[PName]</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 309.0pt; mso-element-top: 849.55pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">a</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 323.95pt; mso-element-top: 849.55pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">[PName] = a</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 404.65pt; mso-element-top: 849.55pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">[PName]</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 471.65pt; mso-element-top: 849.55pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">a</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 486.55pt; mso-element-top: 849.55pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">[DName]</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 554.8pt; mso-element-top: 849.55pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">a</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 569.65pt; mso-element-top: 849.55pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">[DName])}</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 235.85pt; mso-element-top: 857.65pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 9.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">1</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 317.75pt; mso-element-top: 857.65pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 9.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">1</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 398.4pt; mso-element-top: 857.65pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 9.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">2</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 480.35pt; mso-element-top: 857.65pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 9.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">1</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 563.45pt; mso-element-top: 857.65pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 9.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">2</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 75.7pt; mso-element-top: 866.95pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><b><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">Domain Calculus:</span></b><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr><td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 75.7pt; mso-element-top: 72.6pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">{p |</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td></tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 191.1pt; mso-element-top: 72.6pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">p</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 203.5pt; mso-element-top: 72.6pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">, d</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 225.9pt; mso-element-top: 72.6pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">, p</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 248.25pt; mso-element-top: 72.6pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">, d</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 270.55pt; mso-element-top: 72.6pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">(<p,<span> </p,<span></span>s><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 336.35pt; mso-element-top: 72.6pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">PATIENT</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 419.5pt; mso-element-top: 72.6pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;"><p< span=""><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></p<></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 446.85pt; mso-element-top: 72.6pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">, d</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 469.15pt; mso-element-top: 72.6pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">></span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p> </o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 493.95pt; mso-element-top: 72.6pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">ASSIGNED_TO</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 615.65pt; mso-element-top: 72.6pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;"><p< span=""><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></p<></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 642.9pt; mso-element-top: 72.6pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">, d</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 665.25pt; mso-element-top: 72.6pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">></span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p> </o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 197.3pt; mso-element-top: 80.7pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 9.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">1</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 219.7pt; mso-element-top: 80.7pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 9.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">1</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 242.05pt; mso-element-top: 80.7pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 9.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">2</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 263.1pt; mso-element-top: 80.7pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 9.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">2</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 440.65pt; mso-element-top: 80.7pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 9.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">1</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 462.95pt; mso-element-top: 80.7pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 9.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">1</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 636.7pt; mso-element-top: 80.7pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 9.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">2</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 657.85pt; mso-element-top: 80.7pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 9.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">2</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 153.9pt; mso-element-top: 91.25pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">ASSIGNED_TO</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
</tbody></table></div><div><table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" hspace="0" vspace="0"><tbody>
<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 266.85pt; mso-element-top: 91.25pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">p</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 282.95pt; mso-element-top: 91.25pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">= p</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 322.75pt; mso-element-top: 91.25pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">d</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 351.25pt; mso-element-top: 91.25pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">d</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 367.4pt; mso-element-top: 91.25pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">)}</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 276.75pt; mso-element-top: 99.3pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 9.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">1</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 305.35pt; mso-element-top: 99.3pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 9.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">2</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 332.6pt; mso-element-top: 99.3pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 9.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">1</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 361.2pt; mso-element-top: 99.3pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 9.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">2</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 75.7pt; mso-element-top: 108.65pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><b><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">(ii)Tuple Calculus:</span></b><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 153.9pt; mso-element-top: 127.25pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">{u[Dname] | u</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 264.35pt; mso-element-top: 127.25pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">ASSIGNED_TO</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 405.85pt; mso-element-top: 127.25pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">t (t</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 445.55pt; mso-element-top: 127.25pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">PATIENT</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 532.45pt; mso-element-top: 127.25pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">t[Disease] = ‘Polio’</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 153.9pt; mso-element-top: 143.35pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">t[PName] = u[PName])}</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 165.05pt; mso-element-top: 160.75pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><b><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">Domain Calculus:</span></b><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 48.4pt; mso-element-top: 179.35pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">{d |</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 197.3pt; mso-element-top: 179.35pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">p</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 209.75pt; mso-element-top: 179.35pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">, p</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 229.65pt; mso-element-top: 179.35pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">, s</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 248.25pt; mso-element-top: 179.35pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">(<p< span=""><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></p<></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 278.0pt; mso-element-top: 179.35pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">, d></span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 315.25pt; mso-element-top: 179.35pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">ASSIGNED_TO</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 433.15pt; mso-element-top: 179.35pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;"><p< span=""><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></p<></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 457.95pt; mso-element-top: 179.35pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">, s</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 475.35pt; mso-element-top: 179.35pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">></span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p> </o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 497.7pt; mso-element-top: 179.35pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">PATIENT</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 203.5pt; mso-element-top: 186.2pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 9.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">1</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 223.45pt; mso-element-top: 186.2pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 9.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">2</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 242.05pt; mso-element-top: 186.2pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 9.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">2</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 271.8pt; mso-element-top: 186.2pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 9.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">1</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 450.55pt; mso-element-top: 186.2pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 9.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">2</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 469.15pt; mso-element-top: 186.2pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 9.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">2</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 263.1pt; mso-element-top: 197.95pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">p</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 279.3pt; mso-element-top: 197.95pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">= p</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 320.2pt; mso-element-top: 197.95pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">s</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 335.15pt; mso-element-top: 197.95pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">= ‘Polio’)}</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 273.1pt; mso-element-top: 204.8pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 9.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">1</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 301.6pt; mso-element-top: 204.8pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 9.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">2</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 328.95pt; mso-element-top: 204.8pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 9.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">2</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 75.7pt; mso-element-top: 231.45pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><b><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">Q.28</span></b><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 153.9pt; mso-element-top: 231.45pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">What are the features of embedded SQL? Explain.</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 656.55pt; mso-element-top: 231.45pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><b><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">(7)</span></b><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 75.7pt; mso-element-top: 266.25pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><b><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">Ans: Embedded SQL</span></b><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 296.6pt; mso-element-top: 266.25pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">– SQL can be implemented in two ways. It can be used</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 153.9pt; mso-element-top: 282.4pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">interactively or embedded in a host language or by using API. The use of SQL</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 153.9pt; mso-element-top: 299.7pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">commands within a host language (e.g., C, Java, etc.) program is called embedded</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 153.9pt; mso-element-top: 317.1pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">query language or Embedded SQL. Although similar capabilities are supported for a</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 153.9pt; mso-element-top: 334.5pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">variety of host languages, the syntax sometimes varies. Some of the features of</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 153.9pt; mso-element-top: 351.9pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">embedded SQL are:</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 148.95pt; mso-element-top: 368.0pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">SQL statements can be used wherever a statement in the host language is allowed.</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 148.95pt; mso-element-top: 385.35pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">It combines the strengths of two programming environments, the procedural features of</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 165.05pt; mso-element-top: 402.75pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">host languages and non-procedural features of SQL.</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 148.95pt; mso-element-top: 420.15pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">SQL statements can refer to variables (must be prefixed by a colon in SQL statements)</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 165.05pt; mso-element-top: 437.55pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">defined in the host pro gr am.</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 148.95pt; mso-element-top: 453.65pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">Special program variables (called null indicators) are used to assign and retriev e the</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 165.05pt; mso-element-top: 471.0pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">NULL values to and from the database.</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 148.95pt; mso-element-top: 488.4pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">The facilities available through the interactive query language are also automatically</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 165.05pt; mso-element-top: 505.8pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">available to the host programs.</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 148.95pt; mso-element-top: 523.1pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">Embedded SQL alon g with host languages can be used to accomplish ver y complex and</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 165.05pt; mso-element-top: 539.3pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">complicated data access and manipulation tasks.</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 75.7pt; mso-element-top: 588.95pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><b><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">Q.29</span></b><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 105.5pt; mso-element-top: 588.95pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">What is the purpose of tables, private synonyms and public synon yms? If there are</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 153.9pt; mso-element-top: 606.3pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">multiple objects of same name on an Oracle database, which order are they accessed in?</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 153.9pt; mso-element-top: 639.8pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><b><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">Ans:</span></b><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 183.7pt; mso-element-top: 639.8pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">The purpose of table is to store data. If we use the PUBLIC keyword (or no</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 153.9pt; mso-element-top: 657.2pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">keyword at all), anyone who has access to the database can use our synonym. If the</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 153.9pt; mso-element-top: 674.6pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">database is not ANSI-compliant, a user does not need to know the name of the owner of a</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 153.9pt; mso-element-top: 691.95pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">public synon ym. Any synonym in a database that is not ANSI-compliant</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 593.25pt; mso-element-top: 691.95pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><b><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">and</span></b><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 618.1pt; mso-element-top: 691.95pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">was created</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 153.9pt; mso-element-top: 709.3pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">in an Informix database server is a public synonym. In an ANSI-compliant database, all</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 153.9pt; mso-element-top: 725.45pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">synonyms ar e private. If you use the PUBLIC or PR IVATE keywords, the database server</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 153.9pt; mso-element-top: 742.85pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">issues a syntax error. If you use the PRIVATE keyword to declare a synonym in a</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 153.9pt; mso-element-top: 760.25pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">database that is not ANSI-compliant, the unqualified synonym can be used by its owner.</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 153.9pt; mso-element-top: 777.55pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">Other users must qualify the synonym with the name of the owner</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 547.35pt; mso-element-top: 781.3pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 10.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">.</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 75.7pt; mso-element-top: 811.1pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><b><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">Q.30</span></b><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 153.9pt; mso-element-top: 811.1pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">Explain the followings:</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 656.55pt; mso-element-top: 811.1pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><b><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">(14)</span></b><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 75.7pt; mso-element-top: 828.5pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><b><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">(i)</span></b><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 167.6pt; mso-element-top: 828.5pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">Temporary Tables</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 75.7pt; mso-element-top: 845.8pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><b><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">(ii)</span></b><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 171.25pt; mso-element-top: 845.8pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">Integrity Constraints.</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 165.05pt; mso-element-top: 880.6pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><b><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">Ans:</span></b><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr><td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 75.7pt; mso-element-top: 71.4pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><b><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">(i) Temporary Tables –</span></b><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td></tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 328.95pt; mso-element-top: 71.4pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">Temporary tables exists solely for a particular session, or</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 153.9pt; mso-element-top: 88.7pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">whose data persists for the duration of the transaction. The temporary tables are generally</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 153.9pt; mso-element-top: 106.1pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">used to support specialized rollups or specific application processing requirements.</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 153.9pt; mso-element-top: 123.5pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">Unlike a permanent table, a temporary table does not automatically allocate space when it</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 153.9pt; mso-element-top: 140.9pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">is created. Space will be dynamically allocated for the table as rows are inserted.</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 75.7pt; mso-element-top: 157.0pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">The CREATE GLOBAL TEMPORARY TABLE command is used to create a temporar y</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 153.9pt; mso-element-top: 174.35pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">table in Oracle.</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 75.7pt; mso-element-top: 191.75pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">CREATE GLOBAL TEMPORARY TABLE <table_name></table_name></span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 165.05pt; mso-element-top: 209.15pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">(</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 165.05pt; mso-element-top: 226.55pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;"><columns details=""></columns></span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 165.05pt; mso-element-top: 242.65pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">)</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 165.05pt; mso-element-top: 260.0pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">ON COMMIT {PRESERVE|DELETE} ROWS;</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 75.7pt; mso-element-top: 294.8pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><b><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">(ii)Integrity Constraints –</span></b><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 321.45pt; mso-element-top: 294.8pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">A database is only as good as the information stored in it, and</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 153.9pt; mso-element-top: 312.1pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">a DBMS must therefore help prevent the entry of incorrect info rmation. An</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 639.2pt; mso-element-top: 312.1pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><i><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">integrity</span></i><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 153.9pt; mso-element-top: 328.3pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><i><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">constraint</span></i><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 218.45pt; mso-element-top: 328.3pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">is a condition specified on a database schema and restricts the data that can be</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 153.9pt; mso-element-top: 345.65pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">stored in an instance of the database. If a d atabase instance satisfies all the integrity</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 153.9pt; mso-element-top: 363.05pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">constraints specified on the database schema, it is a legal instance. A DBMS enforces</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 153.9pt; mso-element-top: 380.4pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">integrity constraints, in that it permits only legal instances to be stored in the database.</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 153.9pt; mso-element-top: 397.8pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">Integrity constraints are specified and enfor ced at different times:</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 171.25pt; mso-element-top: 413.95pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">When the DBA or end user defines a database schema, he or she specifies the</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 187.45pt; mso-element-top: 431.35pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">integrity constr aints that must hold on any instance of this database.</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 171.25pt; mso-element-top: 448.65pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">When a database application is run, the DBMS checks for violations and disallows</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 187.45pt; mso-element-top: 466.05pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">changes to the data that violate the specified integrity constraints.</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 165.05pt; mso-element-top: 483.45pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">Many kinds of integrity constraints can be specified in the relational model, such as,</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 165.05pt; mso-element-top: 499.6pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">Not Null, Check, Unique, Primary Key, etc.</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 76.95pt; mso-element-top: 531.2pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 14.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">Q.31</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 155.15pt; mso-element-top: 531.2pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 14.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">Explain different types of failures that occur in Oracle database.</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 660.3pt; mso-element-top: 531.2pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><b><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 14.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">(7)</span></b><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 120.4pt; mso-element-top: 571.55pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><b><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">Ans</span></b><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 178.7pt; mso-element-top: 571.55pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">:</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 186.2pt; mso-element-top: 571.55pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><b><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">Types of Failures –</span></b><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 307.8pt; mso-element-top: 571.55pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">In Oracle database following types of failures can occurred:</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 171.25pt; mso-element-top: 588.95pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">Statement Failure</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 187.45pt; mso-element-top: 606.3pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">•</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 193.65pt; mso-element-top: 606.3pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">Bad data type</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 187.45pt; mso-element-top: 624.95pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">•</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 193.65pt; mso-element-top: 624.95pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">Insufficient space</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 171.25pt; mso-element-top: 642.3pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">Insufficient Privileges (e.g., object privileges to a r ole)</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 171.25pt; mso-element-top: 659.65pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">User Process Failur e</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 187.45pt; mso-element-top: 677.05pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">•</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 193.65pt; mso-element-top: 677.05pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">User performed an abnormal disconnect</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 187.45pt; mso-element-top: 695.65pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">•</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 193.65pt; mso-element-top: 695.65pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">User's session was abnormally terminated</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 187.45pt; mso-element-top: 714.25pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">•</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 193.65pt; mso-element-top: 714.25pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">User's program raised an address exception</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 171.25pt; mso-element-top: 730.45pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">User Er ror</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 187.45pt; mso-element-top: 749.05pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">•</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 193.65pt; mso-element-top: 749.05pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">User drops a table</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 187.45pt; mso-element-top: 767.65pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">•</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 193.65pt; mso-element-top: 767.65pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">User damages data by modification</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 171.25pt; mso-element-top: 783.75pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">Instance Failure</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 171.25pt; mso-element-top: 801.15pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">Media Failure</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 187.45pt; mso-element-top: 819.75pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">•</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 193.65pt; mso-element-top: 819.75pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">User drops a table</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 187.45pt; mso-element-top: 838.4pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">•</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 193.65pt; mso-element-top: 838.4pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">User damages data by modification</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 171.25pt; mso-element-top: 854.55pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">Alert Logs</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 187.45pt; mso-element-top: 873.15pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">•</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 193.65pt; mso-element-top: 873.15pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">Records informational an d error messages</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 187.45pt; mso-element-top: 891.8pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">•</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 193.65pt; mso-element-top: 891.8pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">All Instance startups and shutdowns are recorded in the log</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr><td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 187.45pt; mso-element-top: 72.6pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">•</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td></tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 193.65pt; mso-element-top: 72.6pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">Every Create, Alter, or Drop operation on a rollback segment, tablespace,</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 209.75pt; mso-element-top: 1.25in; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">or database is reco rd in the log</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 171.25pt; mso-element-top: 107.35pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">Recover y Views</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 171.25pt; mso-element-top: 124.7pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">DB Verify</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 187.45pt; mso-element-top: 142.1pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">•</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 193.65pt; mso-element-top: 142.1pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">Used to insure that a datafile is valid before a resto re</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 75.7pt; mso-element-top: 176.9pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><b><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">Q.32</span></b><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 105.5pt; mso-element-top: 176.9pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">What is ODBC? What are the uses of ODBC? Under what circumstances we use this</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 153.9pt; mso-element-top: 194.2pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">technology?</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 661.5pt; mso-element-top: 194.2pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><b><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">(7)</span></b><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 75.7pt; mso-element-top: 226.55pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><b><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">Ans:</span></b><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 75.7pt; mso-element-top: 242.65pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><b><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">ODBC</span></b><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 196.1pt; mso-element-top: 242.65pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">– Open DataBase Connectivity (ODBC) enable the integration of SQL with a</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 153.9pt; mso-element-top: 260.0pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">general-purpose programming language. ODBC expose database capabilities in a</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 153.9pt; mso-element-top: 277.4pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">standardized way to the application programmer through an application programming</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 153.9pt; mso-element-top: 294.8pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">interface (API). In contrast to Embedded SQL, ODBC allows a single executable to</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 153.9pt; mso-element-top: 310.9pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">access different DBMSs without recompilation. Thus, while Embedded SQL is DBMS-</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 153.9pt; mso-element-top: 328.3pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">independent only at the source code level, applications using ODBC are DBMS-</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 153.9pt; mso-element-top: 345.65pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">independent at the source code level and at the level of the executable.</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 75.7pt; mso-element-top: 363.05pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">All direct interaction with a specific DBMS happens through a DBMS-specific driver. A</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 153.9pt; mso-element-top: 380.4pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">driver is a software program that translates the ODBC calls into DBMS-specific calls.</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 153.9pt; mso-element-top: 396.55pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">Drivers are loaded dynamically on demand since the DBMSs the application is going to</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 153.9pt; mso-element-top: 413.95pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">access are known only at run-time. Available drivers are registered with a driver manager.</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 153.9pt; mso-element-top: 431.35pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">The driver translates the SQL commands from th e application into equivalent commands</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 153.9pt; mso-element-top: 448.65pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">that the DBMS understands. An application that interacts with a data source through</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 153.9pt; mso-element-top: 466.05pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">ODBC selects a data source, dynamically loads the correspondin g driver, and establishes</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 153.9pt; mso-element-top: 482.2pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">a connection with the data source. ODBC achieves portability at the level of the</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 153.9pt; mso-element-top: 499.6pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">executable by introducing an extra level of indirection. In addition, using ODBC, an</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 153.9pt; mso-element-top: 516.9pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">application can access not just one DBMS but several different ones simultaneously.</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 75.7pt; mso-element-top: 541.75pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><b><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">Q.33</span></b><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 153.9pt; mso-element-top: 541.75pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">List an y two significant differences b etween a file processing system and a DBMS.</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 661.5pt; mso-element-top: 541.75pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><b><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">(4)</span></b><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 75.7pt; mso-element-top: 576.5pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><b><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">Ans:</span></b><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 153.9pt; mso-element-top: 593.9pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><b><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">File Processing System vs. DBMS</span></b><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 75.7pt; mso-element-top: 610.0pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><b><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">Data Independence</span></b><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 278.0pt; mso-element-top: 610.0pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">- Data independence is the capacity to change the schema at one</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 153.9pt; mso-element-top: 627.4pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">level of a database system without having to change the schema at the next level. In file</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 153.9pt; mso-element-top: 644.8pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">processing systems the data and applications are generally interdependent, but DBMS</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 153.9pt; mso-element-top: 660.95pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">provides the feature of data independence.</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 153.9pt; mso-element-top: 678.25pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><b><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">Data Redundancy –</span></b><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 284.2pt; mso-element-top: 678.25pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">Data redundancy means unnecessary duplication of data. In file</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 153.9pt; mso-element-top: 695.65pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">processing systems there is redundancy of data, but in DBMS we can reduce data</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 153.9pt; mso-element-top: 713.05pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">redundancy b y means of normalization process without affecting the original data. If we</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 153.9pt; mso-element-top: 730.45pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">do so in file processing system, it becomes too complex.</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 75.7pt; mso-element-top: 763.9pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><b><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">Q.34</span></b><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 153.9pt; mso-element-top: 763.9pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">Differentiate between various levels of data abstr action.</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 486.55pt; mso-element-top: 763.9pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><b><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">(5)</span></b><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 75.7pt; mso-element-top: 798.7pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><b><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">Ans: Data Abstraction –</span></b><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 309.0pt; mso-element-top: 798.7pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">Abstraction is the process to hide the irrelevant things from the</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 153.9pt; mso-element-top: 816.1pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">users and r epresent the relevant things to the user. Database systems are often used b y</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 153.9pt; mso-element-top: 832.2pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">non-computer prof essionals so that the complexity must be hidden from database system</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 153.9pt; mso-element-top: 849.55pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">users. This is done by defining levels of abstract as which the database may be viewed,</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 153.9pt; mso-element-top: 866.95pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">there are logical view or external view, conceptual view and internal view or ph ysical</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 153.9pt; mso-element-top: 884.35pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">view.</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr><td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 165.05pt; mso-element-top: 71.4pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><b><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">o</span></b><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td></tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 173.8pt; mso-element-top: 71.4pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><b><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">External View</span></b><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 281.75pt; mso-element-top: 71.4pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">– This is the highest level of abstraction as seen b y a user. It</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 187.45pt; mso-element-top: 88.7pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">describes only the part of entire database, which is relevant to a particular user.</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 165.05pt; mso-element-top: 106.1pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><b><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">o</span></b><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 310.3pt; mso-element-top: 106.1pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">This is the nex t higher level of abstraction which is the sum</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 187.45pt; mso-element-top: 123.5pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">total of Database Management System user's views. It describes what data are</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 187.45pt; mso-element-top: 140.9pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">actually stored in the database. It contains information about entire database in</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 187.45pt; mso-element-top: 157.0pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">terms of a small number of relatively simple structure.</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 165.05pt; mso-element-top: 174.35pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><b><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">o</span></b><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 173.8pt; mso-element-top: 174.35pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><b><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">Internal View –</span></b><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 286.7pt; mso-element-top: 174.35pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">This is the lowest level of abstraction. It describes how the data are</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 187.45pt; mso-element-top: 191.75pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">physically stored</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
</tbody></table></div></div>Anonymoushttp://www.blogger.com/profile/17584789907165764161noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-373343443959566174.post-27712756214164325542012-03-31T03:24:00.001-07:002012-03-31T03:24:37.268-07:00Database Management System Important Questions 1<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on"><br />
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 304.1pt; mso-element-top: 85.05pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><b><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 20.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">DESCRIPTIVES</span></b><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 75.7pt; mso-element-top: 132.15pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><b><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">Q.1</span></b><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 120.4pt; mso-element-top: 132.15pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">What is a database? Describe the advantages and disadvantages of using of DBMS.</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 661.5pt; mso-element-top: 132.15pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><b><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">(7)</span></b><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 75.7pt; mso-element-top: 165.7pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><b><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">Ans: Database</span></b><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 245.75pt; mso-element-top: 165.7pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">– A database is a collection of related data and/or information stored so</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 153.9pt; mso-element-top: 183.1pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">that it is available to many users for dif ferent purp oses.</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 153.9pt; mso-element-top: 200.4pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><b><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">Advantages Of DBMS</span></b><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 153.9pt; mso-element-top: 221.55pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">1.</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 187.45pt; mso-element-top: 221.55pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><b><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">Centralized Management and Control</span></b><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 435.65pt; mso-element-top: 221.55pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">- One of the main advantages of using a</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 187.45pt; mso-element-top: 237.65pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">database system is that the organization can exert, via the DBA, centralized</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 187.45pt; mso-element-top: 255.05pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">management and control over the data.</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 153.9pt; mso-element-top: 272.45pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">2.</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 187.45pt; mso-element-top: 272.45pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><b><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">Reduction of Redundancies and Inconsistencies -</span></b><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 517.55pt; mso-element-top: 272.45pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">Centralized control avoids</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 187.45pt; mso-element-top: 289.8pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">unnecessary duplication of data and effectively reduces the total amount of data</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 187.45pt; mso-element-top: 307.2pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">storage required. Removing redundancy eliminates inconsistencies.</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 153.9pt; mso-element-top: 323.3pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">3.</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 187.45pt; mso-element-top: 323.3pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><b><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">Data Sharing</span></b><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 274.3pt; mso-element-top: 323.3pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">- A database allows the sharing of data under its control by an y</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 187.45pt; mso-element-top: 340.7pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">number of application programs or users.</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 153.9pt; mso-element-top: 358.1pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">4.</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 187.45pt; mso-element-top: 358.1pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><b><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">Data Integrity</span></b><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 278.0pt; mso-element-top: 358.1pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">- Data integrity means that the data contained in the database is both</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 187.45pt; mso-element-top: 375.45pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">accur ate and consistent. Centralized control can also ensure that adequate checks are</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 187.45pt; mso-element-top: 392.8pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">incorporated in the DBMS to provide data integrity.</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 153.9pt; mso-element-top: 408.95pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">5.</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 187.45pt; mso-element-top: 408.95pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><b><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">Data Security</span></b><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 279.3pt; mso-element-top: 408.95pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">- Data is of vital importance to an organization and may be</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 187.45pt; mso-element-top: 426.35pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">confidential. Such confidential data must not be accessed by unauthorized persons.</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 187.45pt; mso-element-top: 443.75pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">The DBA who has the u ltimate responsibility for the data in the DBMS can ensure</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 187.45pt; mso-element-top: 461.05pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">that proper access procedures are followed. Different levels of secu rity could be</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 187.45pt; mso-element-top: 478.45pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">implemented for various types of data and operations.</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 153.9pt; mso-element-top: 494.6pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">6.</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 187.45pt; mso-element-top: 494.6pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><b><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">Data Independence</span></b><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 311.55pt; mso-element-top: 494.6pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">- Data independence is the capacity to chan ge the schema at</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 187.45pt; mso-element-top: 512.0pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">one level of a database system without having to change the schema at the next</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 187.45pt; mso-element-top: 529.35pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">level. It is usually considered from two points of view: physical data independence</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 187.45pt; mso-element-top: 546.7pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">and logical data independence. Physical data independence is the capacity to change</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 187.45pt; mso-element-top: 564.1pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">the internal schema without having to change conceptual schema. Logical data</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 187.45pt; mso-element-top: 580.25pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">independence is the capacity to chan ge the conceptual schema without having to</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 187.45pt; mso-element-top: 8.3in; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">change external schemas or application programs.</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 153.9pt; mso-element-top: 615.0pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">7.</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 187.45pt; mso-element-top: 615.0pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><b><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">Providing Storage Structures for Efficient Query Processing -</span></b><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 585.8pt; mso-element-top: 615.0pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">Database systems</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 187.45pt; mso-element-top: 632.35pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">provide capabilities for efficiently ex ecuting queries and updates. Auxiliary files</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 187.45pt; mso-element-top: 649.75pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">called</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 225.9pt; mso-element-top: 649.75pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><i><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">indexes</span></i><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 274.3pt; mso-element-top: 649.75pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">ar e used for this purpose.</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 153.9pt; mso-element-top: 665.85pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">8.</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 187.45pt; mso-element-top: 665.85pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><b><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">Backup and Recovery -</span></b><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 342.55pt; mso-element-top: 665.85pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">These facilities are provided to recover databases from</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 187.45pt; mso-element-top: 683.25pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">hardware and/or so ftware failures.</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 153.9pt; mso-element-top: 700.65pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><b><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">Some o ther advantages are:</span></b><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 193.65pt; mso-element-top: 718.0pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">Reduced Application Development Time</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 193.65pt; mso-element-top: 735.4pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">Flexibility</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 193.65pt; mso-element-top: 751.5pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">Availability of up-to-date Information</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 153.9pt; mso-element-top: 768.9pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><b><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">Disadvantages Of DBMS</span></b><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 153.9pt; mso-element-top: 789.95pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">1.</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 187.45pt; mso-element-top: 789.95pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><b><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">Cost of Software/Hardware and Migration</span></b><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 467.9pt; mso-element-top: 789.95pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">- A significant disadvantage of the</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 187.45pt; mso-element-top: 807.35pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">DBMS system is cost.</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr><td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 153.9pt; mso-element-top: 71.4pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">2.</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td></tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 187.45pt; mso-element-top: 71.4pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><b><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">Reduced Response and T hroughput</span></b><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 417.05pt; mso-element-top: 71.4pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">- The processing overhead introduced by the</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 187.45pt; mso-element-top: 88.7pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">DBMS to implement security, integrity, and sharing of the data causes a degradation</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 187.45pt; mso-element-top: 106.1pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">of the response and throughput times.</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 153.9pt; mso-element-top: 123.5pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">3.</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 187.45pt; mso-element-top: 123.5pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><b><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">Problem with Centralization</span></b><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 369.85pt; mso-element-top: 123.5pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">- Centr alization also means that the data is accessible</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 187.45pt; mso-element-top: 140.9pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">from a single source namely the database. This increases the potential of security</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 187.45pt; mso-element-top: 157.0pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">breach es and disruption of the operation of the organization because of downtimes</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 187.45pt; mso-element-top: 174.35pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">and failures.</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 75.7pt; mso-element-top: 206.65pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><b><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">Q.2</span></b><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 98.0pt; mso-element-top: 206.65pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">Explain five duties of Database Administrator.</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 567.2pt; mso-element-top: 206.65pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><b><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">(7)</span></b><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 75.7pt; mso-element-top: 241.4pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><b><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">Ans:</span></b><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 153.9pt; mso-element-top: 257.55pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">1. DBA administers the three lev els of the database and, in consultation with the</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 187.45pt; mso-element-top: 274.9pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">overall user community, sets up the definition of the global view or conceptual level</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 187.45pt; mso-element-top: 292.3pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">of the database.</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 153.9pt; mso-element-top: 309.65pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">2. Mappings between the internal and the conceptual levels, as well as between the</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 187.45pt; mso-element-top: 327.05pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">conceptual and external levels, ar e also defined by the DBA.</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 153.9pt; mso-element-top: 343.15pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">3. DBA ensur es that appropriate measures are in place to maintain the integrity of the</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 187.45pt; mso-element-top: 360.55pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">database and that the database is not accessible to unauthorized users.</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 153.9pt; mso-element-top: 377.95pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">4. DBA is responsible for granting permission to the users of the database and stores</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 187.45pt; mso-element-top: 395.3pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">the profile of each user in the database.</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 153.9pt; mso-element-top: 412.7pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">5. DBA is responsible for defining procedu res to recover the database from failures</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 187.45pt; mso-element-top: 428.8pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">with minimal loss of data.</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 75.7pt; mso-element-top: 461.05pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><b><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">Q.3</span></b><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 153.9pt; mso-element-top: 461.05pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">Explain the terms primary key, candidate key and foreign key. Give an example for</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 153.9pt; mso-element-top: 478.45pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">each.</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 522.55pt; mso-element-top: 478.45pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><b><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">(7)</span></b><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 75.7pt; mso-element-top: 513.25pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><b><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">Ans: Primary Key</span></b><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 295.4pt; mso-element-top: 513.25pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">– Primary key is one of the candidate keys that uniquely</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 153.9pt; mso-element-top: 529.35pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">identifies each row in the relation.</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 75.7pt; mso-element-top: 546.7pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><b><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">Candidate Key</span></b><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 250.7pt; mso-element-top: 546.7pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">– A candidate key of an entity set is a minimal superkey, that uniquely</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 153.9pt; mso-element-top: 564.1pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">identifies each row in the relation.</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 75.7pt; mso-element-top: 581.5pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><b><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">Foreign Key</span></b><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 234.55pt; mso-element-top: 581.5pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">– Let there are two relations (tables)</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 474.1pt; mso-element-top: 581.5pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><i><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">R</span></i><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 489.0pt; mso-element-top: 581.5pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">and</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 516.35pt; mso-element-top: 581.5pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><i><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">S</span></i><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 523.75pt; mso-element-top: 581.5pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">. An y candidate key of the</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 153.9pt; mso-element-top: 598.9pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">relation</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 203.5pt; mso-element-top: 598.9pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><i><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">R</span></i><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 215.95pt; mso-element-top: 598.9pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">which is referred in the relation</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 410.85pt; mso-element-top: 598.9pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><i><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">S</span></i><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 423.25pt; mso-element-top: 598.9pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">is called the</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 498.95pt; mso-element-top: 598.9pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><i><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">foreign key</span></i><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 570.95pt; mso-element-top: 598.9pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">in</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 585.8pt; mso-element-top: 598.9pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">the relation</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 659.05pt; mso-element-top: 598.9pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><i><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">S</span></i><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 670.25pt; mso-element-top: 598.9pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">and</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 153.9pt; mso-element-top: 615.0pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><i><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">referenced key</span></i><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 244.5pt; mso-element-top: 615.0pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">in the relation</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 331.4pt; mso-element-top: 615.0pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><i><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">R</span></i><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 340.05pt; mso-element-top: 615.0pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><b><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">.</span></b><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 347.55pt; mso-element-top: 615.0pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">The relation</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 423.25pt; mso-element-top: 615.0pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><i><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">R</span></i><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 436.9pt; mso-element-top: 615.0pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">is</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 450.55pt; mso-element-top: 615.0pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">also called as</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 533.7pt; mso-element-top: 615.0pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><i><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">parent table</span></i><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 609.4pt; mso-element-top: 615.0pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">and relation</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 683.9pt; mso-element-top: 615.0pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><i><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">S</span></i><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 153.9pt; mso-element-top: 632.35pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">is also called as</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 249.5pt; mso-element-top: 632.35pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><i><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">child table</span></i><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 314.0pt; mso-element-top: 632.35pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><b><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">.</span></b><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 75.7pt; mso-element-top: 649.75pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">For ex ample:</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 75.7pt; mso-element-top: 682.0pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><b><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">STUDENT</span></b><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 165.05pt; mso-element-top: 714.25pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><b><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">Enrl No</span></b><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 495.2pt; mso-element-top: 714.25pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><b><i><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">Mobile</span></i></b><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 246.95pt; mso-element-top: 716.8pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><b><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">Roll No Name</span></b><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 428.2pt; mso-element-top: 716.8pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><b><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">City</span></b><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 187.45pt; mso-element-top: 735.4pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">11 17 Ankit Vats Delhi 9891663808</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 187.45pt; mso-element-top: 754.05pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">15 16 Vivek Rajput Meerut 9891468487</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 191.1pt; mso-element-top: 771.35pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">6 6 Vanita Punjab</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 187.45pt; mso-element-top: 788.75pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">33 75 Bhavya Delhi 9810618396</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr><td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 98.0pt; mso-element-top: 72.6pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><b><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">GRADE</span></b><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td></tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 316.5pt; mso-element-top: 104.9pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><b><i><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">Grade</span></i></b><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 170.05pt; mso-element-top: 107.35pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><b><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">Roll No Course</span></b><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 191.1pt; mso-element-top: 125.95pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">6 C A</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 187.45pt; mso-element-top: 143.35pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">17 VB C</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 187.45pt; mso-element-top: 161.95pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">75 VB A</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 191.1pt; mso-element-top: 179.35pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">6 DBMS B</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 187.45pt; mso-element-top: 196.75pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">16 C B</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 160.1pt; mso-element-top: 214.1pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">Roll No is the primary key in the relation STUDENT and Roll No + Course is the</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 187.45pt; mso-element-top: 231.45pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">primary key of the relation GRADE.</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 160.1pt; mso-element-top: 248.85pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">Enrl No and Roll No are the candidate keys of the relation STUDENT.</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 160.1pt; mso-element-top: 266.25pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">Roll No in the relation GRADE is a foreign key whose values must be one of those</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 187.45pt; mso-element-top: 283.6pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">of the relation STUDENT.</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 81.95pt; mso-element-top: 317.1pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><b><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">Q.4</span></b><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 104.25pt; mso-element-top: 317.1pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">Differentiate between logical database design and ph ysical database design. Show how</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 153.9pt; mso-element-top: 334.5pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">this separation leads to data independence.</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 672.7pt; mso-element-top: 334.5pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><b><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">(7)</span></b><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 146.45pt; mso-element-top: 369.25pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><b><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">Ans:</span></b><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 160.1pt; mso-element-top: 386.6pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><b><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">Basis Logical Database Design Physical Database Design</span></b><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 160.1pt; mso-element-top: 411.4pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">Task Maps or transforms the conceptual</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 467.9pt; mso-element-top: 411.4pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">The specifications for the stored</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 233.3pt; mso-element-top: 428.8pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">schema (or an ER schema) from the</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 467.9pt; mso-element-top: 428.8pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">database in terms of physical storage</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 233.3pt; mso-element-top: 446.2pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">high-lev el data model into a</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 467.9pt; mso-element-top: 446.2pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">structures, record placement, and</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 233.3pt; mso-element-top: 463.6pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">relational database schema.</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 467.9pt; mso-element-top: 463.6pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">indexes are designed.</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 160.1pt; mso-element-top: 488.4pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">Choice of</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 233.3pt; mso-element-top: 488.4pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">The mapping can proceed in two</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 467.9pt; mso-element-top: 488.4pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">The following criteria are often used</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 160.1pt; mso-element-top: 505.8pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">criteria</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 233.3pt; mso-element-top: 505.8pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">stages:</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 467.9pt; mso-element-top: 505.8pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">to guide the choice of physical</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 467.9pt; mso-element-top: 523.1pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">database design options:</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 239.55pt; mso-element-top: 530.6pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">System-independent mapping</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 255.7pt; mso-element-top: 546.7pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">but data model-dependent</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 472.9pt; mso-element-top: 546.7pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">Response Time</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 239.55pt; mso-element-top: 564.1pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">Tailoring the schemas to a</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 472.9pt; mso-element-top: 564.1pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">Space Utilization</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 255.7pt; mso-element-top: 581.5pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">specific DBMS</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 472.9pt; mso-element-top: 581.5pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">Transaction Throughput</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 160.1pt; mso-element-top: 598.9pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">Result DDL statements in the language of</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 467.9pt; mso-element-top: 598.9pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">An initial determination of storage</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 233.3pt; mso-element-top: 616.2pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">the chosen DBMS that specify the</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 467.9pt; mso-element-top: 616.2pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">structures and the access paths for</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 233.3pt; mso-element-top: 8.8in; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">conceptual and ex ternal level</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 467.9pt; mso-element-top: 8.8in; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">the database files. This corresponds</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 233.3pt; mso-element-top: 651.0pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">schemas of the datab ase system. But</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 467.9pt; mso-element-top: 651.0pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">to defining the internal schema in</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 233.3pt; mso-element-top: 668.35pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">if the DDL statements include some</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 467.9pt; mso-element-top: 668.35pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">terms of Data Storage Definition</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 233.3pt; mso-element-top: 684.45pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">physical design parameters, a</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 467.9pt; mso-element-top: 684.45pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">Language.</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 233.3pt; mso-element-top: 701.85pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">complete DDL specification must</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 233.3pt; mso-element-top: 719.25pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">wait until after the physical</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 233.3pt; mso-element-top: 736.65pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">database design phase is completed.</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 75.7pt; mso-element-top: 786.3pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">The database design is divided into several phases. The logical database design and</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 153.9pt; mso-element-top: 803.65pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">physical database design are two of them. This separation is generally based on the</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 153.9pt; mso-element-top: 819.75pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">concept of three-level architecture of DBMS, which provides the data independence.</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 153.9pt; mso-element-top: 837.15pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">Therefo re, we can say that this separation leads to data independence because the output</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 153.9pt; mso-element-top: 854.55pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">of the logical database design is the conceptual and external level schemas of the database</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr><td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 75.7pt; mso-element-top: 78.85pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">system which is independent from the output of the ph ysical database design that is</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td></tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 153.9pt; mso-element-top: 96.2pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">internal schema.</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 75.7pt; mso-element-top: 122.25pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><b><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">Q.5</span></b><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 153.9pt; mso-element-top: 122.25pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">Consider the following relation schemes:</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 623.05pt; mso-element-top: 122.25pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><b><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">(2</span></b><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 635.45pt; mso-element-top: 122.25pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">×</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 642.9pt; mso-element-top: 122.25pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><b><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">7=14)</span></b><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 75.7pt; mso-element-top: 139.65pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">Project (Project#, Project_name, chief_architect)</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 75.7pt; mso-element-top: 155.75pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">Employee (Emp#, Empname)</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 75.7pt; mso-element-top: 173.15pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">Assigned_To (Project#, Emp#)</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 75.7pt; mso-element-top: 190.55pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">Give expression in Tuple calculus and Domain calculus for each of the queries below:</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 153.9pt; mso-element-top: 207.9pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><b><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">(i)</span></b><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 167.6pt; mso-element-top: 207.9pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">Get the employee numb ers of employees who work on all projects.</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 153.9pt; mso-element-top: 225.25pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><b><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">(ii)</span></b><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 171.25pt; mso-element-top: 225.25pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">Get the employee numbers of employees who do not work on the COMP123</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 153.9pt; mso-element-top: 241.4pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">project.</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 75.7pt; mso-element-top: 273.65pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><b><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">Ans:</span></b><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 75.7pt; mso-element-top: 305.9pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><b><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">( i) T up le Ca l cu lu s:</span></b><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 75.7pt; mso-element-top: 324.55pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">{t[Emp#] | t</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 245.75pt; mso-element-top: 324.55pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">ASSIGNED_TO</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 383.5pt; mso-element-top: 324.55pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">p (p</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 424.45pt; mso-element-top: 324.55pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">PROJECT</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 528.75pt; mso-element-top: 324.55pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">u (u</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 569.65pt; mso-element-top: 324.55pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">ASSIGNED_TO</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 153.9pt; mso-element-top: 343.15pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">p[Project#] = u[Project#]</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 316.5pt; mso-element-top: 343.15pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">t[Emp#] = u[Emp#]))}</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 153.9pt; mso-element-top: 359.3pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><b><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">Domain Calculus:</span></b><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 75.7pt; mso-element-top: 377.95pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">{e |</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 219.7pt; mso-element-top: 377.95pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">p (<p, e=""></p,></span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 287.95pt; mso-element-top: 377.95pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">ASSIGNED_TO</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 419.5pt; mso-element-top: 377.95pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">p</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 431.9pt; mso-element-top: 377.95pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">(<p< span=""><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></p<></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 461.7pt; mso-element-top: 377.95pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">, n</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 481.55pt; mso-element-top: 377.95pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">, c</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 500.15pt; mso-element-top: 377.95pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">></span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p> </o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 522.55pt; mso-element-top: 377.95pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">PROJECT</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 425.7pt; mso-element-top: 386.0pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 9.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">1</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 455.5pt; mso-element-top: 386.0pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 9.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">1</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 475.35pt; mso-element-top: 386.0pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 9.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">1</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 493.95pt; mso-element-top: 386.0pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 9.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">1</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 75.7pt; mso-element-top: 396.55pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;"><p< span=""><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></p<></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 248.25pt; mso-element-top: 396.55pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">, e></span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 285.5pt; mso-element-top: 396.55pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">ASSIGNED_TO))}</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 242.05pt; mso-element-top: 403.4pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 9.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">1</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 153.9pt; mso-element-top: 412.7pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><b><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">(ii) Tuple Calculus</span></b><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 282.95pt; mso-element-top: 412.7pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">:</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 153.9pt; mso-element-top: 431.35pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">{t[Emp#] | t</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 238.3pt; mso-element-top: 431.35pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">ASSIGNED_TO</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 359.95pt; mso-element-top: 431.35pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">¬</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 378.6pt; mso-element-top: 431.35pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">u (u</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 417.05pt; mso-element-top: 431.35pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">ASSIGNED_TO</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 264.35pt; mso-element-top: 449.95pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">u [ P ro j ect # ] = ‘ C OM P 1 23 ’</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 465.45pt; mso-element-top: 449.95pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">t[ Em p # ] = u [ Emp # ] ) }</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 153.9pt; mso-element-top: 467.25pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><b><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">Domain Calculus:</span></b><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 75.7pt; mso-element-top: 484.65pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">{e |</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 186.2pt; mso-element-top: 484.65pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">p (<p, e=""></p,></span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 254.45pt; mso-element-top: 484.65pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">ASSIGNED_TO</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 386.0pt; mso-element-top: 484.65pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">p</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 398.4pt; mso-element-top: 484.65pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">, e</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 417.05pt; mso-element-top: 484.65pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">(<p< span=""><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></p<></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 446.85pt; mso-element-top: 484.65pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">, e</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 466.7pt; mso-element-top: 484.65pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">></span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p> </o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 489.0pt; mso-element-top: 484.65pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">ASSIGNED_TO</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 392.2pt; mso-element-top: 492.75pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 9.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">1</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 410.85pt; mso-element-top: 492.75pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 9.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">1</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 440.65pt; mso-element-top: 492.75pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 9.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">1</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 460.5pt; mso-element-top: 492.75pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 9.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">1</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 162.6pt; mso-element-top: 503.3pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">p</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 189.9pt; mso-element-top: 503.3pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">‘COMP123’</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 281.75pt; mso-element-top: 503.3pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">e</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 309.0pt; mso-element-top: 503.3pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">e))}</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 172.5pt; mso-element-top: 511.35pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 9.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">1</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 290.4pt; mso-element-top: 511.35pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 9.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">1</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 75.7pt; mso-element-top: 538.05pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><b><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">Q.6</span></b><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 153.9pt; mso-element-top: 538.05pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">What is ODBC? How does Or acle act as ODBC and give examples of front end uses with</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 153.9pt; mso-element-top: 554.15pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">ODBC.</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 656.55pt; mso-element-top: 554.15pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><b><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">(7)</span></b><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 75.7pt; mso-element-top: 586.45pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><b><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">Ans:</span></b><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 75.7pt; mso-element-top: 603.8pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><b><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">ODBC</span></b><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 196.1pt; mso-element-top: 603.8pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">– Open DataBase Connectivity (ODBC) enable the integration of SQL with a</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 153.9pt; mso-element-top: 621.2pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">general-purpose programming language. ODBC expose database capabilities in a</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 153.9pt; mso-element-top: 638.55pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">standardized way to the application programmer through an application programming</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 153.9pt; mso-element-top: 654.75pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">interface (API). Using ODBC, an application can access not just one DBMS but several</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 153.9pt; mso-element-top: 672.05pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">different ones simultaneously.</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 153.9pt; mso-element-top: 689.45pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">ODBC achieve portability at the level of the executable by introducing an extra level of</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 153.9pt; mso-element-top: 706.85pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">indirection. All direct interaction with a specific DBMS happens through a DBMS-</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 153.9pt; mso-element-top: 724.25pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">specific driver. A driver is a software pro gram that translates the ODBC calls into DBMS-</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 153.9pt; mso-element-top: 740.3pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">specific calls. Drivers are loaded dynamically on demand since the DBMSs the</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 153.9pt; mso-element-top: 757.7pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">application is going to access are known only at run-time. Available drivers are registered</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 153.9pt; mso-element-top: 775.1pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">with a driver manager. The Oracle database driver translates the SQL commands from the</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 153.9pt; mso-element-top: 792.5pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">application into equivalent commands that the Oracle DBMS understands and takes the</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 153.9pt; mso-element-top: 809.9pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">result from the DBMS and translate</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 369.85pt; mso-element-top: 809.9pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">into equivalen t form for the application.</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 75.7pt; mso-element-top: 826.0pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">Example: Let there b e a DSN named EMPLOYEE through, which we want to access the</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 153.9pt; mso-element-top: 843.35pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">Oracle d atabase in Visual Basic.</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 75.7pt; mso-element-top: 860.75pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">Dim CN As New ADODB.Connection</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 75.7pt; mso-element-top: 878.15pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">Dim RS As New ADODB.Recordset</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 75.7pt; mso-element-top: 895.45pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">CN.Open “DSN=employee”, “scott”, “tiger”</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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</div></div></div><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><br clear="all" style="mso-break-type: section-break; page-break-before: always;" /> </span> <br />
<div class="WordSection5"><div style="text-align: -webkit-auto;"><br />
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 75.7pt; mso-element-top: 71.4pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">RS.Open “Select * From Emp”, CN</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 75.7pt; mso-element-top: 103.65pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><b><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">Q.7</span></b><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 98.0pt; mso-element-top: 103.65pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">Define the five basic operators of relational algebra with an ex ample each.</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 672.7pt; mso-element-top: 103.65pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><b><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">(7)</span></b><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 3.7pt; mso-element-top: 138.35pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><b><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">Ans: Five basic operators of relational algebra are:</span></b><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 165.05pt; mso-element-top: 157.0pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><b><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">1. Union</span></b><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 253.15pt; mso-element-top: 157.0pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><b><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">(</span></b><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 269.35pt; mso-element-top: 157.0pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><b><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">)</span></b><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 280.5pt; mso-element-top: 157.0pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><b><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">-</span></b><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 285.5pt; mso-element-top: 157.0pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">Selects tuples that are in either P or Q or in both of them.</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 670.25pt; mso-element-top: 157.0pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><i><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">The</span></i><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 165.05pt; mso-element-top: 173.15pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><i><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">duplicate tuples are eliminated</span></i><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 350.0pt; mso-element-top: 173.15pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">.</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 165.05pt; mso-element-top: 191.75pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><i><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">R = P</span></i><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 214.7pt; mso-element-top: 191.75pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><i><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">Q</span></i><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 165.05pt; mso-element-top: 212.85pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><b><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">2. Minus (–) -</span></b><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 279.3pt; mso-element-top: 212.85pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">Removes common tuples from the first relation.</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 165.05pt; mso-element-top: 230.2pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><i><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">R = P – Q</span></i><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 165.05pt; mso-element-top: 251.35pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><b><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">3. Cartesian Product or Cross Product (</span></b><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 469.15pt; mso-element-top: 251.35pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">×</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 469.15pt; mso-element-top: 251.35pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">×</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 477.85pt; mso-element-top: 251.35pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><b><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">)</span></b><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 490.3pt; mso-element-top: 251.35pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><b><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">-</span></b><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 495.2pt; mso-element-top: 251.35pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">The cartesian product of two</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 469.15pt; mso-element-top: 252.6pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">×</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 165.05pt; mso-element-top: 268.7pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">relations is the concatenation of tuples belonging to the two relations and consisting of</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 165.05pt; mso-element-top: 286.05pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">all possible combination of the tuples</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 387.25pt; mso-element-top: 286.05pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><b><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">.</span></b><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 204.8pt; mso-element-top: 302.8pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><i><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 14.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">×</span></i><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 165.05pt; mso-element-top: 304.7pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><i><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">R = P</span></i><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 212.25pt; mso-element-top: 304.7pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><i><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">Q</span></i><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 165.05pt; mso-element-top: 324.55pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">For Ex ample:</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 227.1pt; mso-element-top: 356.85pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><b><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">P:</span></b><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 384.8pt; mso-element-top: 359.3pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><b><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">Q</span></b><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 395.9pt; mso-element-top: 359.3pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">:</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 227.1pt; mso-element-top: 394.1pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><b><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">ID Name</span></b><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 384.8pt; mso-element-top: 394.1pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><b><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">ID</span></b><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 451.75pt; mso-element-top: 396.55pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><b><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">Name</span></b><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 242.05pt; mso-element-top: 430.05pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">101 Jones</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 400.9pt; mso-element-top: 430.05pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">100 John</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 242.05pt; mso-element-top: 466.05pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">103 Smith</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 400.9pt; mso-element-top: 466.05pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">104 Lalonde</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 242.05pt; mso-element-top: 502.05pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">104 Lalonde</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 227.1pt; mso-element-top: 525.65pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><b><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">R = P</span></b><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 278.0pt; mso-element-top: 525.65pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><b><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">Q R = P – Q</span></b><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 227.1pt; mso-element-top: 551.7pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><b><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">ID Name</span></b><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 384.8pt; mso-element-top: 551.7pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><b><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">ID Name</span></b><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 242.05pt; mso-element-top: 577.75pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">100 John</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 400.9pt; mso-element-top: 577.75pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">101 Jones</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 242.05pt; mso-element-top: 605.1pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">101 Jones</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 400.9pt; mso-element-top: 605.1pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">103 Smith</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 242.05pt; mso-element-top: 631.15pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">103 Smith</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 242.05pt; mso-element-top: 658.4pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">104 Lalonde</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 227.1pt; mso-element-top: 687.0pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><b><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">R = P</span></b><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 266.85pt; mso-element-top: 687.0pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">×</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 274.3pt; mso-element-top: 687.0pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><b><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">Q</span></b><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 227.1pt; mso-element-top: 711.8pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><b><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">P.ID P.Name Q.ID Q.Name</span></b><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 242.05pt; mso-element-top: 739.1pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">101 Jones 100 John</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 242.05pt; mso-element-top: 765.15pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">101 Jones 104 Lalonde</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 242.05pt; mso-element-top: 792.5pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">103 Smith 100 John</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 242.05pt; mso-element-top: 818.55pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">103 Smith 104 Lalonde</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 242.05pt; mso-element-top: 845.8pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">104 Lalonde 100 John</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 242.05pt; mso-element-top: 873.15pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">104 Lalonde 104 Lalonde</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr><td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 142.75pt; mso-element-top: 56.45pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><b><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">4. Projection (</span></b><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td></tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 240.75pt; mso-element-top: 56.45pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">p</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 248.25pt; mso-element-top: 56.45pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><b><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">) -</span></b><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 263.1pt; mso-element-top: 56.45pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">The projection of a relation is defined as a projection of all its tuples</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 165.05pt; mso-element-top: 72.6pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">over some set of attributes, i.e., it yields a</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 429.45pt; mso-element-top: 72.6pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><i><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">vertical subset</span></i><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 522.55pt; mso-element-top: 72.6pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">of the relation. It is used to</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 165.05pt; mso-element-top: 1.25in; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">either</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 204.8pt; mso-element-top: 1.25in; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><i><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">reduce</span></i><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 250.7pt; mso-element-top: 1.25in; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">the number of attributes (d egree) in the resultant relation or to</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 646.65pt; mso-element-top: 1.25in; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><i><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">reorder</span></i><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 165.05pt; mso-element-top: 108.65pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">attributes. The projection of a relation T on the attribute A is denoted by</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 598.25pt; mso-element-top: 108.65pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">p</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 614.4pt; mso-element-top: 108.65pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">(T).</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 605.65pt; mso-element-top: 115.4pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 9.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">A</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 142.75pt; mso-element-top: 127.25pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><b><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">5. Selection (</span></b><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 232.1pt; mso-element-top: 127.25pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">s</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 240.75pt; mso-element-top: 127.25pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><b><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">) -</span></b><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 256.9pt; mso-element-top: 127.25pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">Selects only some of the tuples, those satisf y given criteria, from the</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 165.05pt; mso-element-top: 143.35pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">relation. It yields a</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 280.5pt; mso-element-top: 143.35pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><i><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">horizontal subset</span></i><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 387.25pt; mso-element-top: 143.35pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">of a given relation, i.e., the action is d efined over a</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 165.05pt; mso-element-top: 160.75pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">complete set of attribute names but only a subset of the tuples are included in the result.</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 192.4pt; mso-element-top: 177.45pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><i><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 14.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">s</span></i><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 165.05pt; mso-element-top: 179.35pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><i><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">R =</span></i><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 206.05pt; mso-element-top: 179.35pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><i><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">(P)</span></i><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 198.6pt; mso-element-top: 186.2pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><i><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 9.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">B</span></i><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 165.05pt; mso-element-top: 200.4pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">For Ex ample:</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 233.3pt; mso-element-top: 217.8pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><b><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">EMPLOYEE:</span></b><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 250.7pt; mso-element-top: 235.2pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><b><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">Id Name Name</span></b><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 246.95pt; mso-element-top: 252.6pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">101 Jones Jones</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 394.65pt; mso-element-top: 3.75in; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">Smith</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 246.95pt; mso-element-top: 279.85pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">103 Smith</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 394.65pt; mso-element-top: 307.2pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">Lalonde</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 246.95pt; mso-element-top: 315.85pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">104 Lalonde</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 246.95pt; mso-element-top: 343.15pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">106 Byron B yron</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 165.05pt; mso-element-top: 375.45pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><b><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">Projection of relation EMPLOYE E over attribute Name</span></b><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 206.05pt; mso-element-top: 396.55pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><b><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">EMPLOYEE: Result of Selection</span></b><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 224.65pt; mso-element-top: 415.15pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><b><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">Id Name Id Name</span></b><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 220.9pt; mso-element-top: 432.55pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">101 Jones 104 Lalonde</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 364.85pt; mso-element-top: 449.95pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">106 B yron</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 220.9pt; mso-element-top: 458.6pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">103 Smith</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 220.9pt; mso-element-top: 495.85pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">104 Lalond e</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 220.9pt; mso-element-top: 523.1pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">106 Byron</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 227.1pt; mso-element-top: 557.9pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">Result of Selection over</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 374.85pt; mso-element-top: 557.9pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><b><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">EMPLOYE E</span></b><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 460.5pt; mso-element-top: 557.9pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">for</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 484.1pt; mso-element-top: 557.9pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><b><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">ID > 103</span></b><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 75.7pt; mso-element-top: 591.4pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><b><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">Q.8</span></b><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 153.9pt; mso-element-top: 591.4pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">Explain entity integrity and ref erential integrity rules in relational model. Show how</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 153.9pt; mso-element-top: 608.75pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">these ar e realized in SQL.</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 661.5pt; mso-element-top: 608.75pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><b><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">(7)</span></b><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 75.7pt; mso-element-top: 643.55pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><b><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">Ans:</span></b><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 153.9pt; mso-element-top: 659.65pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><b><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">Entity Integrity Rule –</span></b><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 297.9pt; mso-element-top: 659.65pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">No primar y key value can be null.</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 153.9pt; mso-element-top: 677.05pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><b><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">Referential Integrity Rule –</span></b><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 328.95pt; mso-element-top: 677.05pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">In referential integrity, it is ensured that a value that appears</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 153.9pt; mso-element-top: 694.45pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">in one relation for a giv en set of attributes also appears for a certain set of attributes in</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 153.9pt; mso-element-top: 711.8pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">another r elation.</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 153.9pt; mso-element-top: 732.9pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">In SQL, entity integrity and referential integrity rules are implemented as constraints on</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 153.9pt; mso-element-top: 749.05pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">the relation called as primary key constraint and reference key constraint respectively.</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 153.9pt; mso-element-top: 766.45pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">These constraints can be specified with relation at the time of creation of the relations or</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 153.9pt; mso-element-top: 783.75pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">after the creation of the r elations by alterin g the definition of the relations. For example:</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 155.15pt; mso-element-top: 798.05pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><b><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 16.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">CREATE TABLE DEPT</span></b><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 165.05pt; mso-element-top: 824.75pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">(DEPTNO NUMBER PRIMARY KEY,</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 165.05pt; mso-element-top: 842.15pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">DNAME VARCHAR2(15));</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 121.6pt; mso-element-top: 856.4pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><b><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 16.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">CREATE TABLE EMP</span></b><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 165.05pt; mso-element-top: 883.05pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">(EMPNO NUMBER PRIMARY KEY,</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 335.15pt; mso-element-top: 914.1pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><b><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">2 0</span></b><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr><td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 165.05pt; mso-element-top: 71.4pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">ENAME VARCHAR2(15),</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td></tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 165.05pt; mso-element-top: 88.7pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">JOB VARCHAR2(10),</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 168.8pt; mso-element-top: 106.1pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">DEPTNO NUMBER REFERENCES DEPT(DEPTNO));</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 75.7pt; mso-element-top: 138.35pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><b><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">Q.9</span></b><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 153.9pt; mso-element-top: 138.35pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">What are the advantages of embedded query language? Give an ex ample of a embedded</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 153.9pt; mso-element-top: 155.75pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">SQL query.</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 667.75pt; mso-element-top: 155.75pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><b><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">(7)</span></b><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 153.9pt; mso-element-top: 188.0pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><b><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">Ans:</span></b><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 75.7pt; mso-element-top: 204.15pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><b><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">Embedded query language –</span></b><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 348.8pt; mso-element-top: 204.15pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">SQL can b e implemented in two ways. It can be used</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 153.9pt; mso-element-top: 221.55pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">interactively or embedded in a host language or by using API. The use of SQL commands</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 153.9pt; mso-element-top: 238.95pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">within a host language (e.g., C, Java, etc.) program is called embedded quer y language or</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 153.9pt; mso-element-top: 256.25pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">Embedded SQL. Although similar capabilities are supported for a variety of host</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 153.9pt; mso-element-top: 272.45pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">languages, the syntax sometimes varies. Some of the advantages of embedded SQL are:</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 148.95pt; mso-element-top: 289.8pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">SQL statements can be used wherever a statement in the host language is allowed.</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 148.95pt; mso-element-top: 307.2pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">It combines the strengths of two programming environments, the procedural features of</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 165.05pt; mso-element-top: 324.55pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">host languages and non-procedural features of SQL.</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 148.95pt; mso-element-top: 341.9pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">SQL statements can refer to variables (must be prefixed by a colon in SQL statements)</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 165.05pt; mso-element-top: 358.1pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">defined in the host pro gr am.</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 148.95pt; mso-element-top: 375.45pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">Special program variables (called null indicators) are used to assign and retriev e the</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 165.05pt; mso-element-top: 392.8pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">NULL values to and from the database.</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 148.95pt; mso-element-top: 410.2pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">The facilities available through the interactive query language are also automatically</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 165.05pt; mso-element-top: 427.6pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">available to the host programs.</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 148.95pt; mso-element-top: 443.75pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">Embedded SQL alon g with host languages can be used to accomplish ver y complex and</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 165.05pt; mso-element-top: 461.05pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">complicated data access and manipulation tasks.</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 75.7pt; mso-element-top: 478.45pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">Example: The following Embedded SQL statemen t in C inserts a row, whose column</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 153.9pt; mso-element-top: 495.85pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">values ar e based on the values of the host language variables contained in it</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 603.2pt; mso-element-top: 495.85pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><b><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">.</span></b><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 75.7pt; mso-element-top: 513.25pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><b><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">EXEC SQL</span></b><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 153.9pt; mso-element-top: 529.35pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">INSERT INTO Sailors VALUES (:c_sname, :c_sid, :c_rating, :c_age);</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 75.7pt; mso-element-top: 564.1pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><b><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">Q.10</span></b><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 153.9pt; mso-element-top: 564.1pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">Consider the following relations:</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 578.4pt; mso-element-top: 564.1pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><b><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">(3.5 x 2=7)</span></b><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 75.7pt; mso-element-top: 581.5pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">S (S#, SNAME, STATUS, C ITY)</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 75.7pt; mso-element-top: 598.9pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">SP (S#, P#, QTY)</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 75.7pt; mso-element-top: 615.0pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">P (P#, PNAME, COLOR, WEIGHT, CITY)</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 75.7pt; mso-element-top: 632.35pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">Give an ex pression in SQL fo r each of qu eries below:</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 153.9pt; mso-element-top: 649.75pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">(i) Get supplier names for supplier who supply at least one red part</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 153.9pt; mso-element-top: 667.15pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">(ii) Get supplier names for supplier who do not supply part P2.</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 75.7pt; mso-element-top: 699.4pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><b><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">Ans:(i)</span></b><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 165.05pt; mso-element-top: 715.5pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">SELECT SNAME FROM S</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 209.75pt; mso-element-top: 732.9pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">WHERE S# IN (SELECT S# FROM SP</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 254.45pt; mso-element-top: 750.3pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">WHERE P# IN (SELECT P# FROM P</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 299.15pt; mso-element-top: 767.65pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">WHERE COLOR = RED’))</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 146.45pt; mso-element-top: 785.05pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><b><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">(ii)</span></b><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 189.9pt; mso-element-top: 785.05pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">SELECT SNAME FROM S</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 146.45pt; mso-element-top: 801.15pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">WHERE S# NOT IN (SELEC T S# FROM SP WHERE P# = ‘P2’)</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 75.7pt; mso-element-top: 833.4pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><b><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">Q.11</span></b><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 105.5pt; mso-element-top: 833.4pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">Define a view and a trigger. Construct a view for the above relations which has the</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 153.9pt; mso-element-top: 850.8pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">information about supp liers and the parts they supply. The view contains the S#,</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 153.9pt; mso-element-top: 868.2pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">SNAME, P# , PNAME renamed as SNO, NAME, PNO, PNAME.</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 667.75pt; mso-element-top: 868.2pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><b><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">(7)</span></b><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 335.15pt; mso-element-top: 914.1pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><b><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">2 1</span></b><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr><td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 153.9pt; mso-element-top: 72.6pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><b><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">Ans:</span></b><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td></tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 153.9pt; mso-element-top: 88.7pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><b><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">View –</span></b><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 197.3pt; mso-element-top: 88.7pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">A view is a virtual table which is based on the one or more physical tables and/or</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 153.9pt; mso-element-top: 106.1pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">views. In other words, a view is a named table that is represented, not by its own</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 153.9pt; mso-element-top: 123.5pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">physically separate stored data, but by its definition in terms of other named tables (base</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 153.9pt; mso-element-top: 140.9pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">tables or views).</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 165.05pt; mso-element-top: 189.3pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><b><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">Trigger –</span></b><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 225.9pt; mso-element-top: 189.3pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">A trigger is a procedure that is automatically invoked by the DBMS in the</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 165.05pt; mso-element-top: 206.65pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">response to specified ch anges to the database. Triggers may be used to supplement</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 165.05pt; mso-element-top: 224.0pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">declarative referential integrity, to enforce complex business rules or to audit changes to</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 165.05pt; mso-element-top: 241.4pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">data.</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 165.05pt; mso-element-top: 262.5pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><b><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">Command:</span></b><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 166.3pt; mso-element-top: 279.3pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 16.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">CREATE VIEW SUP_PART (SNO, NAME, PNO, PNAME) AS</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 254.45pt; mso-element-top: 305.9pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">SELECT S.S#, SNAME, P.P#, PNAME</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 299.15pt; mso-element-top: 323.3pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">FROM S, SP, P</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 299.15pt; mso-element-top: 340.7pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">WHERE S.S# = SP.S# AND P.P# = SP.P#</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 75.7pt; mso-element-top: 372.95pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><b><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">Q.12</span></b><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 153.9pt; mso-element-top: 372.95pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">Differentiate between the following:</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 654.1pt; mso-element-top: 372.95pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><b><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">(10)</span></b><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 146.45pt; mso-element-top: 406.5pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">(i) Theta Join. (ii) Equi Join. (iii) Natural Join</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 146.45pt; mso-element-top: 423.85pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">(iv) Outer Join.</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 75.7pt; mso-element-top: 456.15pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><b><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">Ans:(i) Theta Join –</span></b><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 291.7pt; mso-element-top: 456.15pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">The theta join operation is an extension to the natural-join</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 153.9pt; mso-element-top: 473.45pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">operation that allows us to combine selection and a Cartesian product into a single</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 153.9pt; mso-element-top: 489.65pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">operation. Consider relations</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 331.4pt; mso-element-top: 489.65pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><i><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">r(R)</span></i><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 356.2pt; mso-element-top: 489.65pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">and</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 386.0pt; mso-element-top: 489.65pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><i><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">s(S)</span></i><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 409.6pt; mso-element-top: 489.65pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">, and let be a predicate on attributes in the</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 153.9pt; mso-element-top: 508.25pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">schema</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 201.05pt; mso-element-top: 508.25pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><i><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">R</span></i><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 225.9pt; mso-element-top: 508.25pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><i><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">S</span></i><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 237.05pt; mso-element-top: 508.25pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">. The theta join operation</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 391.0pt; mso-element-top: 508.25pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><i><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">r</span></i><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 426.95pt; mso-element-top: 508.25pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><i><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">s</span></i><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 435.65pt; mso-element-top: 508.25pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">is defined as follows:</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 389.7pt; mso-element-top: 525.0pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><i><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 14.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">s</span></i><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 325.2pt; mso-element-top: 526.85pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><i><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">r</span></i><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 361.2pt; mso-element-top: 526.85pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><i><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">s =</span></i><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 402.1pt; mso-element-top: 526.85pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><i><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">(r x s)</span></i><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 146.45pt; mso-element-top: 544.25pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><b><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">(ii)</span></b><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 176.25pt; mso-element-top: 544.25pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><b><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">Equi Join –</span></b><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 254.45pt; mso-element-top: 544.25pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">It produces all the combinations of tuples from two relations that</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 176.25pt; mso-element-top: 560.35pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">satisfy a join condition with only equality comparison (=).</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 153.9pt; mso-element-top: 577.75pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><b><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">(iii)</span></b><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 209.75pt; mso-element-top: 577.75pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><b><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">Natural Join -</span></b><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 302.8pt; mso-element-top: 577.75pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">Same as equi-join except that the join attributes (having same</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 153.9pt; mso-element-top: 595.15pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">names) are not included in the resulting relation. Only one sets of domain compatible</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 153.9pt; mso-element-top: 612.5pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">attributes involved in the natural join are present.</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 153.9pt; mso-element-top: 629.9pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><b><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">(iv)</span></b><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 187.45pt; mso-element-top: 629.9pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><b><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">Outer Join -</span></b><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 268.1pt; mso-element-top: 629.9pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">If there ar e any values in on e table that do not h ave corresponding</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 153.9pt; mso-element-top: 646.0pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">value(s) in the other, in an equi-join that will not be selected. Such rows can be forcefully</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 153.9pt; mso-element-top: 663.4pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">selected by using the outer join. The corresponding columns for that row will have</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 675.15pt; mso-element-top: 678.9pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 14.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">X</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 153.9pt; mso-element-top: 683.25pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">NULLs. There are actually three forms of the outer-join operation: left outer join (</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 683.9pt; mso-element-top: 683.25pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">),</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 251.95pt; mso-element-top: 698.75pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 14.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">X</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 405.85pt; mso-element-top: 698.75pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 14.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">X</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 153.9pt; mso-element-top: 704.4pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">right outer join (</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 270.55pt; mso-element-top: 704.4pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">) and full outer join (</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 425.7pt; mso-element-top: 704.4pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">).</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 75.7pt; mso-element-top: 737.85pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><b><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">Q.13</span></b><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 105.5pt; mso-element-top: 737.85pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">What are temporary tables? When are they useful? Justify with an example.</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 661.5pt; mso-element-top: 737.85pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><b><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">(4)</span></b><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 75.7pt; mso-element-top: 770.1pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><b><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">Ans:</span></b><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 75.7pt; mso-element-top: 787.5pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">Temporary tables exists solely for a particular session, or whose data persists for the</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 153.9pt; mso-element-top: 803.65pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">duration of the transaction. The temporary tables are generally used to support specialized</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 153.9pt; mso-element-top: 821.0pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">rollups or specific application processing requirements. Unlike a p ermanent table, a space</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 153.9pt; mso-element-top: 838.4pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">is not allocated to a temporary table when it is created. Space will be dynamically</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 153.9pt; mso-element-top: 855.8pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">allocated for the table as rows are inserted. The CREATE GLOBAL TEMPORARY</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 153.9pt; mso-element-top: 873.15pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">TABLE command is used to create a temporary table in Oracle.</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 209.75pt; mso-element-top: 889.25pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">CREATE GLOBAL TEMPORARY TABLE <table_name> (</table_name></span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 7.1pt; padding-right: 7.1pt; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-frame-hspace: 7.1pt; mso-element-left: 230.85pt; mso-element-top: 281.75pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><img height="468" src="file:///C:/Users/arvind/AppData/Local/Temp/msohtmlclip1/01/clip_image002.jpg" v:shapes="_x0000_i1025" width="553" /><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 209.75pt; mso-element-top: 71.4pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;"><columns details=""></columns></span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 209.75pt; mso-element-top: 88.7pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">) ON COMMIT {PRESERVE|DELETE} ROWS;</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 75.7pt; mso-element-top: 123.5pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><b><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">Q.14</span></b><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 153.9pt; mso-element-top: 123.5pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">Draw and explain the three level architecture of the database system.</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 667.75pt; mso-element-top: 123.5pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><b><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">(7)</span></b><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 75.7pt; mso-element-top: 155.75pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><b><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">Ans:</span></b><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 75.7pt; mso-element-top: 171.9pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">A DBMS provides three levels of data is said to follow three-level architecture. The goal</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 153.9pt; mso-element-top: 189.3pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">of the three-schema architecture is to separate the user applications and the physical</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 153.9pt; mso-element-top: 206.65pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">database. The view at each of these levels is described by a schema. The processes of</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 153.9pt; mso-element-top: 224.0pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">transforming requests and results between lev els are called</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 510.15pt; mso-element-top: 224.0pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><i><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">mappings</span></i><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 568.45pt; mso-element-top: 224.0pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">. In this architecture,</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 153.9pt; mso-element-top: 241.4pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">schemas can be defined at the following three levels:</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 165.05pt; mso-element-top: 642.3pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><b><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">External Level or Subschema –</span></b><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 369.85pt; mso-element-top: 642.3pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">It is the highest level of database abstraction where</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 165.05pt; mso-element-top: 659.65pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">only those portions of the database of concern to a user or application program are</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 165.05pt; mso-element-top: 675.8pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">included. Any number o f user views (some of which may be identical) may exist for a</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 165.05pt; mso-element-top: 693.2pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">given global or conceptual view. Each external view is described b y means of a schema</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 165.05pt; mso-element-top: 710.6pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">called an</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 222.15pt; mso-element-top: 710.6pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><i><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">external schema</span></i><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 322.75pt; mso-element-top: 710.6pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">or</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 338.8pt; mso-element-top: 710.6pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><i><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">subschema</span></i><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 403.4pt; mso-element-top: 710.6pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">.</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 165.05pt; mso-element-top: 727.9pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><b><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">Conceptual Level or Conceptual Schema -</span></b><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 433.15pt; mso-element-top: 727.9pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">At th is level of database abstraction all the</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 165.05pt; mso-element-top: 745.3pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">database entities and the relationships among them are included. One conceptual view</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 165.05pt; mso-element-top: 761.45pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">represents the entire database. This conceptual view is defined by the</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 626.8pt; mso-element-top: 761.45pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><i><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">conceptual</span></i><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 165.05pt; mso-element-top: 778.85pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><i><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">schema</span></i><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 208.5pt; mso-element-top: 778.85pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">. There is only one conceptual schema per database. The description of data at</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 165.05pt; mso-element-top: 796.2pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">this level is in a format independent of its physical repr esentation. It also includes</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 165.05pt; mso-element-top: 813.55pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">featur es that specify the checks to retain data consistency and integrity.</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 165.05pt; mso-element-top: 830.95pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><b><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">Internal Level or Physical Schema –</span></b><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 395.9pt; mso-element-top: 830.95pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">It is closest to the physical storage method used.</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 165.05pt; mso-element-top: 847.1pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">It indicates how the d ata will be stored and describes the data structures and access</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 165.05pt; mso-element-top: 864.45pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">methods to be used by the database. The internal view is expressed by the</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-left: 644.15pt; mso-element-top: 864.45pt; mso-element-wrap: auto; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; font-style: italic; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">internal</span><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;"> <i>schema</i></span></div></td></tr>
</tbody></table></div></div></div>Anonymoushttp://www.blogger.com/profile/17584789907165764161noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-373343443959566174.post-85954216686782827122012-03-26T14:50:00.000-07:002012-03-26T14:50:17.230-07:00System Software And Operating System Important Descriptive Questions 4<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">System Software And Operating System Important Descriptive Questions 4<br />
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<div class="WordSection1"> <div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 102%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 45.45pt; margin-right: 21.45pt; margin-top: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; tab-stops: 45.0pt 409.0pt; text-autospace: none; text-indent: -39.5pt;"><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">Q<span style="letter-spacing: .2pt;">.</span>3<span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;">1</span>.<span style="letter-spacing: -2.35pt;"> </span><span> </span></span></b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; letter-spacing: .05pt;">W</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; letter-spacing: .15pt;">h</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">y<span style="letter-spacing: .95pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: .1pt;">i</span>s<span style="letter-spacing: 1.1pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;">se</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;">g</span><span style="letter-spacing: .1pt;">m</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;">e</span>nt<span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;">e</span>d<span style="letter-spacing: 1.2pt;"> </span>p<span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;">a</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;">g</span>i<span style="letter-spacing: .15pt;">n</span>g<span style="letter-spacing: 1.1pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: .1pt;">i</span>mpo<span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">r</span>t<span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;">a</span>nt<span style="letter-spacing: 1.15pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">(</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;">a</span>s<span style="letter-spacing: 1.2pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;">c</span>o<span style="letter-spacing: .1pt;">m</span>p<span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;">a</span><span style="letter-spacing: .1pt;">r</span><span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;">e</span>d<span style="letter-spacing: 1.2pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: .1pt;">t</span>o<span style="letter-spacing: 1.05pt;"> </span>a<span style="letter-spacing: 1.25pt;"> </span>p<span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;">ag</span><span style="letter-spacing: .1pt;">i</span>ng<span style="letter-spacing: 1.1pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: .2pt;">s</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.25pt;">y</span><span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;">s</span>t<span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;">e</span>m<span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">)</span>?<span style="letter-spacing: 1.25pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;">W</span>h<span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;">a</span>t<span style="letter-spacing: 1.3pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;">a</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">r</span>e<span style="letter-spacing: .1pt;"> </span>the<span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;"> </span>d<span style="letter-spacing: .1pt;">i</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">ff</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;">e</span><span style="letter-spacing: .1pt;">r</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;">e</span>nt<span style="letter-spacing: .2pt;"> </span>pi<span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;">e</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;">ce</span>s<span style="letter-spacing: .35pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: .15pt;">o</span>f<span style="letter-spacing: .1pt;"> </span>the<span style="letter-spacing: .4pt;"> </span>v<span style="letter-spacing: .1pt;">i</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">r</span>tu<span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;">a</span>l<span style="letter-spacing: .2pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;">a</span>dd<span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">r</span><span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;">e</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">s</span>s<span style="letter-spacing: .3pt;"> </span>in<span style="letter-spacing: .15pt;"> </span>a<span style="letter-spacing: .15pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;">se</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;">g</span><span style="letter-spacing: .25pt;">m</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;">e</span>nt<span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;">e</span>d<span style="letter-spacing: .1pt;"> </span>p<span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;">a</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;">g</span><span style="letter-spacing: .1pt;">i</span><span style="letter-spacing: .15pt;">n</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;">g</span>?<span style="letter-spacing: -2.4pt;"> </span><span> </span><b><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt; mso-font-width: 102%;">(</span><span>6)</span></b><o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 13.0pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: .2pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 45.45pt; margin-right: 377.4pt; margin-top: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;"><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; letter-spacing: .05pt; mso-font-width: 102%;">A</span></b><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; letter-spacing: -.15pt; mso-font-width: 102%;">n</span></b><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; letter-spacing: .05pt; mso-font-width: 102%;">s</span></b><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-font-width: 102%;">:</span></b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";"><o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 102%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 45.45pt; margin-right: 21.45pt; margin-top: .2pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; letter-spacing: .1pt;">P</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; letter-spacing: -.1pt;">ag</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">i<span style="letter-spacing: .15pt;">n</span>g <span style="letter-spacing: .35pt;"><span> </span></span><span style="letter-spacing: .15pt;">c</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;">a</span>n <span style="letter-spacing: .5pt;"><span> </span></span>be <span style="letter-spacing: .5pt;"><span> </span></span><span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;">s</span>up<span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;">e</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">r</span>i<span style="letter-spacing: .1pt;">m</span>po<span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">s</span><span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;">e</span>d <span style="letter-spacing: .5pt;"><span> </span></span>on <span style="letter-spacing: .45pt;"><span> </span></span>a <span style="letter-spacing: .5pt;"><span> </span></span><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">s</span><span style="letter-spacing: .15pt;">e</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;">g</span>m<span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;">e</span>nt <span style="letter-spacing: .6pt;"><span> </span></span>o<span style="letter-spacing: .1pt;">r</span>i<span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;">e</span>n<span style="letter-spacing: .1pt;">t</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;">e</span>d <span style="letter-spacing: .5pt;"><span> </span></span><span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;">a</span>dd<span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">r</span><span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;">e</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">s</span><span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;">s</span>i<span style="letter-spacing: .15pt;">n</span>g <span style="letter-spacing: .35pt;"><span> </span></span>m<span style="letter-spacing: .15pt;">e</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;">c</span><span style="letter-spacing: .15pt;">h</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;">a</span>n<span style="letter-spacing: .1pt;">i</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">s</span>m <span style="letter-spacing: .65pt;"><span> </span></span>to obt<span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;">a</span>in<span style="letter-spacing: .5pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;">e</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">ff</span>i<span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;">c</span><span style="letter-spacing: .1pt;">i</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;">e</span>nt<span style="letter-spacing: .7pt;"> </span>uti<span style="letter-spacing: .1pt;">l</span>i<span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;">za</span>ti<span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;">o</span>n<span style="letter-spacing: .8pt;"> </span>of<span style="letter-spacing: .6pt;"> </span>the<span style="letter-spacing: .8pt;"> </span>m<span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;">e</span><span style="letter-spacing: .1pt;">m</span>o<span style="letter-spacing: .1pt;">r</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.25pt;">y</span>.<span style="letter-spacing: .7pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">T</span>his<span style="letter-spacing: .65pt;"> </span>is<span style="letter-spacing: .7pt;"> </span>a<span style="letter-spacing: .65pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;">c</span><span style="letter-spacing: .1pt;">l</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;">e</span>v<span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;">e</span>r<span style="letter-spacing: .7pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">s</span><span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;">c</span><span style="letter-spacing: .15pt;">h</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;">e</span>me<span style="letter-spacing: .65pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;">w</span>ith<span style="letter-spacing: .75pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;">a</span><span style="letter-spacing: .15pt;">d</span>v<span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;">a</span>n<span style="letter-spacing: .1pt;">t</span><span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;">a</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;">ge</span>s<span style="letter-spacing: .1pt;"> </span>of<span style="letter-spacing: .1pt;"> </span>both<span style="letter-spacing: .35pt;"> </span><span>p<span style="letter-spacing: .15pt;">a</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;">g</span>i<span style="letter-spacing: .15pt;">n</span>g</span> <span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;">a</span>s<span style="letter-spacing: .3pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;">w</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;">e</span>ll<span style="letter-spacing: .4pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;">a</span>s<span style="letter-spacing: .3pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">s</span><span style="letter-spacing: .15pt;">e</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;">g</span>m<span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;">e</span>n<span style="letter-spacing: .1pt;">t</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;">a</span>t<span style="letter-spacing: .1pt;">i</span>on.<span style="letter-spacing: .3pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">I</span>n<span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;"> s</span>u<span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;">c</span>h<span style="letter-spacing: .35pt;"> </span>a<span style="letter-spacing: .25pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;">s</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;">c</span>h<span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;">e</span>me<span style="letter-spacing: .25pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;">e</span><span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;">ac</span>h<span style="letter-spacing: .1pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;">se</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;">g</span><span style="letter-spacing: .1pt;">m</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;">e</span>nt<span style="letter-spacing: .35pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;">w</span><span style="letter-spacing: .15pt;">o</span>u<span style="letter-spacing: .1pt;">l</span>d<span style="letter-spacing: .15pt;"> </span>h<span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;">a</span>ve<span style="letter-spacing: .1pt;"> </span>a<span style="letter-spacing: .75pt;"> </span>d<span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;">e</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">s</span><span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;">c</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">r</span>iptor<span style="letter-spacing: 1.15pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;">w</span><span style="letter-spacing: .1pt;">i</span>th<span style="letter-spacing: 1.0pt;"> </span><span>i<span style="letter-spacing: .1pt;">t</span>s</span><span style="letter-spacing: .8pt;"> </span>p<span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;">a</span>g<span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;">e</span>s<span style="letter-spacing: 1.0pt;"> </span>id<span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;">e</span>n<span style="letter-spacing: .1pt;">t</span>i<span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">f</span>i<span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;">e</span>d.<span style="letter-spacing: .95pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: .1pt;">S</span>o<span style="letter-spacing: .95pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;">w</span>e<span style="letter-spacing: .9pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: .15pt;">h</span><span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;">a</span>ve<span style="letter-spacing: 1.0pt;"> </span>to<span style="letter-spacing: 1.0pt;"> </span>now<span style="letter-spacing: 1.25pt;"> </span>u<span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;">s</span>e<span style="letter-spacing: .85pt;"> </span>th<span style="letter-spacing: .1pt;">r</span><span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;">e</span>e<span style="letter-spacing: .9pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;">s</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;">e</span><span style="letter-spacing: .1pt;">t</span>s<span style="letter-spacing: .9pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: .15pt;">o</span>f<span style="letter-spacing: .9pt;"> </span>o<span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">ff</span><span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;">s</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;">e</span><span style="letter-spacing: .1pt;">t</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">s</span>.<span style="letter-spacing: .1pt;"> </span>Fi<span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">r</span><span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;">s</span>t, <span style="letter-spacing: 1.15pt;"><span> </span></span>a <span style="letter-spacing: 1.35pt;"><span> </span></span><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">s</span><span style="letter-spacing: .15pt;">e</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;">g</span>m<span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;">e</span>nt <span style="letter-spacing: 1.3pt;"><span> </span></span><span style="letter-spacing: .15pt; mso-font-width: 102%;">o</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt; mso-font-width: 102%;">ff</span><span style="letter-spacing: .05pt; mso-font-width: 102%;">s</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt; mso-font-width: 102%;">e</span><span>t</span> <span style="letter-spacing: 1.35pt;"><span> </span></span><span>h<span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;">e</span><span style="letter-spacing: .1pt;">l</span>ps <span style="letter-spacing: 1.15pt;"><span> </span></span></span>to <span style="letter-spacing: 1.4pt;"><span> </span></span>id<span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;">e</span>n<span style="letter-spacing: .1pt;">t</span>i<span style="letter-spacing: .2pt;">f</span>y <span style="letter-spacing: 1.15pt;"><span> </span></span><span style="letter-spacing: .1pt;">t</span>he <span style="letter-spacing: 1.2pt;"><span> </span></span><span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;">s</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;">e</span>t <span style="letter-spacing: 1.3pt;"><span> </span></span>of <span style="letter-spacing: 1.35pt;"><span> </span></span><span style="letter-spacing: .15pt;">p</span><span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;">a</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;">ge</span><span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;">s</span>. <span style="letter-spacing: 1.4pt;"><span> </span></span><span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;">N</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;">e</span><span style="letter-spacing: .15pt;">x</span>t, <span style="letter-spacing: 1.3pt;"><span> </span></span><span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;">w</span>ith<span style="letter-spacing: .1pt;">i</span>n <span style="letter-spacing: 1.25pt;"><span> </span></span><span style="letter-spacing: .1pt;">t</span>he <span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;">c</span>o<span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">rr</span><span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;">e</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">s</span>pond<span style="letter-spacing: .1pt;">i</span><span style="letter-spacing: .15pt;">n</span>g<span style="letter-spacing: 1.7pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: .15pt;">p</span><span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;">a</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;">g</span>e<span style="letter-spacing: 1.95pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: .1pt;">t</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;">a</span>b<span style="letter-spacing: .1pt;">l</span>e<span style="letter-spacing: 1.9pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">(f</span>or<span style="letter-spacing: 1.95pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: .1pt; mso-font-width: 102%;">t</span><span>he</span> <span style="letter-spacing: -.65pt;"><span> </span></span><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">s</span><span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;">e</span>gm<span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;">e</span>n<span style="letter-spacing: .1pt;">t</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">)</span>,<span style="letter-spacing: 1.95pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;">w</span>e<span style="letter-spacing: 2.1pt;"> </span>n<span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;">e</span><span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;">e</span>d<span style="letter-spacing: 1.9pt;"> </span>to<span style="letter-spacing: 2.1pt;"> </span>id<span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;">e</span>n<span style="letter-spacing: .1pt;">t</span>i<span style="letter-spacing: .2pt;">f</span>y<span style="letter-spacing: 1.7pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: .1pt;">t</span><span style="letter-spacing: .15pt;">h</span>e<span style="letter-spacing: 1.75pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;">e</span><span style="letter-spacing: .15pt;">x</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;">a</span><span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;">c</span>t<span style="letter-spacing: 1.9pt;"> </span>p<span style="letter-spacing: .15pt;">a</span>ge<span style="letter-spacing: .1pt;"> </span>t<span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;">a</span>bl<span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;">e</span>.<span style="letter-spacing: 1.5pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: .1pt;">T</span>his<span style="letter-spacing: 1.6pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: .1pt;">i</span>s<span style="letter-spacing: 1.45pt;"> </span>done<span style="letter-spacing: 1.9pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: .15pt;">b</span>y<span style="letter-spacing: 1.3pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: .15pt;">u</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">s</span><span style="letter-spacing: .1pt;">i</span>ng<span style="letter-spacing: 1.45pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: .1pt;">t</span>he<span style="letter-spacing: 1.55pt;"> </span>p<span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;">a</span>ge<span style="letter-spacing: 1.6pt;"> </span><span>t<span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;">a</span>ble</span> <span style="letter-spacing: -1.0pt;"><span> </span></span>p<span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;">a</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">r</span>t<span style="letter-spacing: 1.75pt;"> </span>of<span style="letter-spacing: 1.7pt;"> </span>the<span style="letter-spacing: 1.75pt;"> </span>vi<span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">r</span><span style="letter-spacing: .1pt;">t</span>u<span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;">a</span>l<span style="letter-spacing: 1.7pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;">a</span>dd<span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">r</span><span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;">e</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">s</span><span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;">s</span>.<span style="letter-spacing: 1.5pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;">O</span>n<span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;">c</span>e<span style="letter-spacing: 1.65pt;"> </span>the<span style="letter-spacing: .25pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;">e</span><span style="letter-spacing: .15pt;">x</span><span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;">a</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;">c</span>t<span style="letter-spacing: 1.3pt;"> </span>p<span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;">a</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;">g</span>e<span style="letter-spacing: 1.35pt;"> </span>h<span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;">a</span>s<span style="letter-spacing: 1.25pt;"> </span>b<span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;">e</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;">e</span>n<span style="letter-spacing: 1.45pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: .1pt;">i</span>d<span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;">e</span>nt<span style="letter-spacing: .1pt;">i</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">f</span>i<span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;">e</span>d,<span style="letter-spacing: 1.2pt;"> </span>the<span style="letter-spacing: 1.5pt;"> </span>o<span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">ff</span><span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;">s</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;">e</span>t<span style="letter-spacing: 1.4pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: .1pt;">i</span>s<span style="letter-spacing: 1.3pt;"> </span>u<span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;">s</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.2pt;">e</span>d<span style="letter-spacing: 1.45pt;"> </span><span>to</span><span style="letter-spacing: 1.35pt;"> </span>ob<span style="letter-spacing: .1pt;">t</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;">a</span>in<span style="letter-spacing: 1.4pt;"> </span>m<span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;">a</span>in<span style="letter-spacing: 1.5pt;"> </span>m<span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;">e</span>mo<span style="letter-spacing: -.15pt;">r</span>y<span style="letter-spacing: 1.35pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;">a</span>dd<span style="letter-spacing: .1pt;">r</span><span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;">e</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">s</span>s <span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">r</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;">e</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">f</span><span style="letter-spacing: .15pt;">e</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">r</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;">e</span>n<span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;">ce</span>.<span style="letter-spacing: .9pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: .1pt;">T</span><span style="letter-spacing: .15pt;">h</span>e<span style="letter-spacing: 1.0pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">f</span>in<span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;">a</span>l<span style="letter-spacing: 1.15pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;">a</span>dd<span style="letter-spacing: .1pt;">r</span><span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;">e</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">s</span>s<span style="letter-spacing: 1.15pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">r</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;">e</span><span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;">s</span>olu<span style="letter-spacing: .1pt;">t</span>ion<span style="letter-spacing: 1.05pt;"> </span>is<span style="letter-spacing: 1.2pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;">e</span><span style="letter-spacing: .15pt;">x</span><span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;">a</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;">c</span>t<span style="letter-spacing: .25pt;">l</span>y<span style="letter-spacing: 1.1pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">s</span><span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;">a</span>me<span style="letter-spacing: 1.0pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;">a</span>s<span style="letter-spacing: 1.0pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: .1pt; mso-font-width: 102%;">i</span><span>n</span><span style="letter-spacing: 1.0pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: .15pt;">p</span><span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;">a</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;">g</span>in<span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;">g</span>.<span style="letter-spacing: 1.25pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">T</span>he<span style="letter-spacing: 1.1pt;"> </span>d<span style="letter-spacing: .1pt;">i</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">ff</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;">e</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">r</span><span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;">e</span>nt<span style="letter-spacing: .1pt;"> </span>pi<span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;">e</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;">ce</span>s<span style="letter-spacing: .2pt;"> </span>of<span style="letter-spacing: .15pt;"> </span>vi<span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">r</span><span style="letter-spacing: .1pt;">t</span>u<span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;">a</span>l<span style="letter-spacing: .4pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;">a</span>dd<span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">r</span><span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;">e</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">s</span>s<span style="letter-spacing: .15pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: .25pt;">i</span>n<span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;"> </span>a<span style="letter-spacing: .15pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;">se</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;">g</span>m<span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;">e</span>nt<span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;">e</span>d<span style="letter-spacing: .25pt;"> </span>p<span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;">a</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;">g</span><span style="letter-spacing: .1pt;">i</span><span style="letter-spacing: .15pt;">n</span>g is<span style="letter-spacing: .45pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;">a</span>s<span style="letter-spacing: .15pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;">s</span>ho<span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;">w</span>n<span style="letter-spacing: .25pt;"> </span><span>b<span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;">e</span><span style="letter-spacing: .1pt;">l</span>o<span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;">w</span>:</span><o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 7.5pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: .3pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;"><br />
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</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 7.6pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;"><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">Q<span style="letter-spacing: .2pt;">.</span>3<span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;">2</span>.<span> </span><span style="letter-spacing: .5pt;"><span> </span></span></span></b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; letter-spacing: .05pt;">C</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">on<span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">s</span><span style="letter-spacing: .1pt;">i</span>d<span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;">e</span>r<span style="letter-spacing: .25pt;"> </span>the<span style="letter-spacing: .3pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">s</span><span style="letter-spacing: .1pt;">i</span>t<span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;">u</span><span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;">a</span>tion<span style="letter-spacing: .25pt;"> </span>in<span style="letter-spacing: .15pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;">w</span>hi<span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;">c</span>h<span style="letter-spacing: .15pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: .1pt;">t</span>he<span style="letter-spacing: .1pt;"> </span>di<span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;">s</span>k<span style="letter-spacing: .3pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">r</span><span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;">ea</span>d/<span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;">w</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">r</span>ite<span style="letter-spacing: .1pt;"> </span>h<span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;">ea</span>d<span style="letter-spacing: .1pt;"> i</span>s<span style="letter-spacing: .1pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;">c</span><span style="letter-spacing: .15pt;">u</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">rr</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;">e</span>n<span style="letter-spacing: .1pt;">t</span><span style="letter-spacing: .25pt;">l</span>y<span style="letter-spacing: .1pt;"> </span>lo<span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;">c</span><span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;">a</span>t<span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;">e</span>d<span style="letter-spacing: .4pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;">a</span>t<span style="letter-spacing: .2pt;"> </span><span>t<span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">r</span><span style="letter-spacing: .15pt;">a</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;">c</span>k</span><o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 102%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 37.25pt; margin-right: 21.3pt; margin-top: .3pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; tab-stops: 405.0pt; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">45<span style="letter-spacing: .2pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">(</span>of<span style="letter-spacing: .15pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: .1pt;">t</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">r</span><span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;">a</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;">c</span>ks<span style="letter-spacing: .25pt;"> </span>0<span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">-</span>255)<span style="letter-spacing: .45pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;">a</span>nd<span style="letter-spacing: .35pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: .1pt;">m</span>oving<span style="letter-spacing: .3pt;"> </span>in<span style="letter-spacing: .3pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: .1pt;">t</span>he<span style="letter-spacing: .1pt;"> </span>po<span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;">s</span>i<span style="letter-spacing: .1pt;">t</span>ive<span style="letter-spacing: .35pt;"> </span>di<span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">r</span><span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;">e</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;">c</span>t<span style="letter-spacing: .1pt;">i</span>on.<span style="letter-spacing: .35pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;">A</span><span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;">ss</span>ume<span style="letter-spacing: .3pt;"> </span>th<span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;">a</span>t<span style="letter-spacing: .4pt;"> </span>the<span style="letter-spacing: .55pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">f</span>ol<span style="letter-spacing: .1pt;">l</span>o<span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;">w</span><span style="letter-spacing: .1pt;">i</span>ng <span style="letter-spacing: .1pt;">t</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">r</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;">ac</span>k<span style="letter-spacing: .25pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">r</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;">e</span>q<span style="letter-spacing: .15pt;">u</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;">e</span><span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;">s</span>ts<span style="letter-spacing: .35pt;"> </span>h<span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;">a</span>ve<span style="letter-spacing: .25pt;"> </span>b<span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;">e</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;">e</span>n<span style="letter-spacing: .35pt;"> </span>m<span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;">a</span>de<span style="letter-spacing: .3pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: .1pt;">i</span>n<span style="letter-spacing: .2pt;"> </span>th<span style="letter-spacing: .1pt;">i</span>s<span style="letter-spacing: .35pt;"> </span>o<span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">r</span>d<span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;">e</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">r</span>:<span style="letter-spacing: .35pt;"> </span>40,<span style="letter-spacing: .45pt;"> </span>67,<span style="letter-spacing: .45pt;"> </span>11,<span style="letter-spacing: .45pt;"> </span>240,<span style="letter-spacing: .55pt;"> </span>87.<span style="letter-spacing: .45pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;">W</span>h<span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;">a</span>t<span style="letter-spacing: .3pt;"> </span>is<span style="letter-spacing: .45pt;"> </span>t<span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;">h</span>e<span style="letter-spacing: .2pt;"> </span>o<span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">r</span>d<span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;">e</span>r<span style="letter-spacing: .3pt;"> </span>in<span style="letter-spacing: .15pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;">w</span>hi<span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;">c</span>h<span style="letter-spacing: 1.2pt;"> </span>op<span style="letter-spacing: .1pt;">t</span>im<span style="letter-spacing: .1pt;">i</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">s</span><span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;">e</span>d<span style="letter-spacing: 1.55pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;">C</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">-</span>S<span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;">CA</span>N<span style="letter-spacing: 1.4pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;">w</span>ould<span 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fillcolor="black" stroked="f"> <v:path arrowok="t"/> </v:shape></v:group><w:wrap anchorx="page"/> </v:group><![endif]--><!--[if !vml]--><span style="height: 150px; left: 0px; margin-left: 169px; margin-top: 42px; mso-ignore: vglayout; position: absolute; width: 475px; z-index: -4;"><img height="150" src="file:///C:/Users/arvind/AppData/Local/Temp/msohtmlclip1/01/clip_image004.gif" v:shapes="_x0000_s1036 _x0000_s1037 _x0000_s1038 _x0000_s1039 _x0000_s1040 _x0000_s1041 _x0000_s1042 _x0000_s1043 _x0000_s1044 _x0000_s1045 _x0000_s1046 _x0000_s1047 _x0000_s1048 _x0000_s1049 _x0000_s1050 _x0000_s1051 _x0000_s1052 _x0000_s1053 _x0000_s1054 _x0000_s1055 _x0000_s1056 _x0000_s1057 _x0000_s1058 _x0000_s1059 _x0000_s1060 _x0000_s1061" width="475" /></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">0<span style="letter-spacing: -2.65pt;"> </span><span> </span>11<span style="letter-spacing: -2.3pt;"> </span><span> </span>40<span style="letter-spacing: .35pt;"> </span>45<span style="letter-spacing: -2.3pt;"> </span><span> </span>67<span style="letter-spacing: -2.3pt;"> </span><span> </span>87<span style="letter-spacing: -2.3pt;"> </span><span> </span>240<span style="letter-spacing: -2.2pt;"> </span><span> </span><span>255</span><o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 10.0pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 10.0pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 10.0pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 10.0pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 10.0pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 10.0pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 10.0pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 10.0pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 10.0pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 10.0pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 10.0pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 10.0pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 10.0pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 13.0pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: .1pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 41.45pt; margin-right: 37.8pt; margin-top: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; letter-spacing: -.05pt;">T</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">o<span style="letter-spacing: .1pt;">t</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;">a</span>l<span style="letter-spacing: .25pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;">s</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;">ee</span>k<span style="letter-spacing: .25pt;"> </span><span>di<span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;">s</span>t<span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;">a</span>n<span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;">ce</span>=<span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">(</span>67<span style="letter-spacing: .1pt;">-</span>45<span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">)</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;">+</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">(</span>87<span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">-</span>6<span style="letter-spacing: .15pt;">7</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">)</span>+<span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">(</span>24<span style="letter-spacing: .15pt;">0</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">-</span>87<span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">)</span><span style="letter-spacing: .15pt;">+</span><span style="letter-spacing: .1pt;">(</span>255<span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">-</span>240<span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">)</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;">+</span>255<span style="letter-spacing: .15pt;">+</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">(</span>11<span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">-</span>0<span style="letter-spacing: .1pt;">)</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;">+</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">(</span><span style="letter-spacing: .15pt;">4</span>0<span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">-</span>11)</span><o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 92.2pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: .3pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-font-width: 102%;">=22<span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;">+</span>20+15<span style="letter-spacing: .15pt;">3</span>+15<span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;">+</span>2<span style="letter-spacing: .15pt;">5</span>5+11<span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;">+</span>29</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";"><o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 89.45pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: .3pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; letter-spacing: -.1pt; mso-font-width: 102%;">=</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-font-width: 102%;">505</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";"><o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 13.0pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: .25pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 102%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 37.25pt; margin-right: 21.45pt; margin-top: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; tab-stops: 45.0pt 405.0pt; text-autospace: none; text-indent: -29.65pt;"><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-font-width: 102%;">Q<span style="letter-spacing: .2pt;">.</span>3<span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;">3</span>.</span></b><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";"><span> </span></span></b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; letter-spacing: -.15pt; mso-font-width: 102%;">E</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; letter-spacing: .15pt; mso-font-width: 102%;">x</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-font-width: 102%;">p<span style="letter-spacing: .1pt;">l</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;">a</span>in</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; letter-spacing: .85pt;"> </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; letter-spacing: .05pt;">a</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; letter-spacing: .15pt;">n</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">y<span style="letter-spacing: .7pt;"> </span>t<span style="letter-spacing: .15pt;">h</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">r</span><span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;">e</span>e<span style="letter-spacing: .95pt;"> </span>poli<span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;">c</span>i<span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;">e</span>s<span style="letter-spacing: 1.35pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">f</span>or<span style="letter-spacing: .85pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: .15pt;">p</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">r</span>o<span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;">c</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;">e</span><span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;">s</span>s<span style="letter-spacing: 1.0pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;">sc</span>h<span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;">e</span>duling<span style="letter-spacing: .85pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: .1pt;">t</span><span style="letter-spacing: .15pt;">h</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;">a</span>t<span style="letter-spacing: .9pt;"> </span>u<span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;">s</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;">e</span>s<span style="letter-spacing: 1.15pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">r</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;">e</span><span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;">s</span>ou<span style="letter-spacing: .1pt;">r</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;">c</span>e<span style="letter-spacing: 1.05pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt; mso-font-width: 102%;">c</span><span>on<span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;">s</span>ump<span style="letter-spacing: .1pt;">t</span>ion <span style="letter-spacing: .1pt;">i</span>n<span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">f</span>o<span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">r</span>m<span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;">a</span><span style="letter-spacing: .1pt;">t</span>ion.</span> <span style="letter-spacing: .1pt;"><span> </span></span><span style="letter-spacing: .15pt;">W</span>h<span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;">a</span>t<span style="letter-spacing: .3pt;"> </span>is<span style="letter-spacing: .2pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">r</span><span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;">e</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">s</span>pon<span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;">s</span>e<span style="letter-spacing: .1pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">r</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;">a</span><span style="letter-spacing: .1pt;">t</span>io?<span style="letter-spacing: -2.45pt;"> </span><span> </span><b><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt; mso-font-width: 102%;">(</span><span>8)</span></b><o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 10.0pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 10.0pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 10.0pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 10.0pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 12.0pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: .7pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;"><br />
</div><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 212.15pt; margin-right: 215.9pt; margin-top: 1.4pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: center; text-autospace: none;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-font-width: 102%;">32</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";"><o:p></o:p></span></div></div><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 11.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;"><br clear="all" style="mso-break-type: section-break; page-break-before: always;" /> </span> <div class="WordSection3"> <div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 7.6pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 3.0pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; tab-stops: 246.0pt; text-autospace: none;"><b><u><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; letter-spacing: .05pt;">D</span></u></b><b><u><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; letter-spacing: -.1pt;">C</span></u></b><b><u><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">14 <span> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -.15pt;">S</span>y<span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;">s</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">t</span><span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;">e</span>m<span style="letter-spacing: .15pt;"> </span>So<span style="letter-spacing: .1pt;">f</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">t</span><span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;">w</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;">a</span><span style="letter-spacing: .15pt;">r</span>e and<span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: .1pt;">O</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.15pt;">p</span><span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;">er</span>a<span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">t</span>ing<span style="letter-spacing: .1pt;"> </span>Sy<span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;">s</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">t</span><span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;">e</span>m</span></u></b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";"><o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 11.0pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: .85pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 37.25pt; margin-right: 5.3in; margin-top: 1.4pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;"><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; letter-spacing: .05pt; mso-font-width: 102%;">A</span></b><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-font-width: 102%;">n<span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">s</span>:</span></b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";"><o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 41.45pt; margin-right: 99.6pt; margin-top: .05pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; letter-spacing: -.05pt;">T</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">h<span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">r</span><span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;">e</span>e<span style="letter-spacing: .2pt;"> </span>poli<span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;">c</span>i<span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;">e</span>s<span style="letter-spacing: .5pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">f</span>or<span style="letter-spacing: .15pt;"> </span>p<span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">r</span><span style="letter-spacing: .15pt;">o</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;">c</span><span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;">es</span>s<span style="letter-spacing: .15pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;">s</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;">c</span>h<span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;">e</span>duling<span style="letter-spacing: .25pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;">a</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">r</span>e<span style="letter-spacing: .15pt;"> d</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;">e</span><span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;">s</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;">c</span><span style="letter-spacing: .1pt;">r</span>ib<span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;">e</span>d<span style="letter-spacing: .25pt;"> </span>b<span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;">e</span>low<span style="letter-spacing: .15pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: .1pt;">i</span>n<span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;"> </span><span>b<span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">r</span><span style="letter-spacing: .1pt;">i</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;">e</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">f</span>:</span><o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 41.45pt; margin-right: 199.7pt; margin-top: .55pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;"><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">1.<span style="letter-spacing: .1pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">F</span>i<span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;">rs</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">t-</span><span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;">c</span>o<span style="letter-spacing: -.15pt;">m</span>e<span style="letter-spacing: .4pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">F</span>i<span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;">rs</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">t-s</span><span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;">er</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;">v</span><span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;">e</span>d<span style="letter-spacing: .2pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">(</span><span style="letter-spacing: .1pt;">F</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;">C</span><span style="letter-spacing: .1pt;">F</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.15pt;">S</span>)<span style="letter-spacing: .25pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt; mso-font-width: 102%;">(F</span><span style="letter-spacing: .05pt; mso-font-width: 102%;">I</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt; mso-font-width: 102%;">F</span><span style="letter-spacing: .1pt; mso-font-width: 102%;">O</span><span>)</span></span></b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";"><o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 75.3pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: .05pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">– <span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;">J</span>obs<span style="letter-spacing: .15pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;">a</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">r</span>e<span style="letter-spacing: .15pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">s</span><span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;">c</span>h<span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;">e</span>dul<span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;">e</span>d<span style="letter-spacing: .1pt;"> </span>in<span style="letter-spacing: .3pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: .15pt;">o</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">r</span>d<span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;">e</span>r<span style="letter-spacing: .2pt;"> </span>of<span style="letter-spacing: .25pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: .05pt; mso-font-width: 102%;">a</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt; mso-font-width: 102%;">rr</span><span>iv<span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;">a</span>l</span><o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 75.3pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: .3pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">– <span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt; mso-font-width: 102%;">N</span><span>on<span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">-</span>p<span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">r</span><span style="letter-spacing: .15pt;">e</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;">e</span>mp<span style="letter-spacing: .1pt;">t</span>ive</span><o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 55.6pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: .3pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">•<span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;"> </span><b><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt; mso-font-width: 102%;">P</span><span style="letter-spacing: .15pt; mso-font-width: 102%;">r</span><span>o<span style="letter-spacing: -.15pt;">b</span><span style="letter-spacing: .1pt;">l</span><span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;">e</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.15pt;">m</span>:</span></b><o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 75.3pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: .3pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">– <span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;">A</span>v<span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;">e</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">r</span><span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;">a</span>ge<span style="letter-spacing: .2pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;">w</span><span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;">a</span>it<span style="letter-spacing: .1pt;">i</span><span style="letter-spacing: .15pt;">n</span>g<span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: .1pt;">t</span>ime<span style="letter-spacing: .1pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;">ca</span>n<span style="letter-spacing: .1pt;"> </span>be<span style="letter-spacing: .25pt;"> </span>l<span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;">a</span><span style="letter-spacing: .1pt;">r</span>ge<span style="letter-spacing: .1pt;"> </span>if<span style="letter-spacing: .1pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;">s</span>m<span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;">a</span>ll<span style="letter-spacing: .2pt;"> </span>jobs<span style="letter-spacing: .4pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;">w</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;">a</span><span style="letter-spacing: .1pt;">i</span>t<span style="letter-spacing: .25pt;"> </span>b<span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;">e</span>hind<span style="letter-spacing: .25pt;"> </span>long<span style="letter-spacing: .35pt;"> </span><span>o<span style="letter-spacing: .15pt;">n</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;">e</span>s</span><o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 75.3pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: .4pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">– <span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">M</span><span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;">a</span>y<span style="letter-spacing: .1pt;"> </span>l<span style="letter-spacing: .15pt;">e</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;">a</span>d<span style="letter-spacing: .2pt;"> </span>to<span style="letter-spacing: .15pt;"> </span>poor<span style="letter-spacing: .45pt;"> </span>ov<span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;">e</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">r</span><span style="letter-spacing: .1pt;">l</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;">a</span>p<span style="letter-spacing: .2pt;"> </span>of<span style="letter-spacing: .35pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -.15pt;">I</span>/O<span style="letter-spacing: .1pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;">a</span>nd<span style="letter-spacing: .1pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;">C</span><span style="letter-spacing: .1pt;">P</span>U<span style="letter-spacing: .2pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;">a</span>nd<span style="letter-spacing: .35pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;">c</span>onv<span style="letter-spacing: .15pt;">o</span>y <span style="letter-spacing: .05pt; mso-font-width: 102%;">e</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt; mso-font-width: 102%;">ff</span><span style="letter-spacing: .05pt; mso-font-width: 102%;">ec</span><span>ts</span><o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 9.0pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: .45pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 41.45pt; margin-right: 272.9pt; margin-top: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;"><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">2</span></b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">.<span style="letter-spacing: .2pt;"> </span><b>S<span style="letter-spacing: -.15pt;">h</span>o<span style="letter-spacing: .15pt;">r</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">t</span><span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;">es</span>t<span style="letter-spacing: .2pt;"> </span>Job<span style="letter-spacing: .4pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: .1pt;">F</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.15pt;">i</span><span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;">rs</span>t<span style="letter-spacing: .2pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt; mso-font-width: 102%;">(</span><span>SJ<span style="letter-spacing: .1pt;">F</span>)</span></b><o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 75.3pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: .3pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">– <span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;">C</span>hoo<span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">s</span>e<span style="letter-spacing: .2pt;"> </span>the<span style="letter-spacing: .3pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: .1pt;">j</span>ob<span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;"> w</span>ith<span style="letter-spacing: .3pt;"> </span>the<span style="letter-spacing: .3pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;">s</span>ho<span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">r</span>t<span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;">e</span><span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;">s</span>t<span style="letter-spacing: .2pt;"> </span>n<span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;">e</span><span style="letter-spacing: .15pt;">x</span>t<span style="letter-spacing: .2pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;">C</span><span style="letter-spacing: .1pt;">P</span>U<span style="letter-spacing: .2pt;"> </span><span>bu<span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">rs</span>t</span><o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 75.3pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: .3pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">– P<span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">r</span>ov<span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;">a</span>b<span style="letter-spacing: .1pt;">l</span>y<span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;"> </span>op<span style="letter-spacing: .1pt;">t</span>im<span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;">a</span>l<span style="letter-spacing: .3pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">f</span>or<span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: .1pt;">mi</span>nim<span style="letter-spacing: .1pt;">i</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;">z</span>ing<span style="letter-spacing: .15pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;">a</span>v<span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;">e</span><span style="letter-spacing: .1pt;">r</span><span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;">a</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;">g</span>e<span style="letter-spacing: .15pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;">wa</span>it<span style="letter-spacing: .1pt;">i</span>ng<span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: .1pt; mso-font-width: 102%;">t</span><span>ime</span><o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 52.7pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: .3pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">•<span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;"> </span><b><span style="letter-spacing: .1pt; mso-font-width: 102%;">P</span><span style="letter-spacing: .05pt; mso-font-width: 102%;">r</span><span>obl<span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;">e</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.15pt;">m</span>:</span></b><o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 75.3pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: .3pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">– <span style="letter-spacing: -.15pt;">I</span>mpo<span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;">s</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">s</span><span style="letter-spacing: .1pt;">i</span>ble<span style="letter-spacing: .1pt;"> </span>to<span style="letter-spacing: .3pt;"> </span>know<span style="letter-spacing: .5pt;"> </span>the<span style="letter-spacing: .4pt;"> </span>l<span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;">e</span>n<span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;">g</span>th<span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;"> </span>of<span style="letter-spacing: .25pt;"> </span>the<span style="letter-spacing: .3pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: .15pt;">n</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;">e</span><span style="letter-spacing: .15pt;">x</span>t<span style="letter-spacing: .2pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;">C</span><span style="letter-spacing: .1pt;">P</span>U<span style="letter-spacing: .2pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt; mso-font-width: 102%;">b</span><span>u<span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">r</span><span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;">s</span>t</span><o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 44.3pt; margin-right: 297.25pt; margin-top: .55pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;"><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">3. <span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;">R</span>ound<span style="letter-spacing: .25pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt; mso-font-width: 102%;">R</span><span>obi<span style="letter-spacing: .1pt;">n</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">(</span><span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;">R</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;">R</span>)</span></span></b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";"><o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 75.3pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: .05pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">– <span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;">O</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">f</span><span style="letter-spacing: .1pt;">t</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;">e</span>n<span style="letter-spacing: .15pt;"> </span>u<span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;">s</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;">e</span>d<span style="letter-spacing: .25pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">f</span><span style="letter-spacing: .15pt;">o</span>r<span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: .1pt; mso-font-width: 102%;">t</span><span>im<span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;">e</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">s</span>h<span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;">a</span><span style="letter-spacing: .1pt;">r</span>ing</span><o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 75.3pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: .3pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">– <span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;">R</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;">ea</span><span style="letter-spacing: .15pt;">d</span>y<span style="letter-spacing: .15pt;"> </span>qu<span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;">e</span>ue<span style="letter-spacing: .25pt;"> </span>is<span style="letter-spacing: .2pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: .1pt;">t</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">r</span><span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;">e</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;">a</span><span style="letter-spacing: .1pt;">t</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;">e</span>d<span style="letter-spacing: .3pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;">a</span>s<span style="letter-spacing: .15pt;"> </span>a<span style="letter-spacing: .15pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;">c</span><span style="letter-spacing: .1pt;">ir</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;">c</span>ul<span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;">a</span>r<span style="letter-spacing: .1pt;"> </span>qu<span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;">e</span><span style="letter-spacing: .15pt;">u</span>e<span style="letter-spacing: .25pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: .1pt; mso-font-width: 102%;">(F</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.15pt; mso-font-width: 102%;">I</span><span style="letter-spacing: .1pt; mso-font-width: 102%;">F</span><span style="letter-spacing: .05pt; mso-font-width: 102%;">O</span><span>)</span><o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 75.3pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: .3pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">– <span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">E</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;">a</span><span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;">c</span>h<span style="letter-spacing: .1pt;"> </span>p<span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">r</span><span style="letter-spacing: .15pt;">o</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;">c</span><span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;">e</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">s</span>s<span style="letter-spacing: .3pt;"> </span>is<span style="letter-spacing: .35pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;">g</span>iv<span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;">e</span>n<span style="letter-spacing: .1pt;"> </span>a<span style="letter-spacing: .25pt;"> </span>t<span style="letter-spacing: .1pt;">i</span>me<span style="letter-spacing: .1pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;">s</span>li<span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;">c</span>e<span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;"> c</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;">a</span>l<span style="letter-spacing: .1pt;">l</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;">e</span>d<span style="letter-spacing: .25pt;"> </span>a<span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;"> </span><i><span>quan<span style="letter-spacing: .25pt;">t</span>um</span></i><o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 75.3pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: .4pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">– <span style="letter-spacing: -.15pt;">I</span>t<span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: .1pt;">i</span>s<span style="letter-spacing: .1pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">r</span>un<span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">f</span><span style="letter-spacing: .15pt;">o</span>r<span style="letter-spacing: .15pt;"> </span>the<span style="letter-spacing: .3pt;"> </span>qu<span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;">a</span>n<span style="letter-spacing: .1pt;">t</span><span style="letter-spacing: .15pt;">u</span>m<span style="letter-spacing: .35pt;"> </span>or<span style="letter-spacing: .15pt;"> </span>unt<span style="letter-spacing: .1pt;">i</span>l<span style="letter-spacing: .35pt;"> </span>it<span style="letter-spacing: .2pt;"> </span><span>blo<span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;">c</span>ks</span><o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 102%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 75.3pt; margin-right: 24.35pt; margin-top: .3pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">– <span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;">R</span>R<span style="letter-spacing: .2pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;">a</span><span style="letter-spacing: .1pt;">l</span>lo<span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;">c</span><span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;">a</span>t<span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;">e</span>s<span style="letter-spacing: .3pt;"> </span>the<span style="letter-spacing: .3pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;">C</span>PU<span style="letter-spacing: .3pt;"> </span>uni<span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">f</span>o<span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">r</span>m<span style="letter-spacing: .1pt;">l</span>y<span style="letter-spacing: .15pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: .1pt;">(</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">f</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;">a</span><span style="letter-spacing: .1pt;">i</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">r</span><span style="letter-spacing: .25pt;">l</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.25pt;">y</span>)<span style="letter-spacing: .25pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;">ac</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">r</span>o<span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;">s</span>s<span style="letter-spacing: .3pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;">a</span><span style="letter-spacing: .1pt;">l</span>l<span style="letter-spacing: .2pt;"> </span>p<span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;">a</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">r</span>t<span style="letter-spacing: .1pt;">i</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;">c</span>ip<span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;">a</span>nt<span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;">s</span>.<span style="letter-spacing: .3pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -.15pt;">I</span>f<span style="letter-spacing: .15pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;">a</span>v<span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;">e</span><span style="letter-spacing: .1pt;">r</span><span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;">a</span>ge<span style="letter-spacing: .1pt;"> </span>qu<span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;">e</span>ue<span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: .1pt;">l</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;">e</span><span style="letter-spacing: .15pt;">n</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;">g</span>th<span style="letter-spacing: .2pt;"> </span>is<span style="letter-spacing: .2pt;"> </span>n,<span style="letter-spacing: .25pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;">ea</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;">c</span>h<span style="letter-spacing: .25pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: .15pt;">p</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;">a</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">r</span>t<span style="letter-spacing: .1pt;">i</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;">c</span>ip<span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;">a</span>nt<span style="letter-spacing: .35pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;">ge</span>ts<span style="letter-spacing: .15pt;"> </span><span>1<span style="letter-spacing: .1pt;">/</span>n</span><o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 75.3pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">– <span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;">A</span>s<span style="letter-spacing: .2pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: .1pt;">t</span>he<span style="letter-spacing: .1pt;"> </span>ti<span style="letter-spacing: .1pt;">m</span>e<span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;"> </span>qu<span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;">a</span>ntum<span style="letter-spacing: .35pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;">g</span><span style="letter-spacing: .1pt;">r</span>o<span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;">w</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">s</span>,<span style="letter-spacing: .2pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;">R</span>R<span style="letter-spacing: .35pt;"> </span>b<span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;">ec</span>o<span style="letter-spacing: .1pt;">m</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;">e</span>s<span style="letter-spacing: .15pt;"> </span><span>F<span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;">C</span>FS</span><o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 75.3pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: .3pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">– Sm<span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;">a</span>ll<span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;">e</span>r<span style="letter-spacing: .25pt;"> </span>qu<span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;">a</span>nta<span style="letter-spacing: .25pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;">a</span><span style="letter-spacing: .1pt;">r</span>e<span style="letter-spacing: .25pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;">ge</span><span style="letter-spacing: .15pt;">n</span><span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;">e</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">r</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;">a</span>l<span style="letter-spacing: .35pt;">l</span>y<span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;"> </span>d<span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;">e</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">s</span><span style="letter-spacing: .1pt;">i</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">r</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;">a</span>b<span style="letter-spacing: .1pt;">l</span><span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;">e</span>,<span style="letter-spacing: .2pt;"> </span>b<span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;">e</span><span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;">ca</span>u<span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">s</span>e<span style="letter-spacing: .25pt;"> </span>th<span style="letter-spacing: .15pt;">e</span>y<span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: .1pt;">i</span>mp<span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">r</span>ove<span style="letter-spacing: .2pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">r</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;">e</span><span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;">s</span>pon<span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">s</span>e<span style="letter-spacing: .1pt;"> <span>ti</span></span><span>me</span><o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 58.35pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: .3pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">•<span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;"> </span><b><span style="letter-spacing: .1pt; mso-font-width: 102%;">P</span><span style="letter-spacing: .05pt; mso-font-width: 102%;">r</span><span>obl<span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;">e</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.15pt;">m</span>:</span></b><o:p></o:p></span></div><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 81.95pt; margin-right: 115.95pt; margin-top: .3pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: center; text-autospace: none;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">–<span style="letter-spacing: -.15pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;">C</span>ont<span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;">e</span><span style="letter-spacing: .15pt;">x</span>t<span style="letter-spacing: .15pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;">sw</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.15pt;">i</span>t<span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;">c</span>h<span style="letter-spacing: .1pt;"> </span>ov<span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;">e</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">r</span>h<span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;">ea</span>d<span style="letter-spacing: .35pt;"> </span>of<span style="letter-spacing: .15pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: .1pt;">f</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">r</span><span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;">e</span>qu<span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;">e</span>nt<span style="letter-spacing: .3pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;">c</span>on<span style="letter-spacing: .1pt;">t</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;">e</span><span style="letter-spacing: .15pt;">x</span>t<span style="letter-spacing: .2pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt; mso-font-width: 102%;">s</span><span style="letter-spacing: .05pt; mso-font-width: 102%;">w</span><span>i<span style="letter-spacing: .1pt;">t</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;">c</span>h</span><o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 102%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 41.45pt; margin-right: 9.1pt; margin-top: .3pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;"><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">H<span style="letter-spacing: .1pt;">i</span>g<span style="letter-spacing: -.15pt;">h</span><span style="letter-spacing: .15pt;">e</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">s</span>t<span style="letter-spacing: 1.8pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;">Res</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.15pt;">p</span>on<span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;">s</span>e<span style="letter-spacing: 1.75pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;">R</span>a<span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">t</span>io<span style="letter-spacing: 1.7pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;">Ne</span>xt<span style="letter-spacing: 1.8pt;"> </span></span></b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; letter-spacing: -.05pt;">(</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; letter-spacing: -.1pt;">H</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; letter-spacing: .05pt;">RRN</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">)<span style="letter-spacing: 1.6pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;">sc</span>h<span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;">e</span>du<span style="letter-spacing: -.15pt;">l</span><span style="letter-spacing: .1pt;">i</span>ng<span style="letter-spacing: 1.55pt;"> </span>is<span style="letter-spacing: 1.9pt;"> </span>a<span style="letter-spacing: 1.7pt;"> </span>non<span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">-</span>p<span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">r</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;">ee</span><span style="letter-spacing: .1pt;">m</span>ptive<span style="letter-spacing: 2.0pt;"> </span>di<span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;">s</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;">c</span><span style="letter-spacing: .1pt;">i</span>plin<span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;">e</span>, <span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;">s</span>im<span style="letter-spacing: .1pt;">i</span>l<span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;">a</span>r<span style="letter-spacing: .35pt;"> </span><span>to</span><span style="letter-spacing: .25pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: .1pt;">S</span>ho<span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">r</span>t<span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;">e</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">s</span>t<span style="letter-spacing: .35pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: .2pt;">J</span>ob<span style="letter-spacing: .25pt;"> </span>Fi<span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">r</span><span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;">s</span>t<span style="letter-spacing: .5pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">(</span>S<span style="letter-spacing: .2pt;">J</span>F)<span style="letter-spacing: .25pt;"> </span>in<span style="letter-spacing: .55pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;">w</span>h<span style="letter-spacing: .1pt;">i</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;">c</span>h<span style="letter-spacing: .4pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: .1pt;">t</span>he<span style="letter-spacing: .2pt;"> </span>p<span style="letter-spacing: .1pt;">r</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.15pt;">i</span>o<span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">r</span>i<span style="letter-spacing: .1pt;">t</span>y<span style="letter-spacing: .25pt;"> </span>of<span style="letter-spacing: .35pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;">ea</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;">c</span>h<span style="letter-spacing: .5pt;"> </span>job<span style="letter-spacing: .5pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: .1pt;">i</span>s<span style="letter-spacing: .35pt;"> </span>d<span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;">e</span>p<span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;">e</span>nd<span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;">e</span>nt<span style="letter-spacing: .45pt;"> </span>on<span style="letter-spacing: .45pt;"> </span>i<span style="letter-spacing: .1pt;">t</span>s <span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;">e</span><span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;">s</span>t<span style="letter-spacing: .1pt;">i</span>m<span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;">a</span><span style="letter-spacing: .1pt;">t</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;">e</span>d<span style="letter-spacing: .4pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">r</span>un<span style="letter-spacing: .55pt;"> </span><span>ti<span style="letter-spacing: .1pt;">m</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;">e</span>,</span><span style="letter-spacing: .45pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;">a</span>nd<span style="letter-spacing: .6pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: .15pt;">a</span>l<span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;">s</span>o<span style="letter-spacing: .5pt;"> </span>the<span style="letter-spacing: .65pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;">a</span><span style="letter-spacing: .1pt;">m</span>ount<span style="letter-spacing: .45pt;"> </span>of<span style="letter-spacing: .6pt;"> </span>ti<span style="letter-spacing: .1pt;">m</span>e<span style="letter-spacing: .4pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: .1pt;">i</span>t<span style="letter-spacing: .55pt;"> </span>h<span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;">a</span>s<span style="letter-spacing: .55pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">s</span>p<span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;">e</span>nt<span style="letter-spacing: .45pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: .15pt;">w</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;">a</span><span style="letter-spacing: .1pt;">i</span>tin<span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;">g</span>.<span style="letter-spacing: .6pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: .2pt;">J</span>obs<span style="letter-spacing: .55pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;">ga</span>in<span style="letter-spacing: .6pt;"> 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style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;">e</span>v<span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;">e</span>n<span style="letter-spacing: .1pt;">t</span>s<span style="letter-spacing: .3pt;"> </span>ind<span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;">e</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">f</span><span style="letter-spacing: .1pt;">i</span>nite<span style="letter-spacing: .4pt;"> </span>po<span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;">s</span>tpon<span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;">e</span>m<span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;">e</span>nt<span style="letter-spacing: .45pt;"> </span>.<span style="letter-spacing: .35pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -.15pt;">I</span>n<span style="letter-spacing: .2pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: .1pt;">f</span><span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;">a</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;">c</span>t,<span style="letter-spacing: .25pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: .1pt;">t</span>he<span style="letter-spacing: .1pt;"> j</span>obs th<span style="letter-spacing: 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</tbody></table><!--[endif]--><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">Q<span style="letter-spacing: .2pt;">.</span>3<span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;">4</span>.<span style="letter-spacing: .25pt;"> </span></span></b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; letter-spacing: .05pt;">W</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">h<span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;">a</span>t<span style="letter-spacing: .2pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: .1pt;">i</span>s<span style="letter-spacing: .1pt;"> </span>a<span style="letter-spacing: .15pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">s</span><span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;">e</span>m<span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;">a</span>pho<span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">r</span><span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;">e</span>?<span style="letter-spacing: .25pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">E</span><span style="letter-spacing: .15pt;">x</span>pl<span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;">a</span>in<span style="letter-spacing: .1pt;"> </span>a<span style="letter-spacing: .15pt;"> </span>b<span style="letter-spacing: .1pt;">i</span>n<span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;">a</span><span style="letter-spacing: .1pt;">r</span>y<span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;">s</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;">e</span><span style="letter-spacing: .25pt;">m</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;">a</span>pho<span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">r</span>e<span style="letter-spacing: .15pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;">w</span>ith<span style="letter-spacing: .3pt;"> </span>the<span style="letter-spacing: .3pt;"> </span>h<span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;">e</span><span style="letter-spacing: .1pt;">l</span>p<span style="letter-spacing: .1pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: .15pt;">o</span>f<span style="letter-spacing: .2pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;">a</span>n<span style="letter-spacing: .1pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;">e</span><span style="letter-spacing: .15pt;">x</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;">a</span>mp<span style="letter-spacing: .1pt;">l</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.2pt;">e</span>?<span> </span><span style="letter-spacing: .55pt;"><span> </span></span><b><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">(</span>4)<span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;"> A</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.15pt;">n</span><span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;">s</span>:</b><o:p></o:p></span><br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 102%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 41.45pt; margin-right: 9.2pt; margin-top: .05pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">A<span style="letter-spacing: 1.25pt;"> </span><b><span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;">se</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.15pt;">m</span><span style="letter-spacing: .15pt;">a</span><span style="letter-spacing: .1pt;">p</span>ho<span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;">r</span>e<span style="letter-spacing: 1.6pt;"> </span></b>is<span style="letter-spacing: 1.65pt;"> </span>a<span style="letter-spacing: 1.45pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: .2pt;">s</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.25pt;">y</span>n<span style="letter-spacing: .15pt;">c</span>h<span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">r</span>oni<span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;">za</span>tion<span style="letter-spacing: 1.55pt;"> </span>tool<span style="letter-spacing: 1.75pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: .1pt;">t</span>h<span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;">a</span>t<span style="letter-spacing: 1.5pt;"> </span>p<span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">r</span><span style="letter-spacing: .15pt;">o</span>vid<span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;">e</span>s<span style="letter-spacing: 1.6pt;"> </span>a<span style="letter-spacing: 1.6pt;"> </span>g<span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;">e</span>n<span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;">e</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">r</span><span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;">a</span>l<span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">-</span>pu<span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">r</span>po<span style="letter-spacing: .2pt;">s</span>e<span style="letter-spacing: 1.6pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">s</span>o<span style="letter-spacing: .1pt;">l</span>ution<span style="letter-spacing: 1.55pt;"> </span><span>to </span><span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;">c</span>on<span style="letter-spacing: .1pt;">t</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">r</span>oll<span style="letter-spacing: .1pt;">i</span>ng<span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: .15pt;">a</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;">cc</span><span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;">e</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">s</span>s<span style="letter-spacing: .15pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: .1pt;">t</span>o<span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: .15pt;">c</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">r</span>it<span style="letter-spacing: .1pt;">i</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;">ca</span>l<span style="letter-spacing: .2pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: .05pt; mso-font-width: 102%;">s</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt; mso-font-width: 102%;">ec</span><span style="letter-spacing: .1pt; mso-font-width: 102%;">t</span><span>ion<span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;">s</span>.</span><o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 102%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 41.45pt; margin-right: 9.25pt; margin-top: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">A <span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;"><span> </span></span><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">s</span><span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;">e</span>m<span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;">a</span>pho<span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">r</span>e <span style="letter-spacing: .5pt;"><span> </span></span>is <span style="letter-spacing: .45pt;"><span> </span></span><span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;">a</span>n <span style="letter-spacing: .6pt;"><span> </span></span><span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;">a</span>b<span style="letter-spacing: .2pt;">s</span>t<span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">r</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;">a</span><span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;">c</span>t <span style="letter-spacing: .45pt;"><span> </span></span>d<span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;">a</span>ta <span style="letter-spacing: .5pt;"><span> </span></span><span style="letter-spacing: .25pt;">t</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.25pt;">y</span>pe <span style="letter-spacing: .45pt;"><span> </span></span><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">(</span><span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;">AD</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">T</span>) <span style="letter-spacing: .5pt;"><span> </span></span>th<span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;">a</span>t <span style="letter-spacing: .65pt;"><span> </span></span>d<span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;">e</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">f</span>in<span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;">e</span>s <span style="letter-spacing: .4pt;"><span> </span></span>a <span style="letter-spacing: .5pt;"><span> </span></span>nonn<span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;">e</span>g<span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;">a</span><span style="letter-spacing: .1pt;">ti</span>ve <span style="letter-spacing: .7pt;"><span> </span></span>in<span style="letter-spacing: .1pt;">t</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;">eg</span><span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;">e</span>r v<span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;">a</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">r</span><span style="letter-spacing: .1pt;">i</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;">a</span>ble <span style="letter-spacing: .65pt;"><span> </span></span><span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;">w</span>h<span style="letter-spacing: .1pt;">i</span><span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;">c</span>h, <span style="letter-spacing: .85pt;"><span> </span></span><span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;">a</span>p<span style="letter-spacing: .15pt;">a</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">r</span>t <span style="letter-spacing: .85pt;"><span> </span></span><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">f</span><span style="letter-spacing: .1pt;">r</span>om <span style="letter-spacing: .8pt;"><span> </span></span>ini<span style="letter-spacing: .1pt;">t</span>i<span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;">a</span><span style="letter-spacing: .1pt;">l</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.15pt;">i</span><span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;">za</span>tion, <span style="letter-spacing: 1.0pt;"><span> </span></span>is <span style="letter-spacing: .85pt;"><span> </span></span><span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;">a</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;">cc</span><span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;">e</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">s</span><span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;">s</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;">e</span>d <span style="letter-spacing: .85pt;"><span> </span></span>on<span style="letter-spacing: .25pt;">l</span>y <span style="letter-spacing: .7pt;"><span> </span></span>th<span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">r</span>o<span style="letter-spacing: .15pt;">u</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;">g</span>h <span style="letter-spacing: .9pt;"><span> </span></span>t<span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;">w</span>o <span style="letter-spacing: .9pt;"><span> </span></span><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">s</span><span style="letter-spacing: .1pt;">t</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;">a</span>nd<span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;">a</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">r</span>d<span style="letter-spacing: .1pt;"> </span>op<span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;">e</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">r</span><span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;">a</span>tion<span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;">s</span>:<span style="letter-spacing: .1pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: .05pt; mso-font-width: 102%;">w</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt; mso-font-width: 102%;">a</span><span>it</span><span style="letter-spacing: .1pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;">a</span>nd<span style="letter-spacing: .25pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;">s</span><span style="letter-spacing: .1pt;">i</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;">g</span><span style="letter-spacing: .15pt;">n</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;">a</span><span style="letter-spacing: .1pt;">l</span>.<span style="letter-spacing: .2pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">T</span>he<span style="letter-spacing: .15pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;">c</span>l<span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;">a</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">s</span><span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;">s</span>i<span style="letter-spacing: .15pt;">c</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;">a</span>l<span style="letter-spacing: .2pt;"> </span>d<span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;">e</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">f</span><span style="letter-spacing: .1pt;">i</span>nit<span style="letter-spacing: .1pt;">i</span>on<span style="letter-spacing: .1pt;"> </span>of<span style="letter-spacing: .25pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;">w</span><span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;">a</span>it<span style="letter-spacing: .25pt;"> </span>in<span style="letter-spacing: .3pt;"> </span>p<span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">s</span><span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;">e</span>udo<span style="letter-spacing: .1pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;">c</span>ode<span style="letter-spacing: .25pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: .1pt; mso-font-width: 102%;">i</span><span>s</span><o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 75.3pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: .2pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;"><b><span style="font-family: "Courier New"; font-size: 9.0pt; letter-spacing: .05pt; mso-font-width: 103%;">wait(S)</span></b><b><span style="font-family: "Courier New"; font-size: 9.0pt; mso-font-width: 103%;">{</span></b><span style="font-family: "Courier New"; font-size: 9.0pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 107.4pt; margin-right: 270.15pt; margin-top: .45pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: center; text-autospace: none;"><b><span style="font-family: "Courier New"; font-size: 9.0pt; letter-spacing: .05pt; mso-font-width: 103%;">while(S<=0</span></b><b><span style="font-family: "Courier New"; font-size: 9.0pt; mso-font-width: 103%;">)</span></b><span style="font-family: "Courier New"; font-size: 9.0pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 9.65pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 141.25pt; margin-right: 213.75pt; margin-top: .45pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; mso-pagination: none; text-align: center; text-autospace: none;"><b><span style="font-family: "Courier New"; font-size: 9.0pt;">;<span style="letter-spacing: 1.0pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;">/</span>/<span style="letter-spacing: .45pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: .05pt; mso-font-width: 103%;">d</span><span>o</span><span style="letter-spacing: .25pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: .05pt; mso-font-width: 103%;">nothin</span><span>g</span></span></b><span style="font-family: "Courier New"; font-size: 9.0pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 109.1pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 1.05pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;"><b><span style="font-family: "Courier New"; font-size: 9.0pt; letter-spacing: .05pt; mso-font-width: 103%;">S--</span></b><b><span style="font-family: "Courier New"; font-size: 9.0pt; mso-font-width: 103%;">;</span></b><span style="font-family: "Courier New"; font-size: 9.0pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 9.65pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 75.3pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: .35pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;"><b><span style="font-family: "Courier New"; font-size: 9.0pt; mso-font-width: 103%;">}</span></b><span style="font-family: "Courier New"; font-size: 9.0pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 103%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 75.3pt; margin-right: 72.95pt; margin-top: 1.15pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;"><b><span style="font-family: "Courier New"; font-size: 9.0pt; letter-spacing: .05pt; line-height: 103%;">Th</span></b><b><span style="font-family: "Courier New"; font-size: 9.0pt; line-height: 103%;">e<span style="letter-spacing: .4pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;">classica</span>l<span style="letter-spacing: .45pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;">definition</span>s<span style="letter-spacing: .45pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;">o</span>f<span style="letter-spacing: .45pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;">signa</span>l<span style="letter-spacing: .45pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: .05pt; mso-font-width: 103%;">i</span><span>n</span><span style="letter-spacing: .25pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: .05pt; mso-font-width: 103%;">pseudocod</span><span>e</span><span style="letter-spacing: .25pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;">i</span>s<span style="letter-spacing: .2pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;">signal(S)</span>{</span></b><span style="font-family: "Courier New"; font-size: 9.0pt; line-height: 103%;"><o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 9.6pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 109.1pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;"><b><span style="font-family: "Courier New"; font-size: 9.0pt; letter-spacing: .05pt; mso-font-width: 103%;">S++</span></b><b><span style="font-family: "Courier New"; font-size: 9.0pt; mso-font-width: 103%;">;</span></b><span style="font-family: "Courier New"; font-size: 9.0pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 9.65pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 75.3pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 1.15pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;"><b><span style="font-family: "Courier New"; font-size: 9.0pt; mso-font-width: 103%;">}</span></b><span style="font-family: "Courier New"; font-size: 9.0pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 8.0pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: .35pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 10.0pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;"><br />
</div><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 212.15pt; margin-right: 215.9pt; margin-top: 1.4pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: center; text-autospace: none;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-font-width: 102%;">33</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";"><o:p></o:p></span></div></div><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 11.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;"><br clear="all" style="mso-break-type: section-break; page-break-before: always;" /> </span> <div class="WordSection4"> <div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 7.6pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 3.0pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; tab-stops: 246.0pt; text-autospace: none;"><b><u><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; letter-spacing: .05pt;">D</span></u></b><b><u><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; letter-spacing: -.1pt;">C</span></u></b><b><u><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">14 <span> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -.15pt;">S</span>y<span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;">s</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">t</span><span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;">e</span>m<span style="letter-spacing: .15pt;"> </span>So<span style="letter-spacing: .1pt;">f</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">t</span><span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;">w</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;">a</span><span style="letter-spacing: .15pt;">r</span>e and<span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: .1pt;">O</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.15pt;">p</span><span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;">er</span>a<span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">t</span>ing<span style="letter-spacing: .1pt;"> </span>Sy<span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;">s</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">t</span><span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;">e</span>m</span></u></b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";"><o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 11.0pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: .6pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 102%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 61.85pt; margin-right: 27.45pt; margin-top: 1.4pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none; text-indent: 2.9pt;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">A <span style="letter-spacing: .65pt;"><span> </span></span>bin<span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;">a</span><span style="letter-spacing: .1pt;">r</span>y <span style="letter-spacing: 1.1pt;"><span> </span></span><span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;">s</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;">e</span>m<span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;">a</span>ph<span style="letter-spacing: .15pt;">o</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">r</span>e <span style="letter-spacing: 1.1pt;"><span> </span></span>is <span style="letter-spacing: 1.3pt;"><span> </span></span>one <span style="letter-spacing: 1.3pt;"><span> </span></span>th<span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;">a</span>t <span style="letter-spacing: 1.1pt;"><span> </span></span>on<span style="letter-spacing: .35pt;">l</span>y <span style="letter-spacing: .95pt;"><span> </span></span><span style="letter-spacing: .1pt;">t</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;">a</span>k<span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;">e</span>s <span style="letter-spacing: 1.2pt;"><span> </span></span><span style="letter-spacing: .1pt;">t</span>he <span style="letter-spacing: 1.05pt;"><span> </span></span>v<span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;">a</span>lu<span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;">e</span>s <span style="letter-spacing: 1.15pt;"><span> </span></span>0 <span style="letter-spacing: 1.2pt;"><span> </span></span><span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;">a</span>nd <span style="letter-spacing: 1.1pt;"><span> </span></span>1. <span style="letter-spacing: 1.2pt;"><span> </span></span><span style="letter-spacing: .1pt; mso-font-width: 102%;">T</span><span style="letter-spacing: .15pt; mso-font-width: 102%;">h</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt; mso-font-width: 102%;">e</span><span style="letter-spacing: .05pt; mso-font-width: 102%;">s</span><span>e </span><span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;">s</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;">e</span>m<span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;">a</span>pho<span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">r</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;">e</span>s<span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: .15pt;">a</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">r</span>e<span style="letter-spacing: .15pt;"> </span>u<span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;">se</span>d <span style="letter-spacing: .25pt;"><span> </span></span>to<span style="letter-spacing: .15pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: .1pt;">i</span>mpl<span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;">e</span>m<span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;">e</span>nt<span style="letter-spacing: .15pt;"> </span>mu<span style="letter-spacing: .1pt;">t</span>u<span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;">a</span>l<span style="letter-spacing: .35pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt; mso-font-width: 102%;">e</span><span style="letter-spacing: .15pt; mso-font-width: 102%;">x</span><span style="letter-spacing: .05pt; mso-font-width: 102%;">c</span><span>lu<span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;">s</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.15pt;">i</span>on.</span><o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 12.0pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: .95pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 102%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 44.3pt; margin-right: 42.05pt; margin-top: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; tab-stops: 44.0pt; text-autospace: none; text-indent: -36.7pt;"><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">Q<span style="letter-spacing: .2pt;">.</span>3<span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;">5</span>.<span style="letter-spacing: -2.35pt;"> </span><span> </span></span></b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; letter-spacing: .05pt;">C</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">o<span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;">n</span><span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;">s</span>id<span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;">e</span>r<span style="letter-spacing: .15pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: .1pt;">t</span>he <span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">f</span>o<span style="letter-spacing: .1pt;">l</span>lo<span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;">w</span>ing<span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;"> </span>p<span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;">a</span>ge<span style="letter-spacing: .15pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">r</span><span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;">e</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">f</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;">e</span><span style="letter-spacing: .1pt;">r</span><span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;">e</span>n<span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;">c</span>e<span style="letter-spacing: .1pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;">a</span><span style="letter-spacing: .15pt;">n</span>d<span style="letter-spacing: .25pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">r</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;">e</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">f</span><span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;">e</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">r</span><span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;">e</span>n<span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;">c</span>e<span style="letter-spacing: .1pt;"> </span>t<span style="letter-spacing: .1pt;">i</span>me<span style="letter-spacing: .1pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">s</span><span style="letter-spacing: .1pt;">t</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">r</span>in<span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;">g</span>s<span style="letter-spacing: .3pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: .1pt;">f</span>or<span style="letter-spacing: .15pt;"> </span>a<span style="letter-spacing: .15pt;"> </span>p<span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">r</span><span style="letter-spacing: .15pt;">o</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;">g</span><span style="letter-spacing: .1pt;">r</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;">a</span>m:<span style="letter-spacing: .1pt;"> P</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;">a</span>ge<span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;"> r</span><span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;">e</span><span style="letter-spacing: .1pt;">f</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;">e</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">r</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;">e</span><span style="letter-spacing: .15pt;">n</span><span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;">c</span>e<span style="letter-spacing: .1pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">s</span><span style="letter-spacing: .1pt;">t</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">r</span>i<span style="letter-spacing: .15pt;">n</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;">g</span>:<span style="letter-spacing: .35pt;"> </span><span>5<span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">,</span>4<span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;">,</span>3<span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">,</span>2<span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;">,</span>1<span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">,</span>4<span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;">,</span>3<span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">,</span>5<span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;">,</span>4<span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">,</span>3<span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;">,</span>2<span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">,</span>1<span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;">,</span>5<span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">,</span>…<span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;">.</span>.</span><o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 102%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 42.9pt; margin-right: 27.45pt; margin-top: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; tab-stops: 402.0pt; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; letter-spacing: .1pt;">S</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">how<span style="letter-spacing: 1.2pt;"> </span>how<span style="letter-spacing: 1.35pt;"> </span>p<span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;">a</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;">ge</span>s<span style="letter-spacing: 1.25pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;">w</span><span style="letter-spacing: .1pt;">i</span>ll<span style="letter-spacing: 1.25pt;"> </span>be<span style="letter-spacing: 1.35pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;">a</span>llo<span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;">c</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;">a</span><span style="letter-spacing: .1pt;">t</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;">e</span>d<span style="letter-spacing: 1.2pt;"> </span>u<span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">s</span><span style="letter-spacing: .1pt;">i</span>ng<span style="letter-spacing: 1.1pt;"> </span>the<span style="letter-spacing: 1.25pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: .2pt;">F</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.15pt;">I</span><span style="letter-spacing: .1pt;">F</span>O<span style="letter-spacing: 1.1pt;"> </span>p<span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;">a</span>ge<span style="letter-spacing: 1.1pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">r</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;">e</span>p<span style="letter-spacing: .1pt;">l</span><span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;">a</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;">c</span><span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;">e</span>m<span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;">e</span>nt<span style="letter-spacing: 1.25pt;"> </span>poli<span style="letter-spacing: .15pt;">c</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.25pt;">y</span>.<span style="letter-spacing: 1.35pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;">A</span>l<span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;">s</span>o<span style="letter-spacing: .15pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;">c</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;">a</span>l<span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;">c</span>ul<span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;">a</span><span style="letter-spacing: .1pt;">t</span>e<span style="letter-spacing: 1.15pt;"> </span>t<span style="letter-spacing: .15pt;">h</span>e<span style="letter-spacing: 1.2pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: .1pt;">t</span>ot<span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;">a</span>l<span style="letter-spacing: 1.35pt;"> </span>numb<span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;">e</span>r<span style="letter-spacing: 1.65pt;"> </span>of<span style="letter-spacing: 1.35pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: .15pt;">p</span><span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;">a</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;">g</span>e<span style="letter-spacing: 1.35pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: .1pt;">f</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;">a</span>ul<span style="letter-spacing: .1pt;">t</span>s<span style="letter-spacing: 1.2pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;">w</span>h<span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;">e</span>n<span style="letter-spacing: 1.5pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;">a</span><span style="letter-spacing: .1pt;">l</span>lo<span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;">c</span><span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;">a</span>t<span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;">e</span>d<span style="letter-spacing: 1.3pt;"> </span>p<span style="letter-spacing: .15pt;">a</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;">g</span>e<span style="letter-spacing: 1.35pt;"> </span>blo<span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;">c</span>ks<span style="letter-spacing: 1.4pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;">a</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">r</span>e<span style="letter-spacing: 1.45pt;"> </span>3<span style="letter-spacing: 1.3pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;">a</span>nd<span style="letter-spacing: 1.3pt;"> </span>4<span style="letter-spacing: .1pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">r</span><span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;">e</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">s</span>p<span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;">e</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;">c</span>t<span style="letter-spacing: .1pt;">i</span>v<span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;">e</span><span style="letter-spacing: .25pt;">l</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.25pt;">y</span>.<span> </span><b><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt; mso-font-width: 102%;">(</span><span>8)</span></b><o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 13.0pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: .15pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 49.95pt; margin-right: 374.75pt; margin-top: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;"><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; letter-spacing: .05pt; mso-font-width: 102%;">A</span></b><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-font-width: 102%;">n<span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;">s</span>:</span></b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";"><o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 49.95pt; margin-right: 159.1pt; margin-top: .05pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; letter-spacing: .1pt;">P</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; letter-spacing: -.1pt;">a</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">ge<span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">r</span><span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;">e</span><span style="letter-spacing: .1pt;">f</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;">e</span><span style="letter-spacing: .1pt;">r</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;">e</span>n<span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;">c</span>e<span style="letter-spacing: .2pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">s</span><span style="letter-spacing: .1pt;">t</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">r</span>ing <span style="letter-spacing: .1pt;">i</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">s</span>:<span style="letter-spacing: .15pt;"> </span><span>5<span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;">,</span>4<span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">,</span>3<span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;">,</span>2<span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">,</span>1<span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;">,</span>4<span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">,</span>3<span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;">,</span>5<span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">,</span>4<span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;">,</span>3<span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">,</span>2<span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;">,</span>1<span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">,</span>5<span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;">,</span>…<span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">.</span>.</span><o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 102%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 49.95pt; margin-right: 27.45pt; margin-top: .3pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; letter-spacing: -.15pt;">F</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">or<span style="letter-spacing: 1.05pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;">a</span>llo<span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;">c</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;">a</span>t<span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;">e</span>d<span style="letter-spacing: 1.1pt;"> </span>p<span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;">a</span>ge<span style="letter-spacing: .85pt;"> </span>b<span style="letter-spacing: .1pt;">l</span>o<span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;">c</span><span style="letter-spacing: .15pt;">k</span>s<span style="letter-spacing: 1.0pt;"> </span>3,<span style="letter-spacing: .95pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;">w</span>e<span style="letter-spacing: 1.05pt;"> </span>h<span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;">a</span><span style="letter-spacing: .15pt;">v</span>e<span style="letter-spacing: .85pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">f</span>o<span style="letter-spacing: .1pt;">l</span>lo<span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;">w</span>i<span style="letter-spacing: .15pt;">n</span>g<span style="letter-spacing: .9pt;"> </span>F<span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">I</span>FO<span style="letter-spacing: 1.1pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;">a</span><span style="letter-spacing: .1pt;">l</span>lo<span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;">c</span><span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;">a</span>tion.<span style="letter-spacing: 1.0pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: .1pt;">P</span><span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;">a</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;">g</span>e<span style="letter-spacing: 1.0pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">r</span><span style="letter-spacing: .15pt;">e</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">f</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;">e</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">r</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;">e</span><span style="letter-spacing: .15pt;">nc</span>e<span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;"> </span>m<span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;">a</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">r</span>k<span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;">e</span>d <span style="letter-spacing: .5pt;"><span> </span></span><span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;">w</span>i<span style="letter-spacing: .1pt;">t</span>h <span style="letter-spacing: .65pt;"><span> </span></span><span style="letter-spacing: .1pt;">‘</span>+’ <span style="letter-spacing: .75pt;"><span> </span></span><span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;">ca</span>u<span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;">s</span>e <span style="letter-spacing: .75pt;"><span> </span></span>p<span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;">a</span>ge <span style="letter-spacing: .75pt;"><span> </span></span><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">f</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;">a</span>ult <span style="letter-spacing: .65pt;"><span> </span></span><span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;">a</span>nd <span style="letter-spacing: .75pt;"><span> </span></span><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">r</span><span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;">e</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">s</span>u<span style="letter-spacing: .1pt;">l</span>t <span style="letter-spacing: .8pt;"><span> </span></span>in <span style="letter-spacing: .8pt;"><span> </span></span>p<span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;">a</span>ge <span style="letter-spacing: .65pt;"><span> </span></span><span style="letter-spacing: .1pt;">r</span><span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;">e</span>pl<span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;">a</span><span style="letter-spacing: .15pt;">c</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;">e</span>m<span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;">e</span>nt <span style="letter-spacing: .65pt;"><span> </span></span><span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;">w</span>h<span style="letter-spacing: .1pt;">i</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;">c</span>h <span style="letter-spacing: .8pt;"><span> </span></span>is p<span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;">e</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">rf</span>o<span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">r</span>m<span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;">e</span>d <span style="letter-spacing: .25pt; mso-font-width: 102%;">b</span><span>y</span> <span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">r</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;">e</span>pl<span style="letter-spacing: .15pt;">a</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;">c</span>i<span style="letter-spacing: .15pt;">n</span>g<span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;"> </span>the<span style="letter-spacing: .3pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;">e</span><span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;">a</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">r</span>li<span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;">e</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">s</span>t<span style="letter-spacing: .2pt;"> </span>lo<span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;">a</span><span style="letter-spacing: .15pt;">d</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;">e</span>d<span style="letter-spacing: .3pt;"> </span>p<span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;">a</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;">g</span>e<span style="letter-spacing: .25pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;">e</span><span style="letter-spacing: .15pt;">x</span>i<span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">s</span>t<span style="letter-spacing: .1pt;">i</span>ng <span style="letter-spacing: .1pt;">i</span>n<span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;"> </span><span>m<span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;">e</span>mo<span style="letter-spacing: .1pt;">r</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.25pt;">y</span>:</span><o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 13.0pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: .1pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;"><br />
</div><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="MsoNormalTable" style="border-collapse: collapse; margin-left: 56.5pt; mso-padding-alt: 0in 0in 0in 0in; mso-table-layout-alt: fixed;"><tbody>
<tr style="height: 13.45pt; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-yfti-firstrow: yes; mso-yfti-irow: 0;"> <td style="border: solid black 1.0pt; height: 13.45pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-height-rule: exactly; padding: 0in 0in 0in 0in; width: 29.3pt;" valign="top" width="39"> <div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;"><br />
</div></td> <td style="border-left: none; border: solid black 1.0pt; height: 13.45pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-height-rule: exactly; padding: 0in 0in 0in 0in; width: 29.3pt;" valign="top" width="39"> <div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;"><br />
</div></td> <td style="border-left: none; border: solid black 1.0pt; height: 13.45pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-height-rule: exactly; padding: 0in 0in 0in 0in; width: 29.25pt;" valign="top" width="39"> <div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 12.55pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 4.75pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-font-width: 102%;">3</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> <td style="border-left: none; border: solid black 1.0pt; height: 13.45pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-height-rule: exactly; padding: 0in 0in 0in 0in; width: 29.25pt;" valign="top" width="39"> <div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 12.55pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 4.75pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-font-width: 102%;">3</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> <td style="border-left: none; border: solid black 1.0pt; height: 13.45pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-height-rule: exactly; padding: 0in 0in 0in 0in; width: 29.2pt;" valign="top" width="39"> <div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 12.55pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 4.85pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-font-width: 102%;">3</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> <td style="border-left: none; border: solid black 1.0pt; height: 13.45pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-height-rule: exactly; padding: 0in 0in 0in 0in; width: 29.2pt;" valign="top" width="39"> <div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 12.55pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 4.75pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-font-width: 102%;">4</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> <td style="border-left: none; border: solid black 1.0pt; height: 13.45pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-height-rule: exactly; padding: 0in 0in 0in 0in; width: 29.25pt;" valign="top" width="39"> <div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 12.55pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 4.85pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-font-width: 102%;">4</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> <td style="border-left: none; border: solid black 1.0pt; height: 13.45pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-height-rule: exactly; padding: 0in 0in 0in 0in; width: 29.2pt;" valign="top" width="39"> <div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 12.55pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 4.75pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-font-width: 102%;">4</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> <td style="border-left: none; border: solid black 1.0pt; height: 13.45pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-height-rule: exactly; padding: 0in 0in 0in 0in; width: 29.35pt;" valign="top" width="39"> <div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 12.55pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 4.85pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-font-width: 102%;">4</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> <td style="border-left: none; border: solid black 1.0pt; height: 13.45pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-height-rule: exactly; padding: 0in 0in 0in 0in; width: 29.15pt;" valign="top" width="39"> <div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 12.55pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 4.75pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-font-width: 102%;">4</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> <td style="border-left: none; border: solid black 1.0pt; height: 13.45pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-height-rule: exactly; padding: 0in 0in 0in 0in; width: 29.3pt;" valign="top" width="39"> <div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 12.55pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 4.85pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-font-width: 102%;">2</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> <td style="border-left: none; border: solid black 1.0pt; height: 13.45pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-height-rule: exactly; padding: 0in 0in 0in 0in; width: 29.15pt;" valign="top" width="39"> <div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 12.55pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 4.75pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-font-width: 102%;">2</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> <td style="border-left: none; border: solid black 1.0pt; height: 13.45pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-height-rule: exactly; padding: 0in 0in 0in 0in; width: 29.3pt;" valign="top" width="39"> <div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 12.55pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 4.85pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-font-width: 102%;">2</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
<tr style="height: 13.4pt; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-yfti-irow: 1;"> <td style="border-top: none; border: solid black 1.0pt; height: 13.4pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-height-rule: exactly; padding: 0in 0in 0in 0in; width: 29.3pt;" valign="top" width="39"> <div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;"><br />
</div></td> <td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 13.4pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-height-rule: exactly; padding: 0in 0in 0in 0in; width: 29.3pt;" valign="top" width="39"> <div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 12.55pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 4.85pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-font-width: 102%;">4</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> <td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 13.4pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-height-rule: exactly; padding: 0in 0in 0in 0in; width: 29.25pt;" valign="top" width="39"> <div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 12.55pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 4.75pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-font-width: 102%;">4</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> <td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 13.4pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-height-rule: exactly; padding: 0in 0in 0in 0in; width: 29.25pt;" valign="top" width="39"> <div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 12.55pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 4.75pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-font-width: 102%;">4</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> <td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 13.4pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-height-rule: exactly; padding: 0in 0in 0in 0in; width: 29.2pt;" valign="top" width="39"> <div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 12.55pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 4.85pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-font-width: 102%;">1</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> <td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 13.4pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-height-rule: exactly; padding: 0in 0in 0in 0in; width: 29.2pt;" valign="top" width="39"> <div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 12.55pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 4.75pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-font-width: 102%;">1</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> <td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 13.4pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-height-rule: exactly; padding: 0in 0in 0in 0in; width: 29.25pt;" valign="top" width="39"> <div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 12.55pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 4.85pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-font-width: 102%;">1</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> <td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 13.4pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-height-rule: exactly; padding: 0in 0in 0in 0in; width: 29.2pt;" valign="top" width="39"> <div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 12.55pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 4.75pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-font-width: 102%;">5</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> <td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 13.4pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-height-rule: exactly; padding: 0in 0in 0in 0in; width: 29.35pt;" valign="top" width="39"> <div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 12.55pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 4.85pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-font-width: 102%;">5</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> <td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 13.4pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-height-rule: exactly; padding: 0in 0in 0in 0in; width: 29.15pt;" valign="top" width="39"> <div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 12.55pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 4.75pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-font-width: 102%;">5</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> <td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 13.4pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-height-rule: exactly; padding: 0in 0in 0in 0in; width: 29.3pt;" valign="top" width="39"> <div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 12.55pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 4.85pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-font-width: 102%;">5</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> <td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 13.4pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-height-rule: exactly; padding: 0in 0in 0in 0in; width: 29.15pt;" valign="top" width="39"> <div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 12.55pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 4.75pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-font-width: 102%;">5</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> <td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 13.4pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-height-rule: exactly; padding: 0in 0in 0in 0in; width: 29.3pt;" valign="top" width="39"> <div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 12.55pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 4.85pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-font-width: 102%;">5</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
<tr style="height: 13.45pt; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-yfti-irow: 2; mso-yfti-lastrow: yes;"> <td style="border-top: none; border: solid black 1.0pt; height: 13.45pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-height-rule: exactly; padding: 0in 0in 0in 0in; width: 29.3pt;" valign="top" width="39"> <div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 12.55pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 4.75pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-font-width: 102%;">5</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> <td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 13.45pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-height-rule: exactly; padding: 0in 0in 0in 0in; width: 29.3pt;" valign="top" width="39"> <div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 12.55pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 4.85pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-font-width: 102%;">5</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> <td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 13.45pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-height-rule: exactly; padding: 0in 0in 0in 0in; width: 29.25pt;" valign="top" width="39"> <div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 12.55pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 4.75pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-font-width: 102%;">5</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> <td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 13.45pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-height-rule: exactly; padding: 0in 0in 0in 0in; width: 29.25pt;" valign="top" width="39"> <div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 12.55pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 4.75pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-font-width: 102%;">2</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> <td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 13.45pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-height-rule: exactly; padding: 0in 0in 0in 0in; width: 29.2pt;" valign="top" width="39"> <div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 12.55pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 4.85pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-font-width: 102%;">2</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> <td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 13.45pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-height-rule: exactly; padding: 0in 0in 0in 0in; width: 29.2pt;" valign="top" width="39"> <div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 12.55pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 4.75pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-font-width: 102%;">2</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> <td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 13.45pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-height-rule: exactly; padding: 0in 0in 0in 0in; width: 29.25pt;" valign="top" width="39"> <div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 12.55pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 4.85pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-font-width: 102%;">3</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> <td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 13.45pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-height-rule: exactly; padding: 0in 0in 0in 0in; width: 29.2pt;" valign="top" width="39"> <div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 12.55pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 4.75pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-font-width: 102%;">3</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> <td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 13.45pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-height-rule: exactly; padding: 0in 0in 0in 0in; width: 29.35pt;" valign="top" width="39"> <div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 12.55pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 4.85pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-font-width: 102%;">3</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> <td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 13.45pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-height-rule: exactly; padding: 0in 0in 0in 0in; width: 29.15pt;" valign="top" width="39"> <div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 12.55pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 4.75pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-font-width: 102%;">3</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> <td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 13.45pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-height-rule: exactly; padding: 0in 0in 0in 0in; width: 29.3pt;" valign="top" width="39"> <div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 12.55pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 4.85pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-font-width: 102%;">3</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> <td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 13.45pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-height-rule: exactly; padding: 0in 0in 0in 0in; width: 29.15pt;" valign="top" width="39"> <div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 12.55pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 4.75pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-font-width: 102%;">1</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> <td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 13.45pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-height-rule: exactly; padding: 0in 0in 0in 0in; width: 29.3pt;" valign="top" width="39"> <div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 12.55pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 4.85pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-font-width: 102%;">1</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
</tbody></table><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 10.0pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: .95pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;"><br />
</div><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="MsoNormalTable" style="border-collapse: collapse; margin-left: 53.05pt; mso-padding-alt: 0in 0in 0in 0in; mso-table-layout-alt: fixed;"><tbody>
<tr style="height: 22.1pt; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-yfti-firstrow: yes; mso-yfti-irow: 0; mso-yfti-lastrow: yes;"> <td style="border: solid black 1.0pt; height: 22.1pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-height-rule: exactly; padding: 0in 0in 0in 0in; width: 29.5pt;" valign="top" width="39"> <div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 5.5pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: .2pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 5.1pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 7.5pt; letter-spacing: .05pt; mso-font-width: 102%; mso-text-raise: -3.0pt; position: relative; top: 3.0pt;">5</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 4.5pt; mso-font-width: 102%;">+</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> <td style="border-left: none; border: solid black 1.0pt; height: 22.1pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-height-rule: exactly; padding: 0in 0in 0in 0in; width: 29.55pt;" valign="top" width="39"> <div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 5.5pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: .2pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 5.1pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 7.5pt; letter-spacing: .05pt; mso-font-width: 102%; mso-text-raise: -3.0pt; position: relative; top: 3.0pt;">4</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 4.5pt; mso-font-width: 102%;">+</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> <td style="border-left: none; border: solid black 1.0pt; height: 22.1pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-height-rule: exactly; padding: 0in 0in 0in 0in; width: 29.55pt;" valign="top" width="39"> <div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 5.5pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: .2pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 5.1pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 7.5pt; letter-spacing: .05pt; mso-font-width: 102%; mso-text-raise: -3.0pt; position: relative; top: 3.0pt;">3</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 4.5pt; mso-font-width: 102%;">+</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> <td style="border-left: none; border: solid black 1.0pt; height: 22.1pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-height-rule: exactly; padding: 0in 0in 0in 0in; width: 29.6pt;" valign="top" width="39"> <div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 5.5pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: .2pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 5.25pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 7.5pt; letter-spacing: .05pt; mso-font-width: 102%; mso-text-raise: -3.0pt; position: relative; top: 3.0pt;">2</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 4.5pt; mso-font-width: 102%;">+</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> <td style="border-left: none; border: solid black 1.0pt; height: 22.1pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-height-rule: exactly; padding: 0in 0in 0in 0in; width: 29.4pt;" valign="top" width="39"> <div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 5.5pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: .2pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 5.0pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 7.5pt; letter-spacing: .05pt; mso-font-width: 102%; mso-text-raise: -3.0pt; position: relative; top: 3.0pt;">1</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 4.5pt; mso-font-width: 102%;">+</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> <td style="border-left: none; border: solid black 1.0pt; height: 22.1pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-height-rule: exactly; padding: 0in 0in 0in 0in; width: 29.55pt;" valign="top" width="39"> <div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 5.5pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: .2pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 5.1pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 7.5pt; letter-spacing: .05pt; mso-font-width: 102%; mso-text-raise: -3.0pt; position: relative; top: 3.0pt;">4</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 4.5pt; mso-font-width: 102%;">+</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> <td style="border-left: none; border: solid black 1.0pt; height: 22.1pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-height-rule: exactly; padding: 0in 0in 0in 0in; width: 29.6pt;" valign="top" width="39"> <div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 5.5pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: .2pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 5.25pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 7.5pt; letter-spacing: .05pt; mso-font-width: 102%; mso-text-raise: -3.0pt; position: relative; top: 3.0pt;">3</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 4.5pt; mso-font-width: 102%;">+</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> <td style="border-left: none; border: solid black 1.0pt; height: 22.1pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-height-rule: exactly; padding: 0in 0in 0in 0in; width: 29.5pt;" valign="top" width="39"> <div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 5.5pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: .2pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 5.1pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 7.5pt; letter-spacing: .05pt; mso-font-width: 102%; mso-text-raise: -3.0pt; position: relative; top: 3.0pt;">5</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 4.5pt; mso-font-width: 102%;">+</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> <td style="border-left: none; border: solid black 1.0pt; height: 22.1pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-height-rule: exactly; padding: 0in 0in 0in 0in; width: 29.4pt;" valign="top" width="39"> <div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 6.0pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: .15pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 6.45pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 7.5pt;">4</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> <td style="border-left: none; border: solid black 1.0pt; height: 22.1pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-height-rule: exactly; padding: 0in 0in 0in 0in; width: 29.6pt;" valign="top" width="39"> <div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 6.0pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: .15pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 6.55pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 7.5pt;">3</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> <td style="border-left: none; border: solid black 1.0pt; height: 22.1pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-height-rule: exactly; padding: 0in 0in 0in 0in; width: 29.6pt;" valign="top" width="39"> <div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 5.5pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: .2pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 5.25pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 7.5pt; letter-spacing: .05pt; mso-font-width: 102%; mso-text-raise: -3.0pt; position: relative; top: 3.0pt;">2</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 4.5pt; mso-font-width: 102%;">+</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> <td style="border-left: none; border: solid black 1.0pt; height: 22.1pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-height-rule: exactly; padding: 0in 0in 0in 0in; width: 29.4pt;" valign="top" width="39"> <div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 5.5pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: .2pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 5.1pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 7.5pt; letter-spacing: .05pt; mso-font-width: 102%; mso-text-raise: -3.0pt; position: relative; top: 3.0pt;">1</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 4.5pt; mso-font-width: 102%;">+</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> <td style="border-left: none; border: solid black 1.0pt; height: 22.1pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-height-rule: exactly; padding: 0in 0in 0in 0in; width: 29.55pt;" valign="top" width="39"> <div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 6.0pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: .15pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 6.55pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 7.5pt;">5</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
</tbody></table><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 41.45pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: .9pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 9.0pt; letter-spacing: .1pt;">P</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 9.0pt; letter-spacing: .05pt;">a</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 9.0pt; letter-spacing: -.1pt;">g</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 9.0pt;">e<span style="letter-spacing: .75pt;"> </span><span>R</span><span style="letter-spacing: .05pt; mso-font-width: 104%;">e</span><span>f</span><span style="letter-spacing: .05pt; mso-font-width: 104%;">e</span><span>r</span><span style="letter-spacing: .15pt; mso-font-width: 104%;">e</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt; mso-font-width: 103%;">n</span><span style="letter-spacing: .05pt; mso-font-width: 104%;">c</span><span>e</span><o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 13.0pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: .45pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 102%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 52.7pt; margin-right: 27.45pt; margin-top: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">For<span style="letter-spacing: .65pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;">a</span><span style="letter-spacing: .1pt;">l</span>lo<span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;">ca</span>t<span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;">e</span>d<span style="letter-spacing: .7pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: .15pt;">pa</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;">g</span>e<span style="letter-spacing: .65pt;"> </span>b<span style="letter-spacing: .1pt;">l</span>o<span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;">c</span><span style="letter-spacing: .15pt;">k</span>s<span style="letter-spacing: .75pt;"> </span>4,<span style="letter-spacing: .85pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;">w</span>e<span style="letter-spacing: .8pt;"> </span>h<span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;">a</span><span style="letter-spacing: .15pt;">v</span>e<span style="letter-spacing: .75pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">f</span>ollo<span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;">w</span>i<span style="letter-spacing: .15pt;">n</span>g<span style="letter-spacing: .65pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: .1pt;">F</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.15pt;">I</span><span style="letter-spacing: .1pt;">F</span>O<span style="letter-spacing: .85pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;">a</span>l<span style="letter-spacing: .1pt;">l</span>o<span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;">ca</span><span style="letter-spacing: .1pt;">t</span>ion.<span style="letter-spacing: .8pt;"> </span>P<span style="letter-spacing: .15pt;">a</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;">g</span>e<span style="letter-spacing: .75pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">r</span><span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;">e</span><span style="letter-spacing: .1pt;">f</span><span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;">e</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">r</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;">e</span>n<span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;">c</span>e<span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;"> </span>m<span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;">a</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">r</span>k<span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;">e</span>d<span style="letter-spacing: .15pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;">w</span><span style="letter-spacing: .1pt;">i</span>th<span style="letter-spacing: .15pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">‘</span><span style="letter-spacing: .15pt;">+</span>’<span style="letter-spacing: .15pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;">ca</span>u<span style="letter-spacing: .2pt;">s</span>e<span style="letter-spacing: .15pt;"> </span>p<span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;">a</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;">g</span>e<span style="letter-spacing: .25pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">f</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;">a</span>u<span style="letter-spacing: .1pt;">l</span>t<span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;"> a</span>nd<span style="letter-spacing: .1pt;"> r</span><span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;">e</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">s</span>u<span style="letter-spacing: .1pt;">l</span>t<span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: .1pt;">i</span>n<span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;"> </span>p<span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;">a</span>ge<span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt; mso-font-width: 102%;">r</span><span style="letter-spacing: .05pt; mso-font-width: 102%;">e</span><span>pl<span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;">ac</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;">e</span>m<span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;">e</span>nt.</span><o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 12.0pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 1.0pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;"><br />
</div><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="MsoNormalTable" style="border-collapse: collapse; margin-left: 56.5pt; mso-padding-alt: 0in 0in 0in 0in; mso-table-layout-alt: fixed;"><tbody>
<tr style="height: 13.45pt; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-yfti-firstrow: yes; mso-yfti-irow: 0;"> <td style="border: solid black 1.0pt; height: 13.45pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-height-rule: exactly; padding: 0in 0in 0in 0in; width: 29.3pt;" valign="top" width="39"> <div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;"><br />
</div></td> <td style="border-left: none; border: solid black 1.0pt; height: 13.45pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-height-rule: exactly; padding: 0in 0in 0in 0in; width: 29.3pt;" valign="top" width="39"> <div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;"><br />
</div></td> <td style="border-left: none; border: solid black 1.0pt; height: 13.45pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-height-rule: exactly; padding: 0in 0in 0in 0in; width: 29.25pt;" valign="top" width="39"> <div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;"><br />
</div></td> <td style="border-left: none; border: solid black 1.0pt; height: 13.45pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-height-rule: exactly; padding: 0in 0in 0in 0in; width: 29.25pt;" valign="top" width="39"> <div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 12.55pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 4.75pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-font-width: 102%;">2</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> <td style="border-left: none; border: solid black 1.0pt; height: 13.45pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-height-rule: exactly; padding: 0in 0in 0in 0in; width: 29.2pt;" valign="top" width="39"> <div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 12.55pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 4.85pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-font-width: 102%;">2</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> <td style="border-left: none; border: solid black 1.0pt; height: 13.45pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-height-rule: exactly; padding: 0in 0in 0in 0in; width: 29.2pt;" valign="top" width="39"> <div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 12.55pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 4.75pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-font-width: 102%;">2</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> <td style="border-left: none; border: solid black 1.0pt; height: 13.45pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-height-rule: exactly; padding: 0in 0in 0in 0in; width: 29.25pt;" valign="top" width="39"> <div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 12.55pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 4.85pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-font-width: 102%;">2</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> <td style="border-left: none; border: solid black 1.0pt; height: 13.45pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-height-rule: exactly; padding: 0in 0in 0in 0in; width: 29.2pt;" valign="top" width="39"> <div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 12.55pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 4.75pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-font-width: 102%;">2</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> <td style="border-left: none; border: solid black 1.0pt; height: 13.45pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-height-rule: exactly; padding: 0in 0in 0in 0in; width: 29.35pt;" valign="top" width="39"> <div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 12.55pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 4.85pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-font-width: 102%;">2</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> <td style="border-left: none; border: solid black 1.0pt; height: 13.45pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-height-rule: exactly; padding: 0in 0in 0in 0in; width: 29.15pt;" valign="top" width="39"> <div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 12.55pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 4.75pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-font-width: 102%;">3</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> <td style="border-left: none; border: solid black 1.0pt; height: 13.45pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-height-rule: exactly; padding: 0in 0in 0in 0in; width: 29.3pt;" valign="top" width="39"> <div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 12.55pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 4.85pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-font-width: 102%;">3</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> <td style="border-left: none; border: solid black 1.0pt; height: 13.45pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-height-rule: exactly; padding: 0in 0in 0in 0in; width: 29.15pt;" valign="top" width="39"> <div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 12.55pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 4.75pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-font-width: 102%;">3</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> <td style="border-left: none; border: solid black 1.0pt; height: 13.45pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-height-rule: exactly; padding: 0in 0in 0in 0in; width: 29.3pt;" valign="top" width="39"> <div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 12.55pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 4.85pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-font-width: 102%;">3</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
<tr style="height: 13.45pt; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-yfti-irow: 1;"> <td style="border-top: none; border: solid black 1.0pt; height: 13.45pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-height-rule: exactly; padding: 0in 0in 0in 0in; width: 29.3pt;" valign="top" width="39"> <div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;"><br />
</div></td> <td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 13.45pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-height-rule: exactly; padding: 0in 0in 0in 0in; width: 29.3pt;" valign="top" width="39"> <div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;"><br />
</div></td> <td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 13.45pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-height-rule: exactly; padding: 0in 0in 0in 0in; width: 29.25pt;" valign="top" width="39"> <div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 12.55pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 4.75pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-font-width: 102%;">3</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> <td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 13.45pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-height-rule: exactly; padding: 0in 0in 0in 0in; width: 29.25pt;" valign="top" width="39"> <div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 12.55pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 4.75pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-font-width: 102%;">3</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> <td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 13.45pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-height-rule: exactly; padding: 0in 0in 0in 0in; width: 29.2pt;" valign="top" width="39"> <div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 12.55pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 4.85pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-font-width: 102%;">3</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> <td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 13.45pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-height-rule: exactly; padding: 0in 0in 0in 0in; width: 29.2pt;" valign="top" width="39"> <div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 12.55pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 4.75pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-font-width: 102%;">3</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> <td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 13.45pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-height-rule: exactly; padding: 0in 0in 0in 0in; width: 29.25pt;" valign="top" width="39"> <div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 12.55pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 4.85pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-font-width: 102%;">3</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> <td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 13.45pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-height-rule: exactly; padding: 0in 0in 0in 0in; width: 29.2pt;" valign="top" width="39"> <div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 12.55pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 4.75pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-font-width: 102%;">3</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> <td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 13.45pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-height-rule: exactly; padding: 0in 0in 0in 0in; width: 29.35pt;" valign="top" width="39"> <div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 12.55pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 4.85pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-font-width: 102%;">4</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> <td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 13.45pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-height-rule: exactly; padding: 0in 0in 0in 0in; width: 29.15pt;" valign="top" width="39"> <div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 12.55pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 4.75pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-font-width: 102%;">4</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> <td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 13.45pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-height-rule: exactly; padding: 0in 0in 0in 0in; width: 29.3pt;" valign="top" width="39"> <div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 12.55pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 4.85pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-font-width: 102%;">4</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> <td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 13.45pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-height-rule: exactly; padding: 0in 0in 0in 0in; width: 29.15pt;" valign="top" width="39"> <div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 12.55pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 4.75pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-font-width: 102%;">4</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> <td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 13.45pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-height-rule: exactly; padding: 0in 0in 0in 0in; width: 29.3pt;" valign="top" width="39"> <div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 12.55pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 4.85pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-font-width: 102%;">5</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
<tr style="height: 13.45pt; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-yfti-irow: 2;"> <td style="border-top: none; border: solid black 1.0pt; height: 13.45pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-height-rule: exactly; padding: 0in 0in 0in 0in; width: 29.3pt;" valign="top" width="39"> <div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;"><br />
</div></td> <td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 13.45pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-height-rule: exactly; padding: 0in 0in 0in 0in; width: 29.3pt;" valign="top" width="39"> <div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 12.4pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 4.85pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-font-width: 102%;">4</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> <td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 13.45pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-height-rule: exactly; padding: 0in 0in 0in 0in; width: 29.25pt;" valign="top" width="39"> <div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 12.4pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 4.75pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-font-width: 102%;">4</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> <td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 13.45pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-height-rule: exactly; padding: 0in 0in 0in 0in; width: 29.25pt;" valign="top" width="39"> <div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 12.4pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 4.75pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-font-width: 102%;">4</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> <td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 13.45pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-height-rule: exactly; padding: 0in 0in 0in 0in; width: 29.2pt;" valign="top" width="39"> <div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 12.4pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 4.85pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-font-width: 102%;">4</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> <td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 13.45pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-height-rule: exactly; padding: 0in 0in 0in 0in; width: 29.2pt;" valign="top" width="39"> <div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 12.4pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 4.75pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-font-width: 102%;">4</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> <td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 13.45pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-height-rule: exactly; padding: 0in 0in 0in 0in; width: 29.25pt;" valign="top" width="39"> <div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 12.4pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 4.85pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-font-width: 102%;">4</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> <td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 13.45pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-height-rule: exactly; padding: 0in 0in 0in 0in; width: 29.2pt;" valign="top" width="39"> <div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 12.4pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 4.75pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-font-width: 102%;">5</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> <td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 13.45pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-height-rule: exactly; padding: 0in 0in 0in 0in; width: 29.35pt;" valign="top" width="39"> <div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 12.4pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 4.85pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-font-width: 102%;">5</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> <td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 13.45pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-height-rule: exactly; padding: 0in 0in 0in 0in; width: 29.15pt;" valign="top" width="39"> <div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 12.4pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 4.75pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-font-width: 102%;">5</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> <td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 13.45pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-height-rule: exactly; padding: 0in 0in 0in 0in; width: 29.3pt;" valign="top" width="39"> <div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 12.4pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 4.85pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-font-width: 102%;">5</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> <td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 13.45pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-height-rule: exactly; padding: 0in 0in 0in 0in; width: 29.15pt;" valign="top" width="39"> <div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 12.4pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 4.75pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-font-width: 102%;">1</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> <td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 13.45pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-height-rule: exactly; padding: 0in 0in 0in 0in; width: 29.3pt;" valign="top" width="39"> <div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 12.4pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 4.85pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-font-width: 102%;">1</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
<tr style="height: 13.5pt; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-yfti-irow: 3; mso-yfti-lastrow: yes;"> <td style="border-top: none; border: solid black 1.0pt; height: 13.5pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-height-rule: exactly; padding: 0in 0in 0in 0in; width: 29.3pt;" valign="top" width="39"> <div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 12.55pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 4.75pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-font-width: 102%;">5</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> <td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 13.5pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-height-rule: exactly; padding: 0in 0in 0in 0in; width: 29.3pt;" valign="top" width="39"> <div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 12.55pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 4.85pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-font-width: 102%;">5</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> <td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 13.5pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-height-rule: exactly; padding: 0in 0in 0in 0in; width: 29.25pt;" valign="top" width="39"> <div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 12.55pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 4.75pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-font-width: 102%;">5</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> <td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 13.5pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-height-rule: exactly; padding: 0in 0in 0in 0in; width: 29.25pt;" valign="top" width="39"> <div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 12.55pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 4.75pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-font-width: 102%;">5</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> <td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 13.5pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-height-rule: exactly; padding: 0in 0in 0in 0in; width: 29.2pt;" valign="top" width="39"> <div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 12.55pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 4.85pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-font-width: 102%;">1</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> <td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 13.5pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-height-rule: exactly; padding: 0in 0in 0in 0in; width: 29.2pt;" valign="top" width="39"> <div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 12.55pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 4.75pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-font-width: 102%;">1</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> <td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 13.5pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-height-rule: exactly; padding: 0in 0in 0in 0in; width: 29.25pt;" valign="top" width="39"> <div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 12.55pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 4.85pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-font-width: 102%;">1</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> <td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 13.5pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-height-rule: exactly; padding: 0in 0in 0in 0in; width: 29.2pt;" valign="top" width="39"> <div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 12.55pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 4.75pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-font-width: 102%;">1</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> <td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 13.5pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-height-rule: exactly; padding: 0in 0in 0in 0in; width: 29.35pt;" valign="top" width="39"> <div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 12.55pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 4.85pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-font-width: 102%;">1</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> <td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 13.5pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-height-rule: exactly; padding: 0in 0in 0in 0in; width: 29.15pt;" valign="top" width="39"> <div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 12.55pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 4.75pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-font-width: 102%;">1</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> <td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 13.5pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-height-rule: exactly; padding: 0in 0in 0in 0in; width: 29.3pt;" valign="top" width="39"> <div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 12.55pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 4.85pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-font-width: 102%;">2</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> <td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 13.5pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-height-rule: exactly; padding: 0in 0in 0in 0in; width: 29.15pt;" valign="top" width="39"> <div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 12.55pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 4.75pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-font-width: 102%;">2</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> <td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 13.5pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-height-rule: exactly; padding: 0in 0in 0in 0in; width: 29.3pt;" valign="top" width="39"> <div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 12.55pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 4.85pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-font-width: 102%;">2</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
</tbody></table><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 10.0pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 13.0pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: .9pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;"><br />
</div><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="MsoNormalTable" style="border-collapse: collapse; margin-left: 58.7pt; mso-padding-alt: 0in 0in 0in 0in; mso-table-layout-alt: fixed;"><tbody>
<tr style="height: 24.3pt; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-yfti-firstrow: yes; mso-yfti-irow: 0; mso-yfti-lastrow: yes;"> <td style="border: solid black 1.0pt; height: 24.3pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-height-rule: exactly; padding: 0in 0in 0in 0in; width: 29.6pt;" valign="top" width="39"> <div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 6.5pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: .4pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 5.1pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 7.5pt; letter-spacing: .05pt; mso-font-width: 102%; mso-text-raise: -3.0pt; position: relative; top: 3.0pt;">5</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 4.5pt; mso-font-width: 102%;">+</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> <td style="border-left: none; border: solid black 1.0pt; height: 24.3pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-height-rule: exactly; padding: 0in 0in 0in 0in; width: 29.55pt;" valign="top" width="39"> <div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 6.5pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: .4pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 5.1pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 7.5pt; letter-spacing: .05pt; mso-font-width: 102%; mso-text-raise: -3.0pt; position: relative; top: 3.0pt;">4</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 4.5pt; mso-font-width: 102%;">+</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> <td style="border-left: none; border: solid black 1.0pt; height: 24.3pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-height-rule: exactly; padding: 0in 0in 0in 0in; width: 29.55pt;" valign="top" width="39"> <div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 6.5pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: .4pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 5.1pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 7.5pt; letter-spacing: .05pt; mso-font-width: 102%; mso-text-raise: -3.0pt; position: relative; top: 3.0pt;">3</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 4.5pt; mso-font-width: 102%;">+</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> <td style="border-left: none; border: solid black 1.0pt; height: 24.3pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-height-rule: exactly; padding: 0in 0in 0in 0in; width: 29.6pt;" valign="top" width="39"> <div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 6.5pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: .4pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 5.25pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 7.5pt; letter-spacing: .05pt; mso-font-width: 102%; mso-text-raise: -3.0pt; position: relative; top: 3.0pt;">2</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 4.5pt; mso-font-width: 102%;">+</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> <td style="border-left: none; border: solid black 1.0pt; height: 24.3pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-height-rule: exactly; padding: 0in 0in 0in 0in; width: 29.5pt;" valign="top" width="39"> <div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 6.5pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: .4pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 5.1pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 7.5pt; letter-spacing: .05pt; mso-font-width: 102%; mso-text-raise: -3.0pt; position: relative; top: 3.0pt;">1</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 4.5pt; mso-font-width: 102%;">+</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> <td style="border-left: none; border: solid black 1.0pt; height: 24.3pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-height-rule: exactly; padding: 0in 0in 0in 0in; width: 29.55pt;" valign="top" width="39"> <div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 7.0pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: .35pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 6.45pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 7.5pt;">4</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> <td style="border-left: none; border: solid black 1.0pt; height: 24.3pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-height-rule: exactly; padding: 0in 0in 0in 0in; width: 29.7pt;" valign="top" width="40"> <div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 7.0pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: .35pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 6.55pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 7.5pt;">3</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> <td style="border-left: none; border: solid black 1.0pt; height: 24.3pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-height-rule: exactly; padding: 0in 0in 0in 0in; width: 29.55pt;" valign="top" width="39"> <div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 6.5pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: .4pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 5.25pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 7.5pt; letter-spacing: .05pt; mso-font-width: 102%; mso-text-raise: -3.0pt; position: relative; top: 3.0pt;">5</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 4.5pt; mso-font-width: 102%;">+</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> <td style="border-left: none; border: solid black 1.0pt; height: 24.3pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-height-rule: exactly; padding: 0in 0in 0in 0in; width: 29.55pt;" valign="top" width="39"> <div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 6.5pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: .4pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 5.1pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 7.5pt; letter-spacing: .05pt; mso-font-width: 102%; mso-text-raise: -3.0pt; position: relative; top: 3.0pt;">4</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 4.5pt; mso-font-width: 102%;">+</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> <td style="border-left: none; border: solid black 1.0pt; height: 24.3pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-height-rule: exactly; padding: 0in 0in 0in 0in; width: 29.5pt;" valign="top" width="39"> <div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 6.5pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: .4pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 5.1pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 7.5pt; letter-spacing: .05pt; mso-font-width: 102%; mso-text-raise: -3.0pt; position: relative; top: 3.0pt;">3</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 4.5pt; mso-font-width: 102%;">+</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> <td style="border-left: none; border: solid black 1.0pt; height: 24.3pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-height-rule: exactly; padding: 0in 0in 0in 0in; width: 29.65pt;" valign="top" width="40"> <div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 6.5pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: .4pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 5.25pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 7.5pt; letter-spacing: -.05pt; mso-text-raise: -3.0pt; position: relative; top: 3.0pt;">2</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 4.5pt; mso-font-width: 105%;">+</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> <td style="border-left: none; border: solid black 1.0pt; height: 24.3pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-height-rule: exactly; padding: 0in 0in 0in 0in; width: 29.5pt;" valign="top" width="39"> <div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 6.5pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: .4pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 5.1pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 7.5pt; letter-spacing: .05pt; mso-font-width: 102%; mso-text-raise: -3.0pt; position: relative; top: 3.0pt;">1</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 4.5pt; mso-font-width: 102%;">+</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> <td style="border-left: none; border: solid black 1.0pt; height: 24.3pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-height-rule: exactly; padding: 0in 0in 0in 0in; width: 29.65pt;" valign="top" width="40"> <div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 6.5pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: .4pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 5.1pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 7.5pt; letter-spacing: .05pt; mso-font-width: 102%; mso-text-raise: -3.0pt; position: relative; top: 3.0pt;">5</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 4.5pt; mso-font-width: 102%;">+</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
</tbody></table><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 61.85pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 3.0pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; letter-spacing: -.05pt;">T</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">o<span style="letter-spacing: .1pt;">t</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;">a</span>l<span style="letter-spacing: .25pt;"> </span>numb<span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;">e</span>r<span style="letter-spacing: .45pt;"> </span>of<span style="letter-spacing: .25pt;"> </span>p<span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;">a</span>ge<span style="letter-spacing: .15pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">f</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;">a</span><span style="letter-spacing: .15pt;">u</span><span style="letter-spacing: .1pt;">l</span>ts<span style="letter-spacing: .1pt;"> </span>=10<span style="letter-spacing: .3pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;">w</span>h<span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;">e</span>n<span style="letter-spacing: .3pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;">a</span>l<span style="letter-spacing: .1pt;">l</span>o<span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;">ca</span><span style="letter-spacing: .1pt;">t</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;">e</span>d<span style="letter-spacing: .25pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: .15pt;">p</span><span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;">a</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;">g</span>e<span style="letter-spacing: .15pt;"> </span><span>bl<span style="letter-spacing: .15pt;">o</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;">c</span>k<span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;">s</span>=3</span><o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 61.85pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: .4pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; letter-spacing: -.05pt;">T</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">o<span style="letter-spacing: .1pt;">t</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;">a</span>l<span style="letter-spacing: .25pt;"> </span>numb<span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;">e</span>r<span style="letter-spacing: .45pt;"> </span>of<span style="letter-spacing: .25pt;"> </span>p<span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;">a</span>ge<span style="letter-spacing: .15pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">f</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;">a</span><span style="letter-spacing: .15pt;">u</span><span style="letter-spacing: .1pt;">l</span>ts<span style="letter-spacing: .1pt;"> </span>=11<span style="letter-spacing: .3pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;">w</span>h<span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;">e</span>n<span style="letter-spacing: .3pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;">a</span>l<span style="letter-spacing: .1pt;">l</span>o<span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;">ca</span><span style="letter-spacing: .1pt;">t</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;">e</span>d<span style="letter-spacing: .25pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: .15pt;">p</span><span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;">a</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;">g</span>e<span style="letter-spacing: .15pt;"> </span><span>bl<span style="letter-spacing: .15pt;">o</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;">c</span>k<span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;">s</span>=4</span><o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 13.0pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: .25pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 102%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 41.45pt; margin-right: 27.3pt; margin-top: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; tab-stops: 402.0pt; text-autospace: none; text-indent: -33.85pt;"><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">Q<span style="letter-spacing: .2pt;">.</span>3<span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;">6</span>.<span style="letter-spacing: .25pt;"> </span></span></b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; letter-spacing: .05pt;">W</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">h<span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;">a</span>t<span style="letter-spacing: 1.4pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;">a</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">r</span>e<span style="letter-spacing: 1.45pt;"> </span>t<span style="letter-spacing: .15pt;">h</span>e<span style="letter-spacing: 1.3pt;"> </span>di<span style="letter-spacing: .1pt;">f</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">f</span><span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;">e</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">r</span><span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;">e</span>nt<span style="letter-spacing: 1.35pt;"> </span>p<span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;">a</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">r</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;">a</span><span style="letter-spacing: .1pt;">m</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;">e</span>t<span style="letter-spacing: .15pt;">e</span>r<span style="letter-spacing: 1.4pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: .15pt;">p</span><span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;">a</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">s</span><span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;">s</span>ing<span style="letter-spacing: 1.45pt;"> </span>m<span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;">e</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;">c</span>h<span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;">a</span>n<span style="letter-spacing: .1pt;">i</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">s</span><span style="letter-spacing: .1pt;">m</span>s<span style="letter-spacing: 1.3pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: .1pt;">t</span>o<span style="letter-spacing: 1.25pt;"> </span>a<span style="letter-spacing: 1.45pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">f</span>u<span style="letter-spacing: .15pt;">n</span><span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;">c</span>tio<span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;">n</span>?<span style="letter-spacing: 1.4pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: .1pt;">E</span><span style="letter-spacing: .15pt;">x</span>pl<span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;">a</span><span style="letter-spacing: .1pt;">i</span>n<span style="letter-spacing: 1.45pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;">w</span>i<span style="letter-spacing: .1pt;">t</span>h<span style="letter-spacing: .15pt;"> </span>the<span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;"> </span><span>h<span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;">e</span>lp</span> <span>of</span><span style="letter-spacing: .1pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;">e</span><span style="letter-spacing: .15pt;">x</span><span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;">a</span>mpl<span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;">e</span>?<span style="letter-spacing: -2.4pt;"> </span><span> </span><b><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt; mso-font-width: 102%;">(</span><span>8)</span></b><o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 8.5pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: .35pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 10.0pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 41.45pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;"><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; letter-spacing: .05pt; mso-font-width: 102%;">A</span></b><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; letter-spacing: -.15pt; mso-font-width: 102%;">n</span></b><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; letter-spacing: .05pt; mso-font-width: 102%;">s</span></b><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-font-width: 102%;">:</span></b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";"><o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 5.5pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: .2pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 41.45pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; letter-spacing: -.05pt;">T</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">he<span style="letter-spacing: .2pt;"> </span>v<span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;">a</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">r</span>ious<span style="letter-spacing: .15pt;"> </span>p<span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;">a</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">r</span><span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;">a</span>m<span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;">e</span><span style="letter-spacing: .1pt;">t</span><span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;">e</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">r-</span><span style="letter-spacing: .15pt;">p</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;">a</span><span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;">ss</span>ing<span style="letter-spacing: .1pt;"> </span>m<span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;">ec</span>h<span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;">a</span>ni<span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;">s</span>ms<span style="letter-spacing: .2pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: .05pt; mso-font-width: 102%;">a</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt; mso-font-width: 102%;">r</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt; mso-font-width: 102%;">e</span><span>:</span><o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 49.95pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: .3pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; tab-stops: 68.0pt; text-autospace: none;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">1.<span style="letter-spacing: -2.6pt;"> </span><span> </span><span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;">C</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;">a</span>ll<span style="letter-spacing: .25pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: .15pt;">b</span>y <span>v<span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;">a</span>lue</span><o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 51.65pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: .3pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">2. <span style="letter-spacing: 2.35pt;"><span> </span></span><span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;">C</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;">a</span>ll<span style="letter-spacing: .25pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: .15pt;">b</span>y <span>v<span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;">a</span>lu<span style="letter-spacing: .15pt;">e</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">-r</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;">e</span><span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;">s</span>ult</span><o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 51.65pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: .3pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">3. <span style="letter-spacing: 2.35pt;"><span> </span></span><span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;">C</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;">a</span>ll<span style="letter-spacing: .25pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: .15pt;">b</span>y <span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt; mso-font-width: 102%;">r</span><span style="letter-spacing: .05pt; mso-font-width: 102%;">e</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt; mso-font-width: 102%;">f</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt; mso-font-width: 102%;">e</span><span style="letter-spacing: .1pt; mso-font-width: 102%;">r</span><span style="letter-spacing: .05pt; mso-font-width: 102%;">e</span><span>n<span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;">c</span>e</span><o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 51.65pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: .4pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">4. <span style="letter-spacing: 2.35pt;"><span> </span></span><span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;">C</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;">a</span>ll<span style="letter-spacing: .25pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: .15pt;">b</span>y <span>n<span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;">a</span>me</span><o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 102%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 41.45pt; margin-right: 24.35pt; margin-top: .3pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; letter-spacing: -.15pt;">I</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">n<span style="letter-spacing: .2pt;"> </span><b><span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;">c</span>all<span style="letter-spacing: .35pt;"> </span>by<span style="letter-spacing: .35pt;"> </span>value<span style="letter-spacing: .5pt;"> </span></b>m<span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;">e</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;">c</span>h<span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;">a</span>n<span style="letter-spacing: .1pt;">i</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">s</span><span style="letter-spacing: .1pt;">m</span>,<span style="letter-spacing: .25pt;"> </span>the<span style="letter-spacing: .3pt;"> </span>v<span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;">a</span><span style="letter-spacing: .1pt;">l</span>u<span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;">e</span>s<span style="letter-spacing: .15pt;"> </span>of<span style="letter-spacing: .25pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;">ac</span><span style="letter-spacing: .1pt;">t</span><span style="letter-spacing: .15pt;">u</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;">a</span>l<span style="letter-spacing: .2pt;"> </span>p<span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;">a</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">r</span><span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;">a</span>m<span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;">e</span><span style="letter-spacing: .1pt;">t</span><span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;">e</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">r</span>s<span style="letter-spacing: .15pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;">a</span><span style="letter-spacing: .1pt;">r</span>e<span style="letter-spacing: .15pt;"> </span>p<span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;">a</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">s</span><span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;">s</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;">e</span>d<span style="letter-spacing: .25pt;"> </span>to<span style="letter-spacing: .3pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: .1pt;">t</span>he<span style="letter-spacing: .1pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;">ca</span><span style="letter-spacing: .1pt;">l</span>l<span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;">e</span>d<span style="letter-spacing: .1pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">f</span>un<span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;">c</span><span style="letter-spacing: .1pt;">t</span>ion.<span style="letter-spacing: .1pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">T</span>h<span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;">e</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">s</span>e<span style="letter-spacing: .15pt;"> </span>v<span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;">a</span>l<span style="letter-spacing: .15pt;">u</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;">e</span>s<span style="letter-spacing: .15pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;">a</span><span style="letter-spacing: .1pt;">r</span>e<span style="letter-spacing: .15pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;">a</span><span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;">s</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">s</span><span style="letter-spacing: .1pt;">i</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;">g</span><span style="letter-spacing: .15pt;">n</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;">e</span>d<span style="letter-spacing: .1pt;"> t</span>o<span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: .1pt;">t</span>he <span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;">c</span>o<span style="letter-spacing: .1pt;">r</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">r</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;">e</span><span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;">s</span><span style="letter-spacing: .15pt;">p</span>onding<span style="letter-spacing: .1pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">f</span>o<span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">r</span><span style="letter-spacing: .1pt;">m</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;">a</span>l<span style="letter-spacing: .15pt;"> </span>p<span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;">a</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">r</span><span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;">a</span><span style="letter-spacing: .1pt;">m</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;">e</span><span style="letter-spacing: .1pt;">t</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;">e</span><span style="letter-spacing: .1pt;">r</span><span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;">s</span>.<span style="letter-spacing: .3pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -.15pt;">I</span>f<span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;"> </span>a<span style="letter-spacing: .1pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">f</span>un<span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;">c</span><span style="letter-spacing: .1pt;">t</span>ion<span style="letter-spacing: .15pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;">c</span>h<span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;">a</span><span style="letter-spacing: .15pt;">n</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;">g</span><span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;">e</span>s<span style="letter-spacing: .15pt;"> </span><span>t<span style="letter-spacing: .15pt;">h</span>e</span><span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;"> </span>v<span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;">a</span><span style="letter-spacing: .25pt;">l</span>ue<span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;"> </span>of<span style="letter-spacing: .25pt;"> </span>a<span style="letter-spacing: .15pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">f</span><span style="letter-spacing: .15pt;">o</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">r</span>m<span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;">a</span>l<span style="letter-spacing: .15pt;"> </span>p<span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;">a</span><span style="letter-spacing: .1pt;">r</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;">a</span>m<span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;">e</span>t<span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;">e</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">r</span>,<span style="letter-spacing: .3pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: .1pt;">t</span>he <span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;">c</span>h<span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;">a</span><span style="letter-spacing: .15pt;">n</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;">g</span>e<span style="letter-spacing: .15pt;"> </span>is<span style="letter-spacing: .2pt;"> </span>not<span style="letter-spacing: .35pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: .1pt;">r</span><span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;">e</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">f</span>l<span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;">e</span><span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;">c</span><span style="letter-spacing: .1pt;">t</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;">e</span>d<span style="letter-spacing: .2pt;"> </span>on<span style="letter-spacing: .2pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: .1pt;">t</span>he<span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;">c</span>o<span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">rr</span><span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;">e</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">s</span>pond<span style="letter-spacing: .1pt;">i</span><span style="letter-spacing: .15pt;">n</span>g <span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;">a</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;">c</span>tu<span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;">a</span>l<span style="letter-spacing: .1pt;"> </span><span>p<span style="letter-spacing: .15pt;">a</span><span style="letter-spacing: .1pt;">r</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;">a</span>m<span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;">e</span>t<span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;">e</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">r</span>.</span> <span style="letter-spacing: .2pt;"><span> </span></span><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">T</span>h<span style="letter-spacing: .1pt;">i</span>s<span style="letter-spacing: .15pt;"> </span>is<span style="letter-spacing: .2pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;">c</span>ommon<span style="letter-spacing: .1pt;">l</span>y u<span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;">s</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;">e</span>d<span style="letter-spacing: .35pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">f</span>or<span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;"> </span>bui<span style="letter-spacing: .1pt;">l</span>t<span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">-</span>in<span style="letter-spacing: .4pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">f</span>un<span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;">c</span><span style="letter-spacing: .1pt;">ti</span>ons<span style="letter-spacing: .1pt;"> </span>of<span style="letter-spacing: .25pt;"> </span><span>the</span><o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 12.0pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: .75pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;"><br />
</div><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 212.15pt; margin-right: 221.9pt; margin-top: 1.4pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: center; text-autospace: none;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-font-width: 102%;">34</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";"><o:p></o:p></span></div></div><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 11.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;"><br clear="all" style="mso-break-type: section-break; page-break-before: always;" /> </span> <div class="WordSection5"> <div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 7.6pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 3.0pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; tab-stops: 246.0pt; text-autospace: none;"><b><u><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; letter-spacing: .05pt;">D</span></u></b><b><u><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; letter-spacing: -.1pt;">C</span></u></b><b><u><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">14 <span> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -.15pt;">S</span>y<span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;">s</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">t</span><span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;">e</span>m<span style="letter-spacing: .15pt;"> </span>So<span style="letter-spacing: .1pt;">f</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">t</span><span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;">w</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;">a</span><span style="letter-spacing: .15pt;">r</span>e and<span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: .1pt;">O</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.15pt;">p</span><span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;">er</span>a<span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">t</span>ing<span style="letter-spacing: .1pt;"> </span>Sy<span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;">s</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">t</span><span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;">e</span>m</span></u></b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";"><o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 11.0pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: .6pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 102%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 41.45pt; margin-right: 55.95pt; margin-top: 1.4pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">l<span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;">a</span>n<span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;">g</span><span style="letter-spacing: .15pt;">u</span><span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;">a</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;">ge</span>.<span style="letter-spacing: .25pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -.15pt;">I</span><span style="letter-spacing: .1pt;">t</span>s<span style="letter-spacing: .1pt;"> </span>m<span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;">a</span>in<span style="letter-spacing: .15pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;">a</span>d<span style="letter-spacing: .15pt;">v</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;">a</span><span style="letter-spacing: .15pt;">n</span>t<span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;">a</span>ge<span style="letter-spacing: .15pt;"> </span>is<span style="letter-spacing: .2pt;"> </span>i<span style="letter-spacing: .1pt;">t</span>s<span style="letter-spacing: .1pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;">s</span>impl<span style="letter-spacing: .1pt;">i</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;">c</span>i<span style="letter-spacing: .25pt;">t</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.35pt;">y</span>.<span style="letter-spacing: .2pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">T</span>he<span style="letter-spacing: .25pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;">c</span>o<span style="letter-spacing: .1pt;">m</span>pil<span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;">e</span>r<span style="letter-spacing: .1pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;">c</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;">a</span>n<span style="letter-spacing: .1pt;"> tr</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;">ea</span>t<span style="letter-spacing: .15pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt; mso-font-width: 102%;">f</span><span>o<span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">r</span><span style="letter-spacing: .25pt;">m</span><span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;">a</span>l </span>p<span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;">a</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">r</span><span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;">a</span>m<span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;">e</span><span style="letter-spacing: .1pt;">t</span><span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;">e</span>r<span style="letter-spacing: .1pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;">a</span>s<span style="letter-spacing: .15pt;"> </span>a<span style="letter-spacing: .15pt;"> </span>l<span style="letter-spacing: .15pt;">o</span><span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;">c</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;">a</span>l<span style="letter-spacing: .15pt;"> </span>v<span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;">a</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">r</span><span style="letter-spacing: .1pt;">i</span><span style="letter-spacing: .15pt;">a</span>bl<span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;">e</span>.<span style="letter-spacing: .2pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: .1pt;">T</span>his<span style="letter-spacing: .15pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;">s</span>i<span style="letter-spacing: .1pt;">m</span>pli<span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">f</span>i<span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;">e</span>s<span style="letter-spacing: .15pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;">c</span>o<span style="letter-spacing: .1pt;">m</span>pil<span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;">a</span>tion<span style="letter-spacing: .25pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt; mso-font-width: 102%;">c</span><span>on<span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;">s</span>id<span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;">e</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">r</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;">a</span>b<span style="letter-spacing: .25pt;">l</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.25pt;">y</span>.</span><o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 102%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 41.45pt; margin-right: 13.0pt; margin-top: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;"><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; letter-spacing: .05pt;">C</span></b><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">all<span style="letter-spacing: .4pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -.15pt;">b</span>y<span style="letter-spacing: .25pt;"> </span>valu<span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;">e</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">-</span><span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;">res</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.15pt;">u</span><span style="letter-spacing: .1pt;">l</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">t</span>:<span style="letter-spacing: .35pt;"> </span></span></b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; letter-spacing: .1pt;">T</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">his<span style="letter-spacing: .15pt;"> </span>m<span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;">e</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;">c</span>h<span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;">a</span>n<span style="letter-spacing: .1pt;">i</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">s</span>m<span style="letter-spacing: .3pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;">e</span><span style="letter-spacing: .15pt;">x</span>t<span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;">e</span>nds<span style="letter-spacing: .15pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: .1pt;">t</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;">h</span>e<span style="letter-spacing: .1pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;">ca</span><span style="letter-spacing: .15pt;">p</span><span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;">a</span>bil<span style="letter-spacing: .1pt;">i</span>ti<span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;">e</span>s<span style="letter-spacing: .15pt;"> </span>of<span style="letter-spacing: .15pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: .1pt;">t</span>he <span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;">c</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;">a</span><span style="letter-spacing: .1pt;">l</span>l<span style="letter-spacing: .2pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: .15pt;">b</span>y v<span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;">a</span><span style="letter-spacing: .1pt;">l</span>ue<span style="letter-spacing: .1pt;"> </span>m<span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;">e</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;">c</span>h<span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;">a</span>n<span style="letter-spacing: .1pt;">i</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">s</span>m<span style="letter-spacing: .15pt;"> b</span>y<span style="letter-spacing: .1pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;">c</span>o<span style="letter-spacing: .25pt;">p</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.25pt;">y</span>i<span style="letter-spacing: .15pt;">n</span>g<span style="letter-spacing: .1pt;"> </span>the<span style="letter-spacing: .3pt;"> </span>v<span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;">a</span><span style="letter-spacing: .1pt;">l</span>u<span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;">e</span>s<span style="letter-spacing: .15pt;"> </span>of<span style="letter-spacing: .25pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: .1pt;">f</span>o<span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">r</span>m<span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;">a</span>l<span style="letter-spacing: .15pt;"> </span>p<span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;">a</span><span style="letter-spacing: .1pt;">r</span><span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;">a</span>m<span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;">e</span>t<span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;">e</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">r</span>s<span style="letter-spacing: .15pt;"> </span>b<span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;">a</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;">c</span>k<span style="letter-spacing: .25pt;"> </span>into<span style="letter-spacing: .45pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;">c</span><span style="letter-spacing: .15pt;">o</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">rr</span><span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;">e</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">s</span><span style="letter-spacing: .15pt;">p</span>onding<span style="letter-spacing: .1pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;">c</span><span style="letter-spacing: .1pt;">t</span>u<span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;">a</span>l<span style="letter-spacing: .1pt;"> </span>p<span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;">a</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">r</span><span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;">a</span>m<span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;">e</span><span style="letter-spacing: .1pt;">t</span><span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;">e</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">r</span>s<span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;"> a</span>t<span style="letter-spacing: .1pt;"> <span>r</span></span><span style="letter-spacing: .05pt; mso-font-width: 102%;">e</span><span>tu<span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">r</span>n.</span><span style="letter-spacing: .1pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">T</span>h<span style="letter-spacing: .25pt;">i</span>s<span style="letter-spacing: .15pt;"> </span>m<span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;">e</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;">c</span>h<span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;">a</span>n<span style="letter-spacing: .1pt;">i</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">s</span>m<span style="letter-spacing: .3pt;"> </span>inh<span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;">e</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">r</span>its<span style="letter-spacing: .45pt;"> </span>the<span style="letter-spacing: .4pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">s</span><span style="letter-spacing: .1pt;">i</span>mpl<span style="letter-spacing: .1pt;">i</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;">c</span>i<span style="letter-spacing: .25pt;">t</span>y<span style="letter-spacing: -.25pt;"> </span>of<span style="letter-spacing: .25pt;"> </span>t<span style="letter-spacing: .15pt;">h</span>e<span style="letter-spacing: .1pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;">c</span><span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;">a</span>ll<span style="letter-spacing: .2pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: .25pt;">b</span>y v<span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;">a</span>lue<span style="letter-spacing: .1pt;"> </span>m<span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;">e</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;">c</span>h<span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;">a</span>n<span style="letter-spacing: .1pt;">i</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">s</span>m<span style="letter-spacing: .15pt;"> </span>but<span style="letter-spacing: .35pt;"> </span>in<span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;">c</span>u<span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">r</span>s<span style="letter-spacing: .2pt;"> </span><span>hi<span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;">g</span>h<span style="letter-spacing: .15pt;">e</span>r</span> <span>ov<span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;">e</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">r</span><span style="letter-spacing: .15pt;">h</span><span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;">e</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;">a</span>d<span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;">s</span>.</span><o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 102%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 41.45pt; margin-right: 15.0pt; margin-top: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;"><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; letter-spacing: .05pt;">C</span></b><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">all<span style="letter-spacing: .4pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -.15pt;">b</span>y<span style="letter-spacing: .25pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;">r</span><span style="letter-spacing: .15pt;">e</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">f</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;">e</span><span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;">r</span><span style="letter-spacing: .15pt;">e</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.15pt;">n</span><span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;">ce</span>:<span style="letter-spacing: .2pt;"> </span></span></b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; letter-spacing: -.1pt;">H</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; letter-spacing: .05pt;">e</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; letter-spacing: -.05pt;">r</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">e<span style="letter-spacing: .2pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: .1pt;">t</span>he<span style="letter-spacing: .1pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;">a</span>dd<span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">r</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;">e</span><span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;">s</span>s<span style="letter-spacing: .15pt;"> </span>of<span style="letter-spacing: .35pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;">a</span>n<span style="letter-spacing: .1pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: .15pt;">a</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;">c</span>tu<span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;">a</span>l<span style="letter-spacing: .2pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: .15pt;">p</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;">a</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">r</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;">a</span><span style="letter-spacing: .1pt;">m</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;">e</span>t<span style="letter-spacing: .15pt;">e</span>r<span style="letter-spacing: .1pt;"> </span>is<span style="letter-spacing: .35pt;"> </span>p<span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;">a</span><span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;">s</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">s</span><span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;">e</span>d<span style="letter-spacing: .1pt;"> </span>to<span style="letter-spacing: .3pt;"> </span>the<span style="letter-spacing: .4pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;">c</span><span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;">a</span>ll<span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;">e</span>d<span style="letter-spacing: .1pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">f</span>un<span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;">c</span><span style="letter-spacing: .1pt;">t</span>ion.<span style="letter-spacing: .2pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -.15pt; mso-font-width: 102%;">I</span><span>f</span><span style="letter-spacing: .1pt;"> </span>the<span style="letter-spacing: .3pt;"> </span>p<span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;">a</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">r</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;">a</span><span style="letter-spacing: .1pt;">m</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;">e</span><span style="letter-spacing: .1pt;">t</span><span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;">e</span>r<span style="letter-spacing: .2pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: .1pt;">i</span>s<span style="letter-spacing: .1pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;">a</span>n<span style="letter-spacing: .25pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;">e</span><span style="letter-spacing: .15pt;">x</span>p<span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">r</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;">e</span><span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;">ss</span>ion,<span style="letter-spacing: .2pt;"> </span>i<span style="letter-spacing: .1pt;">t</span>s<span style="letter-spacing: .1pt;"> </span>v<span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;">a</span>l<span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;">u</span>e<span style="letter-spacing: .15pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: .1pt;">i</span>s<span style="letter-spacing: .1pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;">c</span>ompu<span style="letter-spacing: .1pt;">t</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;">e</span>d<span style="letter-spacing: .25pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;">a</span>nd<span style="letter-spacing: .1pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;">s</span>to<span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">r</span><span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;">e</span>d<span style="letter-spacing: .25pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: .1pt;">i</span>n<span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;"> </span>a<span style="letter-spacing: .1pt;"> </span>t<span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;">e</span>mpo<span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">r</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;">a</span><span style="letter-spacing: .2pt;">r</span>y<span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;"> </span>lo<span style="letter-spacing: .15pt;">c</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;">a</span>t<span style="letter-spacing: .1pt;">i</span>on<span style="letter-spacing: .15pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;">a</span>nd<span style="letter-spacing: .25pt;"> </span><span>the</span><span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;">a</span>dd<span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">r</span><span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;">e</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">s</span>s<span style="letter-spacing: .3pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: .15pt;">o</span>f<span style="letter-spacing: .1pt;"> </span>the<span style="letter-spacing: .3pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: .1pt;">t</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;">e</span>mpo<span style="letter-spacing: .1pt;">r</span><span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;">a</span><span style="letter-spacing: .2pt;">r</span>y<span style="letter-spacing: -.15pt;"> </span>lo<span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;">c</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;">a</span>t<span style="letter-spacing: .1pt;">i</span>on<span style="letter-spacing: .15pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: .1pt;">i</span>s<span style="letter-spacing: .1pt;"> </span>p<span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;">a</span><span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;">s</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">s</span><span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;">e</span>d<span style="letter-spacing: .1pt;"> t</span>o<span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: .1pt;">t</span>he<span style="letter-spacing: .1pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;">c</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;">a</span>l<span style="letter-spacing: .1pt;">l</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;">e</span>d<span style="letter-spacing: .1pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">f</span>un<span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;">c</span><span style="letter-spacing: .1pt;">t</span>ion.<span style="letter-spacing: .2pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -.15pt;">I</span>f<span style="letter-spacing: .15pt;"> </span>the<span style="letter-spacing: .3pt;"> </span>p<span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;">a</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">r</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;">a</span><span style="letter-spacing: .1pt;">m</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;">e</span><span style="letter-spacing: .1pt;">t</span><span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;">e</span>r<span style="letter-spacing: .2pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: .1pt;">i</span>s<span style="letter-spacing: .1pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;">a</span>n<span style="letter-spacing: .25pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt; mso-font-width: 102%;">a</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt; mso-font-width: 102%;">rr</span><span style="letter-spacing: .15pt; mso-font-width: 102%;">a</span><span>y</span> <span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;">e</span>l<span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;">e</span>m<span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;">e</span>n<span style="letter-spacing: .1pt;">t</span>,<span style="letter-spacing: .2pt;"> </span>its<span style="letter-spacing: .4pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;">a</span>dd<span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">r</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;">e</span><span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;">s</span>s<span style="letter-spacing: .15pt;"> </span>is<span style="letter-spacing: .35pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">s</span><span style="letter-spacing: .1pt;">i</span>mi<span style="letter-spacing: .1pt;">l</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;">a</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">r</span><span style="letter-spacing: .1pt;">l</span>y <span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;">c</span>om<span style="letter-spacing: .15pt;">p</span>u<span style="letter-spacing: .1pt;">t</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;">e</span>d<span style="letter-spacing: .25pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;">a</span>t<span style="letter-spacing: .2pt;"> </span>the<span style="letter-spacing: .25pt;"> </span>t<span style="letter-spacing: .1pt;">i</span>me<span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;"> </span>of<span style="letter-spacing: .15pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;">c</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;">a</span>l<span style="letter-spacing: .1pt;">l</span>.<span style="letter-spacing: .2pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">T</span>his<span style="letter-spacing: .3pt;"> </span>m<span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;">e</span><span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;">c</span>h<span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;">a</span><span style="letter-spacing: .15pt;">n</span>i<span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;">s</span>m<span style="letter-spacing: .3pt;"> </span>is<span style="letter-spacing: .2pt;"> </span>v<span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;">e</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">r</span>y <span>popul<span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;">a</span>r</span> <span style="letter-spacing: .15pt;">b</span><span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;">eca</span>u<span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;">s</span>e<span style="letter-spacing: .15pt;"> </span>it<span style="letter-spacing: .2pt;"> </span>h<span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;">a</span>s<span style="letter-spacing: .15pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">‘</span><span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;">c</span>l<span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;">e</span><span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;">a</span><span style="letter-spacing: .15pt;">n</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;">e</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">r</span>’<span style="letter-spacing: .15pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;">se</span>m<span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;">a</span>n<span style="letter-spacing: .1pt;">t</span>i<span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;">c</span>s<span style="letter-spacing: .15pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: .1pt;">t</span>h<span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;">a</span>n<span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;">c</span><span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;">a</span>ll<span style="letter-spacing: .1pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: .15pt;">b</span>y<span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: .15pt; mso-font-width: 102%;">v</span><span style="letter-spacing: .05pt; mso-font-width: 102%;">a</span><span>lu<span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;">e</span><span style="letter-spacing: .1pt;">-</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">r</span><span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;">e</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">s</span>u<span style="letter-spacing: .1pt;">l</span>t.</span><o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 102%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 41.45pt; margin-right: 15.4pt; margin-top: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;"><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; letter-spacing: .05pt;">C</span></b><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">all<span style="letter-spacing: .4pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -.15pt;">b</span>y<span style="letter-spacing: .25pt;"> </span>na<span style="letter-spacing: -.15pt;">m</span><span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;">e</span>:<span style="letter-spacing: .3pt;"> </span></span></b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; letter-spacing: -.05pt;">T</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">his<span style="letter-spacing: .15pt;"> </span>p<span style="letter-spacing: .15pt;">a</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">r</span><span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;">a</span>m<span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;">e</span>t<span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;">e</span>r<span style="letter-spacing: .2pt;"> </span>t<span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">r</span><span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;">a</span>n<span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">s</span><span style="letter-spacing: .1pt;">m</span>i<span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;">s</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">s</span><span style="letter-spacing: .1pt;">i</span>on<span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;"> </span>m<span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;">e</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;">c</span><span style="letter-spacing: .15pt;">h</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;">a</span>n<span style="letter-spacing: .1pt;">i</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">s</span>m<span style="letter-spacing: .3pt;"> </span>h<span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;">a</span>s<span style="letter-spacing: .15pt;"> </span>the<span style="letter-spacing: .3pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;">s</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;">a</span>me<span style="letter-spacing: .15pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;">e</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">ff</span><span style="letter-spacing: .15pt;">e</span><span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;">c</span>t<span style="letter-spacing: .2pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;">a</span>s<span style="letter-spacing: .15pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: .1pt;">i</span>f<span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;">e</span>v<span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;">e</span><span style="letter-spacing: .2pt;">r</span>y<span style="letter-spacing: -.2pt;"> </span>o<span style="letter-spacing: .15pt;">c</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;">c</span>u<span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">r</span><span style="letter-spacing: .1pt;">r</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;">e</span>n<span style="letter-spacing: .15pt;">c</span>e<span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;"> </span>of<span style="letter-spacing: .25pt;"> </span>a<span style="letter-spacing: .25pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">f</span>o<span style="letter-spacing: .1pt;">r</span>m<span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;">a</span>l<span style="letter-spacing: .15pt;"> </span>p<span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;">a</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">r</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;">a</span>m<span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;">e</span>t<span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;">e</span>r<span style="letter-spacing: .2pt;"> </span>in<span style="letter-spacing: .3pt;"> </span>the<span style="letter-spacing: .3pt;"> </span>bo<span style="letter-spacing: .15pt;">d</span>y<span style="letter-spacing: .1pt;"> </span>of<span style="letter-spacing: .25pt;"> </span>the<span style="letter-spacing: .4pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;">c</span><span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;">a</span>ll<span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;">e</span>d<span style="letter-spacing: .25pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">f</span>un<span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;">c</span>tion<span style="letter-spacing: .2pt;"> </span>is<span style="letter-spacing: .2pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">r</span><span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;">e</span>pl<span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;">a</span><span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;">ce</span>d<span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: .15pt;">b</span>y<span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;"> </span>the<span style="letter-spacing: .3pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: .15pt;">n</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;">a</span>me<span style="letter-spacing: .15pt;"> </span><span>of</span><span style="letter-spacing: .1pt;"> </span>the<span style="letter-spacing: .4pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;">c</span>o<span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">r</span><span style="letter-spacing: .1pt;">r</span><span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;">es</span>pond<span style="letter-spacing: .1pt;">i</span>ng <span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;">ac</span>tu<span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;">a</span>l<span style="letter-spacing: .2pt;"> </span>p<span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;">a</span><span style="letter-spacing: .1pt;">r</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;">a</span>m<span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;">e</span>t<span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;">e</span><span style="letter-spacing: .1pt;">r</span>.<span style="letter-spacing: .2pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: .1pt;">T</span>he<span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;"> a</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;">c</span>tu<span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;">a</span>l<span style="letter-spacing: .2pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: .15pt;">p</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;">a</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">r</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;">a</span><span style="letter-spacing: .1pt;">m</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;">e</span><span style="letter-spacing: .1pt;">t</span><span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;">e</span>r<span style="letter-spacing: .1pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;">c</span>o<span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">rr</span><span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;">e</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">s</span>pond<span style="letter-spacing: .1pt;">i</span><span style="letter-spacing: .15pt;">n</span>g<span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: .1pt;">t</span>o<span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;"> </span>a<span style="letter-spacing: .25pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">f</span>o<span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">r</span>m<span style="letter-spacing: .15pt;">a</span>l<span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;"> </span><span>p<span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;">a</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">r</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;">a</span>m<span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;">e</span>t<span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;">e</span>r</span><span style="letter-spacing: .1pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;">c</span><span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;">a</span>n<span style="letter-spacing: .25pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;">c</span>h<span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;">a</span><span style="letter-spacing: .15pt;">n</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;">g</span>e<span style="letter-spacing: .15pt;"> d</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.25pt;">y</span><span style="letter-spacing: .15pt;">n</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;">a</span>m<span style="letter-spacing: .1pt;">i</span><span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;">c</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;">a</span><span style="letter-spacing: .1pt;">ll</span>y du<span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">r</span><span style="letter-spacing: .1pt;">i</span>ng<span style="letter-spacing: .1pt;"> t</span><span style="letter-spacing: .15pt;">h</span>e <span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;">e</span><span style="letter-spacing: .15pt;">x</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;">e</span><span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;">c</span>ution<span style="letter-spacing: .25pt;"> </span>of<span style="letter-spacing: .15pt;"> </span>a<span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">f</span>un<span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;">c</span><span style="letter-spacing: .1pt;">t</span>ion.<span style="letter-spacing: .15pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">T</span>h<span style="letter-spacing: .1pt;">i</span>s<span style="letter-spacing: .15pt;"> </span>m<span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;">a</span>k<span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;">e</span>s<span style="letter-spacing: .2pt;"> </span>t<span style="letter-spacing: .15pt;">h</span>e<span style="letter-spacing: .1pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;">c</span><span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;">a</span>ll<span style="letter-spacing: .2pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: .25pt;">b</span>y<span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;"> </span><span>n<span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;">a</span>me</span><span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;"> </span>m<span style="letter-spacing: .15pt;">e</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;">c</span>h<span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;">a</span>n<span style="letter-spacing: .1pt;">i</span><span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;">s</span>m<span style="letter-spacing: .3pt;"> </span>i<span style="letter-spacing: .1pt;">m</span>m<span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;">e</span>n<span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;">s</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;">e</span><span style="letter-spacing: .25pt;">l</span>y<span style="letter-spacing: -.15pt;"> </span>po<span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;">we</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">rf</span>u<span style="letter-spacing: .1pt;">l</span>.<span style="letter-spacing: .4pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;">H</span>o<span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;">w</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;">e</span>v<span style="letter-spacing: .15pt;">e</span>r<span style="letter-spacing: .15pt;"> </span>the<span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;"> </span>h<span style="letter-spacing: .1pt;">i</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;">g</span>h<span style="letter-spacing: .1pt;"> </span>ov<span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;">e</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">r</span>h<span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;">e</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;">a</span>ds<span style="letter-spacing: .25pt;"> m</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;">a</span>ke<span style="letter-spacing: .3pt;"> </span>it<span style="letter-spacing: .2pt;"> </span>l<span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;">e</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">s</span>s<span style="letter-spacing: .1pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;">a</span>tt<span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">r</span><span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;">a</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;">c</span>t<span style="letter-spacing: .1pt;">i</span>ve<span style="letter-spacing: .15pt;"> </span><span>in</span> <span>p<span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">r</span><span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;">a</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;">c</span>t<span style="letter-spacing: .25pt;">i</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;">ce</span>.</span><o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 12.0pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: .95pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 102%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 33.05pt; margin-right: 21.4pt; margin-top: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; tab-stops: 5.5in; text-autospace: none; text-indent: -25.45pt;"><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">Q<span style="letter-spacing: .2pt;">.</span>3<span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;">7</span>.<span style="letter-spacing: .25pt;"> </span></span></b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; letter-spacing: .05pt;">W</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">h<span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;">a</span>t <span style="letter-spacing: .45pt;"><span> </span></span>is <span style="letter-spacing: .45pt;"><span> </span></span>m<span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;">e</span><span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;">a</span>nt <span style="letter-spacing: .4pt;"><span> </span></span><span style="letter-spacing: .15pt;">b</span>y <span style="letter-spacing: .25pt;"><span> </span></span>in<span style="letter-spacing: .1pt;">t</span><span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;">e</span>r <span style="letter-spacing: .4pt;"><span> </span></span><span style="letter-spacing: .15pt;">p</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">r</span>o<span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;">c</span><span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;">e</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">s</span>s <span style="letter-spacing: .55pt;"><span> </span></span><span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;">c</span>om<span style="letter-spacing: .1pt;">m</span><span style="letter-spacing: .15pt;">u</span>ni<span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;">c</span><span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;">a</span>tion?<span> </span><span style="letter-spacing: .65pt;"><span> </span></span><span style="letter-spacing: -.15pt;">E</span><span style="letter-spacing: .15pt;">x</span>p<span style="letter-spacing: .1pt;">l</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;">a</span>in <span style="letter-spacing: .35pt;"><span> </span></span><span style="letter-spacing: .1pt;">t</span>he <span style="letter-spacing: .25pt;"><span> </span></span>t<span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;">w</span>o <span style="letter-spacing: .3pt;"><span> </span></span><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">f</span>und<span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;">a</span><span style="letter-spacing: .25pt;">m</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;">e</span>nt<span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;">a</span>l<span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;"> </span>mod<span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;">e</span><span style="letter-spacing: .1pt;">l</span>s<span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;"> </span><span>of</span> <span style="letter-spacing: .1pt;">i</span>nt<span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;">e</span>r<span style="letter-spacing: .15pt;"> </span>p<span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">r</span>o<span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;">c</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;">e</span><span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;">s</span>s<span style="letter-spacing: .15pt;"> c</span>ommuni<span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;">c</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;">a</span><span style="letter-spacing: .1pt;">t</span>ion.<span style="letter-spacing: -2.4pt;"> </span><span> </span><b><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt; mso-font-width: 102%;">(</span><span>8)</span></b><o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 8.5pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: .35pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 10.0pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 41.45pt; margin-right: 377.4pt; margin-top: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;"><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; letter-spacing: .05pt; mso-font-width: 102%;">A</span></b><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; letter-spacing: -.15pt; mso-font-width: 102%;">n</span></b><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; letter-spacing: .05pt; mso-font-width: 102%;">s</span></b><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-font-width: 102%;">:</span></b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";"><o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 5.5pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: .2pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 102%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 41.45pt; margin-right: 9.2pt; margin-top: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;"><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; letter-spacing: .05pt;">I</span></b><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; letter-spacing: -.15pt;">n</span></b><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; letter-spacing: -.05pt;">t</span></b><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; letter-spacing: .15pt;">e</span></b><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">r <span style="letter-spacing: 2.05pt;"><span> </span></span>p<span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;">r</span>o<span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;">c</span><span style="letter-spacing: .15pt;">e</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">s</span>s <span style="letter-spacing: 2.1pt;"><span> </span></span><span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;">C</span>o<span style="letter-spacing: .1pt;">m</span>muni<span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;">c</span>a<span style="letter-spacing: .1pt;">t</span>ion: <span style="letter-spacing: 1.95pt;"><span> </span></span></span></b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; letter-spacing: .1pt;">T</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">he <span style="letter-spacing: 2.05pt;"><span> </span></span><span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;">O</span>S <span style="letter-spacing: 2.05pt;"><span> </span></span>p<span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">r</span>ov<span style="letter-spacing: .1pt;">i</span>d<span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;">e</span>s <span style="letter-spacing: 2.1pt;"><span> </span></span>the <span style="letter-spacing: 2.1pt;"><span> </span></span>m<span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;">e</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;">a</span>ns <span style="letter-spacing: 2.15pt;"><span> </span></span><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">f</span>or <span style="letter-spacing: 2.05pt;"><span> </span></span><span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;">c</span>oop<span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;">e</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">r</span><span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;">a</span>ti<span style="letter-spacing: .15pt;">n</span>g<span style="letter-spacing: .1pt;"> </span>p<span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">r</span>o<span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;">c</span><span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;">e</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">s</span><span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;">s</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;">e</span>s<span style="letter-spacing: .9pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: .1pt;">t</span>o<span style="letter-spacing: .9pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;">c</span>om<span style="letter-spacing: .1pt;">m</span>uni<span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;">c</span><span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;">a</span><span style="letter-spacing: .1pt;">t</span>e<span style="letter-spacing: .85pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;">w</span>i<span style="letter-spacing: .1pt;">t</span>h<span style="letter-spacing: 1.0pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;">ea</span><span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;">c</span>h<span style="letter-spacing: .95pt;"> </span>oth<span style="letter-spacing: .15pt;">e</span>r<span style="letter-spacing: 1.05pt;"> </span>via<span style="letter-spacing: 1.0pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;">a</span>n<span style="letter-spacing: 1.1pt;"> </span>int<span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;">e</span>r<span style="letter-spacing: 1.0pt;"> </span>p<span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">r</span>o<span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;">c</span><span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;">e</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">s</span>s<span style="letter-spacing: 1.0pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;">c</span>o<span style="letter-spacing: .1pt;">m</span>muni<span style="letter-spacing: .15pt;">c</span><span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;">a</span>t<span style="letter-spacing: .1pt;">i</span>on<span style="letter-spacing: .95pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: .1pt;">(</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.25pt;">I</span>P<span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;">C</span>)<span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">f</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;">a</span><span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;">c</span>il<span style="letter-spacing: .1pt;">it</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.25pt;">y</span>.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 102%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 41.45pt; margin-right: 9.1pt; margin-top: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; letter-spacing: -.15pt;">I</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; letter-spacing: .1pt;">P</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">C<span style="letter-spacing: 1.8pt;"> </span>p<span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">r</span>ov<span style="letter-spacing: .1pt;">i</span>d<span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;">e</span>s<span style="letter-spacing: 1.85pt;"> </span>a<span style="letter-spacing: 1.8pt;"> </span>m<span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;">e</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;">c</span>h<span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;">a</span>n<span style="letter-spacing: .25pt;">i</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">s</span>m<span style="letter-spacing: 1.95pt;"> </span>to<span style="letter-spacing: 1.95pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;">a</span>llow<span style="letter-spacing: 1.8pt;"> </span>p<span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">r</span>o<span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;">c</span><span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;">e</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">s</span><span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;">s</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;">e</span>s<span style="letter-spacing: 1.95pt;"> </span>to<span style="letter-spacing: 1.85pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;">c</span>ommun<span style="letter-spacing: .1pt;">i</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;">ca</span><span style="letter-spacing: .1pt;">t</span>e<span style="letter-spacing: 1.8pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;">a</span>nd<span style="letter-spacing: 1.8pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: .1pt;">t</span>o<span style="letter-spacing: 1.75pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">s</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.25pt;">y</span><span style="letter-spacing: .15pt;">n</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;">c</span><span style="letter-spacing: .15pt;">h</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">r</span>on<span style="letter-spacing: .1pt;">i</span><span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;">z</span>e<span style="letter-spacing: .1pt;"> </span>th<span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;">e</span>ir<span style="letter-spacing: 1.3pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;">a</span><span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;">c</span>tions<span style="letter-spacing: 1.25pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;">w</span><span style="letter-spacing: .1pt;">i</span>thout<span style="letter-spacing: 1.45pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;">s</span>h<span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;">a</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">r</span><span style="letter-spacing: .1pt;">i</span>ng<span style="letter-spacing: 1.2pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: .1pt;">t</span>he<span style="letter-spacing: 1.4pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;">s</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;">a</span>me<span style="letter-spacing: 1.45pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;">a</span>dd<span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">r</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;">e</span><span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;">s</span>s<span style="letter-spacing: 1.35pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;">s</span><span style="letter-spacing: .15pt;">p</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;">a</span><span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;">c</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;">e</span>.<span style="letter-spacing: 1.35pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -.25pt;">I</span><span style="letter-spacing: .1pt;">P</span>C<span style="letter-spacing: 1.2pt;"> </span>is<span style="letter-spacing: 1.3pt;"> </span>p<span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;">a</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">r</span>t<span style="letter-spacing: .1pt;">i</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;">c</span>ul<span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;">a</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">r</span><span style="letter-spacing: .25pt;">l</span>y<span style="letter-spacing: 1.3pt;"> </span>u<span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">s</span><span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;">e</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">f</span>ul<span style="letter-spacing: 1.4pt;"> </span>in<span style="letter-spacing: 1.5pt;"> </span>a di<span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;">s</span>t<span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">r</span><span style="letter-spacing: .1pt;">i</span>but<span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;">e</span>d<span style="letter-spacing: 1.0pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;">e</span>nvi<span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">r</span>onm<span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;">e</span>nt<span style="letter-spacing: 1.2pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;">w</span>h<span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;">e</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">r</span>e<span style="letter-spacing: 1.15pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: .1pt;">t</span>he<span style="letter-spacing: 1.05pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;">c</span>o<span style="letter-spacing: .1pt;">m</span>muni<span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;">c</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;">a</span>t<span style="letter-spacing: .1pt;">i</span><span style="letter-spacing: .15pt;">n</span>g<span style="letter-spacing: .95pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: .15pt;">p</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">r</span>o<span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;">c</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;">e</span><span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;">ss</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;">e</span>s<span style="letter-spacing: 1.15pt;"> </span>m<span style="letter-spacing: .15pt;">a</span>y<span style="letter-spacing: 1.0pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: .1pt;">r</span><span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;">e</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">s</span><span style="letter-spacing: .1pt;">i</span>de<span style="letter-spacing: 1.05pt;"> </span>on<span style="letter-spacing: 1.2pt;"> </span>di<span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">ff</span><span style="letter-spacing: .15pt;">e</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">r</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;">e</span>nt <span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;">c</span>o<span style="letter-spacing: .1pt;">m</span>put<span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;">e</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">r</span>s<span style="letter-spacing: .2pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt; mso-font-width: 102%;">c</span><span>onn<span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;">ec</span>t<span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;">e</span>d</span><span style="letter-spacing: .15pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;">w</span><span style="letter-spacing: .1pt;">it</span>h<span style="letter-spacing: .3pt;"> </span>a<span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;"> </span><span>n<span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;">e</span>t<span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;">w</span>o<span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">r</span>k.</span><o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 12.6pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 41.45pt; margin-right: 9.45pt; margin-top: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; letter-spacing: -.15pt;">I</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; letter-spacing: .1pt;">P</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">C<span style="letter-spacing: .1pt;"> i</span>s<span style="letter-spacing: .1pt;"> </span>b<span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;">e</span><span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;">s</span>t<span style="letter-spacing: .2pt;"> </span>imp<span style="letter-spacing: .1pt;">l</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;">e</span>m<span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;">e</span>n<span style="letter-spacing: .1pt;">t</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;">e</span>d<span style="letter-spacing: .55pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: .15pt;">b</span>y<span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: .1pt;">m</span><span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;">e</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">s</span><span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;">sa</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;">g</span>e<span style="letter-spacing: .2pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: .15pt;">p</span><span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;">a</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">s</span><span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;">s</span>ing<span style="letter-spacing: .25pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: .2pt;">s</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.25pt;">y</span><span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;">s</span>t<span style="letter-spacing: .15pt;">e</span>m<span style="letter-spacing: .25pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;">w</span>h<span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;">e</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">r</span>e<span style="letter-spacing: .2pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;">c</span>ommun<span style="letter-spacing: .1pt;">i</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;">ca</span><span style="letter-spacing: .1pt;">t</span>ion<span style="letter-spacing: .25pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;">a</span>mong<span style="letter-spacing: .25pt;"> </span><span>the</span><o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 102%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 41.45pt; margin-right: 9.05pt; margin-top: .3pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">u<span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;">s</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;">e</span>r<span style="letter-spacing: 2.35pt;"> </span>p<span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">r</span>o<span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;">c</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;">e</span><span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;">sse</span>s<span style="letter-spacing: 2.3pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: .1pt;">i</span>s<span style="letter-spacing: 2.4pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;">ac</span><span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;">c</span>o<span style="letter-spacing: .1pt;">m</span>pl<span style="letter-spacing: .1pt;">i</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">s</span>h<span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;">e</span>d<span style="letter-spacing: 2.4pt;"> </span>th<span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">r</span>ou<span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;">g</span>h<span style="letter-spacing: 2.45pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: .1pt;">t</span>he<span style="letter-spacing: 2.25pt;"> </span>p<span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;">ass</span>ing<span style="letter-spacing: 2.25pt;"> </span>of<span> </span>m<span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;">e</span><span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;">ssa</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;">ge</span><span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;">s</span>.<span> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;">A</span>n <span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;"><span> </span></span><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">I</span><span style="letter-spacing: .1pt;">P</span>C<span style="letter-spacing: 2.4pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">f</span><span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;">a</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;">c</span>i<span style="letter-spacing: .1pt;">l</span>i<span style="letter-spacing: .1pt;">t</span>y<span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;"> </span>p<span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">r</span>ovid<span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;">e</span>s<span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;">a</span>t<span style="letter-spacing: .2pt;"> </span>l<span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;">e</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;">a</span><span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;">s</span>t<span style="letter-spacing: .15pt;"> </span>the<span style="letter-spacing: .3pt;"> </span>t<span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;">w</span>o<span style="letter-spacing: .2pt;"> </span><span>op<span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;">e</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">r</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;">a</span>t<span style="letter-spacing: .1pt;">i</span>on<span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">s</span>:</span><o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 41.45pt; margin-right: 230.6pt; margin-top: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; letter-spacing: .05pt;">s</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; letter-spacing: -.1pt;">e</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">nd<span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">(</span>m<span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;">e</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">s</span><span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;">sa</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;">g</span><span style="letter-spacing: .15pt;">e</span>)<span style="letter-spacing: .1pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;">a</span>nd<span style="letter-spacing: .1pt;"> <span>r</span></span><span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt; mso-font-width: 102%;">e</span><span style="letter-spacing: .15pt; mso-font-width: 102%;">c</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt; mso-font-width: 102%;">e</span><span>iv<span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;">e</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">(</span>m<span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;">e</span><span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;">ssa</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;">g</span><span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;">e</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">)</span>.</span><o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 41.45pt; margin-right: 159.85pt; margin-top: .3pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; letter-spacing: -.05pt;">T</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; letter-spacing: .05pt;">w</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">o<span style="letter-spacing: .3pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: .1pt;">t</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.25pt;">y</span>p<span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;">e</span>s<span style="letter-spacing: .1pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: .15pt;">o</span>f<span style="letter-spacing: .2pt;"> </span>m<span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;">e</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">s</span><span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;">sa</span>ge<span style="letter-spacing: .2pt;"> </span>p<span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;">ass</span>ing<span style="letter-spacing: .1pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: .2pt;">s</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.35pt;">y</span><span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;">s</span><span style="letter-spacing: .1pt;">t</span><span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;">e</span>m<span style="letter-spacing: .1pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;">a</span><span style="letter-spacing: .1pt;">r</span>e<span style="letter-spacing: .15pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;">a</span>s<span style="letter-spacing: .15pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt; mso-font-width: 102%;">f</span><span>ol<span style="letter-spacing: .1pt;">l</span><span style="letter-spacing: .15pt;">o</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;">w</span><span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;">s</span>:</span><o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 102%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 41.45pt; margin-right: 9.3pt; margin-top: .3pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; letter-spacing: -.05pt;">(</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; letter-spacing: -.1pt;">a</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">)<span style="letter-spacing: 1.25pt;"> </span><b><span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;">D</span>i<span style="letter-spacing: .15pt;">r</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;">e</span><span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;">c</span>t<span style="letter-spacing: 1.2pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;">C</span><span style="letter-spacing: .15pt;">o</span>mmu<span style="letter-spacing: -.15pt;">n</span><span style="letter-spacing: .1pt;">i</span><span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;">c</span>a<span style="letter-spacing: .1pt;">t</span>ion:<span style="letter-spacing: 1.2pt;"> </span></b><span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;">W</span><span style="letter-spacing: .1pt;">i</span>th<span style="letter-spacing: 1.3pt;"> </span>di<span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">r</span><span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;">e</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;">c</span>t<span style="letter-spacing: 1.35pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;">c</span>o<span style="letter-spacing: .1pt;">m</span>muni<span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;">c</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;">a</span>t<span style="letter-spacing: .1pt;">i</span>on,<span style="letter-spacing: 1.15pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;">ea</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;">c</span>h<span style="letter-spacing: 1.2pt;"> </span>p<span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">r</span><span style="letter-spacing: .15pt;">o</span><span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;">c</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;">e</span><span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;">s</span>s<span style="letter-spacing: 1.15pt;"> </span>t<span style="letter-spacing: .15pt;">h</span><span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;">a</span>t<span style="letter-spacing: 1.15pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;">w</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;">a</span>nts<span style="letter-spacing: 1.3pt;"> </span><span>to </span><span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;">c</span>o<span style="letter-spacing: .1pt;">m</span>muni<span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;">c</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;">a</span>te<span style="letter-spacing: 1.25pt;"> </span>mu<span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;">s</span>t<span style="letter-spacing: 1.45pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;">e</span><span style="letter-spacing: .15pt;">x</span>pli<span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;">c</span><span style="letter-spacing: .1pt;">i</span>t<span style="letter-spacing: .1pt;">l</span>y<span style="letter-spacing: .95pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: .15pt;">n</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;">a</span><span style="letter-spacing: .1pt;">m</span>e<span style="letter-spacing: 1.25pt;"> </span>the<span style="letter-spacing: 1.5pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">r</span><span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;">e</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;">c</span><span style="letter-spacing: .1pt;">i</span>pi<span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;">e</span>nt<span style="letter-spacing: 1.35pt;"> </span>or<span style="letter-spacing: 1.2pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;">s</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;">e</span>nd<span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;">e</span>r<span style="letter-spacing: 1.3pt;"> </span>of<span style="letter-spacing: 1.35pt;"> </span>the<span style="letter-spacing: 1.4pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;">c</span>omm<span style="letter-spacing: .15pt;">u</span>n<span style="letter-spacing: .1pt;">i</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;">ca</span><span style="letter-spacing: .1pt;">t</span>ion.<span style="letter-spacing: 1.4pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -.25pt;">I</span>n<span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;"> </span>th<span style="letter-spacing: .1pt;">i</span>s<span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">s</span><span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;">c</span>h<span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;">e</span><span style="letter-spacing: .1pt;">m</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;">e</span>,<span style="letter-spacing: .2pt;"> </span>the<span style="letter-spacing: .3pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;">s</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;">e</span>nd<span style="letter-spacing: .25pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;">a</span>nd<span style="letter-spacing: .25pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">r</span><span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;">e</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;">ce</span><span style="letter-spacing: .1pt;">i</span><span style="letter-spacing: .15pt;">v</span>e<span style="letter-spacing: .1pt;"> </span>p<span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">r</span>im<span style="letter-spacing: .1pt;">i</span>tiv<span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;">e</span>s<span style="letter-spacing: .15pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;">a</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">r</span>e<span style="letter-spacing: .15pt;"> d</span><span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;">e</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">f</span><span style="letter-spacing: .1pt;">i</span>n<span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;">e</span>d<span style="letter-spacing: .1pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: .05pt; mso-font-width: 102%;">a</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt; mso-font-width: 102%;">s</span><span>:</span><o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 92.2pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: .8pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; tab-stops: 109.0pt; text-autospace: none;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-font-width: 134%;">•</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";"><span> </span><span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;">s</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;">e</span>nd<span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">(</span><span style="letter-spacing: .1pt;">P</span>,<span style="letter-spacing: .2pt;"> </span>m<span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;">e</span><span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;">ssa</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;">ge</span><span style="letter-spacing: .1pt;">)</span>-<span style="letter-spacing: .25pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: .1pt;">S</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;">e</span>nd<span style="letter-spacing: .1pt;"> </span>a<span style="letter-spacing: .25pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: .1pt;">m</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;">e</span><span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;">s</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">s</span><span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;">a</span>ge<span style="letter-spacing: .1pt;"> t</span>o<span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;"> </span>p<span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">r</span>o<span style="letter-spacing: .15pt;">c</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;">e</span><span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;">s</span>s<span style="letter-spacing: .15pt;"> </span><span>P.</span><o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 101%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 41.45pt; margin-right: 72.85pt; margin-top: 1.15pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; tab-stops: 109.0pt; text-autospace: none; text-indent: 50.75pt;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-font-width: 134%;">•</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";"><span> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">r</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;">e</span><span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;">c</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;">e</span>i<span style="letter-spacing: .15pt;">v</span><span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;">e</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">(</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;">Q</span>,<span style="letter-spacing: .15pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: .1pt;">m</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;">e</span><span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;">ss</span><span style="letter-spacing: .15pt;">a</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;">ge</span><span style="letter-spacing: .1pt;">)</span>-<span style="letter-spacing: .25pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;">Re</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;">c</span><span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;">e</span>ive<span style="letter-spacing: .2pt;"> </span>a<span style="letter-spacing: .15pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: .1pt;">m</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;">e</span><span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;">ssa</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;">g</span>e<span style="letter-spacing: .2pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: .1pt;">f</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">r</span>om<span style="letter-spacing: .2pt;"> </span>p<span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">r</span><span style="letter-spacing: .15pt;">o</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;">ce</span><span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;">s</span>s<span style="letter-spacing: .15pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;">Q</span>.<span style="letter-spacing: .15pt;"> </span>A<span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;"> c</span>ommun<span style="letter-spacing: .1pt;">i</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;">ca</span><span style="letter-spacing: .1pt;">t</span>ion<span style="letter-spacing: .1pt;"> l</span>ink<span style="letter-spacing: .2pt;"> </span>in<span style="letter-spacing: .15pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: .1pt;">t</span>his<span style="letter-spacing: .1pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;">s</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;">c</span>h<span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;">e</span>me<span style="letter-spacing: .15pt;"> </span>h<span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;">a</span>s<span style="letter-spacing: .15pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: .1pt;">t</span>he <span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">f</span>o<span style="letter-spacing: .1pt;">l</span>l<span style="letter-spacing: .15pt;">o</span><span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;">w</span>ing<span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;"> </span><span>p<span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">r</span>o<span style="letter-spacing: .15pt;">p</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;">e</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">r</span>t<span style="letter-spacing: .1pt;">i</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;">e</span><span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;">s</span>:</span><o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 101%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 109.1pt; margin-right: 9.15pt; margin-top: 1.05pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; tab-stops: 109.0pt; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-indent: -16.9pt;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-font-width: 134%;">•</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";"><span> </span>A<span style="letter-spacing: .2pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: .1pt;">l</span>ink<span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: .1pt;">i</span>s<span style="letter-spacing: .1pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;">e</span><span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;">s</span>t<span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;">a</span>bli<span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;">s</span>h<span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;">e</span>d<span style="letter-spacing: .25pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;">a</span>uto<span style="letter-spacing: .1pt;">m</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;">a</span>t<span style="letter-spacing: .1pt;">i</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;">ca</span><span style="letter-spacing: .1pt;">ll</span>y <span style="letter-spacing: .15pt;">b</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;">e</span>t<span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;">w</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;">e</span><span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;">e</span>n<span style="letter-spacing: .25pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;">e</span>v<span style="letter-spacing: .15pt;">e</span><span style="letter-spacing: .2pt;">r</span>y p<span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;">a</span>ir<span style="letter-spacing: .1pt;"> </span>of<span style="letter-spacing: .25pt;"> </span>p<span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">r</span><span style="letter-spacing: .15pt;">o</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;">c</span><span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;">e</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">s</span><span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;">s</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;">e</span>s<span style="letter-spacing: .15pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: .1pt;">t</span><span style="letter-spacing: .15pt;">h</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;">a</span>t<span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;"> w</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;">a</span>nt<span style="letter-spacing: 1.3pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: .1pt; mso-font-width: 102%;">t</span><span>o</span><span style="letter-spacing: 1.2pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;">c</span>ommun<span style="letter-spacing: .1pt;">i</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;">ca</span><span style="letter-spacing: .1pt;">t</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;">e</span>.<span style="letter-spacing: 1.4pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: .2pt;">T</span>he<span style="letter-spacing: 1.35pt;"> </span>p<span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">r</span>o<span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;">c</span><span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;">e</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">s</span><span style="letter-spacing: .2pt;">s</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;">e</span>s<span style="letter-spacing: 1.25pt;"> </span>n<span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;">e</span><span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;">e</span>d<span style="letter-spacing: 1.3pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: .1pt;">t</span>o<span style="letter-spacing: 1.4pt;"> </span>know<span style="letter-spacing: 1.8pt;"> </span>on<span style="letter-spacing: .1pt;">l</span>y<span style="letter-spacing: 1.3pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;">ea</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;">c</span>h<span style="letter-spacing: 1.45pt;"> </span>oth<span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;">e</span><span style="letter-spacing: .1pt;">r</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">’</span>s<span style="letter-spacing: .25pt;"> </span>id<span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;">e</span>nti<span style="letter-spacing: .25pt;">t</span>y<span style="letter-spacing: -.2pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: .1pt; mso-font-width: 102%;">t</span><span>o</span> <span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt; mso-font-width: 102%;">c</span><span>o<span style="letter-spacing: .1pt;">m</span>muni<span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;">c</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;">a</span>t<span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;">e</span>.</span><o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 92.2pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: .9pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; tab-stops: 109.0pt; text-autospace: none;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-font-width: 134%;">•</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";"><span> </span>A<span style="letter-spacing: .2pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: .1pt;">l</span>ink<span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: .1pt;">i</span>s<span style="letter-spacing: .1pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;">a</span><span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;">ss</span>o<span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;">c</span>i<span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;">a</span>t<span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;">e</span>d<span style="letter-spacing: .25pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;">w</span><span style="letter-spacing: .1pt;">i</span>th<span style="letter-spacing: .3pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;">e</span><span style="letter-spacing: .15pt;">x</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;">a</span><span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;">c</span>t<span style="letter-spacing: .1pt;">l</span>y t<span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;">w</span>o<span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;"> </span><span>p<span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">r</span>o<span style="letter-spacing: .15pt;">c</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;">e</span><span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;">s</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">s</span><span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;">e</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">s</span>.</span><o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 92.2pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 1.15pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; tab-stops: 109.0pt; text-autospace: none;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-font-width: 134%;">•</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";"><span> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">E</span><span style="letter-spacing: .15pt;">x</span><span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;">a</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;">c</span>t<span style="letter-spacing: .25pt;">l</span>y<span style="letter-spacing: -.25pt;"> </span>o<span style="letter-spacing: .15pt;">n</span>e<span style="letter-spacing: .15pt;"> </span>l<span style="letter-spacing: .1pt;">i</span>nk<span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;"> e</span><span style="letter-spacing: .15pt;">x</span>i<span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;">s</span>ts<span style="letter-spacing: .15pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;">be</span><span style="letter-spacing: .1pt;">t</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;">w</span><span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;">e</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;">e</span>n<span style="letter-spacing: .35pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;">ea</span><span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;">c</span>h<span style="letter-spacing: .1pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: .15pt;">p</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;">a</span><span style="letter-spacing: .1pt;">i</span>r<span style="letter-spacing: .1pt;"> </span>of<span style="letter-spacing: .25pt;"> </span><span>p<span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">r</span><span style="letter-spacing: .15pt;">o</span><span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;">c</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;">e</span><span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;">ss</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;">e</span><span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;">s</span>.</span><o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 102%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 41.45pt; margin-right: 9.3pt; margin-top: .2pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;"><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; letter-spacing: -.05pt;">(</span></b><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">b<span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">)</span>Wi<span style="letter-spacing: .1pt;">t</span>h <span style="letter-spacing: .75pt;"><span> </span></span><span style="letter-spacing: .25pt;">i</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.15pt;">n</span>di<span style="letter-spacing: .15pt;">r</span><span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;">ec</span>t <span style="letter-spacing: .9pt;"><span> </span></span><span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;">c</span>omm<span style="letter-spacing: .1pt;">u</span>ni<span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;">c</span>a<span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">t</span><span style="letter-spacing: .1pt;">i</span>o<span style="letter-spacing: -.15pt;">n</span>, <span style="letter-spacing: 1.05pt;"><span> </span></span></span></b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; letter-spacing: .1pt;">t</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">he <span style="letter-spacing: .85pt;"><span> </span></span>m<span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;">e</span><span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;">ssa</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;">ge</span>s <span style="letter-spacing: 1.2pt;"><span> </span></span><span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;">a</span><span style="letter-spacing: .1pt;">r</span>e <span style="letter-spacing: .9pt;"><span> </span></span><span style="letter-spacing: .2pt;">s</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;">e</span>nt <span style="letter-spacing: .95pt;"><span> </span></span>to <span style="letter-spacing: 1.15pt;"><span> </span></span><span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;">a</span>nd <span style="letter-spacing: .95pt;"><span> </span></span><span style="letter-spacing: .1pt;">r</span><span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;">e</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;">c</span><span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;">e</span>iv<span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;">e</span>d <span style="letter-spacing: 1.05pt;"><span> </span></span><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt; mso-font-width: 102%;">fr</span><span>om </span>m<span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;">a</span>ilbo<span style="letter-spacing: .15pt;">x</span><span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;">e</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">s</span>, <span style="letter-spacing: .1pt;"><span> </span></span>or <span style="letter-spacing: .15pt;"><span> </span></span>po<span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">r</span>t<span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;">s</span>. <span style="letter-spacing: .15pt;"><span> </span></span><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">E</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;">a</span><span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;">c</span>h <span style="letter-spacing: .15pt;"><span> </span></span>m<span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;">a</span><span style="letter-spacing: .1pt;">i</span>lbox <span style="letter-spacing: .3pt;"><span> </span></span>h<span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;">a</span>s <span style="letter-spacing: .2pt;"><span> </span></span>a <span style="letter-spacing: .15pt;"><span> </span></span>u<span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;">n</span>iq<span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;">u</span>e <span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;"><span> </span></span><span style="letter-spacing: .1pt;">i</span>d<span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;">e</span>nt<span style="letter-spacing: .1pt;">i</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">f</span>i<span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;">c</span><span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;">a</span>tion. <span style="letter-spacing: .25pt;"><span> </span></span><span style="letter-spacing: -.25pt;">I</span>n <span style="letter-spacing: .1pt;"><span> </span></span>th<span style="letter-spacing: .1pt;">i</span>s <span style="letter-spacing: .1pt;"><span> </span></span><span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;">s</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;">c</span>h<span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;">e</span>m<span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;">e</span>, <span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;"><span> </span></span>a p<span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">r</span>o<span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;">c</span><span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;">e</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">s</span>s<span> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -1.1pt;"><span> </span></span><span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;">c</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;">a</span>n <span style="letter-spacing: 1.55pt;"><span> </span></span><span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;">c</span>ommun<span style="letter-spacing: .1pt;">i</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;">ca</span><span style="letter-spacing: .1pt;">t</span>e <span style="letter-spacing: 1.35pt;"><span> </span></span><span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;">w</span>ith <span style="letter-spacing: 1.6pt;"><span> </span></span><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">s</span>o<span style="letter-spacing: .1pt;">m</span>e <span style="letter-spacing: 1.35pt;"><span> </span></span>o<span style="letter-spacing: .1pt;">t</span>h<span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;">e</span>r <span style="letter-spacing: 1.4pt;"><span> </span></span>p<span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">r</span>o<span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;">c</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;">e</span><span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;">s</span>s <span style="letter-spacing: 1.35pt;"><span> </span></span>v<span style="letter-spacing: .1pt;">i</span>a <span style="letter-spacing: 1.35pt;"><span> </span></span>a <span style="letter-spacing: 1.45pt;"><span> </span></span>numb<span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;">e</span>r <span style="letter-spacing: 1.75pt;"><span> </span></span><span style="letter-spacing: .15pt;">o</span>f <span style="letter-spacing: 1.4pt;"><span> </span></span><span>di<span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">ff</span><span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;">e</span><span style="letter-spacing: .1pt;">r</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;">e</span>nt</span><o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 9.0pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: .45pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 10.0pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;"><br />
</div><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 212.15pt; margin-right: 215.9pt; margin-top: 1.4pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: center; text-autospace: none;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-font-width: 102%;">35</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";"><o:p></o:p></span></div></div><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 11.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;"><br clear="all" style="mso-break-type: section-break; page-break-before: always;" /> </span> <div class="WordSection6"> <div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 7.6pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 3.0pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; tab-stops: 246.0pt; text-autospace: none;"><b><u><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; letter-spacing: .05pt;">D</span></u></b><b><u><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; letter-spacing: -.1pt;">C</span></u></b><b><u><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">14 <span> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -.15pt;">S</span>y<span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;">s</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">t</span><span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;">e</span>m<span style="letter-spacing: .15pt;"> </span>So<span style="letter-spacing: .1pt;">f</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">t</span><span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;">w</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;">a</span><span style="letter-spacing: .15pt;">r</span>e and<span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: .1pt;">O</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.15pt;">p</span><span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;">er</span>a<span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">t</span>ing<span style="letter-spacing: .1pt;"> </span>Sy<span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;">s</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">t</span><span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;">e</span>m</span></u></b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";"><o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 11.0pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: .6pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 102%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 41.45pt; margin-right: 9.3pt; margin-top: 1.4pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">m<span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;">a</span>ilbo<span style="letter-spacing: .15pt;">x</span><span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;">e</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">s</span>.<span style="letter-spacing: 1.45pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">T</span><span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;">w</span>o<span style="letter-spacing: 1.3pt;"> </span>p<span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">r</span>o<span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;">ce</span><span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;">s</span><span style="letter-spacing: .2pt;">s</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;">e</span>s<span style="letter-spacing: 1.35pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;">ca</span>n<span style="letter-spacing: 1.45pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;">c</span>o<span style="letter-spacing: .1pt;">m</span>muni<span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;">c</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;">a</span>te<span style="letter-spacing: 1.45pt;"> </span>only<span style="letter-spacing: 1.45pt;"> </span>if<span style="letter-spacing: 1.4pt;"> </span>th<span style="letter-spacing: .3pt;">e</span>y<span style="letter-spacing: 1.15pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">s</span>h<span style="letter-spacing: .15pt;">a</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">r</span>e<span style="letter-spacing: 1.35pt;"> </span>a<span style="letter-spacing: 1.25pt;"> </span>m<span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;">a</span>ilb<span style="letter-spacing: .15pt;">ox</span>.<span style="letter-spacing: 1.45pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">T</span>he<span style="letter-spacing: 1.25pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;">s</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;">e</span>nd<span style="letter-spacing: .1pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;">a</span>nd<span style="letter-spacing: .15pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">r</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;">e</span><span style="letter-spacing: .15pt;">c</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;">e</span>ive<span style="letter-spacing: .1pt;"> </span>p<span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">r</span>i<span style="letter-spacing: .1pt;">m</span>it<span style="letter-spacing: .1pt;">i</span>v<span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;">e</span>s<span style="letter-spacing: .15pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;">a</span><span style="letter-spacing: .1pt;">r</span>e<span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;"> </span>d<span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;">e</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">f</span>in<span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;">e</span>d<span style="letter-spacing: .35pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;">a</span>s<span style="letter-spacing: .15pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt; mso-font-width: 102%;">f</span><span>o<span style="letter-spacing: .1pt;">l</span>lo<span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;">w</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">s</span>:</span><o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 92.2pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: .95pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; tab-stops: 109.0pt; text-autospace: none;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-font-width: 134%;">•</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";"><span> </span><span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;">s</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;">e</span>nd<span style="letter-spacing: .25pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">(</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;">A</span>,<span style="letter-spacing: .15pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: .1pt;">m</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;">e</span><span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;">s</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">s</span><span style="letter-spacing: .15pt;">a</span>g<span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;">e</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">)</span>-<span style="letter-spacing: .15pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: .1pt;">S</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;">e</span>nd<span style="letter-spacing: .35pt;"> </span>a<span style="letter-spacing: .15pt;"> </span>m<span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;">e</span><span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;">ssa</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;">g</span>e<span style="letter-spacing: .2pt;"> </span>to<span style="letter-spacing: .3pt;"> </span>m<span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;">a</span><span style="letter-spacing: .1pt;">i</span>lbox<span style="letter-spacing: .4pt;"> </span><span>A</span><o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 101%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 30.15pt; margin-right: 66.75pt; margin-top: 1.0pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; tab-stops: 109.0pt; text-autospace: none; text-indent: 62.05pt;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-font-width: 134%;">•</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";"><span> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">r</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;">e</span><span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;">c</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;">e</span>i<span style="letter-spacing: .15pt;">v</span>e<span style="letter-spacing: .1pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">(</span><span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;">A</span>,<span style="letter-spacing: .15pt;"> </span>m<span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;">e</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">s</span><span style="letter-spacing: .2pt;">s</span><span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;">a</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;">g</span><span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;">e</span><span style="letter-spacing: .1pt;">)</span>-<span style="letter-spacing: .15pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;">Rec</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;">e</span>ive<span style="letter-spacing: .2pt;"> </span>a<span style="letter-spacing: .15pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: .1pt;">m</span><span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;">e</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">s</span><span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;">sa</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;">g</span>e<span style="letter-spacing: .2pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: .1pt;">f</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">r</span>om<span style="letter-spacing: .2pt;"> </span>m<span style="letter-spacing: .15pt;">a</span>ilbox<span style="letter-spacing: .4pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;">A</span>.<span style="letter-spacing: .15pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -.15pt;">I</span>n<span style="letter-spacing: .15pt;"> </span><span>this</span><span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;"> s</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;">c</span><span style="letter-spacing: .15pt;">h</span><span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;">e</span>m<span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;">e</span>,<span style="letter-spacing: .2pt;"> </span>a<span style="letter-spacing: .15pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;">c</span>omm<span style="letter-spacing: .15pt;">u</span>n<span style="letter-spacing: .1pt;">i</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;">ca</span><span style="letter-spacing: .1pt;">t</span>ion<span style="letter-spacing: .1pt;"> l</span>ink<span style="letter-spacing: .2pt;"> </span>h<span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;">a</span>s<span style="letter-spacing: .15pt;"> </span>the<span style="letter-spacing: .3pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">f</span>o<span style="letter-spacing: .1pt;">l</span>lo<span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;">w</span>ing<span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;"> </span><span>p<span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">r</span>o<span style="letter-spacing: .15pt;">p</span><span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;">e</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">r</span>ti<span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;">e</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">s</span>:</span><o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 101%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 109.1pt; margin-right: 9.25pt; margin-top: 1.05pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; tab-stops: 109.0pt; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-indent: -16.9pt;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-font-width: 134%;">•</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";"><span> </span>A<span style="letter-spacing: .55pt;"> </span>l<span style="letter-spacing: .1pt;">i</span>nk<span style="letter-spacing: .45pt;"> </span>is<span style="letter-spacing: .6pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;">e</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">s</span><span style="letter-spacing: .1pt;">t</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;">a</span>bl<span style="letter-spacing: .1pt;">i</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">s</span>h<span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;">e</span>d<span style="letter-spacing: .5pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: .15pt;">b</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;">e</span><span style="letter-spacing: .1pt;">t</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;">w</span><span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;">e</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;">e</span>n<span style="letter-spacing: .6pt;"> </span>a<span style="letter-spacing: .5pt;"> </span>p<span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;">a</span><span style="letter-spacing: .1pt;">i</span>r<span style="letter-spacing: .55pt;"> </span>of<span style="letter-spacing: .5pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: .15pt;">p</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">r</span>o<span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;">ces</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">s</span><span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;">e</span>s<span style="letter-spacing: .55pt;"> </span>on<span style="letter-spacing: .25pt;">l</span>y<span style="letter-spacing: .35pt;"> </span>if<span style="letter-spacing: .7pt;"> </span>both<span style="letter-spacing: .75pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: .1pt;">m</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;">e</span>mb<span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;">e</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">r</span>s<span style="letter-spacing: .15pt;"> </span>of<span style="letter-spacing: .1pt;"> </span><span>the</span><span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;"> </span>p<span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;">a</span>ir<span style="letter-spacing: .2pt;"> </span>h<span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;">a</span><span style="letter-spacing: .15pt;">v</span>e<span style="letter-spacing: .15pt;"> </span>a<span style="letter-spacing: .15pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;">s</span>h<span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;">a</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">r</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;">e</span>d<span style="letter-spacing: .35pt;"> </span><span>m<span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;">a</span><span style="letter-spacing: .1pt;">i</span>lbo<span style="letter-spacing: .15pt;">x</span>.</span><o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 92.2pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 1.05pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; tab-stops: 109.0pt; text-autospace: none;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-font-width: 134%;">•</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";"><span> </span>A<span style="letter-spacing: .2pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: .1pt;">l</span>ink<span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: .1pt;">m</span><span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;">a</span>y<span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;"> </span>be<span style="letter-spacing: .25pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;">a</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">s</span><span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;">s</span>o<span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;">c</span><span style="letter-spacing: .1pt;">i</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;">a</span>t<span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;">e</span>d<span style="letter-spacing: .25pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;">w</span>i<span style="letter-spacing: .1pt;">t</span>h<span style="letter-spacing: .15pt;"> </span>mo<span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">r</span>e<span style="letter-spacing: .3pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: .1pt;">t</span>h<span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;">a</span>n<span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: .1pt;">t</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;">w</span>o<span style="letter-spacing: .2pt;"> </span><span>p<span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">r</span>o<span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;">ce</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">s</span><span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;">s</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;">e</span><span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;">s</span>.</span><o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 102%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 109.1pt; margin-right: 9.1pt; margin-top: 1.15pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; tab-stops: 109.0pt; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-indent: -16.9pt;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-font-width: 134%;">•</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";"><span> </span>A<span> </span><span style="letter-spacing: .35pt;"><span> </span></span>nu<span style="letter-spacing: .1pt;">m</span>b<span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;">e</span>r<span> </span><span style="letter-spacing: .3pt;"><span> </span></span>of<span> </span><span style="letter-spacing: .4pt;"><span> </span></span>di<span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">ff</span><span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;">e</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">r</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;">e</span><span style="letter-spacing: .15pt;">n</span>t<span> </span><span style="letter-spacing: .4pt;"><span> </span></span>links<span> </span><span style="letter-spacing: .6pt;"><span> </span></span>m<span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;">a</span>y<span> </span><span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;"><span> </span></span><span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;">e</span><span style="letter-spacing: .15pt;">x</span><span style="letter-spacing: .1pt;">i</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">s</span>t<span> </span><span style="letter-spacing: .35pt;"><span> </span></span>b<span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;">e</span><span style="letter-spacing: .1pt;">t</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;">w</span><span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;">e</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;">e</span>n<span> </span><span style="letter-spacing: .4pt;"><span> </span></span><span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;">e</span><span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;">ac</span>h<span> </span><span style="letter-spacing: .25pt;"><span> </span></span>p<span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;">a</span>ir<span> </span><span style="letter-spacing: .2pt;"><span> </span></span><span>of </span><span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;">c</span>o<span style="letter-spacing: .1pt;">m</span>muni<span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;">c</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;">a</span>t<span style="letter-spacing: .1pt;">i</span>ng <span style="letter-spacing: 2.4pt;"><span> </span></span><span style="letter-spacing: .15pt;">p</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">r</span>o<span style="letter-spacing: .15pt;">c</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;">e</span><span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;">s</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">s</span><span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;">e</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">s</span>,<span> </span><span style="letter-spacing: .2pt;"><span> </span></span><span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;">w</span>i<span style="letter-spacing: .1pt;">t</span>h<span> </span><span style="letter-spacing: .2pt;"><span> </span></span><span style="letter-spacing: .15pt;">e</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;">ac</span>h<span> </span><span style="letter-spacing: .25pt;"><span> </span></span>link<span> </span><span style="letter-spacing: .6pt;"><span> </span></span><span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;">c</span><span style="letter-spacing: .15pt;">o</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">rr</span><span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;">e</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">s</span>pond<span style="letter-spacing: .1pt;">i</span><span style="letter-spacing: .15pt;">n</span>g <span style="letter-spacing: 2.5pt;"><span> </span></span><span style="letter-spacing: .1pt;">t</span>o<span> </span><span style="letter-spacing: .1pt;"><span> </span></span><span>o<span style="letter-spacing: .15pt;">n</span>e m<span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;">a</span>ilbo<span style="letter-spacing: .15pt;">x</span>.</span><o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 12.0pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: .95pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;"><br />
</div><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 8.65pt; margin-right: 28.4pt; margin-top: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; tab-stops: 397.0pt; text-align: center; text-autospace: none;"><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">Q<span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;">.</span>3<span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;">8</span>.<span style="letter-spacing: .35pt;"> </span></span></b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; letter-spacing: .05pt;">D</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">i<span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">ff</span><span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;">e</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">r</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;">e</span>nt<span style="letter-spacing: .1pt;">i</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;">a</span>te<span style="letter-spacing: .2pt;"> </span>b<span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;">e</span>t<span style="letter-spacing: .15pt;">w</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;">ee</span>n<span style="letter-spacing: .25pt;"> </span>p<span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">r</span><span style="letter-spacing: .15pt;">o</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;">g</span><span style="letter-spacing: .1pt;">r</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;">a</span>m<span style="letter-spacing: .25pt;"> </span>t<span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">r</span><span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;">a</span>n<span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">s</span><span style="letter-spacing: .1pt;">l</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;">a</span>t<span style="letter-spacing: .1pt;">i</span>on<span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;"> a</span>nd<span style="letter-spacing: .25pt;"> </span>p<span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">r</span>og<span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">r</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;">a</span>m<span style="letter-spacing: .25pt;"> </span>in<span style="letter-spacing: .1pt;">t</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;">e</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">r</span>p<span style="letter-spacing: .1pt;">r</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;">e</span><span style="letter-spacing: .1pt;">t</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;">a</span>t<span style="letter-spacing: .1pt;">i</span><span style="letter-spacing: .15pt;">o</span>n.<span style="letter-spacing: -2.35pt;"> </span><span> </span><b><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt; mso-font-width: 102%;">(</span><span>6)</span></b><o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 9.0pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: .15pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 10.0pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 41.45pt; margin-right: 377.4pt; margin-top: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;"><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; letter-spacing: .05pt; mso-font-width: 102%;">A</span></b><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; letter-spacing: -.15pt; mso-font-width: 102%;">n</span></b><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; letter-spacing: .05pt; mso-font-width: 102%;">s</span></b><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-font-width: 102%;">:</span></b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";"><o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 5.5pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: .2pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 102%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 41.45pt; margin-right: 9.2pt; margin-top: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-indent: 1.45pt;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; letter-spacing: .1pt;">T</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">he<span style="letter-spacing: .7pt;"> </span><b>p<span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;">r</span>og<span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;">r</span>am<span style="letter-spacing: .8pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">t</span><span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;">r</span>an<span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">s</span><span style="letter-spacing: .1pt;">l</span>a<span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">t</span><span style="letter-spacing: .1pt;">i</span>on<span style="letter-spacing: .75pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -.15pt;">m</span><span style="letter-spacing: .15pt;">o</span>d<span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;">e</span>l<span style="letter-spacing: .75pt;"> </span></b>b<span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">r</span><span style="letter-spacing: .1pt;">i</span>dg<span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;">e</span>s<span style="letter-spacing: .75pt;"> </span>the<span style="letter-spacing: 1.0pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;">e</span><span style="letter-spacing: .15pt;">x</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;">e</span><span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;">c</span>ution<span style="letter-spacing: .95pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;">ga</span>p<span style="letter-spacing: .7pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: .25pt;">b</span>y<span style="letter-spacing: .5pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: .25pt;">t</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">r</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;">a</span>n<span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;">s</span>l<span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;">a</span><span style="letter-spacing: .1pt;">t</span>i<span style="letter-spacing: .15pt;">n</span>g<span style="letter-spacing: .65pt;"> </span>a<span style="letter-spacing: .75pt;"> </span>p<span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">r</span><span style="letter-spacing: .15pt;">o</span>g<span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">r</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;">a</span>m<span style="letter-spacing: .1pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;">w</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">r</span>it<span style="letter-spacing: .1pt;">t</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;">e</span>n<span> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -.9pt;"><span> </span></span><span>in</span><span> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -.8pt;"><span> </span></span>a <span style="letter-spacing: 1.6pt;"><span> </span></span>p<span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">r</span>o<span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;">g</span><span style="letter-spacing: .1pt;">r</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;">a</span><span 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stroked="f"> <v:path arrowok="t"/> </v:shape></v:group><w:wrap anchorx="page"/> </v:group><![endif]--><!--[if !vml]--><span style="height: 81px; margin-left: 233px; margin-top: 10px; mso-ignore: vglayout; position: absolute; width: 362px; z-index: -2;"><img height="81" src="file:///C:/Users/arvind/AppData/Local/Temp/msohtmlclip1/01/clip_image007.gif" v:shapes="_x0000_s1063 _x0000_s1064 _x0000_s1065 _x0000_s1066 _x0000_s1067 _x0000_s1068 _x0000_s1069 _x0000_s1070 _x0000_s1071 _x0000_s1072 _x0000_s1073 _x0000_s1074 _x0000_s1075 _x0000_s1076 _x0000_s1077 _x0000_s1078 _x0000_s1079 _x0000_s1080 _x0000_s1081 _x0000_s1082 _x0000_s1083 _x0000_s1084 _x0000_s1085 _x0000_s1086 _x0000_s1087 _x0000_s1088 _x0000_s1089 _x0000_s1090 _x0000_s1091 _x0000_s1092 _x0000_s1093 _x0000_s1094 _x0000_s1095 _x0000_s1096 _x0000_s1097 _x0000_s1098 _x0000_s1099 _x0000_s1100 _x0000_s1101 _x0000_s1102 _x0000_s1103 _x0000_s1104 _x0000_s1105 _x0000_s1106 _x0000_s1107 _x0000_s1108 _x0000_s1109 _x0000_s1110 _x0000_s1111 _x0000_s1112 _x0000_s1113 _x0000_s1114 _x0000_s1115 _x0000_s1116" width="362" /></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; letter-spacing: .05pt; mso-font-width: 102%;">D</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; letter-spacing: -.1pt; mso-font-width: 102%;">a</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-font-width: 102%;">ta</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";"><o:p></o:p></span></div></div><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 11.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;"><br clear="all" style="mso-break-type: section-break; page-break-before: auto;" /> </span> <div class="WordSection8"> <div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 9.0pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: .3pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 10.0pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;"><br />
</div></div><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;"><br clear="all" style="mso-break-type: section-break; page-break-before: auto;" /> </span> <div class="WordSection9"> <div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 103%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 47.1pt; margin-right: -1.9pt; margin-top: 1.4pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; letter-spacing: .1pt; mso-font-width: 102%;">S</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-font-width: 102%;">ou<span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">r</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;">c</span>e </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">p<span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">r</span>og<span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">r</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;">a</span>m<o:p></o:p></span></div><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 11.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;"><br clear="all" /> </span> <div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 5.0pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: .5pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 5.0pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: -2.7pt; margin-top: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; letter-spacing: -.05pt; mso-font-width: 102%;">Tr</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; letter-spacing: .05pt; mso-font-width: 102%;">a</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-font-width: 102%;">n<span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">s</span>l<span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;">a</span>tor</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";"><o:p></o:p></span></div><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 11.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;"><br clear="all" /> </span> <div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 5.0pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: .15pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 5.0pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 105%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: -1.9pt; margin-top: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">m/c<span style="letter-spacing: .15pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: .1pt; mso-font-width: 102%;">l</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt; mso-font-width: 102%;">a</span><span>n<span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;">g</span><span style="letter-spacing: .15pt;">u</span><span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;">a</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;">g</span>e </span>p<span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">r</span>og<span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">r</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;">a</span>m<o:p></o:p></span></div><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 103%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;"><br clear="all" /> </span> <div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 103%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 42.9pt; margin-top: 1.4pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; letter-spacing: -.05pt; mso-font-width: 102%;">T</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; letter-spacing: -.1pt; mso-font-width: 102%;">a</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; letter-spacing: .1pt; mso-font-width: 102%;">r</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; letter-spacing: -.1pt; mso-font-width: 102%;">g</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; letter-spacing: .05pt; mso-font-width: 102%;">e</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-font-width: 102%;">t </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">p<span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">r</span>og<span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">r</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;">a</span>m<o:p></o:p></span></div></div><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 103%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;"><br clear="all" style="mso-break-type: section-break; page-break-before: auto;" /> </span> <div class="WordSection10"> <div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 7.0pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: .3pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 10.0pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 102%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 41.45pt; margin-right: 9.85pt; margin-top: 1.4pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;"><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; letter-spacing: .05pt;">I</span></b><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">n<span style="letter-spacing: .2pt;"> </span>a<span style="letter-spacing: .25pt;"> </span>p<span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;">r</span>o<span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;">g</span><span style="letter-spacing: .15pt;">r</span>am<span style="letter-spacing: .1pt;"> </span>in<span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">t</span><span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;">e</span><span style="letter-spacing: .15pt;">r</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.15pt;">p</span><span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;">re</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.15pt;">t</span>a<span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">t</span><span style="letter-spacing: .1pt;">i</span>on<span style="letter-spacing: .25pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -.15pt;">p</span><span style="letter-spacing: .15pt;">r</span>o<span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;">c</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;">e</span><span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;">ss</span></span></b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">,<span style="letter-spacing: .2pt;"> </span>the<span style="letter-spacing: .3pt;"> </span>in<span style="letter-spacing: .1pt;">t</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;">e</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">r</span>p<span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">r</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;">e</span><span style="letter-spacing: .1pt;">t</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;">e</span>r<span style="letter-spacing: .15pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: .1pt;">r</span><span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;">e</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;">a</span>ds<span style="letter-spacing: .1pt;"> t</span>he<span style="letter-spacing: .1pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">s</span>ou<span style="letter-spacing: .1pt;">r</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;">c</span>e<span style="letter-spacing: .15pt;"> </span>p<span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">r</span><span style="letter-spacing: .15pt;">o</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;">g</span><span style="letter-spacing: .1pt;">r</span><span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;">a</span>m<span style="letter-spacing: .25pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;">a</span>nd<span style="letter-spacing: .1pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;">s</span>to<span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">r</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;">e</span>s<span style="letter-spacing: .2pt;"> </span>it<span style="letter-spacing: .2pt;"> </span><span>in</span><span style="letter-spacing: .15pt;"> </span>its<span style="letter-spacing: .25pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: .1pt;">m</span><span 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-.1pt;">e</span>n<span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;">e</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">r</span><span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;">a</span>ti<span style="letter-spacing: .15pt;">n</span>g<span style="letter-spacing: .1pt;"> </span>a<span style="letter-spacing: .15pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: .1pt;">m</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;">a</span><span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;">c</span>hine<span style="letter-spacing: .15pt;"> </span>l<span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;">a</span>n<span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;">g</span><span style="letter-spacing: .15pt;">u</span><span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;">a</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;">g</span>e<span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;"> </span>p<span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">r</span><span style="letter-spacing: .15pt;">o</span>g<span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">r</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;">a</span>m<span style="letter-spacing: .25pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;">s</span>o<span style="letter-spacing: .1pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: .05pt; mso-font-width: 102%;">w</span><span>e</span><span style="letter-spacing: .15pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;">ca</span>n<span style="letter-spacing: .25pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;">s</span><span style="letter-spacing: .15pt;">a</span>y<span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: .1pt;">t</span>h<span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;">a</span>t<span style="letter-spacing: .15pt;"> </span>the<span style="letter-spacing: .3pt;"> </span>in<span style="letter-spacing: .1pt;">t</span><span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;">e</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">r</span>p<span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">r</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;">e</span><span style="letter-spacing: .25pt;">t</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;">e</span>r<span style="letter-spacing: .25pt;"> </span>is<span style="letter-spacing: .2pt;"> </span>a<span style="letter-spacing: .15pt;"> </span>l<span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;">a</span><span style="letter-spacing: .15pt;">n</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;">g</span>u<span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;">a</span>ge<span style="letter-spacing: .1pt;"> </span>t<span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">r</span><span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;">a</span>n<span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">s</span>l<span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;">a</span>t<span style="letter-spacing: .15pt;">o</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">r</span>.<span style="letter-spacing: .15pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;">H</span>o<span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;">w</span><span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;">e</span><span style="letter-spacing: .15pt;">v</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;">e</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">r</span>,<span style="letter-spacing: .15pt;"> </span>it<span style="letter-spacing: .1pt;"> </span>t<span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;">a</span>k<span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;">e</span>s<span style="letter-spacing: .1pt;"> </span>one<span style="letter-spacing: .35pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;">s</span>t<span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;">a</span>t<span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;">e</span><span style="letter-spacing: .1pt;">m</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;">e</span>nt<span style="letter-spacing: .2pt;"> </span><span>of</span><span style="letter-spacing: .1pt;"> </span>h<span style="letter-spacing: .1pt;">i</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;">g</span>h<span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;">e</span><span style="letter-spacing: .1pt;">r</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">-</span>l<span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;">e</span>v<span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;">e</span>l<span style="letter-spacing: .2pt;"> </span>l<span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;">a</span><span style="letter-spacing: .15pt;">n</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;">g</span><span style="letter-spacing: .15pt;">ua</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;">g</span>e<span style="letter-spacing: .2pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;">a</span>t<span style="letter-spacing: .2pt;"> </span>a<span style="letter-spacing: .15pt;"> </span>ti<span style="letter-spacing: .1pt;">m</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;">e</span>,<span style="letter-spacing: .2pt;"> </span>t<span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">r</span><span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;">a</span>n<span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">s</span><span style="letter-spacing: .1pt;">l</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;">a</span>t<span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;">e</span>s<span style="letter-spacing: .1pt;"> </span>it<span style="letter-spacing: .2pt;"> </span>in<span style="letter-spacing: .1pt;">t</span>o<span style="letter-spacing: .15pt;"> </span>m<span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;">a</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;">c</span>hine<span style="letter-spacing: .15pt;"> </span>l<span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;">a</span>n<span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;">g</span><span style="letter-spacing: .15pt;">u</span><span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;">a</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;">g</span>e<span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;">a</span>nd<span style="letter-spacing: .35pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;">e</span><span style="letter-spacing: .15pt;">x</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;">e</span><span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;">c</span>ut<span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;">e</span>s<span style="letter-spacing: .3pt;"> </span>it<span style="letter-spacing: .2pt;"> </span><span>im<span style="letter-spacing: .1pt;">m</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;">e</span>di<span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;">a</span>t<span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;">e</span><span style="letter-spacing: .25pt;">l</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.25pt;">y</span>.</span><span style="letter-spacing: .1pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">T</span><span style="letter-spacing: .1pt;">r</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;">a</span>n<span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;">s</span>l<span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;">a</span>tion<span style="letter-spacing: .25pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;">a</span>nd<span style="letter-spacing: .25pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;">e</span><span style="letter-spacing: .15pt;">x</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;">e</span><span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;">c</span>ution<span style="letter-spacing: .25pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;">a</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">r</span>e<span style="letter-spacing: .25pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;">c</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;">a</span><span style="letter-spacing: .1pt;">r</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">r</span>i<span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;">e</span>d<span style="letter-spacing: .25pt;"> </span>out<span style="letter-spacing: .35pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">f</span>or<span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;">e</span><span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;">a</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;">c</span>h<span style="letter-spacing: .15pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">s</span><span style="letter-spacing: .1pt;">t</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;">a</span>t<span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;">e</span><span style="letter-spacing: .1pt;">m</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;">e</span>n<span style="letter-spacing: .1pt;">t</span>.<span style="letter-spacing: .2pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">T</span>he<span style="letter-spacing: .15pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;">a</span>b<span style="letter-spacing: .2pt;">s</span><span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;">e</span>n<span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;">c</span>e<span style="letter-spacing: .15pt;"> </span>of<span style="letter-spacing: .25pt;"> </span>a<span style="letter-spacing: .15pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: .1pt;">t</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;">a</span><span style="letter-spacing: .1pt;">r</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;">g</span><span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;">e</span>t<span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;"> </span><span>p<span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">r</span><span style="letter-spacing: .15pt;">o</span>g<span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">r</span><span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;">a</span>m</span><span style="letter-spacing: .15pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: .1pt;">i</span>mp<span style="letter-spacing: .1pt;">l</span>i<span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;">e</span>s<span style="letter-spacing: .1pt;"> t</span>he<span style="letter-spacing: .1pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;">a</span>b<span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;">s</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;">e</span>n<span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;">c</span>e<span style="letter-spacing: .15pt;"> o</span>f<span style="letter-spacing: .2pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;">a</span>n<span style="letter-spacing: .25pt;"> </span>ou<span style="letter-spacing: .1pt;">t</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;">e</span>r<span style="letter-spacing: .2pt;"> </span>in<span style="letter-spacing: .1pt;">t</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;">e</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">rf</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;">a</span><span style="letter-spacing: .15pt;">c</span>e<span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;"> </span>of<span style="letter-spacing: .15pt;"> </span>the<span style="letter-spacing: .3pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: .1pt;">i</span>nt<span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;">e</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">r</span><span style="letter-spacing: .15pt;">p</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">r</span><span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;">e</span>t<span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;">e</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">r</span>.<span style="letter-spacing: .15pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: .1pt;">T</span>hus<span style="letter-spacing: .15pt;"> </span>l<span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;">a</span><span style="letter-spacing: .15pt;">n</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;">g</span>u<span style="letter-spacing: .15pt;">a</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;">g</span><span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;">e</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">-</span>p<span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">r</span>o<span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;">ce</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">s</span><span style="letter-spacing: .2pt;">s</span>ing<span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;"> ac</span>tiv<span style="letter-spacing: .1pt;">it</span>y<span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;"> </span><span>of</span><span style="letter-spacing: .1pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;">a</span>n<span style="letter-spacing: .25pt;"> </span>int<span style="letter-spacing: .15pt;">e</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">r</span>p<span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">r</span><span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;">e</span>t<span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;">e</span>r<span style="letter-spacing: .2pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;">c</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;">a</span>nnot<span style="letter-spacing: .1pt;"> </span>be<span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;"> s</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;">e</span>p<span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;">a</span><span style="letter-spacing: .1pt;">r</span><span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;">a</span>t<span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;">e</span>d<span style="letter-spacing: .25pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: .1pt;">f</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">r</span>om<span style="letter-spacing: .2pt;"> </span>its<span style="letter-spacing: .25pt;"> </span>p<span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">r</span>o<span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;">g</span><span style="letter-spacing: .1pt;">r</span><span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;">a</span>m<span style="letter-spacing: .25pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;">e</span><span style="letter-spacing: .15pt;">x</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;">e</span><span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;">c</span>ution<span style="letter-spacing: .25pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;">ac</span><span style="letter-spacing: .1pt;">t</span>ivi<span style="letter-spacing: .1pt;">t</span>i<span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;">e</span><span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;">s</span>.<span style="letter-spacing: .2pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;">H</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;">e</span>n<span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;">c</span>e<span style="letter-spacing: .3pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;">w</span>e<span style="letter-spacing: .2pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;">c</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;">a</span>n<span style="letter-spacing: .25pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;">s</span><span style="letter-spacing: .15pt;">a</span>y<span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: .1pt; mso-font-width: 102%;">t</span><span>h<span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;">a</span>t</span><span style="letter-spacing: .1pt;"> i</span>n<span style="letter-spacing: .1pt;">t</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;">e</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">r</span>p<span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">r</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;">e</span><span style="letter-spacing: .1pt;">t</span><span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;">e</span>r<span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;">e</span><span style="letter-spacing: .15pt;">x</span><span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;">e</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;">c</span>ut<span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;">e</span>s<span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;"> </span>a<span style="letter-spacing: .15pt;"> </span>p<span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">r</span><span style="letter-spacing: .15pt;">o</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;">g</span><span style="letter-spacing: .1pt;">r</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;">a</span>m<span style="letter-spacing: .25pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;">w</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">r</span>it<span style="letter-spacing: .1pt;">t</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;">e</span>n<span style="letter-spacing: .15pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: .1pt;">i</span>n<span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;"> </span>a<span style="letter-spacing: .15pt;"> </span>p<span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">r</span><span style="letter-spacing: .15pt;">o</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;">g</span><span style="letter-spacing: .1pt;">r</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;">a</span><span style="letter-spacing: .1pt;">m</span>ming<span style="letter-spacing: .1pt;"> </span>l<span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;">a</span><span style="letter-spacing: .15pt;">n</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;">g</span>u<span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;">a</span>g<span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;">e</span>.<span style="letter-spacing: .25pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -.15pt;">I</span>n<span style="letter-spacing: .2pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;">e</span><span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;">sse</span>n<span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;">c</span><span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;">e</span>,<span style="letter-spacing: .2pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: .1pt;">t</span>he<span style="letter-spacing: .1pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;">e</span><span style="letter-spacing: .15pt;">x</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;">e</span><span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;">c</span>ution<span style="letter-spacing: .25pt;"> </span><span>g<span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;">a</span>p </span>v<span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;">a</span>n<span style="letter-spacing: .1pt;">i</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">s</span>h<span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;">e</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">s</span>.<span style="letter-spacing: .1pt;"> </span>Fol<span style="letter-spacing: .1pt;">l</span>o<span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;">w</span><span style="letter-spacing: .1pt;">i</span><span style="letter-spacing: .15pt;">n</span>g<span style="letter-spacing: .15pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">f</span><span style="letter-spacing: .25pt;">i</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;">g</span><span style="letter-spacing: .15pt;">u</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">r</span>e d<span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;">e</span>pi<span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;">c</span><span style="letter-spacing: .1pt;">t</span>s<span style="letter-spacing: .15pt;"> </span>the<span style="letter-spacing: .3pt;"> </span>p<span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">r</span><span style="letter-spacing: .15pt;">o</span>g<span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">r</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;">a</span>m<span style="letter-spacing: .25pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: .1pt;">i</span><span style="letter-spacing: .15pt;">n</span>t<span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;">e</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">r</span>p<span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">r</span><span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;">e</span>t<span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;">a</span><span style="letter-spacing: .1pt;">t</span>ion<span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: .1pt; mso-font-width: 102%;">m</span><span>od<span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;">e</span>l.</span><o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 12.0pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: .05pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;"><br />
</div></div><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;"><br clear="all" style="mso-break-type: section-break; page-break-before: auto;" /> </span> <div class="WordSection11"> <div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 8.0pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: .35pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 10.0pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;"><br />
</div><div align="right" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: right; text-autospace: none;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; letter-spacing: -.15pt; mso-font-width: 102%;">I</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-font-width: 102%;">nt<span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;">e</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">r</span>p<span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">r</span><span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;">e</span><span style="letter-spacing: .1pt;">t</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;">e</span>r</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";"><o:p></o:p></span></div><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 11.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;"><br clear="all" /> </span> <div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 1.4pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; letter-spacing: -.05pt; mso-font-width: 102%;">M</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; letter-spacing: .05pt; mso-font-width: 102%;">e</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-font-width: 102%;">mo<span style="letter-spacing: .1pt;">r</span>y</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";"><o:p></o:p></span></div></div><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 11.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;"><br clear="all" style="mso-break-type: section-break; page-break-before: auto;" /> </span> <div class="WordSection12"> <div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 5.0pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: .2pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 10.0pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;"><br />
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fillcolor="black" stroked="f"> <v:path arrowok="t"/> </v:shape></v:group><w:wrap anchorx="page"/> </v:group><![endif]--><!--[if !vml]--><span style="mso-ignore: vglayout; position: relative; z-index: -1;"><span style="height: 149px; left: 0px; left: 282px; position: absolute; top: -75px; width: 216px;"><img height="149" src="file:///C:/Users/arvind/AppData/Local/Temp/msohtmlclip1/01/clip_image008.gif" v:shapes="_x0000_s1117 _x0000_s1118 _x0000_s1119 _x0000_s1120 _x0000_s1121 _x0000_s1122 _x0000_s1123 _x0000_s1124 _x0000_s1125 _x0000_s1126 _x0000_s1127 _x0000_s1128 _x0000_s1129 _x0000_s1130 _x0000_s1131 _x0000_s1132 _x0000_s1133 _x0000_s1134 _x0000_s1135 _x0000_s1136 _x0000_s1137 _x0000_s1138 _x0000_s1139 _x0000_s1140 _x0000_s1141 _x0000_s1142 _x0000_s1143 _x0000_s1144 _x0000_s1145 _x0000_s1146 _x0000_s1147 _x0000_s1148 _x0000_s1149 _x0000_s1150 _x0000_s1151 _x0000_s1152 _x0000_s1153 _x0000_s1154 _x0000_s1155 _x0000_s1156 _x0000_s1157 _x0000_s1158 _x0000_s1159" width="216" /></span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-font-width: 102%;">+</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";"><o:p></o:p></span></div></div><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 11.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;"><br clear="all" style="mso-break-type: section-break; page-break-before: auto;" /> </span> <div class="WordSection13"> <div align="right" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 12.5pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; mso-pagination: none; text-align: right; text-autospace: none;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; letter-spacing: -.05pt; mso-font-width: 102%;">Err</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-font-width: 102%;">o<span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">r</span>s</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";"><o:p></o:p></span></div><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 11.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;"><br clear="all" /> </span> <div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: .65pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; letter-spacing: .05pt; mso-font-width: 102%;">D</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; letter-spacing: -.1pt; mso-font-width: 102%;">a</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; letter-spacing: .1pt; mso-font-width: 102%;">t</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-font-width: 102%;">a</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";"><o:p></o:p></span></div></div><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 11.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;"><br clear="all" style="mso-break-type: section-break; page-break-before: auto;" /> </span> <div class="WordSection14"> <div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 10.0pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 10.0pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 10.0pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 10.0pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 10.0pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 13.0pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: .6pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;"><br />
</div><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 212.15pt; margin-right: 215.9pt; margin-top: 1.4pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: center; text-autospace: none;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-font-width: 102%;">36</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";"><o:p></o:p></span></div></div><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 11.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;"><br clear="all" style="mso-break-type: section-break; page-break-before: always;" /> </span> <div class="WordSection15"> <div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 7.6pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 3.0pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; tab-stops: 246.0pt; text-autospace: none;"><b><u><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; letter-spacing: .05pt;">D</span></u></b><b><u><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; letter-spacing: -.1pt;">C</span></u></b><b><u><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">14 <span> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -.15pt;">S</span>y<span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;">s</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">t</span><span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;">e</span>m<span style="letter-spacing: .15pt;"> </span>So<span style="letter-spacing: .1pt;">f</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">t</span><span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;">w</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;">a</span><span style="letter-spacing: .15pt;">r</span>e and<span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: .1pt;">O</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.15pt;">p</span><span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;">er</span>a<span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">t</span>ing<span style="letter-spacing: .1pt;"> </span>Sy<span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;">s</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">t</span><span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;">e</span>m</span></u></b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";"><o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 11.0pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: .6pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 49.95pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 1.4pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; letter-spacing: .05pt;">C</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">h<span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;">a</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">r</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;">a</span><span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;">c</span>t<span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;">e</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">r</span><span style="letter-spacing: .1pt;">i</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">s</span><span style="letter-spacing: .1pt;">t</span>i<span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;">c</span>s<span style="letter-spacing: .2pt;"> </span>of<span style="letter-spacing: .25pt;"> </span>the<span style="letter-spacing: .3pt;"> </span>p<span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">r</span><span style="letter-spacing: .15pt;">o</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;">g</span><span style="letter-spacing: .1pt;">r</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;">a</span>m<span style="letter-spacing: .25pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: .1pt;">t</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">r</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;">a</span>n<span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;">s</span>l<span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;">a</span><span style="letter-spacing: .1pt;">t</span>ion<span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: .1pt;">m</span>od<span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;">e</span>l<span style="letter-spacing: .25pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: .05pt; mso-font-width: 102%;">a</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt; mso-font-width: 102%;">r</span><span style="letter-spacing: .05pt; mso-font-width: 102%;">e</span><span>:</span><o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 58.35pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 1.15pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; tab-stops: 75.0pt; text-autospace: none;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-font-width: 134%;">•</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";"><span> </span>A<span style="letter-spacing: .2pt;"> </span>p<span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">r</span><span style="letter-spacing: .15pt;">o</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;">g</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">r</span><span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;">a</span>m<span style="letter-spacing: .1pt;"> m</span>u<span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">s</span>t<span style="letter-spacing: .25pt;"> </span>be<span style="letter-spacing: .25pt;"> </span>t<span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">r</span><span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;">a</span>n<span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">s</span><span style="letter-spacing: .25pt;">l</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;">a</span>t<span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;">e</span>d<span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;"> </span>b<span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;">e</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">f</span><span style="letter-spacing: .15pt;">o</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">r</span>e<span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: .1pt;">i</span>t<span style="letter-spacing: .15pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;">ca</span>n<span style="letter-spacing: .25pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: .15pt;">b</span>e<span style="letter-spacing: .15pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt; mso-font-width: 102%;">e</span><span style="letter-spacing: .15pt; mso-font-width: 102%;">x</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt; mso-font-width: 102%;">e</span><span style="letter-spacing: .15pt; mso-font-width: 102%;">c</span><span>ut<span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;">e</span>d.</span><o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 101%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 58.35pt; margin-right: 9.1pt; margin-top: 1.15pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; tab-stops: 75.0pt; text-autospace: none;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-font-width: 134%;">•</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";"><span> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">T</span>he<span style="letter-spacing: 1.6pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: .1pt;">t</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">r</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;">a</span>n<span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;">s</span>l<span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;">a</span><span style="letter-spacing: .1pt;">t</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;">e</span>d<span style="letter-spacing: 1.6pt;"> </span>p<span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">r</span><span style="letter-spacing: .15pt;">o</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;">g</span><span style="letter-spacing: .1pt;">r</span><span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;">a</span>m<span style="letter-spacing: 1.65pt;"> </span>m<span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;">a</span>y<span style="letter-spacing: 1.35pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: .15pt;">b</span>e<span style="letter-spacing: 1.6pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;">s</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;">a</span>v<span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;">e</span>d<span style="letter-spacing: 1.55pt;"> </span>in<span style="letter-spacing: 1.7pt;"> </span>a<span style="letter-spacing: 1.6pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">f</span>i<span style="letter-spacing: .1pt;">l</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;">e</span>.<span style="letter-spacing: 1.55pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">T</span>he<span style="letter-spacing: 1.6pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;">s</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;">a</span>v<span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;">e</span>d<span style="letter-spacing: 1.55pt;"> </span>p<span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">r</span><span style="letter-spacing: .15pt;">o</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;">g</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">r</span><span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;">a</span>m<span style="letter-spacing: 1.8pt;"> </span>m<span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;">a</span>y<span style="letter-spacing: 1.5pt;"> </span>be<span style="letter-spacing: .2pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;">e</span><span style="letter-spacing: .15pt;">x</span><span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;">e</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;">c</span>ut<span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;">e</span>d <span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt; mso-font-width: 102%;">r</span><span style="letter-spacing: .05pt; mso-font-width: 102%;">e</span><span>p<span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;">e</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;">a</span><span style="letter-spacing: .1pt;">t</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;">e</span>d<span style="letter-spacing: .25pt;">l</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.25pt;">y</span>.</span><o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 101%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 47.1pt; margin-right: 108.5pt; margin-top: 1.05pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; tab-stops: 75.0pt; text-autospace: none; text-indent: 11.3pt;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-font-width: 134%;">•</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";"><span> </span>A<span style="letter-spacing: .2pt;"> </span>p<span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">r</span><span style="letter-spacing: .15pt;">o</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;">g</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">r</span><span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;">a</span>m<span style="letter-spacing: .1pt;"> m</span>u<span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">s</span>t<span style="letter-spacing: .25pt;"> </span>be<span style="letter-spacing: .25pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: .1pt;">r</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;">e</span><span style="letter-spacing: .1pt;">t</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">r</span><span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;">a</span>n<span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;">s</span>l<span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;">a</span><span style="letter-spacing: .1pt;">t</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;">e</span>d<span style="letter-spacing: .2pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">f</span>ollo<span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;">w</span>ing<span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;"> </span><span>modi<span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">f</span><span style="letter-spacing: .25pt;">i</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;">ca</span><span style="letter-spacing: .1pt;">t</span>ion<span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;">s</span>. </span><span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;">C</span>h<span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;">a</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">r</span><span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;">a</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;">c</span>t<span style="letter-spacing: .15pt;">e</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">r</span>i<span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;">s</span>ti<span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;">c</span>s<span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;"> </span>of<span style="letter-spacing: .15pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: .1pt;">t</span>he<span style="letter-spacing: .1pt;"> </span>p<span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">r</span><span style="letter-spacing: .15pt;">o</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;">g</span><span style="letter-spacing: .1pt;">r</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;">a</span>m<span style="letter-spacing: .25pt;"> </span>int<span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;">e</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">r</span>p<span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">r</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;">e</span><span style="letter-spacing: .1pt;">t</span><span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;">a</span>tion<span style="letter-spacing: .35pt;"> </span><span>mod<span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;">e</span>l:</span><o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 102%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 58.35pt; margin-right: 9.05pt; margin-top: 1.05pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; tab-stops: 75.0pt; text-autospace: none;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-font-width: 134%;">•</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";"><span> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">T</span>he<span style="letter-spacing: .65pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;">s</span>ou<span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">r</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;">c</span>e<span style="letter-spacing: .65pt;"> </span>p<span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">r</span><span style="letter-spacing: .15pt;">o</span>g<span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">r</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;">a</span>m<span style="letter-spacing: .7pt;"> </span>is<span style="letter-spacing: .7pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">r</span><span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;">e</span>t<span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;">a</span>in<span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;">e</span>d<span style="letter-spacing: .65pt;"> </span>in<span style="letter-spacing: .65pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: .1pt;">t</span>he<span style="letter-spacing: .45pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;">s</span>ou<span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">r</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;">c</span>e<span style="letter-spacing: .65pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">f</span>o<span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">r</span>m<span style="letter-spacing: .65pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: .1pt;">i</span>t<span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;">s</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;">e</span>lf<span style="letter-spacing: .65pt;"> </span>i<span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;">.</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;">e</span>.<span style="letter-spacing: .6pt;"> </span>no<span style="letter-spacing: .7pt;"> </span>t<span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;">a</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">r</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;">ge</span>t<span style="letter-spacing: .65pt;"> </span>p<span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">r</span><span style="letter-spacing: .15pt;">o</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;">g</span><span style="letter-spacing: .1pt;">r</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;">a</span>m<span style="letter-spacing: .1pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">f</span>o<span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">r</span>m<span style="letter-spacing: .15pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt; mso-font-width: 102%;">e</span><span style="letter-spacing: .15pt; mso-font-width: 102%;">x</span><span style="letter-spacing: .1pt; mso-font-width: 102%;">i</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt; mso-font-width: 102%;">s</span><span>t<span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;">s</span>.</span><o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 58.35pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: .85pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; tab-stops: 75.0pt; text-autospace: none;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-font-width: 134%;">•</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";"><span> </span>A<span style="letter-spacing: .2pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;">s</span>t<span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;">a</span>t<span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;">e</span><span style="letter-spacing: .1pt;">m</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;">e</span>nt<span style="letter-spacing: .2pt;"> </span>is<span style="letter-spacing: .2pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;">a</span>n<span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;">a</span><span style="letter-spacing: .25pt;">l</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.35pt;">y</span><span style="letter-spacing: .3pt;">z</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;">e</span>d<span style="letter-spacing: .25pt;"> </span>du<span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">r</span><span style="letter-spacing: .1pt;">i</span>ng<span style="letter-spacing: .1pt;"> i</span>ts<span style="letter-spacing: .1pt;"> </span><span>in<span style="letter-spacing: .1pt;">t</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;">e</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">r</span>p<span style="letter-spacing: .1pt;">r</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;">e</span><span style="letter-spacing: .1pt;">t</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;">a</span>t<span style="letter-spacing: .1pt;">i</span>on.</span><o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 26.2pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 52.85pt; margin-right: 22.7pt; margin-top: 2.55pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; mso-pagination: none; tab-stops: 47.0pt 405.0pt; text-autospace: none; text-indent: -45.25pt;"><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">Q<span style="letter-spacing: .2pt;">.</span>3<span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;">9</span>.<span style="letter-spacing: -2.35pt;"> </span><span> </span></span></b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; letter-spacing: -.05pt;">E</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; letter-spacing: .15pt;">x</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">p<span style="letter-spacing: .1pt;">l</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;">a</span>in<span style="letter-spacing: .25pt;"> </span>the<span style="letter-spacing: .3pt;"> </span>di<span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">ff</span><span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;">e</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">r</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;">e</span>n<span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;">ce</span>s<span style="letter-spacing: .2pt;"> </span>b<span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;">e</span><span style="letter-spacing: .1pt;">t</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;">w</span><span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;">e</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;">e</span>n<span style="letter-spacing: .1pt;"> m</span><span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;">a</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;">c</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">r</span>os<span style="letter-spacing: .35pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;">a</span>nd<span style="letter-spacing: .1pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;">s</span>u<span style="letter-spacing: .15pt;">b</span><span style="letter-spacing: .1pt;">r</span>out<span style="letter-spacing: .1pt;">i</span>n<span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;">e</span><span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;">s</span>.<span style="letter-spacing: -2.4pt;"> </span><span> </span><b><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt; mso-font-width: 102%;">(</span><span>4) </span><span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;">A</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.15pt;">n</span><span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;">s</span>:</b><o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 49.95pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 3.1pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;"><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; letter-spacing: .05pt;">M</span></b><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">a<span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;">c</span><span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;">r</span>os<span style="letter-spacing: .4pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;">V</span>s<span style="letter-spacing: .2pt;"> </span><span>Sub<span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;">r</span>ou<span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">t</span><span style="letter-spacing: .1pt;">i</span>n<span style="letter-spacing: .15pt;">e</span>s</span></span></b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";"><o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 102%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 58.35pt; margin-right: 9.35pt; margin-top: .05pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; tab-stops: 75.0pt; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-indent: -5.65pt;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; letter-spacing: -.05pt;">(</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">i)<span style="letter-spacing: -2.45pt;"> </span><span> </span><span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;">M</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;">ac</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">r</span>os <span style="letter-spacing: .5pt;"><span> </span></span><span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;">a</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">r</span>e <span style="letter-spacing: .4pt;"><span> </span></span><span style="letter-spacing: .15pt;">p</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">r</span>e <span style="letter-spacing: .3pt;"><span> </span></span>p<span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">r</span><span style="letter-spacing: .15pt;">o</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;">c</span><span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;">e</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">s</span><span style="letter-spacing: .2pt;">s</span>or <span style="letter-spacing: .35pt;"><span> </span></span>di<span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">r</span><span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;">e</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;">c</span>t<span style="letter-spacing: .1pt;">i</span>v<span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;">e</span>s <span style="letter-spacing: .35pt;"><span> </span></span><span style="letter-spacing: .1pt;">i</span><span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;">.e</span>. <span style="letter-spacing: .25pt;"><span> </span></span>it <span style="letter-spacing: .45pt;"><span> </span></span>is <span style="letter-spacing: .45pt;"><span> </span></span>p<span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">r</span>o<span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;">ce</span><span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;">ss</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;">e</span>d <span style="letter-spacing: .35pt;"><span> </span></span><span style="letter-spacing: .15pt;">b</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;">e</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">f</span>o<span style="letter-spacing: .1pt;">r</span>e <span style="letter-spacing: .3pt;"><span> </span></span><span style="letter-spacing: .1pt;">t</span>he <span style="letter-spacing: .25pt;"><span> </span></span><span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;">s</span>o<span style="letter-spacing: .15pt;">u</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">r</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;">c</span>e<span style="letter-spacing: .1pt;"> </span>p<span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">r</span>og<span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">r</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;">a</span>m<span style="letter-spacing: .15pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: .1pt;">i</span>s<span style="letter-spacing: .1pt;"> </span>p<span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;">a</span><span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;">s</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">s</span><span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;">e</span>d<span style="letter-spacing: .1pt;"> t</span>o<span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;"> </span>the<span style="letter-spacing: .4pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: .05pt; mso-font-width: 102%;">c</span><span>ompi<span style="letter-spacing: .1pt;">l</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;">e</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">r</span>.</span><o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 102%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 58.35pt; margin-right: 9.35pt; margin-top: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-indent: -2.75pt;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">Sub<span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">r</span>ou<span style="letter-spacing: .1pt;">t</span>in<span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;">e</span>s<span style="letter-spacing: 2.45pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;">a</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">r</span>e<span style="letter-spacing: 2.2pt;"> </span>blo<span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;">c</span>ks<span style="letter-spacing: 2.45pt;"> </span>of<span style="letter-spacing: 2.15pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;">c</span>od<span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;">e</span>s<span style="letter-spacing: 2.3pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;">w</span><span style="letter-spacing: .1pt;">i</span>th<span style="letter-spacing: 2.2pt;"> </span>a<span style="letter-spacing: 2.3pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;">s</span>p<span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;">ec</span><span style="letter-spacing: .25pt;">i</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">f</span>ic<span style="letter-spacing: 2.2pt;"> </span>t<span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;">a</span><span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;">s</span>k,<span style="letter-spacing: 2.15pt;"> </span>to<span style="letter-spacing: 2.2pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: .15pt;">b</span>e<span style="letter-spacing: 2.2pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: .15pt;">p</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;">e</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">rf</span><span style="letter-spacing: .15pt;">o</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">r</span>m<span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;">e</span>d<span style="letter-spacing: 2.25pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;">a</span>nd<span style="letter-spacing: 2.4pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;">a</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">r</span>e<span style="letter-spacing: .1pt;"> </span>di<span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">r</span><span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;">e</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;">c</span>t<span style="letter-spacing: .25pt;">l</span>y<span style="letter-spacing: -.2pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: .15pt;">p</span><span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;">a</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">s</span><span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;">s</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;">e</span>d<span style="letter-spacing: .25pt;"> </span>to<span style="letter-spacing: .3pt;"> </span>the<span style="letter-spacing: .3pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt; mso-font-width: 102%;">c</span><span style="letter-spacing: .15pt; mso-font-width: 102%;">o</span><span>mp<span style="letter-spacing: .1pt;">i</span>l<span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;">e</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">r</span>.</span><o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 103%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 58.35pt; margin-right: 9.45pt; margin-top: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-indent: -5.65pt;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; letter-spacing: -.05pt;">(</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">i<span style="letter-spacing: .1pt;">i</span>)<span> </span><span style="letter-spacing: .55pt;"><span> </span></span><span style="letter-spacing: -.15pt;">I</span>n<span style="letter-spacing: 1.25pt;"> </span>a<span style="letter-spacing: 1.1pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: .1pt;">m</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;">ac</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">r</span>o<span style="letter-spacing: 1.35pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;">c</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;">a</span>ll<span style="letter-spacing: 1.3pt;"> </span>the<span style="letter-spacing: 1.25pt;"> </span>p<span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">r</span>e<span style="letter-spacing: 1.35pt;"> </span>p<span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">r</span>o<span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;">ce</span><span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;">ss</span>or<span style="letter-spacing: 1.15pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: .1pt;">r</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;">e</span>pl<span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;">ac</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;">e</span>s<span style="letter-spacing: 1.2pt;"> </span>the<span style="letter-spacing: 1.25pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: .1pt;">m</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;">a</span><span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;">c</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">r</span>o<span style="letter-spacing: 1.25pt;"> </span>t<span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;">e</span><span style="letter-spacing: .1pt;">m</span>pl<span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;">a</span><span style="letter-spacing: .1pt;">t</span>e<span style="letter-spacing: 1.05pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;">w</span>ith<span style="letter-spacing: 1.25pt;"> </span>i<span style="letter-spacing: .1pt;">t</span>s<span style="letter-spacing: 1.1pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: .1pt; mso-font-width: 102%;">m</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt; mso-font-width: 102%;">ac</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt; mso-font-width: 102%;">r</span><span>o </span><span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;">e</span><span style="letter-spacing: .15pt;">x</span>p<span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;">a</span>n<span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">s</span><span style="letter-spacing: .1pt;">i</span>on,<span style="letter-spacing: .1pt;"> </span>in<span style="letter-spacing: .15pt;"> </span>a<span style="letter-spacing: .15pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: .1pt;">l</span>it<span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;">e</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">r</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;">a</span>l<span style="letter-spacing: .15pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: .05pt; mso-font-width: 102%;">wa</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.25pt; mso-font-width: 102%;">y</span><span>.</span><o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 12.55pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 52.7pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; letter-spacing: .05pt;">A</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">s<span style="letter-spacing: 1.65pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;">a</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;">g</span><span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;">a</span>in<span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;">s</span>t<span style="letter-spacing: 1.65pt;"> </span>thi<span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;">s</span>,<span style="letter-spacing: 1.7pt;"> </span>in<span style="letter-spacing: 1.7pt;"> </span>a<span style="letter-spacing: 1.7pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">f</span>u<span style="letter-spacing: .15pt;">n</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;">c</span>t<span style="letter-spacing: .1pt;">i</span>on<span style="letter-spacing: 1.5pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;">c</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;">a</span>ll<span style="letter-spacing: 1.65pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: .1pt;">t</span>he<span style="letter-spacing: 1.65pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;">c</span>ont<span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">r</span>ol<span style="letter-spacing: 1.65pt;"> </span>is<span style="letter-spacing: 1.9pt;"> </span>p<span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;">a</span><span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;">s</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">s</span><span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;">e</span>d<span style="letter-spacing: 1.55pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: .1pt;">t</span>o<span style="letter-spacing: 1.5pt;"> </span>a<span style="letter-spacing: 1.7pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">f</span>un<span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;">c</span>tion<span style="letter-spacing: 1.6pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;">a</span>l<span style="letter-spacing: .15pt;">o</span>ng<span style="letter-spacing: 1.55pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: .05pt; mso-font-width: 102%;">w</span><span>ith</span><o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 102%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 58.35pt; margin-right: 9.3pt; margin-top: .3pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; letter-spacing: -.1pt;">c</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; letter-spacing: .05pt;">e</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; letter-spacing: -.05pt;">r</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">t<span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;">a</span><span style="letter-spacing: .1pt;">i</span>n<span style="letter-spacing: 1.3pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;">a</span><span style="letter-spacing: .1pt;">r</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;">g</span>u<span style="letter-spacing: .1pt;">m</span><span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;">e</span>nt<span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;">s</span>,<span style="letter-spacing: 1.25pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">s</span>o<span style="letter-spacing: .1pt;">m</span>e<span style="letter-spacing: 1.45pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;">c</span><span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;">a</span>l<span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;">c</span>u<span style="letter-spacing: .1pt;">l</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;">a</span>t<span style="letter-spacing: .1pt;">i</span>ons<span style="letter-spacing: 1.25pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;">a</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">r</span>e<span style="letter-spacing: 1.35pt;"> </span>p<span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;">e</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">rf</span>o<span style="letter-spacing: .1pt;">r</span>m<span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;">e</span>d<span style="letter-spacing: 1.45pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: .1pt;">i</span>n<span style="letter-spacing: 1.4pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: .1pt;">t</span>he<span style="letter-spacing: 1.4pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">f</span>un<span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;">c</span><span style="letter-spacing: .1pt;">t</span>ion<span style="letter-spacing: 1.25pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;">a</span>nd<span style="letter-spacing: 1.3pt;"> </span>a<span style="letter-spacing: 1.45pt;"> </span>u<span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;">s</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;">e</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">f</span>ul<span style="letter-spacing: .1pt;"> </span>v<span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;">a</span><span style="letter-spacing: .1pt;">l</span>ue<span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;"> </span><span>is</span><span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">r</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;">e</span><span style="letter-spacing: .1pt;">t</span>u<span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">r</span>n<span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;">e</span>d<span style="letter-spacing: .2pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: .15pt;">b</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;">ac</span>k<span style="letter-spacing: .35pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">fr</span><span style="letter-spacing: .15pt;">o</span>m<span style="letter-spacing: .2pt;"> </span>the<span style="letter-spacing: .3pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt; mso-font-width: 102%;">f</span><span>un<span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;">c</span>t<span style="letter-spacing: .1pt;">i</span>on.</span><o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 102%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 58.35pt; margin-right: 9.2pt; margin-top: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-indent: -5.65pt;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; letter-spacing: -.05pt;">(</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">i<span style="letter-spacing: .1pt;">i</span>i)<span> </span><span style="letter-spacing: .3pt;"><span> </span></span><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">M</span><span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;">a</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;">c</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">r</span>o<span style="letter-spacing: 1.2pt;"> </span>in<span style="letter-spacing: .15pt;">c</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">r</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;">ea</span><span style="letter-spacing: .2pt;">s</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;">e</span>s<span style="letter-spacing: 1.2pt;"> </span>the<span style="letter-spacing: 1.25pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: .15pt;">p</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">r</span><span style="letter-spacing: .15pt;">o</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;">g</span><span style="letter-spacing: .1pt;">r</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;">a</span>m<span style="letter-spacing: 1.05pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;">s</span>i<span style="letter-spacing: .15pt;">z</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;">e</span>.<span style="letter-spacing: 1.0pt;"> </span>For<span style="letter-spacing: 1.35pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;">e</span><span style="letter-spacing: .15pt;">x</span><span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;">a</span>mpl<span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;">e</span>,<span style="letter-spacing: 1.15pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: .1pt;">i</span>f<span style="letter-spacing: 1.0pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;">w</span>e<span style="letter-spacing: 1.15pt;"> </span>u<span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">s</span>e <span style="letter-spacing: 1.95pt;"><span> </span></span>a<span style="letter-spacing: 1.1pt;"> </span>m<span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;">a</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;">c</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">r</span>o<span style="letter-spacing: 1.25pt;"> </span>hun<span style="letter-spacing: .15pt;">d</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">r</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;">e</span>d<span style="letter-spacing: .3pt;"> </span>t<span style="letter-spacing: .1pt;">i</span>m<span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;">e</span>s<span style="letter-spacing: 1.15pt;"> </span><span>in</span><span> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;"><span> </span></span><span>a<span style="letter-spacing: 1.25pt;"> </span></span><span style="letter-spacing: .15pt;">p</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">r</span><span style="letter-spacing: .15pt;">o</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;">g</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">r</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;">a</span><span style="letter-spacing: .1pt;">m</span>,<span style="letter-spacing: 1.25pt;"> </span>the<span style="letter-spacing: 1.6pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: .1pt;">m</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;">ac</span><span style="letter-spacing: .1pt;">r</span>o<span style="letter-spacing: 1.5pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;">e</span><span style="letter-spacing: .15pt;">x</span>p<span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;">a</span>n<span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;">s</span>ion<span style="letter-spacing: 1.3pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;">g</span>o<span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;">e</span>s<span style="letter-spacing: 1.25pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: .1pt;">i</span>nto<span style="letter-spacing: 1.4pt;"> </span>our<span style="letter-spacing: 1.55pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;">s</span>ou<span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">r</span><span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;">c</span>e<span style="letter-spacing: 1.45pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;">c</span>ode<span style="letter-spacing: 1.35pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;">a</span>t<span style="letter-spacing: 1.4pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: .15pt;">h</span>und<span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">r</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;">e</span>d di<span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">ff</span><span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;">e</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">r</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;">e</span>nt<span style="letter-spacing: .95pt;"> </span><span>p<span style="letter-spacing: .1pt;">l</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;">a</span><span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;">ce</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">s</span>.</span><span style="letter-spacing: 1.05pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;">W</span>h<span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;">e</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">r</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;">e</span><span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;">as</span>,<span style="letter-spacing: 1.1pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: .1pt;">f</span>un<span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;">c</span>t<span style="letter-spacing: .1pt;">i</span>ons<span style="letter-spacing: .95pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: .1pt;">m</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;">a</span>ke<span style="letter-spacing: 1.05pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: .1pt;">t</span>he<span style="letter-spacing: .95pt;"> </span>p<span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">r</span>o<span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;">g</span><span style="letter-spacing: .1pt;">r</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;">a</span>m<span style="letter-spacing: 1.2pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">s</span><span style="letter-spacing: .1pt;">m</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;">a</span>l<span style="letter-spacing: .1pt;">l</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;">e</span>r<span style="letter-spacing: 1.05pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;">a</span>nd<span style="letter-spacing: 1.1pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;">c</span>omp<span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;">a</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;">c</span>t.<span style="letter-spacing: 1.15pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -.15pt;">F</span>or <span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;">e</span><span style="letter-spacing: .15pt;">x</span><span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;">a</span>mpl<span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;">e</span>,<span style="letter-spacing: .2pt;"> </span>if<span style="letter-spacing: .2pt;"> </span>a<span style="letter-spacing: .25pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">f</span>un<span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;">c</span>tion<span style="letter-spacing: .3pt;"> </span><span>is</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;"> </span>u<span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;">s</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;">e</span>d,<span style="letter-spacing: .3pt;"> </span>the<span style="letter-spacing: .4pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;">e</span>v<span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;">e</span>n<span style="letter-spacing: .25pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: .1pt;">i</span>f<span style="letter-spacing: .15pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: .1pt;">i</span>t<span style="letter-spacing: .15pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: .1pt;">i</span>s<span style="letter-spacing: .25pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;">ca</span><span style="letter-spacing: .1pt;">l</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.15pt;">l</span><span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;">e</span>d<span style="letter-spacing: .25pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">fr</span>om<span style="letter-spacing: .3pt;"> </span>hund<span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">r</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;">e</span>d<span style="letter-spacing: .65pt;"> </span>di<span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">ff</span><span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;">e</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">r</span><span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;">e</span><span style="letter-spacing: .15pt;">n</span>t<span style="letter-spacing: .25pt;"> </span>p<span style="letter-spacing: .1pt;">l</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;">ac</span><span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;">e</span>s in<span style="letter-spacing: .15pt;"> </span>the<span style="letter-spacing: .3pt;"> </span>p<span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">r</span>og<span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">r</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;">a</span><span style="letter-spacing: .1pt;">m</span>,<span style="letter-spacing: .2pt;"> </span>it<span style="letter-spacing: .2pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;">w</span>ould<span style="letter-spacing: .15pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: .1pt;">t</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;">a</span>ke<span style="letter-spacing: .1pt;"> </span><span>the</span><span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;"> s</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;">a</span>me<span style="letter-spacing: .25pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;">a</span>mount<span style="letter-spacing: .2pt;"> </span>of<span style="letter-spacing: .15pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: .2pt;">s</span>p<span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;">a</span><span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;">c</span>e<span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: .1pt;">i</span>n<span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: .1pt;">t</span>he <span>p<span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">r</span><span style="letter-spacing: .15pt;">o</span>g<span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">r</span><span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;">a</span>m.</span><o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 102%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 58.35pt; margin-right: 9.2pt; margin-top: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-indent: -5.65pt;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; letter-spacing: -.05pt;">(</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">iv) <span style="letter-spacing: .9pt;"><span> </span></span><span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;">M</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;">ac</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">r</span>os<span style="letter-spacing: 1.0pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: .1pt;">m</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;">a</span><span style="letter-spacing: .15pt;">k</span>e<span style="letter-spacing: .8pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: .1pt;">t</span>he<span style="letter-spacing: .7pt;"> </span>p<span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">r</span><span style="letter-spacing: .15pt;">o</span>g<span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">r</span><span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;">a</span>m<span style="letter-spacing: .95pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">r</span>un<span style="letter-spacing: .8pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">f</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;">a</span><span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;">s</span>t<span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;">e</span>r<span style="letter-spacing: .85pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;">a</span>s<span style="letter-spacing: .9pt;"> </span>th<span style="letter-spacing: .3pt;">e</span>y<span style="letter-spacing: .65pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: .15pt;">h</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;">a</span><span style="letter-spacing: .15pt;">v</span>e<span style="letter-spacing: .85pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;">a</span>l<span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">r</span><span style="letter-spacing: .15pt;">e</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;">a</span><span style="letter-spacing: .25pt;">d</span>y<span style="letter-spacing: .6pt;"> </span>b<span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;">ee</span>n<span style="letter-spacing: .85pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;">e</span><span style="letter-spacing: .15pt;">x</span>p<span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;">a</span>nd<span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;">e</span>d<span style="letter-spacing: .95pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;">a</span>nd<span style="letter-spacing: .1pt;"> </span>pl<span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;">a</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;">ce</span>d<span style="letter-spacing: 1.45pt;"> </span><span>in</span> <span style="letter-spacing: -1.05pt;"><span> </span></span>the<span style="letter-spacing: 1.6pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;">s</span>ou<span style="letter-spacing: .1pt;">r</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;">c</span>e<span style="letter-spacing: 1.45pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;">c</span>o<span style="letter-spacing: .15pt;">d</span>e<span style="letter-spacing: 1.45pt;"> </span>b<span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;">e</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">f</span>o<span style="letter-spacing: .1pt;">r</span>e<span style="letter-spacing: 1.45pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;">c</span>o<span style="letter-spacing: .1pt;">m</span>pil<span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;">a</span>tion.<span style="letter-spacing: 1.6pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;">W</span>h<span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;">e</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">r</span><span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;">e</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;">a</span><span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;">s</span>,<span style="letter-spacing: 1.6pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: .15pt;">p</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;">a</span><span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;">s</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">s</span><span style="letter-spacing: .1pt;">i</span>ng<span style="letter-spacing: 1.45pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;">a</span><span style="letter-spacing: .1pt;">r</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;">g</span>um<span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;">e</span><span style="letter-spacing: .15pt;">n</span><span style="letter-spacing: .1pt;">t</span>s<span style="letter-spacing: 1.5pt;"> </span>to<span style="letter-spacing: 1.6pt;"> </span>a<span style="letter-spacing: .1pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">f</span>un<span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;">c</span><span style="letter-spacing: .1pt;">t</span>ion<span style="letter-spacing: .75pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: .05pt; mso-font-width: 102%;">a</span><span>nd</span><span style="letter-spacing: .85pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt; mso-font-width: 102%;">ge</span><span>t<span style="letter-spacing: .1pt;">t</span>i<span style="letter-spacing: .15pt;">n</span>g</span><span style="letter-spacing: .6pt;"> </span>b<span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;">a</span><span style="letter-spacing: .15pt;">c</span>k<span style="letter-spacing: .85pt;"> </span>the<span style="letter-spacing: 1.0pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">r</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;">e</span>tu<span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">r</span><span style="letter-spacing: .15pt;">n</span><span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;">e</span>d<span style="letter-spacing: .8pt;"> </span>v<span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;">a</span><span style="letter-spacing: .1pt;">l</span>u<span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;">e</span>s<span style="letter-spacing: .9pt;"> </span>d<span style="letter-spacing: .15pt;">o</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;">e</span>s<span style="letter-spacing: .9pt;"> </span>t<span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;">a</span>ke<span style="letter-spacing: .8pt;"> </span>t<span style="letter-spacing: .1pt;">i</span>me<span style="letter-spacing: .7pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;">a</span>nd<span style="letter-spacing: .95pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;">w</span>ould<span style="letter-spacing: .9pt;"> </span>th<span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;">e</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">r</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;">e</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">f</span><span style="letter-spacing: .15pt;">o</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">r</span>e<span style="letter-spacing: .15pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;">s</span>low<span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;"> </span>do<span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;">w</span>n<span style="letter-spacing: .2pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: .1pt; mso-font-width: 102%;">t</span><span>he</span><span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;"> </span><span>p<span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">r</span><span style="letter-spacing: .15pt;">o</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;">g</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">r</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;">a</span>m.</span><o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 12.6pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 52.7pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; letter-spacing: -.05pt;">(</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">v)<span> </span><span style="letter-spacing: 1.25pt;"><span> </span></span><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">E</span><span style="letter-spacing: .15pt;">x</span><span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;">a</span>mple<span style="letter-spacing: .15pt;"> </span>of<span style="letter-spacing: .25pt;"> </span><span>m<span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;">a</span><span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;">c</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">r</span>o</span><o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 102%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 55.95pt; margin-right: 73.85pt; margin-top: .95pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;"><span style="font-family: "Courier New"; letter-spacing: .1pt;">#</span><span style="font-family: "Courier New"; letter-spacing: -.05pt;">de</span><span style="font-family: "Courier New"; letter-spacing: .1pt;">f</span><span style="font-family: "Courier New"; letter-spacing: -.05pt;">i</span><span style="font-family: "Courier New"; letter-spacing: .1pt;">n</span><span style="font-family: "Courier New";">e<span style="letter-spacing: .25pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: .1pt;">A</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">R</span><span style="letter-spacing: .1pt;">E</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">A(</span><span style="letter-spacing: .1pt;">x</span>)<span style="letter-spacing: .3pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">(3</span><span style="letter-spacing: .1pt;">.</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">1</span><span style="letter-spacing: .1pt;">4</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">*x</span><span style="letter-spacing: .1pt;">*</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">x</span>)<span style="letter-spacing: .3pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">/</span>/<span style="letter-spacing: .3pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: .1pt;">m</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">ac</span><span style="letter-spacing: .1pt;">r</span>o<span style="letter-spacing: .3pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt; mso-font-width: 102%;">de</span><span style="letter-spacing: .1pt; mso-font-width: 102%;">f</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt; mso-font-width: 102%;">i</span><span style="letter-spacing: .1pt; mso-font-width: 102%;">n</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt; mso-font-width: 102%;">it</span><span style="letter-spacing: .1pt; mso-font-width: 102%;">i</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt; mso-font-width: 102%;">o</span><span>n </span><span style="letter-spacing: .1pt;">m</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">ai</span><span style="letter-spacing: .1pt;">n</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">(</span><span style="letter-spacing: .1pt;">)</span>{<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 69.5pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: .1pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;"><span style="font-family: "Courier New"; letter-spacing: -.05pt;">f</span><span style="font-family: "Courier New"; letter-spacing: .1pt;">l</span><span style="font-family: "Courier New"; letter-spacing: -.05pt;">o</span><span style="font-family: "Courier New"; letter-spacing: .1pt;">a</span><span style="font-family: "Courier New";">t<span style="letter-spacing: .25pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: .1pt;">r</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">1</span><span style="letter-spacing: .1pt;">=</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">6.</span><span style="letter-spacing: .1pt;">2</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">5</span>,<span style="letter-spacing: .3pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">r</span><span style="letter-spacing: .1pt;">2</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">=</span><span style="letter-spacing: .1pt;">2</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">.5</span>,<span style="letter-spacing: .3pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: .1pt; mso-font-width: 101%;">a</span><span>;</span><o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 69.5pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: .25pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;"><span style="font-family: "Courier New"; letter-spacing: -.05pt;">a</span><span style="font-family: "Courier New"; letter-spacing: .1pt;">=</span><span style="font-family: "Courier New"; letter-spacing: -.05pt;">A</span><span style="font-family: "Courier New"; letter-spacing: .1pt;">R</span><span style="font-family: "Courier New"; letter-spacing: -.05pt;">EA</span><span style="font-family: "Courier New"; letter-spacing: .1pt;">(</span><span style="font-family: "Courier New"; letter-spacing: -.05pt;">r</span><span style="font-family: "Courier New"; letter-spacing: .1pt;">1</span><span style="font-family: "Courier New"; letter-spacing: -.05pt;">)</span><span style="font-family: "Courier New";">;<span style="letter-spacing: .35pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">/</span>/<span style="letter-spacing: .3pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">e</span><span style="letter-spacing: .1pt;">x</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">p</span><span style="letter-spacing: .1pt;">a</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">nd</span><span style="letter-spacing: .1pt;">e</span>d<span style="letter-spacing: .3pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">t</span>o<span style="letter-spacing: .3pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">(</span><span style="letter-spacing: .1pt;">3</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">.1</span>4<span style="letter-spacing: .3pt;"> </span>*<span style="letter-spacing: .3pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">r</span>1<span style="letter-spacing: .3pt;"> </span>*<span style="letter-spacing: .3pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt; mso-font-width: 102%;">r</span><span style="letter-spacing: .1pt; mso-font-width: 102%;">1</span><span>)</span><o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 69.5pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: .35pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;"><span style="font-family: "Courier New"; letter-spacing: -.05pt;">p</span><span style="font-family: "Courier New"; letter-spacing: .1pt;">r</span><span style="font-family: "Courier New"; letter-spacing: -.05pt;">i</span><span style="font-family: "Courier New"; letter-spacing: .1pt;">n</span><span style="font-family: "Courier New"; letter-spacing: -.05pt;">tf</span><span style="font-family: "Courier New"; letter-spacing: .1pt;">(</span><span style="font-family: "Courier New"; letter-spacing: -.05pt;">“</span><span style="font-family: "Courier New"; letter-spacing: .1pt;">\</span><span style="font-family: "Courier New";">n<span style="letter-spacing: .35pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">Ar</span><span style="letter-spacing: .1pt;">e</span>a<span style="letter-spacing: .3pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">o</span>f<span style="letter-spacing: .3pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">c</span><span style="letter-spacing: .1pt;">i</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">rc</span><span style="letter-spacing: .1pt;">l</span>e<span style="letter-spacing: .3pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt; mso-font-width: 102%;">=%</span><span style="letter-spacing: .1pt; mso-font-width: 102%;">f</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt; mso-font-width: 102%;">”</span><span style="letter-spacing: .1pt; mso-font-width: 102%;">,</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt; mso-font-width: 102%;">a)</span><span>;</span><o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 69.5pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: .25pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;"><span style="font-family: "Courier New"; letter-spacing: -.05pt;">a</span><span style="font-family: "Courier New"; letter-spacing: .1pt;">=</span><span style="font-family: "Courier New"; letter-spacing: -.05pt;">A</span><span style="font-family: "Courier New"; letter-spacing: .1pt;">R</span><span style="font-family: "Courier New"; letter-spacing: -.05pt;">EA</span><span style="font-family: "Courier New"; letter-spacing: .1pt;">(</span><span style="font-family: "Courier New"; letter-spacing: -.05pt;">r</span><span style="font-family: "Courier New"; letter-spacing: .1pt;">2</span><span style="font-family: "Courier New"; letter-spacing: -.05pt;">)</span><span style="font-family: "Courier New";">;<span style="letter-spacing: .35pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">/</span>/<span style="letter-spacing: .3pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">/</span>/<span style="letter-spacing: .3pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: .1pt;">e</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">xp</span><span style="letter-spacing: .1pt;">a</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">n</span><span style="letter-spacing: .1pt;">d</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">e</span>d<span style="letter-spacing: .3pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">t</span>o<span style="letter-spacing: .3pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">(</span><span style="letter-spacing: .1pt;">3</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">.</span><span style="letter-spacing: .1pt;">1</span>4<span style="letter-spacing: .2pt;"> </span>*<span style="letter-spacing: .3pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: .1pt;">r</span>2<span style="letter-spacing: .2pt;"> </span>*<span style="letter-spacing: .3pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: .1pt; mso-font-width: 102%;">r</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt; mso-font-width: 102%;">2</span><span>)</span><o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 103%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 55.95pt; margin-right: 141.55pt; margin-top: .25pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none; text-indent: 6.85pt;"><span style="font-family: "Courier New"; letter-spacing: -.05pt;">p</span><span style="font-family: "Courier New"; letter-spacing: .1pt;">r</span><span style="font-family: "Courier New"; letter-spacing: -.05pt;">in</span><span style="font-family: "Courier New"; letter-spacing: .1pt;">t</span><span style="font-family: "Courier New"; letter-spacing: -.05pt;">f</span><span style="font-family: "Courier New"; letter-spacing: .1pt;">(</span><span style="font-family: "Courier New"; letter-spacing: -.05pt;">“\</span><span style="font-family: "Courier New";">n<span style="letter-spacing: .35pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">A</span><span style="letter-spacing: .1pt;">r</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">e</span>a<span style="letter-spacing: .3pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">o</span>f<span style="letter-spacing: .3pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: .1pt;">c</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">ir</span><span style="letter-spacing: .1pt;">c</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">l</span><span style="letter-spacing: .1pt;">e</span>=<span style="letter-spacing: .2pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: .1pt; mso-font-width: 102%;">%</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt; mso-font-width: 102%;">f</span><span style="letter-spacing: .1pt; mso-font-width: 102%;">”</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt; mso-font-width: 102%;">,a</span><span style="letter-spacing: .1pt; mso-font-width: 102%;">)</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt; mso-font-width: 102%;">;</span><span>} </span><span style="letter-spacing: .1pt;">E</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">xa</span><span style="letter-spacing: .1pt;">m</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">p</span><span style="letter-spacing: .1pt;">l</span>e<span style="letter-spacing: .1pt;"> o</span>f<span style="letter-spacing: .3pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt; mso-font-width: 102%;">su</span><span style="letter-spacing: .1pt; mso-font-width: 102%;">b</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt; mso-font-width: 102%;">r</span><span style="letter-spacing: .1pt; mso-font-width: 102%;">o</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt; mso-font-width: 102%;">ut</span><span style="letter-spacing: .1pt; mso-font-width: 102%;">i</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt; mso-font-width: 102%;">n</span><span>e</span><o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 12.2pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 55.95pt; margin-right: 337.9pt; margin-top: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;"><span style="font-family: "Courier New"; letter-spacing: .1pt; mso-font-width: 102%; mso-text-raise: 1.0pt; position: relative; top: -1.0pt;">m</span><span style="font-family: "Courier New"; letter-spacing: -.05pt; mso-font-width: 102%; mso-text-raise: 1.0pt; position: relative; top: -1.0pt;">ai</span><span style="font-family: "Courier New"; letter-spacing: .1pt; mso-font-width: 102%; mso-text-raise: 1.0pt; position: relative; top: -1.0pt;">n</span><span style="font-family: "Courier New"; letter-spacing: -.05pt; mso-font-width: 102%; mso-text-raise: 1.0pt; position: relative; top: -1.0pt;">(</span><span style="font-family: "Courier New"; letter-spacing: .1pt; mso-font-width: 102%; mso-text-raise: 1.0pt; position: relative; top: -1.0pt;">)</span><span style="font-family: "Courier New"; mso-font-width: 102%; mso-text-raise: 1.0pt; position: relative; top: -1.0pt;">{</span><span style="font-family: "Courier New";"><o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 69.5pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: .25pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;"><span style="font-family: "Courier New"; letter-spacing: -.05pt;">f</span><span style="font-family: "Courier New"; letter-spacing: .1pt;">l</span><span style="font-family: "Courier New"; letter-spacing: -.05pt;">o</span><span style="font-family: "Courier New"; letter-spacing: .1pt;">a</span><span style="font-family: "Courier New";">t<span style="letter-spacing: .25pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: .1pt;">r</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">1</span><span style="letter-spacing: .1pt;">=</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">6.</span><span style="letter-spacing: .1pt;">2</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">5</span>,<span style="letter-spacing: .3pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">r</span><span style="letter-spacing: .1pt;">2</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">=</span><span style="letter-spacing: .1pt;">2</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">.5</span>,<span style="letter-spacing: .3pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: .1pt; mso-font-width: 101%;">a</span><span>;</span><o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 13.0pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: .1pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 102%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 69.5pt; margin-right: 141.55pt; margin-top: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;"><span style="font-family: "Courier New"; letter-spacing: -.05pt;">a</span><span style="font-family: "Courier New"; letter-spacing: .1pt;">=</span><span style="font-family: "Courier New"; letter-spacing: -.05pt;">A</span><span style="font-family: "Courier New"; letter-spacing: .1pt;">R</span><span style="font-family: "Courier New"; letter-spacing: -.05pt;">EA</span><span style="font-family: "Courier New"; letter-spacing: .1pt;">(</span><span style="font-family: "Courier New"; letter-spacing: -.05pt;">r</span><span style="font-family: "Courier New"; letter-spacing: .1pt;">1</span><span style="font-family: "Courier New"; letter-spacing: -.05pt;">)</span><span style="font-family: "Courier New";">;<span style="letter-spacing: .35pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">/</span>/<span style="letter-spacing: .3pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">c</span><span style="letter-spacing: .1pt;">a</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">l</span><span style="letter-spacing: .1pt;">l</span>s<span style="letter-spacing: .2pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: .1pt;">A</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">R</span><span style="letter-spacing: .1pt;">E</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">A(</span>)<span style="letter-spacing: .1pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">p</span><span style="letter-spacing: .1pt;">r</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">i</span><span style="letter-spacing: .1pt;">n</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">tf</span><span style="letter-spacing: .1pt;">(</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">“</span><span style="letter-spacing: .1pt;">\</span>n<span style="letter-spacing: .2pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">Ar</span><span style="letter-spacing: .1pt;">e</span>a<span style="letter-spacing: .3pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">o</span>f<span style="letter-spacing: .3pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">c</span><span style="letter-spacing: .1pt;">i</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">rc</span><span style="letter-spacing: .1pt;">l</span>e<span style="letter-spacing: .3pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">=%</span><span style="letter-spacing: .1pt;">f</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">”</span><span style="letter-spacing: .1pt;">,</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">a)</span>;<span style="letter-spacing: .1pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">a</span><span style="letter-spacing: .1pt;">=</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">A</span><span style="letter-spacing: .1pt;">R</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">EA</span><span style="letter-spacing: .1pt;">(</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">r</span><span style="letter-spacing: .1pt;">2</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">)</span>;<span style="letter-spacing: .2pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt; mso-font-width: 101%;">/</span><span>/</span><span style="letter-spacing: .2pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">c</span><span style="letter-spacing: .1pt;">a</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">l</span><span style="letter-spacing: .1pt;">l</span>s<span style="letter-spacing: .2pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: .1pt; mso-font-width: 102%;">A</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt; mso-font-width: 102%;">R</span><span style="letter-spacing: .1pt; mso-font-width: 102%;">E</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt; mso-font-width: 102%;">A(</span><span>)</span><o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 12.4pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 62.8pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;"><span style="font-family: "Courier New"; letter-spacing: -.05pt; mso-text-raise: 1.0pt; position: relative; top: -1.0pt;">p</span><span style="font-family: "Courier New"; letter-spacing: .1pt; mso-text-raise: 1.0pt; position: relative; top: -1.0pt;">r</span><span style="font-family: "Courier New"; letter-spacing: -.05pt; mso-text-raise: 1.0pt; position: relative; top: -1.0pt;">in</span><span style="font-family: "Courier New"; letter-spacing: .1pt; mso-text-raise: 1.0pt; position: relative; top: -1.0pt;">t</span><span style="font-family: "Courier New"; letter-spacing: -.05pt; mso-text-raise: 1.0pt; position: relative; top: -1.0pt;">f</span><span style="font-family: "Courier New"; letter-spacing: .1pt; mso-text-raise: 1.0pt; position: relative; top: -1.0pt;">(</span><span style="font-family: "Courier New"; letter-spacing: -.05pt; mso-text-raise: 1.0pt; position: relative; top: -1.0pt;">“\</span><span style="font-family: "Courier New"; mso-text-raise: 1.0pt; position: relative; top: -1.0pt;">n<span style="letter-spacing: .35pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">A</span><span style="letter-spacing: .1pt;">r</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">e</span>a<span style="letter-spacing: .3pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">o</span>f<span style="letter-spacing: .3pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: .1pt;">c</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">ir</span><span style="letter-spacing: .1pt;">c</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">l</span><span style="letter-spacing: .1pt;">e</span>=<span style="letter-spacing: .2pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: .1pt; mso-font-width: 102%;">%</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt; mso-font-width: 102%;">f</span><span style="letter-spacing: .1pt; mso-font-width: 102%;">”</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt; mso-font-width: 102%;">,a</span><span style="letter-spacing: .1pt; mso-font-width: 102%;">)</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt; mso-font-width: 102%;">;</span><span>}</span></span><span style="font-family: "Courier New";"><o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 55.95pt; margin-right: 155.1pt; margin-top: .35pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;"><span style="font-family: "Courier New"; letter-spacing: .1pt;">f</span><span style="font-family: "Courier New"; letter-spacing: -.05pt;">lo</span><span style="font-family: "Courier New"; letter-spacing: .1pt;">a</span><span style="font-family: "Courier New";">t<span style="letter-spacing: .35pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">AR</span><span style="letter-spacing: .1pt;">E</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">A</span><span style="letter-spacing: .1pt;">(</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">fl</span><span style="letter-spacing: .1pt;">o</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">a</span>t<span style="letter-spacing: .3pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">r</span>)<span style="letter-spacing: .3pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: .1pt;">/</span>/<span style="letter-spacing: .2pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: .1pt; mso-font-width: 102%;">s</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt; mso-font-width: 102%;">u</span><span style="letter-spacing: .1pt; mso-font-width: 102%;">b</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt; mso-font-width: 102%;">ro</span><span style="letter-spacing: .1pt; mso-font-width: 102%;">u</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt; mso-font-width: 102%;">t</span><span style="letter-spacing: .1pt; mso-font-width: 102%;">i</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt; mso-font-width: 102%;">ne</span><span>{</span><o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 11.6pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 69.5pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: .25pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;"><span style="font-family: "Courier New"; letter-spacing: -.05pt;">r</span><span style="font-family: "Courier New"; letter-spacing: .1pt;">e</span><span style="font-family: "Courier New"; letter-spacing: -.05pt;">t</span><span style="font-family: "Courier New"; letter-spacing: .1pt;">u</span><span style="font-family: "Courier New"; letter-spacing: -.05pt;">r</span><span style="font-family: "Courier New";">n<span style="letter-spacing: .35pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt; mso-font-width: 102%;">3</span><span style="letter-spacing: .1pt; mso-font-width: 102%;">.</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt; mso-font-width: 102%;">14</span><span style="letter-spacing: .1pt; mso-font-width: 102%;">*</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt; mso-font-width: 102%;">r</span><span style="letter-spacing: .1pt; mso-font-width: 102%;">*</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt; mso-font-width: 102%;">r;</span><span>}</span><o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 5.5pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: .5pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 10.0pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;"><br />
</div><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 212.15pt; margin-right: 215.9pt; margin-top: 1.4pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: center; text-autospace: none;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-font-width: 102%;">37</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";"><o:p></o:p></span></div></div><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 11.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;"><br clear="all" style="mso-break-type: section-break; page-break-before: always;" /> </span> <div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 11.6pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 3.0pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; tab-stops: 250.0pt; text-autospace: none;"><b><u><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; letter-spacing: .05pt;">D</span></u></b><b><u><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; letter-spacing: -.1pt;">C</span></u></b><b><u><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">14 <span> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -.15pt;">S</span>y<span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;">s</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">t</span><span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;">e</span>m<span style="letter-spacing: .15pt;"> </span>So<span style="letter-spacing: .1pt;">f</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">t</span><span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;">w</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;">a</span><span style="letter-spacing: .15pt;">r</span>e and<span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: .1pt;">O</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.15pt;">p</span><span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;">er</span>a<span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">t</span>ing<span style="letter-spacing: .1pt;"> </span>Sy<span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;">s</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">t</span><span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;">e</span>m</span></u></b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";"><o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 11.0pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: .6pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;"><br />
</div><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 9.75pt; margin-right: 34.05pt; margin-top: 1.4pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; tab-stops: 49.0pt 5.5in; text-align: center; text-autospace: none;"><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">Q<span style="letter-spacing: .2pt;">.</span>4<span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;">0</span>.<span style="letter-spacing: -2.35pt;"> </span><span> </span></span></b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; letter-spacing: -.15pt;">E</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; letter-spacing: .15pt;">x</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">pl<span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;">a</span>in<span style="letter-spacing: .25pt;"> </span>the<span style="letter-spacing: .3pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">s</span><span style="letter-spacing: .1pt;">t</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;">a</span><span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;">c</span>k<span style="letter-spacing: .1pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;">s</span>to<span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">r</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;">a</span>ge<span style="letter-spacing: .15pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;">a</span>llo<span style="letter-spacing: .15pt;">c</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;">a</span>t<span style="letter-spacing: .1pt;">i</span>on<span style="letter-spacing: .1pt;"> </span>mod<span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;">e</span>l.<span style="letter-spacing: -2.15pt;"> </span><span> </span><b><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt; mso-font-width: 102%;">(</span><span>6)</span></b><o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 14.0pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: .85pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 56.85pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;"><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; letter-spacing: .05pt; mso-font-width: 102%;">A</span></b><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; letter-spacing: -.15pt; mso-font-width: 102%;">n</span></b><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; letter-spacing: .05pt; mso-font-width: 102%;">s</span></b><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-font-width: 102%;">:</span></b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";"><o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 5.5pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: .2pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 102%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 69.1pt; margin-right: 38.15pt; margin-top: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none; text-indent: 3.0pt;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; letter-spacing: -.25pt;">I</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">n<span style="letter-spacing: .2pt;"> </span><b><span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;">s</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">t</span>a<span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;">c</span>k<span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">-</span>ba<span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;">se</span>d<span style="letter-spacing: .2pt;"> </span>al<span style="letter-spacing: .1pt;">l</span>o<span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;">c</span>a<span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">t</span>i<span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;">o</span>n</b>,<span style="letter-spacing: .25pt;"> </span>obj<span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;">e</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;">c</span>ts<span style="letter-spacing: .3pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: .15pt;">a</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">r</span>e<span style="letter-spacing: .15pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;">a</span>l<span style="letter-spacing: .1pt;">l</span>o<span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;">c</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;">a</span><span style="letter-spacing: .1pt;">t</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;">e</span>d<span style="letter-spacing: .25pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: .1pt;">i</span>n<span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: .1pt;">l</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;">a</span><span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;">s</span>t<span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">-</span>in,<span style="letter-spacing: .15pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">f</span><span style="letter-spacing: .1pt;">i</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">rs</span><span style="letter-spacing: .1pt;">t</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">-</span>out<span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;"> </span>d<span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;">a</span>ta<span style="letter-spacing: .1pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;">s</span>t<span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">r</span>u<span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;">c</span>tu<span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">r</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;">e</span>,<span style="letter-spacing: .1pt;"> </span><span>a</span><span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;"> <i>s</i></span><i>ta<span style="letter-spacing: .15pt;">c</span><span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;">k</span></i><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">.</span>–<i><span style="letter-spacing: .1pt;">E</span><span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;">.</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;">g</span>.<span style="letter-spacing: .3pt;"> </span></i><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">R</span><span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;">e</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;">c</span>u<span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">r</span><span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;">s</span>ive<span style="letter-spacing: .2pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">s</span>ub<span style="letter-spacing: .1pt;">r</span>outine<span style="letter-spacing: .15pt;"> p</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;">a</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">r</span><span style="letter-spacing: .15pt;">a</span>m<span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;">e</span><span style="letter-spacing: .1pt;">t</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;">e</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">r</span><span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;">s</span>.<span style="letter-spacing: .2pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">T</span>he<span style="letter-spacing: .15pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;">s</span>t<span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;">ac</span>k<span style="letter-spacing: .1pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;">s</span>to<span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">r</span><span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;">a</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;">g</span>e<span style="letter-spacing: .1pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;">a</span>llo<span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;">c</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;">a</span>t<span style="letter-spacing: .1pt;">i</span>on <span style="letter-spacing: .1pt; mso-font-width: 102%;">m</span><span>od<span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;">e</span>l</span><o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 69.1pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: .8pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-font-width: 134%;">•<span style="letter-spacing: .8pt;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; letter-spacing: .05pt;">G</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; letter-spacing: -.05pt;">r</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">ow<span style="letter-spacing: .2pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;">a</span>nd<span style="letter-spacing: .25pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">s</span>h<span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">r</span><span style="letter-spacing: .1pt;">i</span>nk<span style="letter-spacing: .1pt;"> </span>on<span style="letter-spacing: .35pt;"> </span>p<span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">r</span><span style="letter-spacing: .15pt;">o</span><span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;">c</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;">e</span>du<span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">r</span>e<span style="letter-spacing: .15pt;"> c</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;">a</span>l<span style="letter-spacing: .1pt;">l</span>s<span style="letter-spacing: .15pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;">a</span>nd<span style="letter-spacing: .25pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt; mso-font-width: 102%;">r</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt; mso-font-width: 102%;">e</span><span>t<span style="letter-spacing: .15pt;">u</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">r</span>n<span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;">s</span>.</span><o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 69.1pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 1.15pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-font-width: 134%;">•<span style="letter-spacing: .8pt;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; letter-spacing: .05pt;">R</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; letter-spacing: -.1pt;">eg</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; letter-spacing: .1pt;">i</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; letter-spacing: -.05pt;">s</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; letter-spacing: .1pt;">t</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; letter-spacing: -.1pt;">e</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">r<span style="letter-spacing: .35pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;">a</span>l<span style="letter-spacing: .1pt;">l</span>o<span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;">ca</span><span style="letter-spacing: .1pt;">t</span>ion<span style="letter-spacing: .1pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;">w</span>o<span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">r</span>ks<span style="letter-spacing: .35pt;"> </span>b<span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;">e</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">s</span>t<span style="letter-spacing: .2pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">f</span>or<span style="letter-spacing: .15pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">s</span><span style="letter-spacing: .1pt;">t</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;">ac</span><span style="letter-spacing: .15pt;">k</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">-</span><span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;">a</span>llo<span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;">c</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;">a</span>t<span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;">e</span>d<span style="letter-spacing: .25pt;"> </span><span>obj<span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;">e</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;">c</span>t<span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;">s</span>.</span><o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 69.1pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 1.15pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-font-width: 134%;">•<span style="letter-spacing: .8pt;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; letter-spacing: .05pt;">M</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; letter-spacing: -.1pt;">e</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">mo<span style="letter-spacing: .1pt;">r</span>y<span style="letter-spacing: .2pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;">a</span><span style="letter-spacing: .1pt;">l</span>lo<span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;">c</span><span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;">a</span>tion<span style="letter-spacing: .25pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;">a</span>nd<span style="letter-spacing: .25pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: .1pt;">f</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">r</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;">ee</span><span style="letter-spacing: .1pt;">i</span><span style="letter-spacing: .15pt;">n</span>g<span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;">a</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">r</span>e<span style="letter-spacing: .15pt;"> </span>p<span style="letter-spacing: .15pt;">a</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">r</span>ti<span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;">a</span>l<span style="letter-spacing: .1pt;">l</span>y <span>p<span style="letter-spacing: .1pt;">r</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;">e</span>d<span style="letter-spacing: .1pt;">i</span><span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;">c</span>t<span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;">a</span>b<span style="letter-spacing: .1pt;">l</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;">e</span>.</span><o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 69.1pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 1.0pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-font-width: 134%;">•<span style="letter-spacing: .8pt;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; letter-spacing: .05pt;">R</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; letter-spacing: -.1pt;">e</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; letter-spacing: .05pt;">s</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">t<span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">r</span><span style="letter-spacing: .1pt;">i</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;">c</span>t<span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;">e</span>d<span style="letter-spacing: .15pt;"> </span>but<span style="letter-spacing: .35pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;">s</span>imp<span style="letter-spacing: .1pt;">l</span>e<span style="letter-spacing: .15pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;">a</span>nd<span style="letter-spacing: .1pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: .05pt; mso-font-width: 102%;">e</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt; mso-font-width: 102%;">ff</span><span>i<span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;">c</span><span style="letter-spacing: .1pt;">i</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;">e</span>nt.</span><o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 101%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 86.0pt; margin-right: 9.2pt; margin-top: 1.15pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-indent: -16.9pt;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-font-width: 134%;">•<span style="letter-spacing: .8pt;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; letter-spacing: .05pt;">A</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">llo<span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;">c</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;">a</span>t<span style="letter-spacing: .1pt;">i</span>on<span style="letter-spacing: .9pt;"> </span>is<span style="letter-spacing: .95pt;"> </span>hi<span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;">e</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">r</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;">a</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">r</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;">c</span>h<span style="letter-spacing: .25pt;">i</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;">ca</span><span style="letter-spacing: .25pt;">l</span>:<span style="letter-spacing: .85pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;">M</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;">e</span>mo<span style="letter-spacing: .1pt;">r</span>y<span style="letter-spacing: .8pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: .1pt;">f</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">r</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;">ee</span>d<span style="letter-spacing: .9pt;"> </span>in<span style="letter-spacing: .9pt;"> </span>oppo<span style="letter-spacing: .2pt;">s</span>ite<span style="letter-spacing: 1.15pt;"> </span>o<span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">r</span>d<span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;">e</span>r<span style="letter-spacing: .8pt;"> </span>of<span style="letter-spacing: .95pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;">a</span>llo<span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;">c</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;">a</span>t<span style="letter-spacing: .1pt;">i</span>on.<span style="letter-spacing: .8pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: .1pt;">T</span>h<span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;">a</span>t<span style="letter-spacing: .1pt;"> i</span>s<span style="letter-spacing: 1.85pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -.25pt; mso-font-width: 102%;">I</span><span>f</span> <span style="letter-spacing: -.75pt;"><span> </span></span><span style="letter-spacing: .05pt; mso-font-width: 102%;">a</span><span>lloc</span> <span style="letter-spacing: -.65pt;"><span> </span></span><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">(</span><span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;">A</span>)<span style="letter-spacing: 1.7pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: .1pt;">t</span>h<span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;">e</span>n<span style="letter-spacing: 2.0pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;">a</span>l<span style="letter-spacing: .1pt;">l</span>oc<span style="letter-spacing: 1.8pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: .1pt;">(</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">B</span>)<span style="letter-spacing: 1.8pt;"> </span>th<span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;">e</span>n<span style="letter-spacing: 2.1pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;">a</span><span style="letter-spacing: .1pt;">l</span>loc<span style="letter-spacing: 1.8pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">(</span><span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;">C</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">)</span>,<span style="letter-spacing: 1.8pt;"> </span>t<span style="letter-spacing: .15pt;">h</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;">e</span>n<span style="letter-spacing: 1.85pt;"> </span>it<span style="letter-spacing: 1.9pt;"> </span>mu<span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;">s</span>t<span style="letter-spacing: 2.05pt;"> </span>be<span style="letter-spacing: 1.9pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">f</span><span style="letter-spacing: .1pt;">r</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;">ee</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">(</span><span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;">C</span>)<span style="letter-spacing: 1.8pt;"> </span>t<span style="letter-spacing: .15pt;">h</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;">e</span>n<span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">fr</span><span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;">ee</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">(</span><span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;">B</span>)<span style="letter-spacing: .1pt;"> </span><span>th<span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;">e</span>n</span><span style="letter-spacing: .15pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt; mso-font-width: 102%;">f</span><span style="letter-spacing: .1pt; mso-font-width: 102%;">r</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt; mso-font-width: 102%;">e</span><span style="letter-spacing: .05pt; mso-font-width: 102%;">e</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt; mso-font-width: 102%;">(</span><span style="letter-spacing: .05pt; mso-font-width: 102%;">A</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt; mso-font-width: 102%;">)</span><span>.</span><o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 13.0pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: .2pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;"><br />
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</div>Anonymoushttp://www.blogger.com/profile/17584789907165764161noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-373343443959566174.post-57878527076254533412012-03-26T14:46:00.000-07:002012-03-26T14:46:40.393-07:00System Software And Operating System Important Descriptive Questions 3<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #3d85c6;">System Software And Operating System Important Descriptive Questions 3</span><br />
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Q.21. Discuss two main approaches to identify and reuse free memory area in a heap. (6) Ans:<br />
Two popular techniques to identify free memory areas as a result of allocation and de-<br />
allocations in a heap are:<br />
1. Reference count: the system associates a reference count with each memory area to indicate the number of its active users. This number is incremented when a user accesses that area and decrements when user stops using that. The area is free if the reference counts drops to zero. This scheme is very simple to implement however incurs incremental overheads.<br />
2. Garbage collection: In this technique two passes are made over the memory to identify unused areas. In the first pass it traverses all pointers pointing to allocated areas and marks the memory areas that are in use. The second pass finds all unmarked areas and declares them to be free. The garbage collection overheads are not incremental. They are incurred every time the system runs out of free memory to allocate to fresh requests.<br />
Two main approaches to reuse free memory area in a heap are:<br />
First-fit: Allocate the first hole that is big enough. Searching can start either at the beginning of the set of holes or where the previous first-fit search ended. Searching is stopped as soon as a free hole is found that is large enough<br />
Best-fit: Allocate the smallest hole that is big enough; Entire list is searched, unless<br />
ordered by size. This strategy produces the smallest leftover hole.<br />
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Q.22. List the steps needed to perform page replacement. Explain the different page replacement policies. Also list out the main requirements, which should be satisfied by a page replacement policy. (8)<br />
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Ans:<br />
The steps needed to perform page replacement are:<br />
1.Determine which page is to be removed from the memory.<br />
2.Perform a page-out operation.<br />
3.Perform a page-in operation.<br />
Different page replacement algorithms are briefly described below:<br />
1. First-in, first-out<br />
The first-in, first-out (FIFO) page replacement algorithm is a low-overhead algorithm. Here the operating system keeps track of all the pages in memory in a queue, with the most recent arrival at the back, and the earliest arrival in front. When a page needs to be replaced, the page at the front of the queue (the oldest page) is selected.<br />
Advantage: FIFO is cheap and intuitive.<br />
Disadvantage: 1. Performs poorly in practical application.<br />
2. Suffers from Belady’s anomaly.<br />
2. Not recently used<br />
The not recently used (NRU) page replacement algorithm works on the following principle: when a page is referenced, a referenced bit is set for that page, marking it as referenced. Similarly, when a page is modified (written to), a modified bit is set. At a certain fixed time interval, the clock interrupt triggers and clears the referenced bit of all the pages, so only pages referenced within the current clock interval are marked with a referenced bit. When a page needs to be replaced, the operating system divides the pages into four classes:<br />
• Class 0: not referenced, not modified<br />
• Class 1: not referenced, modified<br />
• Class 2: referenced, not modified<br />
• Class 3: referenced, modified.<br />
The NRU algorithm picks a random page from the lowest category for removal.<br />
3. Optimal page replacement algorithm<br />
The optimal page replacement algorithm (also known as OPT )is an algorithm that works as follows: when a page needs to be swapped in, the operating system swaps out the page whose next use will occur farthest in the future. For example, a page that is not going to be used for the next 6 seconds will be swapped out over a page that is going to be used within the next 0.4 seconds.<br />
Disadvantage: This algorithm cannot be implemented in the general purpose<br />
operating system because it is impossible to compute reliably how long it will be before a page is going to be used.<br />
The main requirements, which should be satisfied by a page replacement policy, are:<br />
1. Non-interference with the program’s locality of reference: The page replacement<br />
policy must not remove a page that may be referenced in the immediate future.<br />
2. The page fault rate must not increase with an increase in the memory allocation for a program.<br />
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Q.23. What is an I/O buffer? What is the advantage of buffering? Is buffering always effective? Justify your answer with help of an example. (8)<br />
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Ans:<br />
One kind of I/O requirement arises from devices that have a very high character density such as tapes and disks. With these characteristics, it is not possible to regulate communication with devices on a character-by-character basis. The information transfer, therefore, is regulated in blocks of information. Additionally, sometimes this may require some kind of format control to structure the information to suit the device and/or data characteristics. For instance, a disk drive differs from a line printer or an image scanner. For each of these devices, the format and structure of information is different. It should be observed that the rate at which a device may provide data and the rates at which an end application may consume it might be considerably different. In spite of these differences, the OS should provide uniform and easy to use I/O mechanisms. Usually, this is done by providing a I/O buffer. The OS manages this buffer so as to be able to comply with the requirements of both the producer and consumer of data. Basically, the buffers absorb mismatch in the data transfer rates of processor or memory on one side and device on the other.<br />
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Q.24. Discuss the different techniques with which a file can be shared among different users. (8)<br />
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Ans:<br />
Some popular techniques with which a file can be shared among different users are:<br />
1. Sequential sharing: In this sharing technique, a file can be shared by only one program at a time, that is, file accesses by P1 and P2 are spaced out over time. A<br />
lock field can be used to implement this. Setting and resetting of the lock at file open and close ensures that only one program can use the file at any time.<br />
2. Concurrent sharing: Here a number of programs may share a file concurrently. When this is the case, it is essential to avoid mutual interference between them. There are three categories of concurrent sharing:<br />
a. Immutable files: If a file is shared in immutable mode, none of the sharing programs can modify it. This mode has the advantage that sharing programs are independent of one another.<br />
b. Single image immutable files: Here the changes made by one program are immediately visible to other programs. The Unix file system uses this file- sharing mode.<br />
c. Multiple image mutable files: Here many programs can concurrently update the shared file. Each updating program creates a new version of the file, which is different from the version created by concurrent programs. This sharing mode can only be used in applications where concurrent updates and the existence of multiple versions are meaningful.<br />
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Q.25. Differentiate between protection and security. Explain the techniques used for protection of user files. (8)<br />
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Ans:<br />
Operating system consists of a collection of objects, hardware or software. Each object has a unique name and can be accessed through a well-defined set of operations. Protection problem - ensure that each object is accessed correctly and only by those processes that are allowed to do so.<br />
Security must consider external environment of the system, and protect it from:<br />
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•Unauthorized access.<br />
•malicious modification or destruction<br />
•Accidental introduction of inconsistency.<br />
It is easier to protect against accidental than malicious misuse.<br />
Protection of user files means that file owner/creator should be able to control:<br />
what can be done and by whom. Various categories of access to files are:<br />
•Read<br />
•Write<br />
•Execute<br />
•Append<br />
•Delete<br />
•List<br />
Q.26. What is parsing? Explain any three parsing techniques. (8) Ans<br />
Parsing is the process of analyzing a text, made of a sequence of tokens, to<br />
determine its grammatical structure with respect to a given formal grammer. Parsing is also known as syntactic analysis and parser is used for analyzing a text. The task of the parser is essentially to determine if and how the input can be derived from the start symbol of the grammar.<br />
Following are three parsing techniques:<br />
Top-down parsing - Top-down parsing can be viewed as an attempt to find left-most derivations of an input-stream by searching for parse trees using a top-down expansion of the given formal grammar rules. Tokens are consumed from left to right. Inclusive choice is used to accommodate ambiguity by expanding all alternative right- hand-sides of grammar rules.<br />
Bottom-up parsing - A parser can start with the input and attempt to rewrite it to the<br />
start symbol. Intuitively, the parser attempts to locate the most basic elements, then the elements containing these, and so on. LR parsers are examples of bottom-up parsers. Another term used for this type of parser is Shift-Reduce parsing.<br />
Recursive descent parsing- It is a top down parsing without backtracking. This parsing technique uses a set of recursive procedures to perform parsing. Salient advantages of recursive descent parsing are its simplicity and generality. It can be implemented in any language supporting recursive procedures.<br />
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Q.27. Draw the state diagram of a process from its creation to termination, including all transitions, and briefly elaborate every state and every transition. (8)<br />
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Ans:<br />
As a process executes, it changes state<br />
• new: The process is being created.<br />
• running: Instructions are being executed.<br />
• waiting: The process is waiting for some event to occur.<br />
• ready: The process is waiting to be assigned to a processor.<br />
• terminated: The process has finished execution.<br />
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Q.28. Consider the following system snapshot using data structures in the Banker’s algorithm, with resources A, B, C, and D, and process P0 to P4:<br />
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Max Allocation Need Available<br />
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P0 A<br />
6 B<br />
0 C<br />
1 D<br />
2 A<br />
4 B<br />
0 C<br />
0 D<br />
1 A B C D A B C D<br />
P1 1 7 5 0 1 1 0 0 <br />
P2 2 3 5 6 1 2 5 4 <br />
P3 1 6 5 3 0 6 3 3 <br />
P4 1 6 5 6 0 2 1 2 <br />
3 2 1 1<br />
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Using Banker’s algorithm, answer the following questions.<br />
(a) How many resources of type A, B, C, and D are there? (2) (b) What are the contents of the Need matrix? (3) (c) Is the system in a safe state? Why (4) (d) If a request from process P4 arrives for additional resources of (1,2,0,0,), can the Banker’s algorithm grant the request immediately? Show the new system state and other criteria. (7)<br />
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Ans:<br />
(a) A-9; B-13;C-10;D-11<br />
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(b) Need[i, j]=Max[i,j]-Allocation[i,j] so content of Need matrix is<br />
A B C D<br />
P0 2 0 1 1<br />
P1 0 6 5 0<br />
P2 1 1 0 2<br />
P3 1 0 2 0<br />
P4 1 4 4 4<br />
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(c) The system is in a safe state as the processes can be finished in the sequence P0, P2, P4, P1 and P3.<br />
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(d) If a request from process P4 arrives for additional resources of (1,2,0,0,), and if this request is granted, the new system state would be tabulated as<br />
follows.<br />
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Max Allocation Need Available<br />
A B C D A B C D A B C D A B C D<br />
P0 6 0 1 2 4 0 0 1 2 0 1 1 <br />
P1 1 7 5 0 1 1 0 0 0 6 5 0 <br />
P2 2 3 5 6 1 2 5 4 1 1 0 2 <br />
P3 1 6 5 3 0 6 3 3 1 0 2 0 <br />
P4 1 6 5 6 1 4 1 2 0 2 4 4 <br />
2 <br />
0 <br />
1 <br />
1<br />
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After PO completes P3 can be allocated. 1020 from released 6012 and available<br />
2011(Total 80 23) and <po, p1="" p2,="" p3,="" p4,=""> is a safe sequence.<br />
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Q.29. Define the following<br />
(i) Process;<br />
(ii) Process Control Block; (PCB) (iii) Multi programming;<br />
(iv)Time sharing. (8)<br />
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Ans:<br />
(i) Process: Process is a program in execution; process execution must progress in sequential fashion. A process includes:<br />
• program counter<br />
• stack<br />
• data section<br />
(ii) Process Control Block (PCB): Information associated with each process is stored in Process control Block.<br />
Process state Program counter CPU registers<br />
CPU scheduling information Memory-management information Accounting information<br />
I/O status information<br />
(iii) Multiprogramming: A multiprogramming operating system is system that allows more than one active user program (or part of user program) to be stored in main memory simultaneously. Multi programmed operating systems are fairly sophisticated. All the jobs that enter the system are kept in the job pool. This pool consists of all processes residing on mass storage awaiting allocation of main memory. If several jobs are ready to be brought into memory, and there is not enough room for all of them, then the system must choose among them. A time-sharing system is a multiprogramming system.<br />
(iv) Time Sharing: Sharing of a computing resource among many users by means of multiprogramming and multi-tasking is known as timesharing. By allowing a large number of users to interact concurrently with a single computer, time-sharing dramatically lowered the cost of providing computing capability, made it possible for individuals and organizations to use a computer without owning one, and promoted the interactive use of computers and the development of new interactive applications.<br />
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Q.30. Why are Translation Look-aside Buffers (TLBs) important? In a simple paging system, what information is stored in a typical TLB table entry? (8)<br />
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Ans:<br />
The implementation of page-table is done in the following way:<br />
• Page table is kept in main memory.<br />
• Page-table base register (PTBR) points to the page table.<br />
• Page-table length register (PRLR) indicates size of the page table.<br />
• In this scheme every data/instruction access requires two memory accesses. One for the page table and one for the data/instruction.<br />
The two-memory access problem can be solved by the use of a special fast-lookup hardware cache called associative memory or translation look-aside buffers (TLBs). A set of associative registers is built of high-speed memory where each register consists of two parts: a key and a value. When the associative registers are presented with an item, it is compared with all keys simultaneously. If the item is found, the corresponding value field is the output.<br />
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A typical TLB table entry consists of page# and frame#, when a logical address is generated by the CPU, its page number is presented to a set of associative registers that contain page number along with their corresponding frame numbers. If the page number is found in the associative registers, its frame number is available and is used to access memory. If the page number is not in the associated registers, a memory reference to the page table must be made. When the frame number is obtained, it can be used to access memory and the page number along with its frame number is added to the associated registers.<br />
</po,></div>Anonymoushttp://www.blogger.com/profile/17584789907165764161noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-373343443959566174.post-28831942229194138542012-03-26T14:42:00.000-07:002012-03-26T14:42:34.288-07:00System Software And Operating System Important Descriptive Questions 2<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">System Software And Operating System Important Descriptive Questions 2<br />
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<div class="WordSection1"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 7.6pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;"><b><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;">Q<span style="letter-spacing: 0.2pt;">.</span>1<span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">1</span>.<span style="letter-spacing: 0.35pt;"> </span></span></b><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">D</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">e</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">f</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;">ine<span style="letter-spacing: 0.2pt;"> </span>the<span style="letter-spacing: 0.3pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">f</span>o<span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">l</span>lo<span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">w</span>in<span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">g</span>:<o:p></o:p></span></div><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 56.65pt; margin-right: 209.95pt; margin-top: .3pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: center; text-autospace: none;"><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">(</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;">i) <span style="letter-spacing: 0.15pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">F</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.15pt;">I</span>FO<span style="letter-spacing: 0.15pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">P</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">a</span>ge<span style="letter-spacing: 0.15pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">r</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">e</span>pl<span style="letter-spacing: 0.15pt;">a</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">ce</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">m</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">e</span>nt<span style="letter-spacing: 0.15pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">a</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.25pt;">l</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">g</span>o<span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">r</span>ith<span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">m</span>.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 56.5pt; margin-right: 22.75pt; margin-top: .3pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; tab-stops: 403.0pt; text-align: center; text-autospace: none;"><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">(</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;">i<span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">i</span>) <span style="letter-spacing: 0.3pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.3pt;">L</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">R</span>U<span style="letter-spacing: 0.15pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">P</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">a</span>ge<span style="letter-spacing: 0.15pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">r</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">e</span>p<span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">l</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">a</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">c</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">e</span>m<span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">e</span>nt<span style="letter-spacing: 0.15pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">a</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">l</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">g</span>o<span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">r</span>i<span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">t</span>hm.<span style="letter-spacing: -2.4pt;"> </span> <b><span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">(</span>6)</b><o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 13.0pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: .5pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 41.45pt; margin-right: 377.4pt; margin-top: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;"><b><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">A</span></b><b><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; letter-spacing: -0.15pt;">n</span></b><b><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">s</span></b><b><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;">:</span></b><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;"><o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 102%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 41.45pt; margin-right: 9.2pt; margin-top: .05pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;"><b><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">(</span></b><b><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;">i)<span style="letter-spacing: 1.35pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">F</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">I</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">F</span>O<span style="letter-spacing: 1.45pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.15pt;">p</span>o<span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">l</span>i<span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">c</span>y:<span style="letter-spacing: 1.4pt;"> </span></span></b><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">T</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;">his<span style="letter-spacing: 1.35pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.15pt;">p</span>o<span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">l</span>i<span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">c</span>y<span style="letter-spacing: 1.2pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">s</span>i<span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">m</span>p<span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">l</span>y<span style="letter-spacing: 1.3pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">r</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">e</span>mov<span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">e</span>s<span style="letter-spacing: 1.2pt;"> </span>p<span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">a</span>g<span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">e</span>s<span style="letter-spacing: 1.35pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">i</span>n<span style="letter-spacing: 1.4pt;"> </span>t<span style="letter-spacing: 0.15pt;">h</span>e<span style="letter-spacing: 1.3pt;"> </span>o<span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">r</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.15pt;">d</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">e</span>r<span style="letter-spacing: 1.4pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">t</span>h<span style="letter-spacing: 0.15pt;">e</span>y<span style="letter-spacing: 1.25pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">a</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">r</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">r</span>iv<span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">e</span>d<span style="letter-spacing: 1.45pt;"> </span>in<span style="letter-spacing: 1.5pt;"> </span>the<span style="letter-spacing: 0.25pt;"> </span>m<span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">a</span>in<span style="letter-spacing: 1.35pt;"> </span>m<span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">e</span>mo<span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">r</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.25pt;">y</span>.<span style="letter-spacing: 1.3pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">Us</span>i<span style="letter-spacing: 0.15pt;">n</span>g<span style="letter-spacing: 1.35pt;"> </span>this<span style="letter-spacing: 1.45pt;"> </span>pol<span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">i</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">c</span>y<span style="letter-spacing: 1.35pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">w</span>e<span style="letter-spacing: 1.5pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">s</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">i</span>mp<span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">l</span>y<span style="letter-spacing: 1.3pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">r</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">e</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.25pt;">m</span>ove<span style="letter-spacing: 1.3pt;"> </span>a<span style="letter-spacing: 1.35pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.15pt;">p</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">a</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">g</span>e<span style="letter-spacing: 1.45pt;"> </span>b<span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">a</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.2pt;">s</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">e</span>d<span style="letter-spacing: 1.45pt;"> </span>on<span style="letter-spacing: 1.55pt;"> </span>the<span style="letter-spacing: 1.6pt;"> </span>t<span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">i</span>me<span style="letter-spacing: 1.3pt;"> </span>of<span style="letter-spacing: 1.45pt;"> </span>i<span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">t</span>s <span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">a</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">rr</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">i</span>v<span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">a</span>l<span style="letter-spacing: 0.6pt;"> </span>in<span style="letter-spacing: 0.65pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">t</span>he<span style="letter-spacing: 0.4pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">m</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">e</span>mo<span style="letter-spacing: 0.2pt;">r</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.25pt;">y</span>.<span style="letter-spacing: 0.85pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">F</span>or<span style="letter-spacing: 0.55pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">e</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.15pt;">x</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">a</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">m</span>ple<span style="letter-spacing: 0.65pt;"> </span>if<span style="letter-spacing: 0.55pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">w</span>e<span style="letter-spacing: 0.7pt;"> </span>h<span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">a</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.15pt;">v</span>e<span style="letter-spacing: 0.65pt;"> </span>t<span style="letter-spacing: 0.15pt;">h</span>e<span style="letter-spacing: 0.45pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">r</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">e</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">f</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">e</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">r</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">e</span>n<span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">c</span>e<span style="letter-spacing: 0.45pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">s</span>t<span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">r</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">i</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.15pt;">n</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">g</span>:<span style="letter-spacing: 0.6pt;"> </span>1,<span style="letter-spacing: 0.7pt;"> </span>2,<span style="letter-spacing: 0.7pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.15pt;">3</span>,<span style="letter-spacing: 0.65pt;"> </span>4,<span style="letter-spacing: 0.6pt;"> </span>1,<span style="letter-spacing: 0.7pt;"> </span>2,<span style="letter-spacing: 0.7pt;"> </span>5,<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 12.6pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 41.45pt; margin-right: 9.3pt; margin-top: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;"><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;">1,<span style="letter-spacing: 0.8pt;"> </span>2,<span style="letter-spacing: 0.95pt;"> </span>3,<span style="letter-spacing: 1.05pt;"> </span>4,<span style="letter-spacing: 0.95pt;"> </span>5<span style="letter-spacing: 1.1pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">a</span>nd<span style="letter-spacing: 0.95pt;"> </span>3<span style="letter-spacing: 1.1pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">fr</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">a</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">m</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.15pt;">e</span>s<span style="letter-spacing: 0.95pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">(</span>3<span style="letter-spacing: 0.9pt;"> </span>p<span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">a</span>g<span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">e</span>s<span style="letter-spacing: 1pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">ca</span>n<span style="letter-spacing: 0.95pt;"> </span>be<span style="letter-spacing: 1.1pt;"> </span>in<span style="letter-spacing: 1.15pt;"> </span>m<span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">e</span>mo<span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">r</span>y<span style="letter-spacing: 1pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">a</span>t<span style="letter-spacing: 0.95pt;"> </span>a<span style="letter-spacing: 1.1pt;"> </span>ti<span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">m</span>e<span style="letter-spacing: 0.85pt;"> </span>p<span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">e</span>r<span style="letter-spacing: 1.15pt;"> </span>p<span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">r</span>o<span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">ces</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">s</span>)<span style="letter-spacing: 1.05pt;"> </span>th<span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">e</span>n<span style="letter-spacing: 1pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.15pt;">w</span>e<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 41.45pt; margin-right: 273.65pt; margin-top: .3pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;"><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;">h<span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">a</span>ve<span style="letter-spacing: 0.15pt;"> </span>9<span style="letter-spacing: 0.25pt;"> </span>p<span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">a</span>ge<span style="letter-spacing: 0.15pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">f</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">a</span>u<span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">l</span>ts<span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">a</span>s<span style="letter-spacing: 0.3pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">s</span>h<span style="letter-spacing: 0.15pt;">o</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">w</span>n<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 7.5pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: .05pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 10.0pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;"><br />
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</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 10.0pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 10.0pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 10.0pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;"><br />
</div><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 212.15pt; margin-right: 215.9pt; margin-top: 1.4pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: center; text-autospace: none;"><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;">16</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></div><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 11pt;"><br clear="all" style="mso-break-type: section-break; page-break-before: always;" /> </span> <br />
<div class="WordSection2"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 7.6pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 3.0pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; tab-stops: 246.0pt; text-autospace: none;"><b><u><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">D</span></u></b><b><u><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">C</span></u></b><b><u><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;">14 <span style="letter-spacing: -0.15pt;">S</span>y<span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">s</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">t</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">e</span>m<span style="letter-spacing: 0.15pt;"> </span>So<span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">f</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">t</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">w</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">a</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.15pt;">r</span>e and<span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">O</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.15pt;">p</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">er</span>a<span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">t</span>ing<span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;"> </span>Sy<span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">s</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">t</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">e</span>m</span></u></b><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;"><o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 7.5pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: .15pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;"><br />
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</tbody></table><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; letter-spacing: -0.15pt;">I</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;">f<span style="letter-spacing: 1.35pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">fr</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">a</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.25pt;">m</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">e</span>s<span style="letter-spacing: 1.3pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">a</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">r</span>e<span style="letter-spacing: 1.25pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">i</span>n<span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">c</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">r</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">e</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">ase</span>d<span style="letter-spacing: 1.15pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.2pt;">s</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">a</span>y<span style="letter-spacing: 1.1pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">t</span>o<span style="letter-spacing: 1.25pt;"> </span>4,<span style="letter-spacing: 1.3pt;"> </span>th<span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">e</span>n<span style="letter-spacing: 1.35pt;"> </span>numb<span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">e</span>r<span style="letter-spacing: 1.65pt;"> </span>of<span style="letter-spacing: 1.45pt;"> </span>p<span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">a</span>ge<span style="letter-spacing: 1.35pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">f</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">a</span>ul<span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">t</span>s<span style="letter-spacing: 1.2pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">a</span>l<span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">s</span>o<span style="letter-spacing: 1.2pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">i</span>n<span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">c</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">r</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">ea</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">s</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.15pt;">e</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">s</span>,<span style="letter-spacing: 1.35pt;"> </span>to<span style="letter-spacing: 1.35pt;"> </span>10<span style="letter-spacing: 1.4pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.15pt;">i</span>n<span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;"> </span>th<span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">i</span>s<span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">c</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">a</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">s</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">e</span>.<o:p></o:p></span><br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 13.0pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: .15pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 130.35pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;"><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13pt;"><img height="133" src="file:///C:/Users/arvind/AppData/Local/Temp/msohtmlclip1/01/clip_image004.gif" v:shapes="_x0000_i1026" width="239" /></span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 10pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 12.0pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: .9pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 102%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 41.45pt; margin-right: 9.25pt; margin-top: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;"><b><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">(</span></b><b><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;">i<span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">i</span>)<span style="letter-spacing: 0.25pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">LR</span>U<span style="letter-spacing: 0.45pt;"> </span>poli<span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">c</span>y:<span style="letter-spacing: 0.75pt;"> </span></span></b><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; letter-spacing: -0.3pt;">L</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">R</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;">U<span style="letter-spacing: 0.4pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.15pt;">ex</span>p<span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">a</span>nds<span style="letter-spacing: 0.4pt;"> </span>to<span style="letter-spacing: 0.55pt;"> </span>l<span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">e</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">a</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">s</span>t<span style="letter-spacing: 0.4pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">r</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">e</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">c</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">e</span>nt<span style="letter-spacing: 0.25pt;">l</span>y<span style="letter-spacing: 0.2pt;"> </span>u<span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">s</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">e</span>d.<span style="letter-spacing: 0.4pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">T</span>h<span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">i</span>s<span style="letter-spacing: 0.4pt;"> </span>poli<span style="letter-spacing: 0.15pt;">c</span>y<span style="letter-spacing: 0.3pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">s</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.15pt;">u</span>g<span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">ge</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">s</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">t</span>s<span style="letter-spacing: 0.4pt;"> </span>th<span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">a</span>t<span style="letter-spacing: 0.5pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">w</span>e<span style="letter-spacing: 0.45pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">r</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">e</span>-<span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;"> </span>move<span style="letter-spacing: 0.15pt;"> </span>a<span style="letter-spacing: 0.15pt;"> p</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">a</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">g</span>e<span style="letter-spacing: 0.25pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">w</span>ho<span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">s</span>e<span style="letter-spacing: 0.3pt;"> </span>l<span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">a</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">s</span>t<span style="letter-spacing: 0.4pt;"> </span>u<span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">s</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">a</span>ge<span style="letter-spacing: 0.25pt;"> </span>is<span style="letter-spacing: 0.35pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">f</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">a</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">r</span>th<span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">e</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">s</span>t<span style="letter-spacing: 0.3pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">f</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">r</span>om<span style="letter-spacing: 0.3pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">c</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.15pt;">u</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">r</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">r</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">e</span>nt<span style="letter-spacing: 0.35pt;"> </span>t<span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">i</span>m<span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">e</span>.<span style="letter-spacing: 0.25pt;"> </span>F<span style="letter-spacing: 0.15pt;">o</span>r<span style="letter-spacing: 0.2pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">r</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">e</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">f</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">e</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">r</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">e</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.15pt;">n</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">c</span>e<span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.2pt;">s</span>t<span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">r</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">i</span>n<span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">g</span>: <span style="letter-spacing: 0.45pt;"> </span>1,<span style="letter-spacing: 0.45pt;"> </span>2,<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 41.45pt; margin-right: 134.6pt; margin-top: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;"><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;">3, 4,<span style="letter-spacing: 0.25pt;"> </span>1,<span style="letter-spacing: 0.25pt;"> </span>2,<span style="letter-spacing: 0.25pt;"> </span>5,<span style="letter-spacing: 0.25pt;"> </span>1,<span style="letter-spacing: 0.25pt;"> </span>2,<span style="letter-spacing: 0.25pt;"> </span>3,<span style="letter-spacing: 0.25pt;"> </span>4,<span style="letter-spacing: 0.25pt;"> </span>5,<span style="letter-spacing: 0.25pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">w</span>e<span style="letter-spacing: 0.2pt;"> </span>h<span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">a</span>ve<span style="letter-spacing: 0.15pt;"> </span>t<span style="letter-spacing: 0.15pt;">h</span>e<span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">f</span>ol<span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">l</span>o<span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">w</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">i</span>ng<span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.15pt;">p</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">a</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">g</span>e<span style="letter-spacing: 0.25pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">f</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">a</span>ults<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 13.0pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: .35pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 164.2pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;"><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13pt;"><img height="132" src="file:///C:/Users/arvind/AppData/Local/Temp/msohtmlclip1/01/clip_image006.gif" v:shapes="_x0000_i1027" width="149" /></span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 10pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 8.5pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: .15pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 10.0pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 102%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 44.3pt; margin-right: 45.25pt; margin-top: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; tab-stops: 44.0pt 382.0pt; text-autospace: none; text-indent: -36.7pt;"><b><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;">Q<span style="letter-spacing: 0.2pt;">.</span>1<span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">2</span>.<span style="letter-spacing: -2.35pt;"> </span> </span></b><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; letter-spacing: -0.15pt;">L</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;">i<span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">s</span>t<span style="letter-spacing: 0.2pt;"> </span>the<span style="letter-spacing: 0.3pt;"> </span>p<span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">r</span>op<span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">e</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">r</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">t</span>i<span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">e</span>s<span style="letter-spacing: 0.15pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">w</span>hi<span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">c</span>h<span style="letter-spacing: 0.3pt;"> </span>a<span style="letter-spacing: 0.15pt;"> </span>h<span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">a</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">s</span>hi<span style="letter-spacing: 0.15pt;">n</span>g<span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">f</span>un<span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">c</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">t</span>ion<span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;"> s</span>hould<span style="letter-spacing: 0.25pt;"> </span>po<span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">s</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">s</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">e</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">s</span>s<span style="letter-spacing: 0.25pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">t</span>o<span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;"> e</span>n<span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">s</span>u<span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">r</span>e<span style="letter-spacing: 0.15pt;"> </span>a<span style="letter-spacing: 0.25pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">g</span>o<span style="letter-spacing: 0.15pt;">o</span>d<span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">s</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">e</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">a</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">r</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">c</span>h <span style="letter-spacing: 0.4pt;"> </span>p<span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">e</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">rf</span>o<span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">r</span>m<span style="letter-spacing: 0.15pt;">a</span>n<span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">ce</span>.<span style="letter-spacing: 0.2pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.15pt;">W</span>h<span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">a</span>t<span style="letter-spacing: 0.3pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">a</span>pp<span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">r</span>o<span style="letter-spacing: 0.15pt;">a</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">c</span>h<span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">e</span>s<span style="letter-spacing: 0.3pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">a</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">r</span>e<span style="letter-spacing: 0.15pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">a</span>dopt<span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">e</span>d<span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;"> </span>to<span style="letter-spacing: 0.3pt;"> </span>h<span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">a</span>nd<span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">l</span>e<span style="letter-spacing: 0.15pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">c</span>oll<span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">i</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">s</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">i</span>o<span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">n</span>?<span style="letter-spacing: -2.4pt;"> </span> <b><span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">(</span>8)</b><o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 13.0pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: .2pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 41.45pt; margin-right: 377.4pt; margin-top: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;"><b><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">A</span></b><b><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; letter-spacing: -0.15pt;">n</span></b><b><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">s</span></b><b><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;">:</span></b><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;"><o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 103%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 41.45pt; margin-right: 21.45pt; margin-top: .05pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;"><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;">A<span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;"> </span>h<span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">a</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">s</span>hi<span style="letter-spacing: 0.15pt;">n</span>g<span style="letter-spacing: 0.25pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">f</span>un<span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">c</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">t</span>ion<span style="letter-spacing: 0.2pt;"> </span>h<span style="letter-spacing: 0.35pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">s</span>h<span style="letter-spacing: 0.15pt;">o</span>u<span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">l</span>d<span style="letter-spacing: 0.25pt;"> </span>po<span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">ss</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">e</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">s</span>s<span style="letter-spacing: 0.4pt;"> </span>the<span style="letter-spacing: 0.4pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">f</span>ollo<span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">w</span>i<span style="letter-spacing: 0.15pt;">n</span>g<span style="letter-spacing: 0.3pt;"> </span>p<span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">r</span>op<span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">e</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">r</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">t</span>i<span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">e</span>s<span style="letter-spacing: 0.3pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">t</span>o<span style="letter-spacing: 0.3pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">e</span>n<span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">s</span>u<span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">r</span>e<span style="letter-spacing: 0.5pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">g</span>o<span style="letter-spacing: 0.15pt;">o</span>d<span style="letter-spacing: 0.25pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">s</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">e</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">a</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">r</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">c</span>h p<span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">e</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">rf</span>o<span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">r</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">m</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">a</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.15pt;">n</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">c</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">e</span>:<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 12.55pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 41.45pt; margin-right: 21.65pt; margin-top: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;"><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;">1<span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">.</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">T</span>he<span style="letter-spacing: 0.5pt;"> </span>h<span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">as</span>hing<span style="letter-spacing: 0.5pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">f</span>u<span style="letter-spacing: 0.15pt;">n</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">c</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">t</span>ion<span style="letter-spacing: 0.55pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">s</span>hould<span style="letter-spacing: 0.7pt;"> </span>not<span style="letter-spacing: 0.75pt;"> </span>be<span style="letter-spacing: 0.75pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">s</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">e</span>n<span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">s</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">i</span>tive<span style="letter-spacing: 0.5pt;"> </span>to<span style="letter-spacing: 0.65pt;"> </span>the<span style="letter-spacing: 0.8pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">s</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.25pt;">y</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">m</span>bols<span style="letter-spacing: 0.65pt;"> </span>u<span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">s</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">e</span>d<span style="letter-spacing: 0.6pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">i</span>n<span style="letter-spacing: 0.55pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">s</span>o<span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">m</span>e<span style="letter-spacing: 0.65pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">s</span>ou<span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">r</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">c</span>e<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 41.45pt; margin-right: 47.35pt; margin-top: .3pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;"><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;">p<span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">r</span>og<span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">r</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">a</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">m</span>.<span style="letter-spacing: 0.2pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">T</span>h<span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">a</span>t<span style="letter-spacing: 0.2pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">i</span>s<span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;"> </span>it<span style="letter-spacing: 0.2pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">s</span>hould<span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;"> </span>p<span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">e</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">rf</span>o<span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">r</span>m<span style="letter-spacing: 0.25pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">e</span>q<span style="letter-spacing: 0.15pt;">u</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">a</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">ll</span>y <span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">w</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">e</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">l</span>l<span style="letter-spacing: 0.25pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">f</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.15pt;">o</span>r<span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;"> </span>di<span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">ff</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">e</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">r</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">e</span>nt<span style="letter-spacing: 0.25pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">s</span>ou<span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">r</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">c</span>e<span style="letter-spacing: 0.15pt;"> </span>p<span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">r</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.15pt;">o</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">g</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">r</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">a</span>m<span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">s</span>.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 41.45pt; margin-right: 143.5pt; margin-top: .3pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;"><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;">2<span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">.</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">T</span>he<span style="letter-spacing: 0.15pt;"> </span>h<span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">a</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">s</span>hi<span style="letter-spacing: 0.15pt;">n</span>g<span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">f</span>un<span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">c</span>t<span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">i</span>on<span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;"> </span>h<span style="letter-spacing: 0.35pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">s</span>hou<span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">l</span>d<span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">e</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.15pt;">x</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">e</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">c</span>ute<span style="letter-spacing: 0.15pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">r</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">e</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">a</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">s</span>on<span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">a</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.15pt;">b</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">l</span>y<span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;"> f</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">a</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">s</span>t.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 41.45pt; margin-right: 121.2pt; margin-top: .3pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;"><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">T</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;">he<span style="letter-spacing: 0.2pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">f</span>o<span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">l</span>lo<span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">w</span>ing<span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;"> a</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.15pt;">p</span>p<span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">r</span>o<span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">ac</span>h<span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">e</span>s<span style="letter-spacing: 0.3pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">a</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">r</span>e<span style="letter-spacing: 0.25pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">a</span>dop<span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">t</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">e</span>d<span style="letter-spacing: 0.25pt;"> </span>to<span style="letter-spacing: 0.15pt;"> h</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">a</span>ndle<span style="letter-spacing: 0.15pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">c</span>o<span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">l</span>li<span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">s</span>ion<span style="letter-spacing: 0.25pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">a</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">r</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">e</span>:<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 102%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 41.45pt; margin-right: 9.1pt; margin-top: .3pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;"><b><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">C</span></b><b><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; letter-spacing: -0.15pt;">h</span></b><b><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;">a<span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">i</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.15pt;">n</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.25pt;">i</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.15pt;">n</span>g: <span style="letter-spacing: 0.6pt;"> </span></span></b><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">O</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;">ne <span style="letter-spacing: 0.55pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">s</span>imp<span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">l</span>e <span style="letter-spacing: 0.5pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">s</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">c</span>h<span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">e</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">m</span>e <span style="letter-spacing: 0.5pt;"> </span>is <span style="letter-spacing: 0.7pt;"> </span>to <span style="letter-spacing: 0.65pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">c</span>h<span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">a</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">i</span>n <span style="letter-spacing: 0.6pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">a</span>ll <span style="letter-spacing: 0.45pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">c</span>oll<span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">i</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">s</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">i</span>ons <span style="letter-spacing: 0.4pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">i</span>n <span style="letter-spacing: 0.45pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">l</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.15pt;">i</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">s</span>ts <span style="letter-spacing: 0.6pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">a</span>t<span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">t</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">ac</span>h<span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">e</span>d <span style="letter-spacing: 0.5pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">t</span>o <span style="letter-spacing: 0.55pt;"> </span>the <span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">a</span>pp<span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">r</span>op<span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">r</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">i</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">a</span>te<span style="letter-spacing: 1.85pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">s</span>lo<span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">t</span>.<span style="letter-spacing: 1.85pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">T</span>his<span style="letter-spacing: 1.95pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">a</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">l</span>lo<span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">w</span>s<span style="letter-spacing: 1.95pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">a</span>n<span style="letter-spacing: 2.05pt;"> </span>unli<span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">m</span>it<span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">e</span>d<span style="letter-spacing: 2.1pt;"> </span>num<span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">b</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">e</span>r<span style="letter-spacing: 2.1pt;"> </span>of<span style="letter-spacing: 2.05pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">c</span>ol<span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">l</span>i<span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">s</span>ions<span style="letter-spacing: 1.95pt;"> </span>to<span style="letter-spacing: 2.1pt;"> </span>be<span style="letter-spacing: 2.05pt;"> </span>h<span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">a</span>ndl<span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">e</span>d<span style="letter-spacing: 1.9pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">a</span>nd<span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;"> </span>do<span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">e</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">s</span>n<span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">'</span>t <span style="letter-spacing: 0.5pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">r</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">e</span>qu<span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">i</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">r</span>e <span style="letter-spacing: 0.45pt;"> </span><i>a <span style="letter-spacing: 0.6pt;"> </span>p<span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">r</span>io<span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">r</span>i <span style="letter-spacing: 0.7pt;"> </span></i>kno<span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">w</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">l</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">e</span>dge <span style="letter-spacing: 0.7pt;"> </span>of <span style="letter-spacing: 0.6pt;"> </span>how <span style="letter-spacing: 0.75pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">m</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">a</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.15pt;">n</span>y <span style="letter-spacing: 0.55pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">e</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">l</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">e</span>m<span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">e</span>nts <span style="letter-spacing: 0.55pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">a</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">r</span>e <span style="letter-spacing: 0.65pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">c</span>on<span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">t</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">a</span>in<span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">e</span>d <span style="letter-spacing: 0.5pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">i</span>n <span style="letter-spacing: 0.55pt;"> </span>the <span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">c</span>o<span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">l</span>l<span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">e</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">c</span>tion.<span style="letter-spacing: 0.8pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">T</span>he<span style="letter-spacing: 0.75pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">t</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">r</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">a</span>d<span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">e</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.15pt;">o</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">f</span>f<span style="letter-spacing: 0.75pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">i</span>s<span style="letter-spacing: 0.85pt;"> </span>the<span style="letter-spacing: 1pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">s</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">a</span>me<span style="letter-spacing: 1pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">a</span>s<span style="letter-spacing: 0.9pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">w</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">i</span>th<span style="letter-spacing: 0.9pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">l</span>ink<span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">e</span>d<span style="letter-spacing: 0.8pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">l</span>i<span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">s</span>ts<span style="letter-spacing: 0.85pt;"> </span>v<span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">e</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">r</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">s</span>us<span style="letter-spacing: 0.9pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">a</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">r</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">r</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.15pt;">a</span>y<span style="letter-spacing: 0.6pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">i</span>mp<span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">l</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">e</span>m<span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">e</span>n<span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">t</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">a</span>t<span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">i</span>ons of<span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">c</span>ol<span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">l</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">ec</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">t</span>ion<span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">s</span>:<span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;"> l</span>ink<span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">e</span>d<span style="letter-spacing: 0.2pt;"> </span>l<span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">i</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">s</span>t<span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;"> </span>ov<span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">e</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">r</span>h<span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">e</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">a</span>d<span style="letter-spacing: 0.35pt;"> </span>in<span style="letter-spacing: 0.15pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">s</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.15pt;">p</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">a</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">c</span>e<span style="letter-spacing: 0.25pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">a</span>nd,<span style="letter-spacing: 0.15pt;"> </span>to<span style="letter-spacing: 0.4pt;"> </span>a<span style="letter-spacing: 0.15pt;"> </span>l<span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">e</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">ss</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">e</span>r<span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;"> e</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.15pt;">x</span>t<span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">e</span>n<span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">t</span>,<span style="letter-spacing: 0.2pt;"> </span>in<span style="letter-spacing: 0.3pt;"> </span>tim<span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">e</span>.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 102%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 41.45pt; margin-right: 9.1pt; margin-top: .1pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;"><b><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">Re</span></b><b><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;">ha<span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">s</span>hing:<span style="letter-spacing: 2.4pt;"> </span></span></b><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">Re</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">-</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; letter-spacing: 0.15pt;">h</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">a</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">s</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;">hi<span style="letter-spacing: 0.15pt;">n</span>g<span style="letter-spacing: 2.45pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">s</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">c</span>h<span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">e</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">m</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">e</span>s<span style="letter-spacing: 2.45pt;"> </span>u<span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">s</span>e<span style="letter-spacing: 2.3pt;"> </span>a<span style="letter-spacing: 2.4pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">s</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">e</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">c</span>ond<span style="letter-spacing: 2.4pt;"> </span>h<span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">a</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">s</span>h<span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">i</span>ng<span style="letter-spacing: 2.25pt;"> </span>op<span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">e</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">r</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">a</span>tion <span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">w</span>h<span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">e</span>n <span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;"> </span>th<span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">e</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">r</span>e<span style="letter-spacing: 2.45pt;"> </span>is<span style="letter-spacing: 2.5pt;"> </span>a<span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">c</span>o<span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">l</span>li<span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">s</span>ion.<span style="letter-spacing: 0.45pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.25pt;">I</span>f<span style="letter-spacing: 0.5pt;"> </span>th<span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">e</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">r</span>e<span style="letter-spacing: 0.55pt;"> </span>is<span style="letter-spacing: 0.45pt;"> </span>a<span style="letter-spacing: 0.5pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">f</span>u<span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">r</span>th<span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">e</span>r<span style="letter-spacing: 0.25pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">c</span>o<span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">l</span>li<span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">s</span>ion,<span style="letter-spacing: 0.4pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">w</span>e<span style="letter-spacing: 0.45pt;"> </span><i><span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">r</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.15pt;">e</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">-</span>ha<span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">s</span>h<span style="letter-spacing: 0.5pt;"> </span></i>until<span style="letter-spacing: 0.7pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">a</span>n<span style="letter-spacing: 0.5pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">e</span>mp<span style="letter-spacing: 0.25pt;">t</span>y<span style="letter-spacing: 0.25pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">"s</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">l</span>o<span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">t</span>"<span style="letter-spacing: 0.3pt;"> </span>in<span style="letter-spacing: 0.65pt;"> </span>the<span style="letter-spacing: 0.55pt;"> </span>t<span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">a</span>b<span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">l</span>e<span style="letter-spacing: 0.2pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">i</span>s<span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">f</span>ound.<span style="letter-spacing: 0.45pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">T</span>he<span style="letter-spacing: 0.55pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">r</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">e</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">-</span>h<span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">a</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">s</span>hi<span style="letter-spacing: 0.15pt;">n</span>g<span style="letter-spacing: 0.55pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">f</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.15pt;">u</span>n<span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">c</span>t<span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">i</span>on<span style="letter-spacing: 0.45pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">c</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">a</span>n<span style="letter-spacing: 0.6pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">e</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">i</span>th<span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">e</span>r<span style="letter-spacing: 0.7pt;"> </span>be<span style="letter-spacing: 0.6pt;"> </span>a<span style="letter-spacing: 0.65pt;"> </span>n<span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">e</span>w<span style="letter-spacing: 0.5pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">f</span>un<span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">c</span>tion<span style="letter-spacing: 0.55pt;"> </span>or<span style="letter-spacing: 0.75pt;"> </span>a<span style="letter-spacing: 0.4pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">r</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">e</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">-</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">a</span>ppl<span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">i</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">ca</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">t</span>ion<span style="letter-spacing: 0.45pt;"> </span>of<span style="letter-spacing: 0.6pt;"> </span>the<span style="letter-spacing: 0.25pt;"> </span>o<span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">r</span>i<span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">g</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">i</span>n<span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">a</span>l<span style="letter-spacing: 1.1pt;"> </span>on<span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">e</span>.<span style="letter-spacing: 1.25pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">A</span>s<span style="letter-spacing: 1.15pt;"> </span>lo<span style="letter-spacing: 0.15pt;">n</span>g<span style="letter-spacing: 1pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">a</span>s<span style="letter-spacing: 1.25pt;"> </span>the<span style="letter-spacing: 1.25pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">f</span>un<span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">c</span>tions<span style="letter-spacing: 1.2pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">a</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">r</span>e<span style="letter-spacing: 1.25pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">a</span>ppl<span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">i</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">e</span>d<span style="letter-spacing: 1.3pt;"> </span>to<span style="letter-spacing: 1.25pt;"> </span>a<span style="letter-spacing: 1.25pt;"> </span>k<span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">e</span>y<span style="letter-spacing: 0.85pt;"> </span>in<span style="letter-spacing: 1.25pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">t</span>he<span style="letter-spacing: 1.05pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">s</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">a</span>me<span style="letter-spacing: 1.25pt;"> </span>o<span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">r</span>d<span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">e</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">r</span>,<span style="letter-spacing: 1.15pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">t</span>h<span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">e</span>n<span style="letter-spacing: 1.15pt;"> </span>a <span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">s</span>ou<span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">g</span>ht<span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;"> </span>k<span style="letter-spacing: 0.15pt;">e</span>y <span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">c</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">a</span>n<span style="letter-spacing: 0.25pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">a</span>l<span style="letter-spacing: 0.15pt;">wa</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.25pt;">y</span>s<span style="letter-spacing: 0.15pt;"> </span>be<span style="letter-spacing: 0.15pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">l</span>o<span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">ca</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">t</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">e</span>d.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 14.0pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: .7pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;"><br />
</div><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 212.15pt; margin-right: 215.9pt; margin-top: 1.4pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: center; text-autospace: none;"><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;">17</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></div><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 11pt;"><br clear="all" style="mso-break-type: section-break; page-break-before: always;" /> </span> <br />
<div class="WordSection3"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 7.6pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 3.0pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; tab-stops: 246.0pt; text-autospace: none;"><b><u><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">D</span></u></b><b><u><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">C</span></u></b><b><u><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;">14 <span style="letter-spacing: -0.15pt;">S</span>y<span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">s</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">t</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">e</span>m<span style="letter-spacing: 0.15pt;"> </span>So<span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">f</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">t</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">w</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">a</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.15pt;">r</span>e and<span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">O</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.15pt;">p</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">er</span>a<span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">t</span>ing<span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;"> </span>Sy<span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">s</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">t</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">e</span>m</span></u></b><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;"><o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 12.0pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: .85pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 103.5pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;"><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><img height="286" src="file:///C:/Users/arvind/AppData/Local/Temp/msohtmlclip1/01/clip_image008.jpg" v:shapes="_x0000_i1028" width="237" /></span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 10pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 13.0pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: .15pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 102%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 41.45pt; margin-right: 9.15pt; margin-top: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;"><b><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;">Ov<span style="letter-spacing: 0.15pt;">e</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">r</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">f</span>l<span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">o</span>w <span style="letter-spacing: 0.35pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">c</span>haining:<span style="letter-spacing: 2.45pt;"> </span></span></b><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">A</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; letter-spacing: 0.15pt;">n</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;">oth<span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">e</span>r<span style="letter-spacing: 2.5pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">s</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">c</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.15pt;">h</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">e</span>me <span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;"> w</span>ill <span style="letter-spacing: 0.15pt;"> </span>divi<span style="letter-spacing: 0.15pt;">d</span>e <span style="letter-spacing: 0.25pt;"> </span>the <span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.15pt;">p</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">r</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">e</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">-</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">a</span>l<span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">l</span>o<span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">ca</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">t</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">e</span>d <span style="letter-spacing: 0.15pt;"> </span>t<span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">a</span>b<span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">l</span>e into <span style="letter-spacing: 0.2pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">t</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">w</span>o <span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">s</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">ec</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">t</span>ion<span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">s</span>: <span style="letter-spacing: -0.25pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">t</span>he<span style="letter-spacing: 2.25pt;"> </span><i>p<span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">r</span>i<span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">m</span>a<span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">r</span>y <span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">a</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">re</span>a<span style="letter-spacing: 2.4pt;"> </span></i>to <span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">w</span>h<span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">i</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">c</span>h<span style="letter-spacing: 2.45pt;"> </span>k<span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">e</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.25pt;">y</span>s<span style="letter-spacing: 2.45pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">a</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">r</span>e<span style="letter-spacing: 2.4pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">m</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">a</span>pp<span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">e</span>d<span style="letter-spacing: 2.45pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">a</span>nd<span style="letter-spacing: 2.4pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">a</span>n<span style="letter-spacing: 2.5pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">a</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">r</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">e</span>a <span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">f</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.15pt;">o</span>r<span style="letter-spacing: 2.3pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">c</span>o<span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">l</span>li<span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">s</span>ion<span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">s</span>,<span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;"> </span>no<span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">r</span>m<span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">a</span>l<span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">l</span>y<span style="letter-spacing: 1.2pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">t</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">e</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">r</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">m</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">e</span>d<span style="letter-spacing: 1.35pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">t</span>he<span style="letter-spacing: 1.35pt;"> </span><i>o<span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">v</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">e</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">r</span>f<span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">l</span>ow<span style="letter-spacing: 1.35pt;"> </span>a<span style="letter-spacing: -0.2pt;">r</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.15pt;">e</span>a</i>.<span style="letter-spacing: 1.25pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">W</span>h<span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">e</span>n<span style="letter-spacing: 1.4pt;"> </span>a<span style="letter-spacing: 1.45pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">c</span>ol<span style="letter-spacing: -0.15pt;">l</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">i</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">s</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">i</span>on<span style="letter-spacing: 1.3pt;"> </span>o<span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">cc</span>u<span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">r</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">s</span>,<span style="letter-spacing: 1.25pt;"> </span>a<span style="letter-spacing: 1.45pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">s</span>lot<span style="letter-spacing: 1.3pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">i</span>n<span style="letter-spacing: 1.25pt;"> </span>t<span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">h</span>e<span style="letter-spacing: 1.4pt;"> </span>ov<span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">e</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">rf</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">l</span>ow<span style="letter-spacing: 0.2pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">a</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">r</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">e</span>a<span style="letter-spacing: 0.9pt;"> </span>is<span style="letter-spacing: 1.05pt;"> </span>u<span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">s</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">e</span>d<span style="letter-spacing: 1.1pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">f</span>or<span style="letter-spacing: 1pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">t</span>he<span style="letter-spacing: 0.8pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.15pt;">n</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">e</span>w<span style="letter-spacing: 1pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">e</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">l</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">e</span>m<span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">e</span>nt<span style="letter-spacing: 0.95pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">a</span>nd<span style="letter-spacing: 1.1pt;"> </span>a<span style="letter-spacing: 1pt;"> </span>l<span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">i</span>nk<span style="letter-spacing: 0.9pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">fr</span>om<span style="letter-spacing: 1pt;"> </span>the<span style="letter-spacing: 1.15pt;"> </span>p<span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">r</span>im<span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">a</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.2pt;">r</span>y<span style="letter-spacing: 0.85pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">s</span>lot<span style="letter-spacing: 0.95pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">e</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">s</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">t</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">a</span>bl<span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">i</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">s</span>h<span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">e</span>d<span style="letter-spacing: 0.95pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">a</span>s<span style="letter-spacing: 1.15pt;"> </span>in<span style="letter-spacing: 1.15pt;"> </span>a<span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">c</span>h<span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">a</span>in<span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">e</span>d<span style="letter-spacing: 0.25pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.2pt;">s</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">y</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">s</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">t</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">e</span>m.<span style="letter-spacing: 0.3pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">T</span>h<span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">i</span>s<span style="letter-spacing: 0.3pt;"> </span>is<span style="letter-spacing: 0.35pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.15pt;">e</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">s</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">s</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">e</span>n<span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">t</span>i<span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">a</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">ll</span>y<span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">t</span>he<span style="letter-spacing: 0.2pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">sa</span>me<span style="letter-spacing: 0.25pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">a</span>s<span style="letter-spacing: 0.4pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">c</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.15pt;">h</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">a</span>inin<span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">g</span>,<span style="letter-spacing: 0.4pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">e</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.15pt;">x</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">ce</span>pt<span style="letter-spacing: 0.35pt;"> </span>th<span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">a</span>t<span style="letter-spacing: 0.25pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">t</span>he<span style="letter-spacing: 0.2pt;"> </span>o<span style="letter-spacing: 0.15pt;">v</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">e</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">rf</span>low<span style="letter-spacing: 0.4pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">a</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">r</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">e</span>a is<span style="letter-spacing: 0.9pt;"> </span>p<span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">r</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">e</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">-</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">a</span>llo<span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">c</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">a</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">t</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">e</span>d<span style="letter-spacing: 0.95pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">a</span>nd<span style="letter-spacing: 0.95pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">t</span>hus<span style="letter-spacing: 0.95pt;"> </span>po<span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">ss</span>ib<span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">l</span>y<span style="letter-spacing: 0.8pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">f</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">a</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">s</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">t</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">e</span>r<span style="letter-spacing: 0.85pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">t</span>o<span style="letter-spacing: 0.85pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">a</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">cc</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">e</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">ss</span>.<span style="letter-spacing: 1pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">A</span>s<span style="letter-spacing: 1.05pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">w</span>i<span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">t</span>h<span style="letter-spacing: 1pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">r</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">e</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">-</span>h<span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">a</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">s</span>hi<span style="letter-spacing: 0.15pt;">n</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">g</span>,<span style="letter-spacing: 0.95pt;"> </span>the<span style="letter-spacing: 1.25pt;"> </span>m<span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">a</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.15pt;">x</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">i</span>m<span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">u</span>m<span style="letter-spacing: 0.15pt;"> </span>numb<span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">e</span>r<span style="letter-spacing: 0.35pt;"> </span>of<span style="letter-spacing: 0.6pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">e</span>l<span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">e</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">m</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">e</span>nts<span style="letter-spacing: 0.55pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">m</span>u<span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">s</span>t<span style="letter-spacing: 0.65pt;"> </span>be<span style="letter-spacing: 0.6pt;"> </span>kno<span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">w</span>n<span style="letter-spacing: 0.8pt;"> </span>in<span style="letter-spacing: 0.65pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">a</span>dv<span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">a</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.15pt;">n</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">c</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">e</span>,<span style="letter-spacing: 0.4pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.15pt;">b</span>ut<span style="letter-spacing: 0.5pt;"> </span>in<span style="letter-spacing: 0.65pt;"> </span>this<span style="letter-spacing: 0.75pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">c</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">a</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">s</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">e</span>,<span style="letter-spacing: 0.55pt;"> </span>t<span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">w</span>o<span style="letter-spacing: 0.45pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.15pt;">p</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">a</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">r</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.15pt;">a</span>m<span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">e</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">t</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">e</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">r</span>s<span style="letter-spacing: 0.55pt;"> </span>mu<span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">s</span>t be<span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">e</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">s</span>t<span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">i</span>m<span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">a</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">t</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">e</span>d:<span style="letter-spacing: 0.2pt;"> </span>the<span style="letter-spacing: 0.3pt;"> </span>opt<span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">i</span>mum<span style="letter-spacing: 0.4pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">s</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">i</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">z</span>e<span style="letter-spacing: 0.15pt;"> </span>of<span style="letter-spacing: 0.15pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">t</span>he<span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;"> </span>p<span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">r</span>im<span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">a</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">r</span>y <span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">a</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.15pt;">n</span>d<span style="letter-spacing: 0.25pt;"> </span>ov<span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">e</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">rf</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">l</span>ow<span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;"> a</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">r</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">e</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">a</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">s</span>.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 13.0pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: .15pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 109.1pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;"><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13pt;"><img height="225" src="file:///C:/Users/arvind/AppData/Local/Temp/msohtmlclip1/01/clip_image009.gif" v:shapes="_x0000_i1029" width="249" /></span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 10pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 13.0pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: .25pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 102%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 41.45pt; margin-right: 24.35pt; margin-top: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none; text-indent: -33.85pt;"><b><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;">Q<span style="letter-spacing: 0.2pt;">.</span>1<span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">3</span>. <span style="letter-spacing: 0.25pt;"> </span></span></b><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; letter-spacing: 0.15pt;">W</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;">h<span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">a</span>t<span style="letter-spacing: 0.3pt;"> </span>is<span style="letter-spacing: 0.2pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">a</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">s</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">s</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">e</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">m</span>b<span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">l</span>y l<span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">a</span>n<span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">g</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.15pt;">ua</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">ge</span>?<span style="letter-spacing: 0.35pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">W</span>h<span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">a</span>t<span style="letter-spacing: 0.3pt;"> </span>kinds<span style="letter-spacing: 0.65pt;"> </span>of <span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">s</span>t<span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">a</span>t<span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">e</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">m</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">e</span>nts<span style="letter-spacing: 0.15pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">a</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">r</span>e<span style="letter-spacing: 0.15pt;"> p</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">r</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">e</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">s</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">e</span>nt<span style="letter-spacing: 0.2pt;"> </span>in<span style="letter-spacing: 0.4pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">a</span>n<span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">a</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">s</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">s</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">e</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">m</span>b<span style="letter-spacing: 0.25pt;">l</span>y<span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;"> </span>l<span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">a</span>n<span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">g</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.15pt;">u</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">a</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">g</span>e<span style="letter-spacing: 0.9pt;"> </span>p<span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">r</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.15pt;">o</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">g</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">r</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.15pt;">a</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">m</span>?<span style="letter-spacing: 1.1pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">D</span>i<span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">sc</span>u<span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">s</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">s</span>.<span style="letter-spacing: 0.95pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">A</span>l<span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">s</span>o<span style="letter-spacing: 1pt;"> </span>highli<span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">g</span>ht<span style="letter-spacing: 1.4pt;"> </span>the<span style="letter-spacing: 1.15pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">a</span>dv<span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">a</span>nt<span style="letter-spacing: 0.15pt;">a</span>g<span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">e</span>s<span style="letter-spacing: 1pt;"> </span>of<span style="letter-spacing: 1.1pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">a</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.2pt;">s</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">s</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">e</span>mb<span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">l</span>y<span style="letter-spacing: 0.85pt;"> </span>l<span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">a</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.15pt;">n</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">g</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.15pt;">u</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">a</span>g<span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">e</span>.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div align="right" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 30.25pt; margin-top: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: right; text-autospace: none;"><b><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">(</span></b><b><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;">8)</span></b><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;"><o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 44.3pt; margin-right: 5.2in; margin-top: .55pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;"><b><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">A</span></b><b><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;">n<span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">s</span>:</span></b><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;"><o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 102%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 41.45pt; margin-right: 9.2pt; margin-top: .05pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;"><b><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">A</span></b><b><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">s</span></b><b><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">se</span></b><b><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; letter-spacing: -0.15pt;">m</span></b><b><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;">bly<span style="letter-spacing: 0.15pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">l</span>anguage<span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;"> </span></span></b><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;">is<span style="letter-spacing: 0.15pt;"> </span>a<span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">f</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">a</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">m</span>i<span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">l</span>y<span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;"> </span>of<span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;"> </span>lo<span style="letter-spacing: 0.15pt;">w</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">-</span>l<span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">e</span>v<span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">e</span>l<span style="letter-spacing: 0.15pt;"> </span>l<span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">a</span>ngu<span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">a</span>ge<span style="letter-spacing: 0.2pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">f</span>or <span style="letter-spacing: 0.15pt;">p</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">r</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.15pt;">o</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">g</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">r</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">a</span>m<span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">m</span>i<span style="letter-spacing: 0.15pt;">n</span>g<span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">c</span>ompu<span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">t</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">e</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">r</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">s</span>, m<span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">i</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">c</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">r</span>op<span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">r</span>o<span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">c</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">e</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">s</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">s</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.15pt;">o</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">r</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">s</span>,<span style="letter-spacing: 1.3pt;"> </span>m<span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">i</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">c</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">r</span>o<span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">c</span>on<span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">t</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">r</span>oll<span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">e</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">r</span>s<span style="letter-spacing: 1.4pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">e</span>t<span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">c</span>.<span style="letter-spacing: 1.25pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">T</span>h<span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">e</span>y<span style="letter-spacing: 1.2pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">i</span>mpl<span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">e</span>m<span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">e</span>nt<span style="letter-spacing: 1.35pt;"> </span>a<span style="letter-spacing: 1.45pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">s</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.25pt;">y</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">m</span>bolic<span style="letter-spacing: 1.35pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">r</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">e</span>p<span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">r</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">e</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">s</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">e</span>n<span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">t</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">a</span>t<span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">i</span>on<span style="letter-spacing: 1.25pt;"> </span>of<span style="letter-spacing: 0.15pt;"> </span>the<span style="letter-spacing: 1pt;"> </span>num<span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">e</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">r</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">i</span>c<span style="letter-spacing: 1.35pt;"> </span>m<span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">a</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">c</span>hine<span style="letter-spacing: 1.3pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">c</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.15pt;">o</span>d<span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">e</span>s<span style="letter-spacing: 1.15pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">a</span>nd<span style="letter-spacing: 1.2pt;"> </span>o<span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">t</span>h<span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">e</span>r<span style="letter-spacing: 1.15pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">c</span>on<span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">s</span>t<span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">a</span>nts<span style="letter-spacing: 1.25pt;"> </span>n<span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">ee</span>d<span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">e</span>d<span style="letter-spacing: 1.2pt;"> </span>to<span style="letter-spacing: 1.15pt;"> </span>p<span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">r</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.15pt;">o</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">g</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">r</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">a</span>m<span style="letter-spacing: 1.2pt;"> </span>a<span style="letter-spacing: 1.1pt;"> </span>p<span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">a</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">rt</span>i<span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">c</span>u<span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">l</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">a</span>r<span style="letter-spacing: 1.05pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">C</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">P</span>U<span style="letter-spacing: 0.15pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">a</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">r</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">c</span>hit<span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">e</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">c</span>t<span style="letter-spacing: 0.15pt;">u</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">r</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">e</span>.<span style="letter-spacing: 0.3pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">T</span>his<span style="letter-spacing: 0.4pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">r</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">e</span>p<span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">r</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">e</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">se</span>nt<span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">a</span>tion<span style="letter-spacing: 0.45pt;"> </span>is<span style="letter-spacing: 0.45pt;"> </span>u<span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">s</span>u<span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">a</span>l<span style="letter-spacing: 0.25pt;">l</span>y d<span style="letter-spacing: 0.15pt;">e</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">f</span>in<span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">e</span>d<span style="letter-spacing: 0.6pt;"> </span>by<span style="letter-spacing: 0.35pt;"> </span>the<span style="letter-spacing: 0.55pt;"> </span>h<span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">a</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">r</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.15pt;">d</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">w</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">a</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">r</span>e<span style="letter-spacing: 0.4pt;"> </span>m<span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">a</span>nu<span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">f</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">a</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">c</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">t</span>u<span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">r</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">e</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">r</span>,<span style="letter-spacing: 0.45pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">a</span>nd is<span style="letter-spacing: 0.2pt;"> </span>b<span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">a</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">s</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">e</span>d<span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;"> </span>on<span style="letter-spacing: 0.15pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">a</span>bb<span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">r</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">e</span>vi<span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">a</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">t</span>ions<span style="letter-spacing: 0.15pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">(</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">c</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">a</span>ll<span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">e</span>d<span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">m</span>n<span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">e</span>mon<span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">i</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">c</span>)<span style="letter-spacing: 0.15pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">t</span>h<span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">a</span>t<span style="letter-spacing: 0.15pt;"> </span>h<span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">e</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">l</span>p<span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;"> </span>the<span style="letter-spacing: 0.3pt;"> </span>p<span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">r</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.15pt;">o</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">g</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">r</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">a</span>mm<span style="letter-spacing: 0.15pt;">e</span>r<span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">r</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">e</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">m</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">e</span>mb<span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">e</span>r<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 7.0pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: .35pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 10.0pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 10.0pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;"><br />
</div><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 212.15pt; margin-right: 215.9pt; margin-top: 1.4pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: center; text-autospace: none;"><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;">18</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></div><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 11pt;"><br clear="all" style="mso-break-type: section-break; page-break-before: always;" /> </span> <br />
<div class="WordSection4"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 7.6pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 3.0pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; tab-stops: 246.0pt; text-autospace: none;"><b><u><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">D</span></u></b><b><u><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">C</span></u></b><b><u><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;">14 <span style="letter-spacing: -0.15pt;">S</span>y<span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">s</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">t</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">e</span>m<span style="letter-spacing: 0.15pt;"> </span>So<span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">f</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">t</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">w</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">a</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.15pt;">r</span>e and<span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">O</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.15pt;">p</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">er</span>a<span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">t</span>ing<span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;"> </span>Sy<span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">s</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">t</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">e</span>m</span></u></b><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;"><o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 11.0pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: .6pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 102%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 41.45pt; margin-right: 9.05pt; margin-top: 1.4pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;"><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;">ind<span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">i</span>vidu<span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">a</span>l <span style="letter-spacing: 1.75pt;"> </span>in<span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">s</span>t<span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">r</span>u<span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">c</span>tion, <span style="letter-spacing: 1.55pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.15pt;">r</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">eg</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">i</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">s</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">t</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">e</span>r <span style="letter-spacing: 1.35pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">e</span>t<span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">c</span>. <span style="letter-spacing: 1.5pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">A</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">s</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">s</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">e</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">m</span>b<span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">l</span>y <span style="letter-spacing: 1.35pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">l</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">a</span>n<span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">g</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.15pt;">u</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">a</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">g</span>e <span style="letter-spacing: 1.4pt;"> </span>p<span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">r</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.15pt;">o</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">g</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">r</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">a</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">m</span>ming <span style="letter-spacing: 1.45pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">i</span>s <span style="letter-spacing: 1.45pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">w</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">r</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">i</span>ting m<span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">a</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">c</span>hine <span style="letter-spacing: -1pt;"> </span>in<span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">s</span>t<span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">r</span>u<span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">c</span>tions <span style="letter-spacing: 1.65pt;"> </span>in <span style="letter-spacing: 1.75pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">m</span>n<span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">e</span>mon<span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">i</span>c <span style="letter-spacing: 1.5pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">f</span>o<span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">r</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">m</span>, <span style="letter-spacing: 1.45pt;"> </span>u<span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">s</span>i<span style="letter-spacing: 0.15pt;">n</span>g <span style="letter-spacing: 1.55pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">a</span>n <span style="letter-spacing: 1.55pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">a</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">s</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.2pt;">s</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">e</span>mb<span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">l</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">e</span>r <span style="letter-spacing: 1.5pt;"> </span>to <span style="letter-spacing: 1.75pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">c</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.15pt;">o</span>nv<span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">e</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">r</span>t <span style="letter-spacing: 1.65pt;"> </span>th<span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">e</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">s</span>e<span style="letter-spacing: 0.15pt;"> </span>mn<span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">e</span>moni<span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">c</span>s<span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;"> </span>in<span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">t</span>o <span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">a</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">c</span>tu<span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">a</span>l<span style="letter-spacing: 0.2pt;"> </span>p<span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">r</span>o<span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">c</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">e</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">s</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">s</span>or<span style="letter-spacing: 0.2pt;"> </span>in<span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">s</span>t<span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">r</span>u<span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">c</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">t</span>ions<span style="letter-spacing: 0.2pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">a</span>nd<span style="letter-spacing: 0.25pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">a</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">ss</span>o<span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">c</span>i<span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">a</span>t<span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">e</span>d<span style="letter-spacing: 0.25pt;"> </span>d<span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">a</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.25pt;">t</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">a</span>.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 41.45pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;"><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">A</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;">n<span style="letter-spacing: 0.15pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">a</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">s</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">s</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">e</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">m</span>b<span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">l</span>y<span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.15pt;">p</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">r</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.15pt;">o</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">g</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">r</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">a</span>m<span style="letter-spacing: 0.35pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">c</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.15pt;">o</span>nt<span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">a</span>ins<span style="letter-spacing: 0.15pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">f</span>ol<span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">l</span>o<span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">w</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">i</span>ng<span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">t</span>h<span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">r</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">e</span>e<span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;"> </span>kinds<span style="letter-spacing: 0.5pt;"> </span>of<span style="letter-spacing: 0.25pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">s</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">t</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">a</span>t<span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">e</span>m<span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">e</span>n<span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">t</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">s</span>:<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 102%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 41.45pt; margin-right: 11.7pt; margin-top: .3pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;"><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;">1. <b><span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">I</span>m<span style="letter-spacing: -0.15pt;">p</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.15pt;">e</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">r</span>a<span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">t</span>ive<span style="letter-spacing: 0.25pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">s</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">t</span>a<span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">t</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">e</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.15pt;">m</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.15pt;">e</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.15pt;">n</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">t</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">s</span></b>:<span style="letter-spacing: 0.2pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">T</span>h<span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">e</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">s</span>e<span style="letter-spacing: 0.15pt;"> </span>ind<span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">i</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">ca</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">t</span>e<span style="letter-spacing: 0.2pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">a</span>n<span style="letter-spacing: 0.25pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">a</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">c</span>t<span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">i</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.15pt;">o</span>n<span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;"> </span>to<span style="letter-spacing: 0.3pt;"> </span>be<span style="letter-spacing: 0.25pt;"> </span>p<span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">e</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">rf</span>o<span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">r</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">m</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">e</span>d<span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;"> </span>du<span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">r</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">i</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.15pt;">n</span>g<span style="letter-spacing: 0.2pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">e</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.15pt;">x</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">e</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">c</span>ut<span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">i</span>on<span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;"> </span>of<span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;"> </span>the<span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">a</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">s</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">s</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">e</span>mbl<span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">e</span>d<span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;"> </span>p<span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">r</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.15pt;">o</span>g<span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">r</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.15pt;">a</span>m.<span style="letter-spacing: 0.2pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">E</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">a</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">c</span>h<span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;"> i</span>mp<span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">e</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">r</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">a</span>tive<span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">s</span>t<span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">a</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">t</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">e</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">m</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">e</span>nt<span style="letter-spacing: 0.2pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">t</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.25pt;">y</span>pi<span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">c</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">a</span>l<span style="letter-spacing: 0.35pt;">l</span>y<span style="letter-spacing: -0.15pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">t</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">r</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">a</span>n<span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">s</span>l<span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">a</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.25pt;">t</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">e</span>s<span style="letter-spacing: 0.25pt;"> </span>in<span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">t</span>o<span style="letter-spacing: 0.15pt;"> </span>one<span style="letter-spacing: 0.3pt;"> </span>m<span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">a</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">c</span>hine<span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">i</span>n<span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">s</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">t</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">r</span>u<span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">c</span>t<span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">i</span>on.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 102%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 49.95pt; margin-right: 44.1pt; margin-top: .1pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; tab-stops: 100.0pt; text-autospace: none; text-indent: -8.5pt;"><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;">2. <b><span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">Dec</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">l</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">a</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">r</span>a<span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">t</span>ion<span style="letter-spacing: 0.25pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">s</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">t</span>a<span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">t</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">e</span>m<span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">e</span>n<span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">ts</span></b>:<span style="letter-spacing: 0.2pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">T</span>he<span style="letter-spacing: 0.15pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.2pt;">s</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.25pt;">y</span>n<span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">t</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">a</span>x<span style="letter-spacing: 0.25pt;"> </span>of<span style="letter-spacing: 0.25pt;"> </span>d<span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">ec</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">l</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">a</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">r</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">a</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">t</span>ion<span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">s</span>t<span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">a</span>t<span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">e</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">m</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">e</span>nts<span style="letter-spacing: 0.3pt;"> </span>is<span style="letter-spacing: 0.2pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">a</span>s<span style="letter-spacing: 0.3pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">f</span>ollo<span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">ws</span>:<span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">[L</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">a</span>b<span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">e</span>l] <span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">D</span>S<span style="letter-spacing: 0.15pt;"><</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">c</span>on<span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">s</span>t<span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">a</span>n<span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">t</span>><o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 49.95pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; tab-stops: 100.0pt; text-autospace: none;"><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">[L</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">a</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;">b<span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">e</span>l]<span style="letter-spacing: -2.45pt;"> </span> <span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">D</span>C<span style="letter-spacing: 0.2pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">‘</span><v<span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;">a</v<span>lu<span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">e</span>>’</span><o:p></o:p></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 102%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 41.45pt; margin-right: 50.65pt; margin-top: .3pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;"><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">T</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;">he<span style="letter-spacing: 0.2pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">D</span>S<span style="letter-spacing: 0.25pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">s</span>t<span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">a</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">t</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">e</span>m<span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">e</span>nt<span style="letter-spacing: 0.2pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">r</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">e</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.2pt;">s</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">e</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">r</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.15pt;">v</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">e</span>s<span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">a</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">r</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">e</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">a</span>s<span style="letter-spacing: 0.3pt;"> </span>of<span style="letter-spacing: 0.15pt;"> </span>m<span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">e</span>mo<span style="letter-spacing: 0.2pt;">r</span>y<span style="letter-spacing: 0.15pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">a</span>nd<span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.15pt;">a</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">s</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">s</span>o<span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">c</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">i</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">a</span>t<span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">e</span>s<span style="letter-spacing: 0.15pt;"> </span>n<span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">a</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">m</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">e</span>s<span style="letter-spacing: 0.15pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">w</span>ith<span style="letter-spacing: 0.3pt;"> </span>th<span style="letter-spacing: 0.15pt;">e</span>m.<span style="letter-spacing: 0.15pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">T</span>he<span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;"> D</span>C<span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;"> s</span>t<span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">a</span>t<span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">e</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">m</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">e</span>nt<span style="letter-spacing: 0.2pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">c</span>on<span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">s</span>t<span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">r</span>u<span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">c</span>ts<span style="letter-spacing: 0.15pt;"> </span>m<span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">e</span>mo<span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">r</span>y<span style="letter-spacing: 0.15pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">w</span>o<span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">r</span>ds<span style="letter-spacing: 0.2pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">c</span>on<span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">t</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">a</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">i</span>ning<span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">c</span>on<span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">s</span>t<span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">a</span>n<span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">t</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">s</span>.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 102%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 41.45pt; margin-right: 35.3pt; margin-top: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;"><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;">3. <b><span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">A</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">s</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">se</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.15pt;">m</span>bl<span style="letter-spacing: 0.15pt;">e</span>r<span style="letter-spacing: 0.3pt;"> </span>di<span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">rec</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">t</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">i</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">v</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">es</span></b>:<span style="letter-spacing: 0.15pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">T</span>h<span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">e</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">s</span>e<span style="letter-spacing: 0.15pt;"> </span>in<span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">s</span>t<span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">r</span>u<span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">c</span>t<span style="letter-spacing: 0.15pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">t</span>he<span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">a</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">sse</span>mbl<span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">e</span>r<span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;"> </span>to<span style="letter-spacing: 0.3pt;"> </span>p<span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">e</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">rf</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.15pt;">o</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">r</span>m<span style="letter-spacing: 0.25pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">c</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">e</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">r</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">t</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">a</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">i</span>n<span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">ac</span>t<span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">i</span>ons<span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;"> </span>du<span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">r</span>ing the<span style="letter-spacing: 0.4pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">a</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">ss</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">e</span>mb<span style="letter-spacing: 0.25pt;">l</span>y<span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.15pt;">o</span>f<span style="letter-spacing: 0.2pt;"> </span>a<span style="letter-spacing: 0.25pt;"> </span>p<span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">r</span>og<span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">r</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">a</span>m.<span style="letter-spacing: 0.2pt;"> </span>F<span style="letter-spacing: 0.15pt;">o</span>r<span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">e</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.15pt;">x</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">a</span>mp<span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">l</span>e<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 102%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 41.45pt; margin-right: 38.35pt; margin-top: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;"><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">S</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">T</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">AR</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;">T <span style="letter-spacing: 0.35pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;"><</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">c</span>on<span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">s</span>t<span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">a</span>nt><span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;"> </span>d<span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">i</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">r</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">e</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">c</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">t</span>ive<span style="letter-spacing: 0.15pt;"> </span>indi<span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">c</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">a</span>t<span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">e</span>s<span style="letter-spacing: 0.35pt;"> </span>th<span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">a</span>t<span style="letter-spacing: 0.15pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">t</span>he<span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">f</span>i<span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">r</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">s</span>t<span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;"> w</span>o<span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">r</span>d<span style="letter-spacing: 0.3pt;"> </span>of<span style="letter-spacing: 0.15pt;"> </span>the<span style="letter-spacing: 0.3pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">t</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">a</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">r</span>g<span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">e</span>t<span style="letter-spacing: 0.15pt;"> </span>p<span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">r</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.15pt;">o</span>g<span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">r</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">a</span>m <span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">ge</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.15pt;">n</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">e</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">r</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">a</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">t</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">e</span>d <span style="letter-spacing: 0.25pt;">b</span>y the<span style="letter-spacing: 0.3pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">a</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">ss</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">e</span>mb<span style="letter-spacing: 0.25pt;">l</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">e</span>r<span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">s</span>hould<span style="letter-spacing: 0.25pt;"> </span>be<span style="letter-spacing: 0.25pt;"> </span>pl<span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">a</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.15pt;">c</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">e</span>d<span style="letter-spacing: 0.3pt;"> </span>in<span style="letter-spacing: 0.15pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">t</span>he<span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;"> </span>m<span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">e</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">m</span>o<span style="letter-spacing: 0.2pt;">r</span>y<span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">w</span>o<span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">r</span>d<span style="letter-spacing: 0.15pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">w</span>i<span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">t</span>h<span style="letter-spacing: 0.15pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">a</span>dd<span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">r</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">e</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">s</span>s<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 41.45pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;"><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;"><<span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">c</span>on<span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">s</span>t<span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">a</span>n<span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">t</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">></span>.</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;"><o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 41.45pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: .4pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;"><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">T</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;">he<span style="letter-spacing: 0.2pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">a</span>dv<span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">a</span>nt<span style="letter-spacing: 0.15pt;">a</span>g<span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">e</span>s<span style="letter-spacing: 0.15pt;"> </span>of<span style="letter-spacing: 0.25pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">a</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">sse</span>mb<span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">l</span>y l<span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">a</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.15pt;">n</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">g</span>u<span style="letter-spacing: 0.15pt;">a</span>ge<span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;"> </span>p<span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">r</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.15pt;">o</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">g</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">r</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">a</span>m<span style="letter-spacing: 0.25pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">w</span>ou<span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">l</span>d<span style="letter-spacing: 0.15pt;"> </span>be<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 47.1pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: .3pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; tab-stops: 75.0pt; text-autospace: none;"><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 9pt;">•</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 9pt;"> </span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">r</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">e</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;">du<span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">c</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">e</span>d<span style="letter-spacing: 0.3pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">e</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">rr</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.15pt;">o</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">r</span>s<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 47.1pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: .3pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; tab-stops: 75.0pt; text-autospace: none;"><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 9pt;">•</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 9pt;"> </span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">f</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">a</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">s</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;">t<span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">e</span>r<span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">tr</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">a</span>n<span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">s</span>l<span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">a</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">t</span>ion<span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">t</span>im<span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">e</span>s<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 47.1pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: .3pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; tab-stops: 75.0pt; text-autospace: none;"><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 9pt;">•</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 9pt;"> </span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">c</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;">h<span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">a</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.15pt;">n</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">ge</span>s<span style="letter-spacing: 0.15pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">c</span>ould<span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.15pt;">b</span>e<span style="letter-spacing: 0.15pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">m</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">a</span>de<span style="letter-spacing: 0.3pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">e</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">a</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">s</span>i<span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">e</span>r<span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">a</span>nd<span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;"> f</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">a</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">s</span>t<span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">e</span>r<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 13.0pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: .4pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 102%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 41.45pt; margin-right: 21.45pt; margin-top: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; tab-stops: 405.0pt; text-autospace: none; text-indent: -33.85pt;"><b><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;">Q<span style="letter-spacing: 0.2pt;">.</span>1<span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">4</span>. </span></b><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">W</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;">h<span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">a</span>t<span style="letter-spacing: 1.4pt;"> </span>is<span style="letter-spacing: 1.4pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">a</span>n<span style="letter-spacing: 1.3pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">e</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.15pt;">x</span>p<span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">r</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">e</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">ss</span>ion<span style="letter-spacing: 1.3pt;"> </span>t<span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">r</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">e</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">e</span>?<span style="letter-spacing: 1.4pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">H</span>ow<span style="letter-spacing: 1.4pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">a</span>n<span style="letter-spacing: 1.3pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">e</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.15pt;">x</span>p<span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">r</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">e</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">s</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">s</span>ion<span style="letter-spacing: 1.45pt;"> </span>is<span style="letter-spacing: 1.4pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">e</span>v<span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">a</span>lu<span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">a</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">t</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">e</span>d<span style="letter-spacing: 1.45pt;"> </span>u<span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">s</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">i</span>ng<span style="letter-spacing: 1.45pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">a</span>n<span style="letter-spacing: 1.45pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">e</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.15pt;">x</span>p<span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">r</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">e</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">ss</span>ion<span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;"> </span>t<span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">r</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">e</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">e</span>?<span style="letter-spacing: 0.3pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">D</span>i<span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">s</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">c</span>u<span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">s</span>s<span style="letter-spacing: 0.2pt;"> </span>its<span style="letter-spacing: 0.25pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">a</span>dv<span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">a</span>n<span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">t</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">age</span>s<span style="letter-spacing: 0.15pt;"> </span>o<span style="letter-spacing: 0.15pt;">v</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">e</span>r<span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;"> t</span>he o<span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">t</span>h<span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">e</span>r<span style="letter-spacing: 0.2pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">e</span>v<span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">a</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">l</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.15pt;">u</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">a</span>t<span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">i</span>on<span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;"> </span>t<span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">e</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">c</span>hniqu<span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">e</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">s</span>.<span style="letter-spacing: -2.45pt;"> </span> <b><span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">(</span>8)</b><o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 13.0pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: .2pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 44.3pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;"><b><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">A</span></b><b><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;">n<span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">s</span>:</span></b><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;"><o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 47.1pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: .05pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;"><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">A</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;">l<span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">ge</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.15pt;">b</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">r</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">a</span>ic<span style="letter-spacing: 0.3pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">e</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.15pt;">x</span>p<span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">r</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">e</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">s</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">s</span>ions<span style="letter-spacing: 0.15pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">s</span>u<span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">c</span>h<span style="letter-spacing: 0.25pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">a</span>s<o:p></o:p></span></div><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 169.45pt; margin-right: 213.75pt; margin-top: .8pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: center; text-autospace: none;"><b><span style="font-family: 'Courier New'; font-size: 9pt; letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">a/b+(c-d)</span></b><b><span style="font-family: 'Courier New'; font-size: 9pt;">e</span></b><span style="font-family: 'Courier New'; font-size: 9pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 101%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 47.1pt; margin-right: 10.25pt; margin-top: .1pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;"><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;">h<span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">a</span>ve<span style="letter-spacing: 0.15pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">a</span>n<span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;"> </span>inh<span style="letter-spacing: 0.15pt;">e</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">r</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">e</span>nt<span style="letter-spacing: 0.35pt;"> </span>t<span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">r</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.15pt;">e</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">e</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">-</span>l<span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">i</span>ke<span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">s</span>t<span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">r</span>u<span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">c</span>tu<span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">r</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">e</span>.<span style="letter-spacing: 0.3pt;"> </span>For<span style="letter-spacing: 0.4pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">e</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.15pt;">x</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">a</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">m</span>pl<span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">e</span>,<span style="letter-spacing: 0.2pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">f</span>o<span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">l</span>lo<span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">w</span>ing<span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;"> f</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.25pt;">i</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">g</span>u<span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">r</span>e<span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;"> </span>is<span style="letter-spacing: 0.2pt;"> </span>a<span style="letter-spacing: 0.25pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">r</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">e</span>p<span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">r</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.15pt;">e</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">s</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">e</span>nt<span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">a</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">t</span>ion<span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;"> </span>of<span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;"> </span>the<span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">e</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.15pt;">x</span>p<span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">r</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">e</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">ss</span>ion<span style="letter-spacing: 0.25pt;"> </span>in<span style="letter-spacing: 0.15pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">a</span>bove<span style="letter-spacing: 0.15pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">e</span>qu<span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">a</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">t</span>ion.<span style="letter-spacing: 0.2pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">T</span>h<span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">i</span>s<span style="letter-spacing: 0.15pt;"> </span>kind<span style="letter-spacing: 0.5pt;"> </span>of<span style="letter-spacing: 0.15pt;"> </span>t<span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">r</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">e</span>e<span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;"> </span>is<span style="letter-spacing: 0.2pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">ca</span>ll<span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">e</span>d<span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">a</span>n<span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;"> </span><i><span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">e</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.15pt;">x</span>p<span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">r</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.15pt;">e</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">s</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">s</span>i<span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">o</span>n<span style="letter-spacing: 0.35pt;"> </span>t<span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">r</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">e</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.15pt;">e</span></i>.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 13.0pt; 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</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 157.7pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;"><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13pt;"><img height="155" src="file:///C:/Users/arvind/AppData/Local/Temp/msohtmlclip1/01/clip_image011.gif" v:shapes="_x0000_i1030" width="218" /></span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 10pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 13.0pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: .15pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;"><br />
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</tbody></table><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">T</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;">he<span style="letter-spacing: 0.2pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">t</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">e</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">r</span>m<span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">i</span>n<span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">a</span>l<span style="letter-spacing: 0.15pt;"> </span>nod<span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">e</span>s<span style="letter-spacing: 0.35pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">(</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.25pt;">l</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">ea</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.15pt;">v</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">e</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">s</span>)<span style="letter-spacing: 0.15pt;"> </span>of<span style="letter-spacing: 0.15pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">a</span>n<span style="letter-spacing: 0.25pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">e</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.15pt;">x</span>p<span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">r</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">e</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">s</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">s</span>ion<span style="letter-spacing: 0.25pt;"> </span>t<span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">r</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">e</span>e<span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">a</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">r</span>e<span style="letter-spacing: 0.15pt;"> </span>the<span style="letter-spacing: 0.3pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.15pt;">v</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">a</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">r</span>i<span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">a</span>bl<span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">e</span>s<span style="letter-spacing: 0.3pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.15pt;">o</span>r<span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">c</span>on<span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">s</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">t</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">a</span>nts<span style="letter-spacing: 0.15pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">i</span>n<span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;"> </span>the <span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">e</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.15pt;">x</span>p<span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">r</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">e</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">s</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">s</span>ion<span style="letter-spacing: 0.15pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">(</span><i>a</i>,<span style="letter-spacing: 0.15pt;"> </span><i>b</i>,<span style="letter-spacing: 0.2pt;"> </span><i><span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">c</span></i>,<span style="letter-spacing: 0.2pt;"> </span><i>d</i>,<span style="letter-spacing: 0.2pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">a</span>nd<span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;"> </span><i><span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">e</span></i><span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">)</span>.<span style="letter-spacing: 0.2pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">T</span>he<span style="letter-spacing: 0.15pt;"> </span>non<span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">-</span>t<span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">e</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">r</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">m</span>in<span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">a</span>l<span style="letter-spacing: 0.4pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.15pt;">n</span>od<span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">e</span>s<span style="letter-spacing: 0.3pt;"> </span>of<span style="letter-spacing: 0.15pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">a</span>n<span style="letter-spacing: 0.25pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">e</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.15pt;">x</span>p<span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">r</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">e</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">s</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">s</span>ion<span style="letter-spacing: 0.25pt;"> </span>t<span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">r</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">e</span>e<span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">a</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">r</span>e<span style="letter-spacing: 0.15pt;"> </span>t<span style="letter-spacing: 0.15pt;">h</span>e<span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;"> </span>op<span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">e</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">r</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">a</span>to<span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">r</span>s<span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">(</span>+,<span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">-</span>, <span style="letter-spacing: 0.4pt;"> </span>,<span style="letter-spacing: 0.15pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">a</span>nd<span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -1.75pt;"> <img height="17" src="file:///C:/Users/arvind/AppData/Local/Temp/msohtmlclip1/01/clip_image015.gif" v:shapes="_x0000_i1032" width="10" /></span>)<o:p></o:p></span><br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 12.3pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 47.1pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;"><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">T</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;">he<span style="letter-spacing: 0.2pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">e</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.15pt;">x</span>p<span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">r</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">e</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">s</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">s</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">i</span>on<span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;"> </span>t<span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">r</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">e</span>e<span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;"> </span>is<span style="letter-spacing: 0.2pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">e</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.15pt;">v</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">a</span>lu<span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">a</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">t</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">e</span>d<span style="letter-spacing: 0.25pt;"> </span>u<span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">s</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">i</span>ng<span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;"> </span>a<span style="letter-spacing: 0.15pt;"> </span>po<span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">s</span>t<span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">-</span>o<span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">r</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.15pt;">d</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">e</span>r<span style="letter-spacing: 0.3pt;"> </span>t<span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">r</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">a</span>v<span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">e</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">r</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">sa</span>l<span style="letter-spacing: 0.15pt;"> </span>of<span style="letter-spacing: 0.15pt;"> </span>the<span style="letter-spacing: 0.3pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">e</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.15pt;">x</span>p<span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">r</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">e</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">s</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">s</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.25pt;">i</span>on<span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;"> </span>t<span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">r</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">e</span>e<span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">a</span>s<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 47.1pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: .3pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;"><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">f</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;">ol<span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">l</span>o<span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">w</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">s</span>:</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;"><o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 69.65pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: .4pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; tab-stops: 109.0pt; text-autospace: none;"><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;">1.<span style="letter-spacing: -2.6pt;"> </span> <span style="letter-spacing: -0.15pt;">I</span>f<span style="letter-spacing: 0.25pt;"> </span>this<span style="letter-spacing: 0.35pt;"> </span>node<span style="letter-spacing: 0.45pt;"> </span>h<span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">a</span>s<span style="letter-spacing: 0.15pt;"> </span>no<span style="letter-spacing: 0.2pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">c</span>hild<span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">r</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">e</span>n,<span style="letter-spacing: 0.2pt;"> </span>it<span style="letter-spacing: 0.2pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">s</span>hou<span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">l</span>d<span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">r</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">e</span>tu<span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">r</span>n<span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">t</span>he<span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;"> </span>v<span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">a</span>lue<span style="letter-spacing: 0.15pt;"> </span>of<span style="letter-spacing: 0.25pt;"> </span>the<span style="letter-spacing: 0.3pt;"> </span>node<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 69.65pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: .3pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; tab-stops: 109.0pt; text-autospace: none;"><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;">2.<span style="letter-spacing: -2.6pt;"> </span> <span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">E</span>v<span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">a</span>lu<span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">a</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">t</span>e<span style="letter-spacing: 0.15pt;"> </span>the<span style="letter-spacing: 0.3pt;"> </span>l<span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">e</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">f</span>t<span style="letter-spacing: 0.15pt;"> h</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">a</span>nd<span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">c</span>h<span style="letter-spacing: 0.25pt;">i</span>ld<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 69.65pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: .3pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; tab-stops: 109.0pt; text-autospace: none;"><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;">3.<span style="letter-spacing: -2.6pt;"> </span> <span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">E</span>v<span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">a</span>lu<span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">a</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">t</span>e<span style="letter-spacing: 0.15pt;"> </span>the<span style="letter-spacing: 0.3pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">r</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">i</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">g</span>ht<span style="letter-spacing: 0.15pt;"> </span>h<span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">a</span>nd<span style="letter-spacing: 0.35pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">c</span>hi<span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">l</span>d<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 69.65pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: .3pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; tab-stops: 109.0pt; text-autospace: none;"><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;">4.<span style="letter-spacing: -2.6pt;"> </span> <span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">T</span>h<span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">e</span>n<span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">e</span>v<span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">a</span>lu<span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">a</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">t</span>e<span style="letter-spacing: 0.15pt;"> </span>the<span style="letter-spacing: 0.3pt;"> </span>op<span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">e</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">r</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">a</span>tion<span style="letter-spacing: 0.35pt;"> </span>indi<span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">c</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">a</span>t<span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">e</span>d<span style="letter-spacing: 0.3pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.25pt;">b</span>y the<span style="letter-spacing: 0.3pt;"> </span>node<span style="letter-spacing: 0.55pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">a</span>nd<span style="letter-spacing: 0.25pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">r</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">e</span>tu<span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">r</span>n<span style="letter-spacing: 0.2pt;"> </span>this<span style="letter-spacing: 0.5pt;"> </span>v<span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">a</span>lue<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 47.1pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: .3pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;"><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">A</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;">n<span style="letter-spacing: 0.15pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">e</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.15pt;">x</span>p<span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">r</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">e</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">s</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">s</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">i</span>on<span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;"> </span>t<span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">r</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">e</span>e<span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;"> </span>is<span style="letter-spacing: 0.2pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">a</span>d<span style="letter-spacing: 0.15pt;">v</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">a</span>nt<span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">a</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">g</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">e</span>ous<span style="letter-spacing: 0.15pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">f</span>o<span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">r</span>:<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 9.0pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: .35pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;"><br />
</div><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 212.15pt; margin-right: 215.9pt; margin-top: 1.4pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: center; text-autospace: none;"><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;">19</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></div><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 11pt;"><br clear="all" style="mso-break-type: section-break; page-break-before: always;" /> </span> <br />
<div class="WordSection5"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 7.6pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 3.0pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; tab-stops: 246.0pt; text-autospace: none;"><b><u><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">D</span></u></b><b><u><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">C</span></u></b><b><u><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;">14 <span style="letter-spacing: -0.15pt;">S</span>y<span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">s</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">t</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">e</span>m<span style="letter-spacing: 0.15pt;"> </span>So<span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">f</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">t</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">w</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">a</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.15pt;">r</span>e and<span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">O</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.15pt;">p</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">er</span>a<span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">t</span>ing<span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;"> </span>Sy<span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">s</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">t</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">e</span>m</span></u></b><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;"><o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 11.0pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: .35pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 102%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 41.45pt; margin-right: 11.55pt; margin-top: 1.7pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none; text-indent: -5.65pt;"><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 9pt; line-height: 102%;">•<span style="letter-spacing: -1.45pt;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">U</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;">nd<span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">e</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">r</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">s</span>t<span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">a</span>nd<span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">i</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.15pt;">n</span>g<span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">t</span>he o<span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">r</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.15pt;">d</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">e</span>r<span style="letter-spacing: 0.2pt;"> </span>of<span style="letter-spacing: 0.25pt;"> </span>op<span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">e</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">r</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">a</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">t</span>ion.<span style="letter-spacing: 0.3pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">O</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.15pt;">p</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">e</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">r</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">a</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">t</span>ions<span style="letter-spacing: 0.35pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">t</span>h<span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">a</span>t<span style="letter-spacing: 0.15pt;"> </span>mu<span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">s</span>t<span style="letter-spacing: 0.35pt;"> </span>be<span style="letter-spacing: 0.15pt;"> </span>done<span style="letter-spacing: 0.45pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">s</span>oon<span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">e</span>r<span style="letter-spacing: 0.3pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">a</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">r</span>e<span style="letter-spacing: 0.15pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">f</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.15pt;">u</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">r</span>th<span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">e</span>r<span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;"> </span>to<span style="letter-spacing: 0.15pt;"> </span>the<span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">r</span>i<span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">g</span>ht<span style="letter-spacing: 0.15pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">i</span>n<span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;"> </span>the<span style="letter-spacing: 0.3pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">t</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">r</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">e</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">e</span>.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 102%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 41.45pt; margin-right: 30.7pt; margin-top: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none; text-indent: -5.65pt;"><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 9pt; line-height: 102%;">•<span style="letter-spacing: -1.45pt;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">C</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;">ount<span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">i</span>ng<span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">t</span>he nu<span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">m</span>b<span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">e</span>r<span style="letter-spacing: 0.3pt;"> </span>of<span style="letter-spacing: 0.15pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">t</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">e</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">r</span>ms<span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;"> </span>or<span style="letter-spacing: 0.25pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">f</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">a</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">c</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">t</span>o<span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">r</span>s<span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;"> </span>in<span style="letter-spacing: 0.3pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">a</span>n<span style="letter-spacing: 0.25pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">e</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.15pt;">x</span>p<span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">r</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">e</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">ss</span>ion.<span style="letter-spacing: 0.2pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">E</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">a</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">c</span>h<span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;"> t</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">e</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">r</span>m<span style="letter-spacing: 0.2pt;"> </span>or<span style="letter-spacing: 0.15pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">f</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.15pt;">a</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">c</span>tor<span style="letter-spacing: 0.15pt;"> </span>is<span style="letter-spacing: 0.2pt;"> </span>a<span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">c</span>h<span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">i</span>ld<span style="letter-spacing: 0.15pt;"> </span>nod<span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">e</span>.<span style="letter-spacing: 0.4pt;"> </span>For<span style="letter-spacing: 0.4pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">e</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.15pt;">x</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">a</span>mple<span style="letter-spacing: 0.15pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">t</span>he <span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">e</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.15pt;">x</span>p<span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">r</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">e</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">s</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">s</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">i</span>on<span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">(</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">a</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">+</span>b<span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">)</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">/</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">c</span>+2*d<span style="letter-spacing: 0.2pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">c</span>on<span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">t</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">a</span>ins<span style="letter-spacing: 0.15pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">t</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">w</span>o<span style="letter-spacing: 0.2pt;"> </span>t<span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">e</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">r</span>m<span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">s</span>.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 12.0pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: .95pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 102%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 61.25pt; margin-right: 223.45pt; margin-top: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; tab-stops: 44.0pt; text-autospace: none; text-indent: -53.65pt;"><b><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;">Q<span style="letter-spacing: 0.2pt;">.</span>1<span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">5</span>.<span style="letter-spacing: -2.35pt;"> </span> </span></b><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">D</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">r</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">a</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;">w<span style="letter-spacing: 0.3pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">a</span>n<span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">e</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.15pt;">x</span>p<span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">r</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">e</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">s</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">s</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">i</span>on<span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;"> t</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">r</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">e</span>e<span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">f</span>or<span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">t</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.15pt;">h</span>e <span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">s</span>t<span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">r</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">i</span>n<span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">g</span>.<span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;"> </span>f + <span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">(</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.15pt;">x+</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.25pt;">y</span>)<span style="letter-spacing: 0.15pt;"> </span>*<span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">(</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">(</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">a</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">+</span>b<span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">)</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">/(</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">c</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">-</span>d<span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">)</span>)<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 102%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 44.3pt; margin-right: 22.7pt; margin-top: .1pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; tab-stops: 405.0pt; text-autospace: none;"><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; letter-spacing: -0.15pt;">I</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;">nd<span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">i</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">c</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">a</span>te<span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;"> </span>the<span style="letter-spacing: 0.4pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">r</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">e</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">g</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">i</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">s</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">t</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">e</span>r<span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">r</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">e</span>qui<span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">r</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">e</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">m</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">e</span>nt<span style="letter-spacing: 0.15pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">f</span>or<span style="letter-spacing: 0.15pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">e</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">ac</span>h<span style="letter-spacing: 0.35pt;"> </span>node<span style="letter-spacing: 0.45pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">a</span>nd<span style="letter-spacing: 0.25pt;"> </span>li<span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">s</span>t<span style="letter-spacing: 0.2pt;"> </span>out<span style="letter-spacing: 0.35pt;"> </span>the<span style="letter-spacing: 0.3pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">e</span>v<span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">a</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.25pt;">l</span>u<span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">a</span>t<span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">i</span>on<span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;"> </span>o<span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">r</span>d<span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">e</span>r<span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">f</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.15pt;">o</span>r<span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;"> </span>the<span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">e</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.15pt;">x</span>p<span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">r</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">e</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">ss</span>ion<span style="letter-spacing: 0.25pt;"> </span>t<span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">r</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">e</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">e</span>.<span style="letter-spacing: -2.45pt;"> </span> <b><span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">(</span>8)</b><o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 13.0pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: .2pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 44.3pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;"><b><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">A</span></b><b><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;">n<span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">s</span>:</span></b><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;"><o:p></o:p></span></div><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 102%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 44.35pt; margin-right: 60.15pt; margin-top: .05pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: center; text-autospace: none;"><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">A</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;">n<span style="letter-spacing: 0.15pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">e</span>xp<span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">r</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">e</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">s</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">s</span>ion<span style="letter-spacing: 0.25pt;"> </span>t<span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">r</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">e</span>e<span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">f</span>or<span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;"> </span>t<span style="letter-spacing: 0.15pt;">h</span>e<span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">s</span>t<span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">r</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">i</span>ng<span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">“</span>f<span style="letter-spacing: 0.2pt;"> </span>+<span style="letter-spacing: 0.25pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">(</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.15pt;">x+</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.25pt;">y</span>)<span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.15pt;">*</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">((</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">a</span>+<span style="letter-spacing: 0.15pt;">b</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">)</span>/<span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">(</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">c</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">-</span>d<span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">)</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">)</span>”<span style="letter-spacing: 0.15pt;"> </span>is<span style="letter-spacing: 0.35pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">g</span>iv<span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">e</span>n<span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;"> </span>b<span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">e</span>lo<span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">w</span>: <span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">M</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">a</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.15pt;">x</span>i<span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">m</span>un <span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">r</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">eg</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">i</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">s</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">t</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">e</span>r<span style="letter-spacing: 0.15pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">r</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">e</span>qu<span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">i</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">r</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.15pt;">e</span>m<span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">e</span>nt<span style="letter-spacing: 0.15pt;"> </span>is<span style="letter-spacing: 0.35pt;"> </span>2.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 93.5pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: .1pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;"><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;"><img height="162" src="file:///C:/Users/arvind/AppData/Local/Temp/msohtmlclip1/01/clip_image017.jpg" v:shapes="_x0000_i1033" width="321" /></span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 10pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 12.0pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: .9pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 102%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 52.7pt; margin-right: 49.05pt; margin-top: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none; text-indent: -11.3pt;"><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">T</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;">he<span style="letter-spacing: 0.2pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">e</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.15pt;">x</span>p<span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">r</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">e</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">s</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">s</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">i</span>on<span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">w</span>ill<span style="letter-spacing: 0.25pt;"> </span>be<span style="letter-spacing: 0.25pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">e</span>v<span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">a</span>lu<span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">a</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">t</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">e</span>d<span style="letter-spacing: 0.25pt;"> </span>in<span style="letter-spacing: 0.15pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">t</span>he<span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">f</span>ollo<span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">w</span>i<span style="letter-spacing: 0.15pt;">n</span>g<span style="letter-spacing: 0.2pt;"> </span>o<span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">r</span>d<span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">e</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">r</span>:<span style="letter-spacing: 0.2pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">r</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">e</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">s</span>i<span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">s</span>t<span style="letter-spacing: 0.15pt;">e</span>r<span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;"> R</span>1<span style="letter-spacing: 0.3pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">f</span>i<span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">r</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">s</span>t,<span style="letter-spacing: 0.15pt;"> </span>th<span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">e</span>n<span style="letter-spacing: 0.15pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">r</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">e</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">g</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">i</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">s</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">t</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">e</span>r<span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">R</span>2,<span style="letter-spacing: 0.25pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">a</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.15pt;">n</span>d<span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">s</span>o<span style="letter-spacing: 0.25pt;"> </span>on.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 12.0pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: .7pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;"><br />
</div><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 73.15pt; margin-right: 94.55pt; margin-top: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; tab-stops: 106.0pt 174.0pt 193.0pt 208.0pt 276.0pt 310.0pt; text-align: center; text-autospace: none;"><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 15pt;">f<span style="letter-spacing: -1.3pt;"> </span>+ <span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">(x</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">+y</span>) * ( <span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">(a</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.15pt;">+</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">b</span>) / <span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">(</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">c-</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">d)</span>)<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 10.0pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: .75pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 11.3pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 126.05pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 1.4pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; mso-pagination: none; tab-stops: 227.0pt; text-autospace: none;"><span style="position: relative; z-index: -4;"><span style="height: 21px; left: 270px; position: absolute; top: -12px; width: 36px;"><img height="21" src="file:///C:/Users/arvind/AppData/Local/Temp/msohtmlclip1/01/clip_image018.gif" v:shapes="_x0000_s1038" width="36" /></span></span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; letter-spacing: 0.05pt; position: relative; top: 1pt;">R</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; position: relative; top: 1pt;">1<span style="letter-spacing: -2.35pt;"> </span> <span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">R</span>2</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;"><o:p></o:p></span></div><div align="right" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 9.75pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 109.15pt; margin-top: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; mso-pagination: none; text-align: right; text-autospace: none;"><span style="position: relative; z-index: -6;"><span style="height: 21px; left: 529px; position: absolute; top: -29px; width: 37px;"><img height="21" src="file:///C:/Users/arvind/AppData/Local/Temp/msohtmlclip1/01/clip_image019.gif" v:shapes="_x0000_s1028" width="37" /></span></span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; letter-spacing: 0.05pt; position: relative; top: -0.5pt;">R</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; position: relative; top: -0.5pt;">3</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;"><o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 8.0pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: .3pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 10.0pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 10.0pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;"><br />
</div><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 268.05pt; margin-right: 158.05pt; margin-top: 1.4pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: center; text-autospace: none;"><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">R</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;">4</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;"><o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 6.5pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: .2pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 10.0pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 10.0pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 10.0pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;"><br />
</div><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 234.25pt; margin-right: 191.9pt; margin-top: 1.4pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: center; text-autospace: none;"><span style="position: relative; z-index: -5;"><span style="height: 216px; left: 214px; position: absolute; top: -148px; width: 407px;"><img height="216" src="file:///C:/Users/arvind/AppData/Local/Temp/msohtmlclip1/01/clip_image020.gif" v:shapes="_x0000_s1029 _x0000_s1030 _x0000_s1031 _x0000_s1032 _x0000_s1033 _x0000_s1034 _x0000_s1035 _x0000_s1036 _x0000_s1037" width="407" /></span></span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">R</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;">5</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;"><o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 6.5pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: .2pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 10.0pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 10.0pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 10.0pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;"><br />
</div><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 217.3pt; margin-right: 2.9in; margin-top: 1.4pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: center; text-autospace: none;"><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">R</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;">6</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;"><o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 7.6pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 4.75pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; tab-stops: 61.0pt; text-autospace: none;"><b><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;">Q<span style="letter-spacing: 0.2pt;">.</span>1<span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">6</span>.<span style="letter-spacing: -2.35pt;"> </span> </span></b><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">E</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; letter-spacing: 0.15pt;">x</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;">p<span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">l</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">a</span>in<span style="letter-spacing: 0.25pt;"> </span>the<span style="letter-spacing: 0.3pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">f</span>ol<span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">l</span>o<span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">w</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">i</span>n<span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">g</span>:-<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 102%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 58.35pt; margin-right: 70.35pt; margin-top: .3pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;"><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">(</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;">i)</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; letter-spacing: -1.1pt;"> </span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">E</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;">li<span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">m</span>in<span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">a</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">t</span>ion<span style="letter-spacing: 0.25pt;"> </span>of<span style="letter-spacing: 0.15pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">c</span>o<span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">m</span>m<span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">o</span>n<span style="letter-spacing: 0.25pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">s</span>ub<span style="letter-spacing: 0.25pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">e</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.15pt;">x</span>p<span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">r</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">e</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">s</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">s</span>ions<span style="letter-spacing: 0.15pt;"> </span>du<span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">r</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">i</span>ng<span style="letter-spacing: 0.2pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">c</span>ode<span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;"> </span>op<span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">t</span>im<span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">i</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">s</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">a</span>tion.<span style="letter-spacing: 0.2pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">(</span>i<span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">i</span>)<span style="letter-spacing: -1.1pt;"> </span>Pu<span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">r</span>e<span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;"> a</span>nd<span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;"> </span>i<span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">m</span>pu<span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">r</span>e<span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;"> </span>int<span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">e</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">r</span>p<span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">r</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">e</span>t<span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">e</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">rs</span>.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 102%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 58.35pt; margin-right: 160.35pt; margin-top: .1pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;"><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">(</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;">i<span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">i</span>i)<span style="letter-spacing: -0.95pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.15pt;">L</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">e</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.15pt;">x</span>i<span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">c</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">a</span>l<span style="letter-spacing: 0.2pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">s</span>ub<span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">s</span>t<span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">i</span>tut<span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">i</span>on du<span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">r</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">i</span>ng<span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;"> </span>m<span style="letter-spacing: 0.15pt;">a</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">c</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">r</span>o<span style="letter-spacing: 0.3pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">e</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.15pt;">x</span>p<span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">a</span>n<span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">s</span>ion. <span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">(</span>iv<span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">)</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">O</span>v<span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">e</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">r</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">l</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.15pt;">a</span>y<span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">s</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.25pt;">t</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">r</span>u<span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">c</span>tu<span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">r</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">e</span>d<span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.15pt;">p</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">r</span>o<span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">g</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">r</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">a</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">m</span>.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 58.35pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;"><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">(</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;">v)</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; letter-spacing: -1.1pt;"> </span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;">F<span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">ac</span>ili<span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">t</span>i<span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">e</span>s<span style="letter-spacing: 0.3pt;"> </span>of<span style="letter-spacing: 0.15pt;"> </span>a<span style="letter-spacing: 0.15pt;"> </span>d<span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">e</span>b<span style="letter-spacing: 0.15pt;">u</span>g<span style="letter-spacing: 0.25pt;"> </span>moni<span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">t</span>o<span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">r</span>.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 102%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 58.35pt; margin-right: 173.9pt; margin-top: .3pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;"><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">(</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;">vi)</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; letter-spacing: -1.1pt;"> </span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">Ac</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;">tions<span style="letter-spacing: 0.2pt;"> </span>of<span style="letter-spacing: 0.25pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">a</span>n<span style="letter-spacing: 0.25pt;"> </span>int<span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">e</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">rr</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.15pt;">u</span>pt<span style="letter-spacing: 0.2pt;"> </span>p<span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">r</span>o<span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">ce</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">ss</span>i<span style="letter-spacing: 0.15pt;">n</span>g <span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">r</span>ou<span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">t</span>in<span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">e</span>.<span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">(</span>vi<span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">i</span>)<span style="letter-spacing: -1.1pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">R</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">ea</span>l<span style="letter-spacing: 0.25pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">t</span>ime<span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;"> </span>op<span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">e</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">r</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">a</span>t<span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">i</span>ng<span style="letter-spacing: 0.2pt;"> s</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.25pt;">y</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">s</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">t</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">e</span>m.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 58.35pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; tab-stops: 5.5in; text-autospace: none;"><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">(</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;">vi<span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">i</span>i)</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; letter-spacing: -1.1pt;"> </span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;">Fo<span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">r</span>k<span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">-</span>join.<span style="letter-spacing: -2.3pt;"> </span> <b><span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">(</span>16)</b><o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 13.0pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: .3pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;"><br />
</div><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 212.15pt; margin-right: 215.9pt; margin-top: 1.4pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: center; text-autospace: none;"><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;">20</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></div><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 11pt;"><br clear="all" style="mso-break-type: section-break; page-break-before: always;" /> </span> <br />
<div class="WordSection6"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 7.6pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 3.0pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; tab-stops: 246.0pt; text-autospace: none;"><b><u><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">D</span></u></b><b><u><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">C</span></u></b><b><u><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;">14 <span style="letter-spacing: -0.15pt;">S</span>y<span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">s</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">t</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">e</span>m<span style="letter-spacing: 0.15pt;"> </span>So<span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">f</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">t</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">w</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">a</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.15pt;">r</span>e and<span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">O</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.15pt;">p</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">er</span>a<span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">t</span>ing<span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;"> </span>Sy<span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">s</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">t</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">e</span>m</span></u></b><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;"><o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 11.0pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: .85pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 44.3pt; margin-right: 5.2in; margin-top: 1.4pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;"><b><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">A</span></b><b><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;">n<span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">s</span>:</span></b><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;"><o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 47.1pt; margin-right: 55.55pt; margin-top: .3pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; tab-stops: 75.0pt; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;"><b><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">(</span></b><b><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;">i)<span style="letter-spacing: -2.45pt;"> </span> <span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">E</span>l<span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">i</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.15pt;">m</span>ina<span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">t</span>i<span style="letter-spacing: 0.15pt;">o</span>n<span style="letter-spacing: 0.25pt;"> </span>of<span style="letter-spacing: 0.25pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">c</span>om<span style="letter-spacing: -0.15pt;">m</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.15pt;">o</span>n<span style="letter-spacing: 0.35pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">s</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.15pt;">u</span>b<span style="letter-spacing: 0.35pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">e</span>xp<span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">r</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">ess</span>ion<span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;"> </span>du<span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">r</span>ing<span style="letter-spacing: 0.2pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.15pt;">c</span>o<span style="letter-spacing: -0.15pt;">d</span>e<span style="letter-spacing: 0.25pt;"> </span>op<span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">t</span>i<span style="letter-spacing: -0.15pt;">m</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.25pt;">i</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">z</span>a<span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">t</span>ion</span></b><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;"><o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 12.6pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 47.1pt; margin-right: 9.4pt; margin-top: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;"><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">A</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;">n<span style="letter-spacing: 2.3pt;"> </span>opt<span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">i</span>mi<span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">z</span>ing<span style="letter-spacing: 2.3pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">t</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">r</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">a</span>n<span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">s</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">f</span>o<span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">r</span>m<span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">a</span>t<span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">i</span>on<span style="letter-spacing: 2.1pt;"> </span>is<span style="letter-spacing: 2.25pt;"> </span>a<span style="letter-spacing: 2.4pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">r</span>ule<span style="letter-spacing: 2.25pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">f</span>or<span style="letter-spacing: 2.2pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">r</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">e</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">w</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">r</span>i<span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">t</span>ing<span style="letter-spacing: 2.1pt;"> </span>a<span style="letter-spacing: 2.4pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">se</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">g</span>m<span style="letter-spacing: 0.15pt;">e</span>nt<span style="letter-spacing: 2.25pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">o</span>f<span style="letter-spacing: 2.25pt;"> </span>a<span style="letter-spacing: 2.3pt;"> </span>p<span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">r</span>og<span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">r</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">a</span>m<span style="letter-spacing: 2.4pt;"> </span>to<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 102%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 47.1pt; margin-right: 9.2pt; margin-top: .3pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; tab-stops: 375.0pt; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;"><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;">i<span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">m</span>p<span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">r</span>o<span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">v</span>e <span style="letter-spacing: 1.4pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">i</span>ts <span style="letter-spacing: 1.45pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">e</span>x<span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">e</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.15pt;">c</span>u<span style="letter-spacing: -0.15pt;">t</span>ion <span style="letter-spacing: 1.55pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">e</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">f</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">f</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.15pt;">i</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.15pt;">c</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.15pt;">i</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">e</span>n<span style="letter-spacing: 0.15pt;">c</span>y <span style="letter-spacing: 1.3pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">w</span>ithout <span style="letter-spacing: 1.6pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">a</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">f</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">f</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">e</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.15pt;">c</span>ting <span style="letter-spacing: 1.45pt;"> </span>its <span style="letter-spacing: 1.6pt;"> </span>m<span style="letter-spacing: 0.15pt;">e</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">a</span>nin<span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">g</span>.<span style="letter-spacing: -2.35pt;"> </span> <span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">O</span>ne <span style="letter-spacing: 1.5pt;"> </span>of <span style="letter-spacing: 1.7pt;"> </span>t<span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">h</span>e t<span style="letter-spacing: 0.15pt;">e</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">c</span>h<span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">n</span>iqu<span style="letter-spacing: 0.15pt;">e</span>s<span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;"> </span>is<span style="letter-spacing: 0.2pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">“C</span>ommon<span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">s</span>ub<span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">e</span>xp<span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">r</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.15pt;">e</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">s</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">s</span>ion<span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">e</span>limin<span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">a</span>tion”<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 102%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 47.1pt; margin-right: 9.15pt; margin-top: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-indent: 11.3pt;"><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">I</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;">n <span style="letter-spacing: 0.35pt;"> </span>the <span style="letter-spacing: 0.55pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">e</span>xp<span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">r</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">e</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">ss</span>ion <span style="letter-spacing: 0.25pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">"(</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">a</span>+b<span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">)-(</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">a</span>+b<span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">)</span>/4<span style="letter-spacing: 0.2pt;">"</span>, <span style="letter-spacing: 0.3pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">"</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">c</span>om<span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">m</span>on <span style="letter-spacing: 0.4pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">s</span>ub<span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">e</span>xp<span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">r</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">ess</span>io<span style="letter-spacing: -0.25pt;">n</span>" <span style="letter-spacing: 0.45pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">r</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">e</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">f</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">e</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">r</span>s <span style="letter-spacing: 0.25pt;"> </span>to <span style="letter-spacing: 0.45pt;"> </span>t<span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">h</span>e dupl<span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">i</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">c</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">a</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">t</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">e</span>d <span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">"</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">(</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">a</span>+b<span style="letter-spacing: -0.15pt;">)</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.2pt;">"</span>.<span style="letter-spacing: 0.2pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">C</span>ompil<span style="letter-spacing: 0.15pt;">e</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">r</span>s<span style="letter-spacing: 0.35pt;"> </span>i<span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">m</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">p</span>l<span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">e</span>m<span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">e</span>n<span style="letter-spacing: -0.15pt;">t</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">i</span>ng<span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;"> </span>th<span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">i</span>s<span style="letter-spacing: 0.35pt;"> </span>t<span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">e</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.15pt;">c</span>h<span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">n</span>ique<span style="letter-spacing: 0.35pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.15pt;">r</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">ea</span>li<span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">z</span>e<span style="letter-spacing: 0.2pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">t</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">h</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">a</span>t<span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.2pt;">"</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.15pt;">(</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">a</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">+</span>b<span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">)</span>"<span style="letter-spacing: 0.45pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">w</span>on<span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">'</span>t <span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">c</span>h<span style="letter-spacing: 0.15pt;">a</span>n<span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">ge</span>,<span style="letter-spacing: 0.2pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">a</span>nd<span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">a</span>s<span style="letter-spacing: 0.15pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">s</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">u</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">c</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">h</span>,<span style="letter-spacing: 0.3pt;"> </span>on<span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">l</span>y<span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.15pt;">c</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">a</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.15pt;">l</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">c</span>ul<span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">a</span>te<span style="letter-spacing: 0.15pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">i</span>ts<span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">v</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.15pt;">a</span>l<span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">u</span>e<span style="letter-spacing: 0.25pt;"> </span>on<span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">ce</span>.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 47.1pt; margin-right: 234.95pt; margin-top: .3pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;"><b><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">(</span></b><b><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;">i<span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">i</span>)<span style="letter-spacing: 0.15pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">P</span>u<span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">r</span>e<span style="letter-spacing: 0.25pt;"> </span>and<span style="letter-spacing: 0.4pt;"> </span>im<span style="letter-spacing: -0.15pt;">p</span>u<span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">r</span>e<span style="letter-spacing: 0.5pt;"> </span>in<span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">t</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">e</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.15pt;">r</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.15pt;">p</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">re</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">t</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">e</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.15pt;">r</span>s</span></b><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;"><o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 102%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 47.1pt; margin-right: 9.15pt; margin-top: .05pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;"><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; letter-spacing: -0.15pt;">I</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;">n<span style="letter-spacing: 0.2pt;"> </span>a<span style="letter-spacing: 0.15pt;"> </span>pu<span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">r</span>e<span style="letter-spacing: 0.25pt;"> </span>in<span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">t</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">e</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">r</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.15pt;">p</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">r</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">e</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">t</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">e</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">r</span>,<span style="letter-spacing: 0.35pt;"> </span>the<span style="letter-spacing: 0.45pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">s</span>ou<span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">r</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">c</span>e<span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.15pt;">p</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">r</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.15pt;">o</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">g</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">r</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">a</span>m<span style="letter-spacing: 0.25pt;"> </span>is<span style="letter-spacing: 0.25pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">r</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">e</span>t<span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">a</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">i</span>n<span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">e</span>d<span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;"> i</span>n<span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;"> t</span>he <span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">s</span>ou<span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">r</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">c</span>e<span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">f</span>o<span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">r</span>m<span style="letter-spacing: 0.3pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">a</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">l</span>l<span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;"> t</span>h<span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">r</span>ou<span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">g</span>h<span style="letter-spacing: 0.2pt;"> </span>i<span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">t</span>s in<span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">t</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">e</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">r</span>p<span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">r</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">e</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">t</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">a</span>t<span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">i</span>on. <span style="letter-spacing: 0.6pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">T</span>his <span style="letter-spacing: 0.8pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">a</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">rr</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">a</span>ng<span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">e</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">m</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">e</span>nt <span style="letter-spacing: 0.7pt;"> </span>in<span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">c</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.15pt;">u</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">r</span>s <span style="letter-spacing: 0.7pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">s</span>ub<span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">s</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">t</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">a</span>nt<span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">i</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">a</span>l <span style="letter-spacing: 0.7pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">a</span>n<span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">a</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.25pt;">l</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.25pt;">y</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">s</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">i</span>s <span style="letter-spacing: 0.65pt;"> </span>ov<span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">e</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">r</span>h<span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">e</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.15pt;">a</span>ds <span style="letter-spacing: 0.75pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">w</span>h<span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">i</span>le in<span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">t</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">e</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">r</span>p<span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">r</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">e</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">t</span>i<span style="letter-spacing: 0.15pt;">n</span>g<span style="letter-spacing: 0.15pt;"> </span>a<span style="letter-spacing: 0.15pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">s</span>t<span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">a</span>t<span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">e</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">m</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">e</span>nt<span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">.A</span>n<span style="letter-spacing: 0.25pt;"> </span>i<span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">m</span>pu<span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">r</span>e<span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;"> i</span>nt<span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">e</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">r</span>p<span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">r</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">e</span>t<span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">e</span>r<span style="letter-spacing: 0.25pt;"> </span>p<span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">e</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">rf</span>o<span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">r</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">m</span>s<span style="letter-spacing: 0.3pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">s</span>o<span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">m</span>e<span style="letter-spacing: 0.25pt;"> </span>p<span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">r</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">e</span>l<span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">i</span>min<span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">a</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">r</span>y<span style="letter-spacing: 0.25pt;"> </span>p<span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">r</span>o<span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">c</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">e</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">s</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">s</span>i<span style="letter-spacing: 0.15pt;">n</span>g of<span style="letter-spacing: 1.4pt;"> </span>the <span style="letter-spacing: -1.15pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">s</span>ou<span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">r</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">c</span>e<span style="letter-spacing: 1.45pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.15pt;">p</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">r</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.15pt;">o</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">g</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">r</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">a</span>m<span style="letter-spacing: 1.55pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.25pt;">t</span>o<span style="letter-spacing: 1.4pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">r</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">e</span>du<span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">c</span>e<span style="letter-spacing: 1.4pt;"> </span>the<span style="letter-spacing: 1.75pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">a</span>n<span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">a</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.25pt;">l</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.25pt;">y</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">s</span>is<span style="letter-spacing: 1.6pt;"> </span>o<span style="letter-spacing: 0.15pt;">v</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">e</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">r</span>h<span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">e</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">a</span>ds<span style="letter-spacing: 1.6pt;"> </span>du<span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">r</span>i<span style="letter-spacing: 0.15pt;">n</span>g<span style="letter-spacing: 1.55pt;"> </span>in<span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">t</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">e</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">r</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.15pt;">p</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">r</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">e</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.25pt;">t</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">a</span>t<span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">i</span>on.<span style="letter-spacing: 1.55pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">T</span>he p<span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">r</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">e</span>p<span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">r</span>o<span style="letter-spacing: 0.15pt;">c</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">e</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">s</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">s</span>or<span style="letter-spacing: 1.3pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">c</span>on<span style="letter-spacing: 0.15pt;">v</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">e</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">r</span>ts<span style="letter-spacing: 1.25pt;"> </span>the<span style="letter-spacing: 1.5pt;"> </span>p<span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">r</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.15pt;">o</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">g</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">r</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">a</span>m<span style="letter-spacing: 1.45pt;"> </span>to<span style="letter-spacing: 1.5pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">a</span>n<span style="letter-spacing: 1.45pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">i</span>nt<span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">e</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">r</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">m</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.15pt;">e</span>di<span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">a</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">t</span>e<span style="letter-spacing: 1.3pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">r</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">e</span>p<span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">r</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">e</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">s</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">e</span>nt<span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">a</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">t</span>ion<span style="letter-spacing: 1.4pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">(</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.15pt;">I</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">R</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">)</span>,<span style="letter-spacing: 1.35pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">w</span>hi<span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">c</span>h<span style="letter-spacing: 1.35pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">i</span>s<span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;"> </span>u<span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">s</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">e</span>d<span style="letter-spacing: 1.35pt;"> </span>du<span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">r</span>i<span style="letter-spacing: 0.15pt;">n</span>g<span style="letter-spacing: 1.2pt;"> </span>in<span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">t</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">e</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">r</span>p<span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">r</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">e</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">t</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">a</span>t<span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">i</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.15pt;">o</span>n.<span style="letter-spacing: 1.45pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">T</span>h<span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">i</span>s<span style="letter-spacing: 1.35pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">s</span>p<span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">e</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">e</span>ds<span style="letter-spacing: 1.35pt;"> </span>up<span style="letter-spacing: 1.55pt;"> </span>in<span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">t</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">e</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">r</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.15pt;">p</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">r</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">e</span>t<span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">a</span>tion<span style="letter-spacing: 1.5pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">a</span>s<span style="letter-spacing: 1.35pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">t</span>he<span style="letter-spacing: 1.4pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">c</span>ode<span style="letter-spacing: 1.45pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">c</span>o<span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">m</span>pon<span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">e</span>nt<span style="letter-spacing: 1.4pt;"> </span>of<span style="letter-spacing: 0.15pt;"> </span>the<span style="letter-spacing: 2.3pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.25pt;">I</span>R<span style="letter-spacing: 2.25pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">i</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">.</span>e<span style="letter-spacing: 2.25pt;"> </span>the <span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.25pt;">I</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">C</span>, <span style="letter-spacing: -0.4pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.15pt;">c</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">a</span>n <span style="letter-spacing: -0.35pt;"> </span>be<span style="letter-spacing: 2.4pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">a</span>n<span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">a</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.25pt;">l</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.35pt;">y</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">ze</span>d<span style="letter-spacing: 2.25pt;"> </span>mo<span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">r</span>e<span style="letter-spacing: 2.45pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">e</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">ff</span>i<span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">c</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">i</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">e</span>n<span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">tl</span>y<span style="letter-spacing: 2.05pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">t</span>h<span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">a</span>n<span style="letter-spacing: 2.2pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">t</span>he<span style="letter-spacing: 2.15pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">s</span>ou<span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">r</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">c</span>e<span style="letter-spacing: 2.3pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">f</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.15pt;">o</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">r</span>m<span style="letter-spacing: 2.2pt;"> </span>of<span style="letter-spacing: 2.4pt;"> </span>the<span style="letter-spacing: 0.25pt;"> </span>p<span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">r</span>og<span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">r</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">a</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">m</span>.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 102%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 47.1pt; margin-right: 9.1pt; margin-top: .1pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;"><b><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">(</span></b><b><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;">i<span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">i</span>i<span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">)</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">Le</span>xi<span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">c</span>al<span style="letter-spacing: 1.35pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">s</span>u<span style="letter-spacing: -0.15pt;">b</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">s</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">t</span>i<span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">t</span>u<span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">t</span>ion<span style="letter-spacing: 1.3pt;"> </span>du<span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">r</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">i</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.15pt;">n</span>g<span style="letter-spacing: 1.4pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.15pt;">m</span>a<span style="letter-spacing: 0.15pt;">c</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">r</span>o<span style="letter-spacing: 1.5pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">e</span>xpa<span style="letter-spacing: -0.15pt;">n</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">s</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">i</span>on:<span style="letter-spacing: 1.25pt;"> </span></span></b><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; letter-spacing: -0.15pt;">L</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">e</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;">x<span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">i</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">c</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">a</span>l<span style="letter-spacing: 1.3pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">s</span>ub<span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">s</span>t<span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">i</span>tut<span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">i</span>on<span style="letter-spacing: 1.3pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">i</span>s<span style="letter-spacing: 1.3pt;"> </span>u<span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">s</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">e</span>d<span style="letter-spacing: 1.45pt;"> </span>to<span style="letter-spacing: 0.15pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">ge</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.15pt;">n</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">e</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">r</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">a</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">t</span>e<span style="letter-spacing: 0.4pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">a</span>n<span style="letter-spacing: 0.6pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">a</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">s</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">s</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">e</span>mb<span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">l</span>y<span style="letter-spacing: 0.35pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">s</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">t</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">a</span>t<span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">e</span>m<span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">e</span>nt<span style="letter-spacing: 0.6pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">fr</span>om<span style="letter-spacing: 0.55pt;"> </span>a<span style="letter-spacing: 0.4pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">m</span>od<span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">e</span>l<span style="letter-spacing: 0.65pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">s</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">t</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">a</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.15pt;">t</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">e</span>m<span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">e</span>nt.<span style="letter-spacing: 0.55pt;"> </span>A<span style="letter-spacing: 0.55pt;"> </span>mod<span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">e</span>l<span style="letter-spacing: 0.85pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">s</span>t<span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">a</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">t</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">e</span>m<span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">e</span>nt<span style="letter-spacing: 0.45pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">c</span>on<span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">s</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">i</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">s</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">t</span>s<span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;"> </span>of<span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;"> </span>3<span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;"> t</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.25pt;">y</span>p<span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">e</span>s<span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.15pt;">o</span>f <span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">s</span>t<span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">r</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">i</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.15pt;">n</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">g</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">s</span>:<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 58.35pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;"><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;">1.<span style="letter-spacing: 1.15pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">A</span>n<span style="letter-spacing: 0.15pt;"> </span>o<span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">r</span>d<span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">i</span>n<span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">a</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.2pt;">r</span>y <span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">s</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">t</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">r</span>i<span style="letter-spacing: 0.15pt;">n</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">g</span>,<span style="letter-spacing: 0.2pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">w</span>hi<span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">c</span>h<span style="letter-spacing: 0.3pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">s</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">t</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">a</span>nds<span style="letter-spacing: 0.15pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">f</span>or<span style="letter-spacing: 0.15pt;"> </span>it<span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">se</span>l<span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">f</span>.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 58.35pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: .3pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;"><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;">2.<span style="letter-spacing: 1.15pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">T</span>he<span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;"> </span>n<span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">a</span>me<span style="letter-spacing: 0.15pt;"> </span>of<span style="letter-spacing: 0.25pt;"> </span>a<span style="letter-spacing: 0.15pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">f</span>o<span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">r</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.25pt;">m</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">a</span>l<span style="letter-spacing: 0.15pt;"> </span>p<span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">a</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">r</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">a</span>m<span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">e</span>t<span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">e</span>r<span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">w</span>hi<span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">c</span>h<span style="letter-spacing: 0.15pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">i</span>s<span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;"> </span>p<span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">r</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">e</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">ce</span>d<span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">e</span>d<span style="letter-spacing: 0.25pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.15pt;">b</span>y the<span style="letter-spacing: 0.4pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">c</span>h<span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">a</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">r</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">a</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">c</span>t<span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">e</span>r<span style="letter-spacing: 0.2pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">‘</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">&</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">’</span>.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 58.35pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: .3pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;"><b><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;">3.<span style="letter-spacing: 1.15pt;"> </span></span></b><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">T</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;">he<span style="letter-spacing: 0.85pt;"> </span>n<span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">a</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">m</span>e<span style="letter-spacing: 1pt;"> </span>of<span style="letter-spacing: 1.1pt;"> </span>a<span style="letter-spacing: 1pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.15pt;">p</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">r</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">e</span>p<span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">r</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.15pt;">o</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">c</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">ess</span>or<span style="letter-spacing: 0.9pt;"> </span>v<span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">a</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">r</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">i</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">a</span>b<span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">l</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">e</span>,<span style="letter-spacing: 0.9pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">w</span>hi<span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">c</span>h<span style="letter-spacing: 1.15pt;"> </span>is<span style="letter-spacing: 1.05pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">a</span>l<span style="letter-spacing: 0.2pt;">s</span>o<span style="letter-spacing: 0.95pt;"> </span>p<span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">r</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">e</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.15pt;">c</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">e</span>d<span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">e</span>d<span style="letter-spacing: 1.1pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.25pt;">b</span>y<span style="letter-spacing: 0.85pt;"> </span>the<span style="letter-spacing: 1.15pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">c</span>h<span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">a</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">r</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">a</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.15pt;">c</span>t<span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">e</span>r<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 52.7pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: .3pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;"><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">‘</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">&</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">’</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;">.</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;"><o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 102%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 47.1pt; margin-right: 12.7pt; margin-top: .3pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-indent: 2.9pt;"><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">D</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;">u<span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">r</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">i</span>ng<span style="letter-spacing: 0.15pt;"> </span>l<span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">e</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.15pt;">x</span>i<span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">c</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">a</span>l<span style="letter-spacing: 0.15pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">e</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.15pt;">x</span>p<span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">a</span>n<span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">s</span>ion,<span style="letter-spacing: 0.2pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">s</span>t<span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">r</span>ings<span style="letter-spacing: 0.15pt;"> o</span>f<span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.25pt;">t</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.25pt;">y</span>pe<span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;"> </span>1<span style="letter-spacing: 0.35pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">a</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">r</span>e<span style="letter-spacing: 0.15pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">r</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">e</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">t</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">a</span>in<span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">e</span>d<span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;"> w</span>ithout<span style="letter-spacing: 0.25pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">s</span>ub<span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">s</span>ti<span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">t</span>uti<span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">o</span>n.<span style="letter-spacing: 0.2pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">S</span>t<span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">r</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">i</span>n<span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">g</span>s<span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;"> </span>of <span style="letter-spacing: 1.2pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.25pt;">t</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.25pt;">y</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.15pt;">p</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">e</span>s <span style="letter-spacing: 1.3pt;"> </span>2 <span style="letter-spacing: 1.45pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">a</span>nd <span style="letter-spacing: 1.45pt;"> </span>3 <span style="letter-spacing: 1.45pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">a</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">r</span>e <span style="letter-spacing: 1.25pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">r</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">e</span>pl<span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">ac</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">e</span>d <span style="letter-spacing: 1.4pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.25pt;">b</span>y <span style="letter-spacing: 1.1pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">t</span>he <span style="letter-spacing: 1.3pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">‘</span>v<span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">a</span>lu<span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">es</span>’ <span style="letter-spacing: 1.25pt;"> </span>of <span style="letter-spacing: 1.45pt;"> </span>the <span style="letter-spacing: 1.4pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">f</span>o<span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">r</span>m<span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">a</span>l <span style="letter-spacing: 1.25pt;"> </span>p<span style="letter-spacing: 0.15pt;">a</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">r</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">a</span>m<span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">e</span>t<span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">e</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">r</span>s <span style="letter-spacing: 1.4pt;"> </span>or<span style="letter-spacing: 0.15pt;"> </span>p<span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">r</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">e</span>p<span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">r</span>o<span style="letter-spacing: 0.15pt;">c</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">e</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">s</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">s</span>or<span style="letter-spacing: 0.6pt;"> </span>v<span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">a</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">r</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">i</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">a</span>bl<span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">e</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">s</span>.<span style="letter-spacing: 0.65pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">T</span>he<span style="letter-spacing: 0.65pt;"> </span>v<span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">a</span>lue<span style="letter-spacing: 0.65pt;"> </span>of<span style="letter-spacing: 0.6pt;"> </span>a<span style="letter-spacing: 0.65pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">f</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.15pt;">o</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">r</span>m<span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">a</span>l<span style="letter-spacing: 0.55pt;"> </span>p<span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">a</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">r</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.15pt;">a</span>m<span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">e</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">t</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">e</span>r<span style="letter-spacing: 0.55pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">i</span>s<span style="letter-spacing: 0.6pt;"> </span>the<span style="letter-spacing: 0.8pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">c</span>o<span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">r</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">r</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">e</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">s</span>ponding<span style="letter-spacing: 0.6pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">a</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">c</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">t</span>u<span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">a</span>l<span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;"> </span>p<span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">a</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">r</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">a</span>m<span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">e</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">t</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">e</span>r<span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">s</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">t</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">r</span>i<span style="letter-spacing: 0.15pt;">n</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">g</span>.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 12.6pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 47.1pt; margin-right: 9.55pt; margin-top: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;"><b><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">(</span></b><b><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;">iv)<span style="letter-spacing: 1.8pt;"> </span>Ov<span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">e</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.15pt;">r</span>lay<span style="letter-spacing: 2.05pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">st</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.15pt;">r</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.15pt;">u</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.15pt;">c</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">t</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.15pt;">u</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.15pt;">r</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">e</span>d<span style="letter-spacing: 1.65pt;"> </span>p<span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">r</span>og<span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">r</span>am:<span style="letter-spacing: 1.85pt;"> </span></span></b><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;">A<span style="letter-spacing: 1.85pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.15pt;">p</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">r</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.15pt;">o</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">g</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">r</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">a</span>m<span style="letter-spacing: 2pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">c</span>ont<span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">a</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">i</span>ning<span style="letter-spacing: 1.65pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.15pt;">o</span>v<span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">e</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">r</span>l<span style="letter-spacing: 0.15pt;">a</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.25pt;">y</span>s<span style="letter-spacing: 2.1pt;"> </span>is<span style="letter-spacing: 1.9pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">r</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">e</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">f</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">e</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">r</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">r</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">e</span>d<span style="letter-spacing: 1.85pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">a</span>s<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 102%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 47.1pt; margin-right: 9.35pt; margin-top: .3pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;"><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;">ov<span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">e</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">r</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">l</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.15pt;">a</span>y<span style="letter-spacing: 1.75pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">s</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">t</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">r</span>u<span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">c</span>tu<span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">r</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">e</span>d<span style="letter-spacing: 1.8pt;"> </span>p<span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">r</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.15pt;">o</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">g</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">r</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">a</span>m<span style="letter-spacing: 1.9pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">w</span>h<span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">e</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">r</span>e<span style="letter-spacing: 2pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">a</span>n<span style="letter-spacing: 1.9pt;"> </span>ov<span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">e</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">r</span>l<span style="letter-spacing: 0.3pt;">a</span>y<span style="letter-spacing: 1.65pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">i</span>s<span style="letter-spacing: 1.8pt;"> </span>a<span style="letter-spacing: 1.8pt;"> </span>p<span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">a</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">r</span>t<span style="letter-spacing: 1.9pt;"> </span>of<span style="letter-spacing: 1.8pt;"> </span>p<span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">r</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.15pt;">o</span>g<span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">r</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">a</span>m<span style="letter-spacing: 1.8pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">w</span>h<span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">i</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">c</span>h<span style="letter-spacing: 1.85pt;"> </span>h<span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">a</span>s<span style="letter-spacing: 1.85pt;"> </span>the<span style="letter-spacing: 0.25pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">s</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">a</span>me<span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">l</span>o<span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">a</span>d o<span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">r</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.25pt;">i</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">g</span>in<span style="letter-spacing: 0.25pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">a</span>s<span style="letter-spacing: 0.15pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">s</span>ome<span style="letter-spacing: 0.25pt;"> </span>oth<span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">e</span>r<span style="letter-spacing: 0.25pt;"> </span>p<span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">a</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">r</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">t</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">(s</span>)<span style="letter-spacing: 0.3pt;"> </span>of<span style="letter-spacing: 0.15pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">t</span>he<span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;"> </span>p<span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">r</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.15pt;">o</span>g<span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">r</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">a</span>m.<span style="letter-spacing: 0.2pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">S</span>u<span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">c</span>h<span style="letter-spacing: 0.25pt;"> </span>a<span style="letter-spacing: 0.15pt;"> </span>p<span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">r</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.15pt;">o</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">g</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">r</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">a</span>m<span style="letter-spacing: 0.25pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">c</span>on<span style="letter-spacing: 0.2pt;">s</span>i<span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">s</span>ts<span style="letter-spacing: 0.15pt;"> </span>of<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 47.1pt; margin-right: 171.6pt; margin-top: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;"><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;">1. A<span style="letter-spacing: 0.2pt;"> </span>p<span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">e</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">r</span>m<span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">a</span>n<span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">e</span>nt<span style="letter-spacing: 0.25pt;">l</span>y <span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">r</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">e</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">s</span>id<span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">e</span>nt<span style="letter-spacing: 0.15pt;"> p</span>o<span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">r</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">t</span>ion,<span style="letter-spacing: 0.2pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">c</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">a</span>ll<span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">e</span>d<span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;"> </span>the<span style="letter-spacing: 0.3pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">r</span>oot<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 47.1pt; margin-right: 306.35pt; margin-top: .3pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;"><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;">2. A<span style="letter-spacing: 0.2pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">s</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">e</span>t<span style="letter-spacing: 0.2pt;"> </span>of<span style="letter-spacing: 0.25pt;"> </span>ov<span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">e</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">r</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">l</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.15pt;">a</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.25pt;">y</span>s<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 102%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 47.1pt; margin-right: 9.1pt; margin-top: .3pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;"><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">T</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;">he<span style="letter-spacing: 1.75pt;"> </span>ov<span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">e</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">r</span>l<span style="letter-spacing: 0.15pt;">a</span>y<span style="letter-spacing: 1.55pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">s</span>t<span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">r</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.15pt;">u</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">c</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">t</span>u<span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">r</span>e<span style="letter-spacing: 1.6pt;"> </span>of<span style="letter-spacing: 1.9pt;"> </span>a<span style="letter-spacing: 1.7pt;"> </span>p<span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">r</span>o<span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">g</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">r</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">a</span>m<span style="letter-spacing: 1.8pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">i</span>s<span style="letter-spacing: 1.65pt;"> </span>d<span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">e</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">s</span>i<span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">g</span>n<span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">e</span>d<span style="letter-spacing: 1.9pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.15pt;">b</span>y<span style="letter-spacing: 1.45pt;"> </span>i<span style="letter-spacing: 0.15pt;">d</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">e</span>n<span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">t</span>i<span style="letter-spacing: 0.2pt;">f</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.35pt;">y</span>i<span style="letter-spacing: 0.15pt;">n</span>g<span style="letter-spacing: 1.6pt;"> </span>mutu<span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">a</span>l<span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">l</span>y<span style="letter-spacing: 1.95pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">e</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.15pt;">x</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">c</span>lu<span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">s</span>ive modu<span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">l</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">e</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">s</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">-</span>th<span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">a</span>t<span style="letter-spacing: 1.9pt;"> </span>i<span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">s</span>,<span style="letter-spacing: 1.9pt;"> </span>modu<span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">l</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.2pt;">e</span>s<span style="letter-spacing: 2.3pt;"> </span>th<span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">a</span>t<span style="letter-spacing: 2.05pt;"> </span>do<span style="letter-spacing: 1.9pt;"> </span>not<span style="letter-spacing: 2.15pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">c</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">a</span>ll<span style="letter-spacing: 2pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">ea</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">c</span>h<span style="letter-spacing: 1.8pt;"> </span>oth<span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">e</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">r</span>.<span style="letter-spacing: 2.1pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">T</span>he<span style="letter-spacing: 1.95pt;"> </span>b<span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">a</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">s</span>ic<span style="letter-spacing: 1.95pt;"> </span>id<span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">e</span>a<span style="letter-spacing: 1.85pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">i</span>s<span style="letter-spacing: 1.9pt;"> </span>th<span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">a</span>t<span style="letter-spacing: 1.95pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">s</span>u<span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">c</span>h<span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;"> </span>modu<span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">l</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">e</span>s<span style="letter-spacing: 0.55pt;"> </span>do<span style="letter-spacing: 0.7pt;"> </span>not<span style="letter-spacing: 0.85pt;"> </span>n<span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">e</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">e</span>d<span style="letter-spacing: 0.7pt;"> </span>to<span style="letter-spacing: 0.65pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">r</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">e</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">s</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">i</span>de<span style="letter-spacing: 0.45pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">s</span>i<span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">m</span>ult<span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">a</span>n<span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">e</span>ou<span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">s</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">l</span>y<span style="letter-spacing: 0.5pt;"> </span>in<span style="letter-spacing: 0.9pt;"> </span>m<span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">e</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">m</span>o<span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">r</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.25pt;">y</span>.<span style="letter-spacing: 0.7pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">H</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">e</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.15pt;">n</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">c</span>e<span style="letter-spacing: 0.55pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">t</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.15pt;">he</span>y<span style="letter-spacing: 0.3pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.15pt;">a</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">r</span>e<span style="letter-spacing: 0.65pt;"> </span>lo<span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">c</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">a</span>t<span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">e</span>d<span style="letter-spacing: 0.65pt;"> </span>in di<span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">ff</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">e</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">r</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">e</span>nt<span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;"> </span>o<span style="letter-spacing: 0.15pt;">v</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">e</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">r</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">l</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.15pt;">a</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.25pt;">y</span>s<span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;"> w</span>ith<span style="letter-spacing: 0.3pt;"> </span>t<span style="letter-spacing: 0.15pt;">h</span>e<span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">s</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">a</span>me<span style="letter-spacing: 0.15pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">l</span>o<span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">a</span>d<span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;"> </span>o<span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">r</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.25pt;">i</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">g</span>in.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 47.1pt; margin-right: 171.75pt; margin-top: .1pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;"><b><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">(</span></b><b><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;">v)<span style="letter-spacing: 0.25pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">F</span>a<span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">c</span>ili<span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">t</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">i</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">e</span>s<span style="letter-spacing: 0.15pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">o</span>f<span style="letter-spacing: 0.3pt;"> </span>a<span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;"> </span>d<span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">e</span>b<span style="letter-spacing: -0.15pt;">u</span>g<span style="letter-spacing: 0.25pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.15pt;">m</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.15pt;">o</span>ni<span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">t</span>or<span style="letter-spacing: 0.45pt;"> </span></span></b><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">a</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">r</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;">e<span style="letter-spacing: 0.15pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">a</span>s<span style="letter-spacing: 0.15pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">f</span>o<span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">l</span>lo<span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">w</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">s</span>:<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 47.1pt; margin-right: 226.45pt; margin-top: .3pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;"><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">a</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;">.<span style="letter-spacing: 0.9pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">S</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">e</span>t<span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">t</span>ing<span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;"> </span>b<span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">r</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">ea</span>kpo<span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">i</span>nts<span style="letter-spacing: 0.15pt;"> </span>in<span style="letter-spacing: 0.3pt;"> </span>t<span style="letter-spacing: 0.15pt;">h</span>e<span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;"> </span>p<span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">r</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.15pt;">o</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">g</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">r</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">a</span>m<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 47.1pt; margin-right: 85.25pt; margin-top: .3pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;"><b><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;">b.<span style="letter-spacing: -0.55pt;"> </span></span></b><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; letter-spacing: -0.15pt;">I</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;">ni<span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">t</span>i<span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">a</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">t</span>i<span style="letter-spacing: 0.15pt;">n</span>g<span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;"> </span>a<span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;"> </span>d<span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">e</span>b<span style="letter-spacing: 0.15pt;">u</span>g<span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">c</span>onv<span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">e</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">r</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">s</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">a</span>t<span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">i</span>on<span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">w</span>h<span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">e</span>n<span style="letter-spacing: 0.3pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">c</span>ont<span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">r</span>ol<span style="letter-spacing: 0.2pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">r</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">eac</span>h<span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">e</span>s<span style="letter-spacing: 0.25pt;"> </span>a<span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;"> </span>b<span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">r</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.15pt;">e</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">a</span>kpoint<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 47.1pt; margin-right: 246.1pt; margin-top: .3pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;"><b><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">c</span></b><b><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;">.<span style="letter-spacing: 0.9pt;"> </span></span></b><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">D</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;">i<span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">s</span>pl<span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">a</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.25pt;">y</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">i</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.15pt;">n</span>g<span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;"> </span>v<span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">a</span>lu<span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">e</span>s<span style="letter-spacing: 0.15pt;"> o</span>f<span style="letter-spacing: 0.2pt;"> </span>v<span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">a</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">r</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.25pt;">i</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">a</span>bl<span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">e</span>s<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 47.1pt; margin-right: 228.95pt; margin-top: .3pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;"><b><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;">d.<span style="letter-spacing: -0.55pt;"> </span></span></b><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">A</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">s</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">s</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;">i<span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">g</span>n<span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">i</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.15pt;">n</span>g<span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;"> </span>n<span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">e</span>w<span style="letter-spacing: 0.15pt;"> v</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">a</span>lu<span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">e</span>s<span style="letter-spacing: 0.15pt;"> </span>to<span style="letter-spacing: 0.4pt;"> </span>v<span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">a</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">r</span>i<span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">a</span>bl<span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">e</span>s<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 47.1pt; margin-right: 42.35pt; margin-top: .3pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;"><b><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">e</span></b><b><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;">.<span style="letter-spacing: 0.9pt;"> </span></span></b><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">T</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">e</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">s</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">t</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;">ing<span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;"> </span>u<span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">s</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.15pt;">e</span>r<span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;"> </span>d<span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">e</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">f</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">i</span>n<span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">e</span>d<span style="letter-spacing: 0.35pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">a</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">s</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">s</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.15pt;">e</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">r</span>tions<span style="letter-spacing: 0.15pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">a</span>nd<span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;"> </span>p<span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">r</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">e</span>di<span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">c</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">a</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">t</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">e</span>s<span style="letter-spacing: 0.15pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">i</span>nvolving<span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;"> </span>p<span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">r</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.15pt;">o</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">g</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">r</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">a</span>m<span style="letter-spacing: 0.25pt;"> </span>v<span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">a</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">r</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">i</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">a</span>bl<span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">es</span>.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 47.1pt; margin-right: 108.85pt; margin-top: .3pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;"><b><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">(</span></b><b><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;">vi)<span style="letter-spacing: 0.25pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">Ac</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">t</span>ion<span style="letter-spacing: 0.25pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">o</span>f<span style="letter-spacing: 0.3pt;"> </span>an<span style="letter-spacing: 0.2pt;"> </span>in<span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">t</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">e</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.15pt;">r</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">r</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.15pt;">up</span>t<span style="letter-spacing: 0.35pt;"> </span>p<span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">r</span>o<span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">ces</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">s</span>ing<span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.15pt;">r</span>o<span style="letter-spacing: -0.15pt;">u</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">t</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">i</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.15pt;">n</span>e<span style="letter-spacing: 0.4pt;"> </span></span></b><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">a</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">r</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;">e<span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;"> a</span>s<span style="letter-spacing: 0.15pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">f</span>ol<span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">l</span>o<span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">w</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">s</span>:<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 102%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 47.1pt; margin-right: 12.85pt; margin-top: .3pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;"><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;">1. <span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">S</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">a</span>ve<span style="letter-spacing: 0.75pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">c</span>ont<span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">e</span>nts<span style="letter-spacing: 0.75pt;"> </span>of<span style="letter-spacing: 0.75pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">C</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">P</span>U<span style="letter-spacing: 0.8pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">r</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">e</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">g</span>i<span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">s</span>t<span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">e</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">rs</span>.<span style="letter-spacing: 0.75pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">T</span>h<span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">i</span>s<span style="letter-spacing: 0.65pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.15pt;">a</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">c</span>t<span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">i</span>on<span style="letter-spacing: 0.7pt;"> </span>is<span style="letter-spacing: 0.8pt;"> </span>not<span style="letter-spacing: 0.85pt;"> </span>n<span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">ec</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">e</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">s</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">sa</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.2pt;">r</span>y<span style="letter-spacing: 0.6pt;"> </span>if<span style="letter-spacing: 0.7pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">t</span>he<span style="letter-spacing: 0.6pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">C</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">P</span>U<span style="letter-spacing: 0.8pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">r</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">e</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">g</span>i<span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">s</span>t<span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">e</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">r</span>s <span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">a</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">r</span>e<span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;"> s</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">a</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.15pt;">v</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">e</span>d <span style="letter-spacing: 0.25pt;">b</span>y the<span style="letter-spacing: 0.3pt;"> </span>int<span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">e</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">r</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">r</span>upt<span style="letter-spacing: 0.3pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">ac</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">t</span>ion<span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;"> i</span>t<span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">s</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">e</span>l<span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">f</span>.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 102%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 47.1pt; margin-right: 12.75pt; margin-top: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;"><b><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;">2. </span></b><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">P</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">r</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;">o<span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">ce</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">s</span>s<span style="letter-spacing: 1.95pt;"> </span>the<span style="letter-spacing: 2.2pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">i</span>nt<span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">e</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">rr</span>upt<span style="letter-spacing: 2.1pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">a</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.15pt;">n</span>d<span style="letter-spacing: 2.05pt;"> </span>t<span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">a</span>ke<span style="letter-spacing: 2pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">a</span>pp<span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">r</span>o<span style="letter-spacing: 0.15pt;">p</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">r</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">i</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">a</span>te<span style="letter-spacing: 2.05pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">a</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">c</span>ti<span style="letter-spacing: 0.15pt;">o</span>n<span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">s</span>.<span style="letter-spacing: 1.95pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">T</span>he<span style="letter-spacing: 1.95pt;"> </span>in<span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">t</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">e</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">rr</span>upt<span style="letter-spacing: 2.2pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">c</span>ode<span style="letter-spacing: 2.05pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">f</span>i<span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">e</span>ld<span style="letter-spacing: 1.85pt;"> </span>of<span style="letter-spacing: 0.15pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">s</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">a</span>v<span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">e</span>d <span style="letter-spacing: -0.7pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">PS</span>W <span style="letter-spacing: 1.95pt;"> </span>in<span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">f</span>o<span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">r</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">m</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">a</span>t<span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">i</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">o</span>n <span style="letter-spacing: 1.95pt;"> </span>unit <span style="letter-spacing: 2.1pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">c</span>o<span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">rr</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">e</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">s</span>pondi<span style="letter-spacing: 0.15pt;">n</span>g <span style="letter-spacing: 1.8pt;"> </span>to <span style="letter-spacing: 1.95pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">t</span>his <span style="letter-spacing: 1.9pt;"> </span>int<span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">e</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">rr</span>upt <span style="letter-spacing: 2pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">c</span>on<span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">t</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">a</span>ins <span style="letter-spacing: 1.95pt;"> </span>u<span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">s</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">e</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">f</span>ul<span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;"> </span>in<span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">f</span>o<span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">r</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">m</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">a</span>t<span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">i</span>on <span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">f</span>or<span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;"> </span>this<span style="letter-spacing: 0.5pt;"> </span>pu<span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">r</span>po<span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">se</span>.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 12.6pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 47.1pt; margin-right: 232.15pt; margin-top: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;"><b><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;">3. </span></b><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">R</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">e</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">t</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;">u<span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">r</span>n<span style="letter-spacing: 0.15pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">fr</span>om<span style="letter-spacing: 0.2pt;"> </span>in<span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">t</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">e</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">rr</span>upt<span style="letter-spacing: 0.25pt;"> </span>p<span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">r</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.15pt;">o</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">c</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">e</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">s</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">s</span>in<span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">g</span>.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 47.1pt; margin-right: 239.4pt; margin-top: .4pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;"><b><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">(</span></b><b><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;">vi<span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">i</span>)<span style="letter-spacing: 0.15pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">Re</span>al<span style="letter-spacing: 0.25pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">t</span>i<span style="letter-spacing: -0.15pt;">m</span>e<span style="letter-spacing: 0.2pt;"> </span>op<span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">er</span>a<span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">t</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">i</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.15pt;">n</span>g<span style="letter-spacing: 0.35pt;"> </span>Sy<span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">st</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.15pt;">e</span>m</span></b><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;"><o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 8.5pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: .5pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;"><br />
</div><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 212.15pt; margin-right: 215.9pt; margin-top: 1.4pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: center; text-autospace: none;"><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;">21</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></div><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 11pt;"><br clear="all" style="mso-break-type: section-break; page-break-before: always;" /> </span> <br />
<div class="WordSection7"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 7.6pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 3.0pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; tab-stops: 246.0pt; text-autospace: none;"><b><u><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">D</span></u></b><b><u><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">C</span></u></b><b><u><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;">14 <span style="letter-spacing: -0.15pt;">S</span>y<span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">s</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">t</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">e</span>m<span style="letter-spacing: 0.15pt;"> </span>So<span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">f</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">t</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">w</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">a</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.15pt;">r</span>e and<span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">O</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.15pt;">p</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">er</span>a<span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">t</span>ing<span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;"> </span>Sy<span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">s</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">t</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">e</span>m</span></u></b><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;"><o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 11.0pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: .6pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 102%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 47.1pt; margin-right: 9.1pt; margin-top: 1.4pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;"><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;">A<span style="letter-spacing: 1.75pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">r</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">e</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">a</span>l<span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">-</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">t</span>ime<span style="letter-spacing: 1.9pt;"> </span>op<span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">e</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">r</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">a</span>ting<span style="letter-spacing: 2pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">s</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.25pt;">y</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.2pt;">s</span>t<span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">e</span>m<span style="letter-spacing: 1.9pt;"> </span>h<span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">a</span>s<span style="letter-spacing: 1.95pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">w</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">e</span>l<span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">l</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">-</span>d<span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">e</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">f</span>in<span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">e</span>d,<span style="letter-spacing: 2.15pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">f</span>i<span style="letter-spacing: 0.15pt;">x</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">e</span>d<span style="letter-spacing: 2pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.15pt;">t</span>i<span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">m</span>e<span style="letter-spacing: 1.75pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">c</span>on<span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">s</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">t</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">r</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">a</span>in<span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">t</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">s</span>.<span style="letter-spacing: 1.85pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">P</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">r</span>o<span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">c</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">e</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">s</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">s</span>ing<span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;"> </span>mu<span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">s</span>t<span style="letter-spacing: 1.9pt;"> </span>be <span style="letter-spacing: -0.65pt;"> </span>done<span style="letter-spacing: 2.1pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">w</span>i<span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">t</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">h</span>in<span style="letter-spacing: 1.95pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">t</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">h</span>e<span style="letter-spacing: 1.9pt;"> </span>d<span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">e</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">f</span>in<span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">e</span>d<span style="letter-spacing: 1.9pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">c</span>on<span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">s</span>t<span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">r</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">a</span>int<span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">s</span>,<span style="letter-spacing: 1.95pt;"> </span>or<span style="letter-spacing: 1.9pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">t</span>he<span style="letter-spacing: 1.9pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">s</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.35pt;">y</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">s</span>t<span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">e</span>m<span style="letter-spacing: 1.9pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">w</span>i<span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">l</span>l<span style="letter-spacing: 1.95pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">f</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">a</span>il.<span style="letter-spacing: 1.9pt;"> </span>A<span style="letter-spacing: 2.1pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">r</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">ea</span>l<span style="letter-spacing: 1.95pt;"> </span>t<span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">i</span>me<span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.2pt;">s</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.25pt;">y</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">s</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">t</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">e</span>m<span style="letter-spacing: 0.85pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">i</span>s<span style="letter-spacing: 0.9pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">c</span>on<span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">s</span>id<span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">e</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">r</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">e</span>d<span style="letter-spacing: 0.95pt;"> </span>to<span style="letter-spacing: 1pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">f</span>un<span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">c</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">t</span>ion<span style="letter-spacing: 0.9pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">c</span>o<span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">rr</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.15pt;">e</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">c</span>t<span style="letter-spacing: 0.25pt;">l</span>y<span style="letter-spacing: 0.85pt;"> </span>on<span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">l</span>y<span style="letter-spacing: 0.8pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.25pt;">i</span>f<span style="letter-spacing: 1pt;"> </span>it<span style="letter-spacing: 0.95pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">r</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">e</span>tu<span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">r</span>ns<span style="letter-spacing: 0.95pt;"> </span>the<span style="letter-spacing: 1.15pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">c</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.15pt;">o</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">rr</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">ec</span>t<span style="letter-spacing: 0.95pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">r</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">e</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.2pt;">s</span>ult<span style="letter-spacing: 1pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">w</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">i</span>thin<span style="letter-spacing: 0.15pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">a</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.15pt;">n</span>y<span style="letter-spacing: 0.5pt;"> </span>ti<span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">m</span>e<span style="letter-spacing: 0.55pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">c</span>on<span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">s</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">t</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">r</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">a</span>in<span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">t</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">s</span>.<span style="letter-spacing: 0.8pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">S</span>o<span style="letter-spacing: 0.6pt;"> </span>the<span style="letter-spacing: 0.9pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">f</span>ollo<span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">w</span>ing<span style="letter-spacing: 0.65pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">f</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">ea</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">t</span>u<span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">r</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">e</span>s<span style="letter-spacing: 0.7pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">a</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">r</span>e<span style="letter-spacing: 0.75pt;"> </span>d<span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">e</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">s</span>i<span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">r</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">a</span>b<span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">l</span>e<span style="letter-spacing: 0.65pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">i</span>n<span style="letter-spacing: 0.65pt;"> </span>a<span style="letter-spacing: 0.65pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">r</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">e</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">a</span>l<span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">-</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">t</span>ime<span style="letter-spacing: 0.7pt;"> </span>op<span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">e</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">r</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">a</span>ting<span style="letter-spacing: 0.2pt;"> s</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.25pt;">y</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">s</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">t</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">e</span>m:<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 47.1pt; margin-right: 223.5pt; margin-top: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;"><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;">1. <span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">M</span>ult<span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">i</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">-</span>t<span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">a</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">s</span>king<span style="letter-spacing: 0.2pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">w</span>ith<span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">i</span>n<span style="letter-spacing: 0.15pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">a</span>n<span style="letter-spacing: 0.25pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">a</span>ppl<span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">i</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">c</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">a</span>tion<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 47.1pt; margin-right: 210.7pt; margin-top: .3pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;"><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;">2. <span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">A</span>bil<span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">it</span>y<span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;"> </span>to<span style="letter-spacing: 0.15pt;"> d</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">e</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">f</span>ine<span style="letter-spacing: 0.15pt;"> </span>the<span style="letter-spacing: 0.3pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.15pt;">p</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">r</span>io<span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">r</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">i</span>ti<span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">e</span>s<span style="letter-spacing: 0.15pt;"> </span>of<span style="letter-spacing: 0.15pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">t</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">a</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">s</span>ks<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 47.1pt; margin-right: 172.1pt; margin-top: .4pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;"><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;">3. <span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">P</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">r</span>io<span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">r</span>i<span style="letter-spacing: 0.25pt;">t</span>y<span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;"> </span>d<span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">r</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">i</span>v<span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">e</span>n<span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;"> </span>or<span style="letter-spacing: 0.25pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.15pt;">d</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">e</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">a</span>dli<span style="letter-spacing: 0.15pt;">n</span>e<span style="letter-spacing: 0.15pt;"> </span>o<span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">r</span>i<span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">e</span>nt<span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">e</span>d<span style="letter-spacing: 0.25pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">s</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">c</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.15pt;">h</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">e</span>du<span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">l</span>ing<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 47.1pt; margin-right: 241.05pt; margin-top: .3pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;"><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;">4. <span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">P</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">r</span>o<span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">g</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">r</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">a</span>m<span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">m</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">e</span>r<span style="letter-spacing: 0.2pt;"> </span>d<span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">e</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">f</span>in<span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">e</span>d<span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;"> </span>in<span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">t</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">e</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">rr</span>upt<span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">s</span>.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 102%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 47.1pt; margin-right: 9.4pt; margin-top: .3pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;"><b><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">(</span></b><b><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;">vi<span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">i</span>i) <span style="letter-spacing: 2.3pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">f</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">o</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">r</span>k<span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">-j</span>oin <span style="letter-spacing: 2.3pt;"> </span></span></b><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">a</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">r</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;">e <span style="letter-spacing: 2.3pt;"> </span>p<span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">r</span>i<span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">m</span>it<span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">i</span>v<span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">e</span>s <span style="letter-spacing: 2.35pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">i</span>n <span style="letter-spacing: 2.1pt;"> </span>a <span style="letter-spacing: 2.45pt;"> </span>hi<span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">g</span>h<span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">e</span>r <span style="letter-spacing: 2.4pt;"> </span>l<span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">e</span>v<span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">e</span>l <span style="letter-spacing: 2.35pt;"> </span>p<span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">r</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.15pt;">o</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">g</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">r</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">a</span>mm<span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">i</span>ng <span style="letter-spacing: 2.3pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">l</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">a</span>n<span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">g</span>u<span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">a</span>ge <span style="letter-spacing: 2.25pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">f</span>or i<span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">m</span>pl<span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">e</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">m</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">e</span>nt<span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">i</span>ng<span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">i</span>nt<span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">e</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">r</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.15pt;">a</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">c</span>t<span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">i</span>ng<span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;"> </span>p<span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">r</span>o<span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">c</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">e</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">s</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">s</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">e</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">s</span>.<span style="letter-spacing: 0.2pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">T</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.15pt;">h</span>e<span style="letter-spacing: 0.15pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.3pt;">s</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.25pt;">y</span>nt<span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">a</span>x<span style="letter-spacing: 0.25pt;"> </span>is<span style="letter-spacing: 0.35pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">a</span>s<span style="letter-spacing: 0.15pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">f</span>ol<span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">l</span>o<span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">w</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">s</span>:<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 47.1pt; margin-right: 334.75pt; margin-top: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;"><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">f</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;">o<span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">r</span>k<span style="letter-spacing: 0.2pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;"><</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">l</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">a</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.15pt;">b</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">e</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">l</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">></span>;<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 47.1pt; margin-right: 343.7pt; margin-top: .3pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;"><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;">jo<span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">i</span>n<span style="letter-spacing: 0.15pt;"> </span><v<span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;">a</v<span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">r</span>>;</span><o:p></o:p></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 102%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 47.1pt; margin-right: 12.45pt; margin-top: .3pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;"><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">w</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;">h<span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">e</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">r</span>e<span style="letter-spacing: 1.4pt;"> </span><l<span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;">a</l<span></span>b<span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">e</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">l</span>><span style="letter-spacing: 1.35pt;"> </span>is<span style="letter-spacing: 1.3pt;"> </span>a<span style="letter-spacing: 1.45pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">l</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">a</span>b<span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">e</span>l<span style="letter-spacing: 1.5pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">a</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">s</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">s</span>o<span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">c</span>i<span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">a</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">t</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">e</span>d<span style="letter-spacing: 1.3pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">w</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">i</span>th<span style="letter-spacing: 1.35pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">s</span>o<span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">m</span>e<span style="letter-spacing: 1.45pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.15pt;">p</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">r</span>og<span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">r</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">a</span>m<span style="letter-spacing: 1.3pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">s</span>t<span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">a</span>t<span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">e</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">m</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">e</span>nt,<span style="letter-spacing: 1.5pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">a</span>nd<span style="letter-spacing: 1.3pt;"> </span><v<span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;">a<span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">r</span>><span style="letter-spacing: 1.55pt;"> </span>is<span style="letter-spacing: 1.4pt;"> </span>a<span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;"> </span>v<span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">a</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">r</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">i</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">a</span>bl<span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">e</span>. <span style="letter-spacing: 0.45pt;"> </span>A <span style="letter-spacing: 0.55pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">s</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">t</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">a</span>t<span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">e</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">m</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">e</span>nt <span style="letter-spacing: 0.45pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">f</span>o<span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">r</span>k <span style="letter-spacing: 0.45pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">l</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">a</span>b<span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">e</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">l</span>1 <span style="letter-spacing: 0.55pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">ca</span>u<span style="letter-spacing: 0.2pt;">s</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">e</span>s <span style="letter-spacing: 0.55pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">c</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">r</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">ea</span>tion <span style="letter-spacing: 0.5pt;"> </span>of <span style="letter-spacing: 0.6pt;"> </span>a <span style="letter-spacing: 0.4pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.15pt;">n</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">e</span>w <span style="letter-spacing: 0.4pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.15pt;">p</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">r</span>o<span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">c</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">e</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">s</span>s <span style="letter-spacing: 0.55pt;"> </span>th<span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">a</span>t <span style="letter-spacing: 0.5pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">s</span>t<span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">a</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">r</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">t</span>s <span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">e</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.15pt;">x</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">e</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">c</span>ut<span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">i</span>ng<span style="letter-spacing: 0.4pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">a</span>t<span style="letter-spacing: 0.7pt;"> </span>the<span style="letter-spacing: 0.65pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">s</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">t</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">a</span>t<span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">e</span>m<span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">e</span>nt<span style="letter-spacing: 0.7pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">w</span>ith<span style="letter-spacing: 0.75pt;"> </span>the<span style="letter-spacing: 0.8pt;"> </span>l<span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">a</span>b<span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">e</span>l<span style="letter-spacing: 0.55pt;"> </span>l<span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">a</span>b<span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">e</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">l</span>1.<span style="letter-spacing: 0.6pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">T</span>his<span style="letter-spacing: 0.65pt;"> </span>p<span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">r</span>o<span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">c</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">e</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">s</span>s<span style="letter-spacing: 0.65pt;"> </span>is<span style="letter-spacing: 0.7pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">c</span>o<span style="letter-spacing: 0.15pt;">n</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">c</span>u<span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">r</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">r</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">e</span>nt<span style="letter-spacing: 0.7pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">w</span>ith<span style="letter-spacing: 0.65pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">t</span>he<span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;"> </span>p<span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">r</span>o<span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">c</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">e</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">s</span>s<span style="letter-spacing: 0.55pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">w</span>hi<span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">c</span>h<span style="letter-spacing: 0.65pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">e</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.15pt;">x</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">e</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">c</span>ut<span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">e</span>d<span style="letter-spacing: 0.5pt;"> </span>the<span style="letter-spacing: 0.8pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">s</span>t<span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">a</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">t</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">e</span>m<span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">e</span>nt<span style="letter-spacing: 0.6pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">f</span>o<span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">r</span>k<span style="letter-spacing: 0.55pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">l</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">a</span>b<span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">e</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">l</span>1<span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">.</span>A<span style="letter-spacing: 0.55pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">j</span>oin<span style="letter-spacing: 0.55pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">s</span>t<span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">a</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">t</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">e</span>m<span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">e</span>nt<span style="letter-spacing: 0.45pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.2pt;">s</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.35pt;">y</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.15pt;">n</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">c</span>h<span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">r</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.15pt;">o</span>ni<span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">ze</span>s<span style="letter-spacing: 0.55pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">t</span>he bi<span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">r</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">t</span>h of<span style="letter-spacing: 0.25pt;"> </span>a<span style="letter-spacing: 0.15pt;"> </span>p<span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">r</span>o<span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">c</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">e</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">s</span>s<span style="letter-spacing: 0.15pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">w</span>ith<span style="letter-spacing: 0.3pt;"> </span>the<span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;"> </span>t<span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">e</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">r</span>min<span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">a</span>tion<span style="letter-spacing: 0.2pt;"> </span>of<span style="letter-spacing: 0.15pt;"> </span>one<span style="letter-spacing: 0.35pt;"> </span>or<span style="letter-spacing: 0.25pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">m</span>o<span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">r</span>e<span style="letter-spacing: 0.2pt;"> </span>p<span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">r</span>o<span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">ce</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">s</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">s</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">e</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">s</span>.<o:p></o:p></v<span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 12.65pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 47.1pt; margin-right: 40.55pt; margin-top: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;"><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;">Fo<span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">r</span>k<span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">-</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">J</span>o<span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">i</span>n<span style="letter-spacing: 0.25pt;"> </span>p<span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">r</span>ov<span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">i</span>de<span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;"> </span>a<span style="letter-spacing: 0.15pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">f</span>u<span style="letter-spacing: 0.15pt;">n</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">c</span>tion<span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">a</span>l<span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">l</span>y<span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">c</span>omp<span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">l</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">e</span>te<span style="letter-spacing: 0.25pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">f</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">a</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">c</span>i<span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">l</span>i<span style="letter-spacing: 0.25pt;">t</span>y<span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">f</span>or<span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;"> c</span>ont<span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">r</span>ol<span style="letter-spacing: 0.2pt;"> s</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.25pt;">y</span>n<span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">c</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.15pt;">h</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">r</span>oni<span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">za</span>tion.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 13.0pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: .25pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 102%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 41.45pt; margin-right: 21.45pt; margin-top: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none; text-indent: -33.85pt;"><b><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;">Q<span style="letter-spacing: 0.2pt;">.</span>1<span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">7</span>. <span style="letter-spacing: 0.5pt;"> </span></span></b><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; letter-spacing: -0.3pt;">L</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">i</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">s</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;">t <span style="letter-spacing: 1.2pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">a</span>nd <span style="letter-spacing: 1.35pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">e</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.15pt;">x</span>p<span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">l</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">a</span>in <span style="letter-spacing: 1.2pt;"> </span>the <span style="letter-spacing: 1.25pt;"> </span>th<span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">r</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">e</span>e <span style="letter-spacing: 1.15pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">e</span>v<span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">e</span>nts <span style="letter-spacing: 1.4pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">c</span>on<span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">ce</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">r</span>ning <span style="letter-spacing: 1.1pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">r</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">es</span>ou<span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">r</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">c</span>e <span style="letter-spacing: 1.2pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">a</span>l<span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">l</span>o<span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">ca</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">ti</span>on. <span style="letter-spacing: 1.15pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">D</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">e</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">f</span>ine <span style="letter-spacing: 1.15pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">t</span>he <span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">f</span>ol<span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">l</span>o<span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">w</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">i</span>n<span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">g</span>:<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 95.7pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;"><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">(</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;">i)<span style="letter-spacing: -0.95pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">D</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">e</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">a</span>dlo<span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">c</span>k.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 95.7pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: .3pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;"><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">(</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;">i<span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">i</span>)</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; letter-spacing: -1.1pt;"> </span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">R</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">e</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">s</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;">ou<span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">r</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">c</span>e<span style="letter-spacing: 0.2pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">r</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">e</span>qu<span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">e</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">s</span>t<span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;"> a</span>nd<span style="letter-spacing: 0.25pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">a</span>llo<span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">c</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">a</span>t<span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">i</span>on<span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;"> </span>g<span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">r</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">a</span>ph<span style="letter-spacing: 0.25pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">(</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">RRA</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">G</span>)<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 95.7pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: .3pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; tab-stops: 402.0pt; text-autospace: none;"><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">(</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;">i<span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">i</span>i<span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">)</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">Wa</span>it<span style="letter-spacing: 0.15pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">f</span>or<span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;"> </span>g<span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">r</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">a</span>ph<span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">(</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.15pt;">W</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.15pt;">F</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.15pt;">G</span>)<span style="letter-spacing: -2.45pt;"> </span> <b><span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">(</span>6)</b><o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 13.0pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: .5pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 52.85pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;"><b><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">A</span></b><b><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; letter-spacing: -0.15pt;">n</span></b><b><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">s</span></b><b><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;">:</span></b><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;"><o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 102%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 58.35pt; margin-right: 16.05pt; margin-top: .2pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;"><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">(</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;">i) <span style="letter-spacing: 0.9pt;"> </span><b><span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">De</span>adlo<span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">c</span>k</b>:<span style="letter-spacing: 0.25pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">E</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">a</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">c</span>h<span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;"> </span>p<span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">r</span>o<span style="letter-spacing: 0.15pt;">c</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">e</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">s</span>s<span style="letter-spacing: 0.3pt;"> </span>in<span style="letter-spacing: 0.3pt;"> </span>a<span style="letter-spacing: 0.15pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">s</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">e</span>t<span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;"> </span>of<span style="letter-spacing: 0.25pt;"> </span>p<span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">r</span>o<span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">ce</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">s</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">s</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">e</span>s<span style="letter-spacing: 0.15pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">i</span>s<span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.15pt;">w</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">a</span>i<span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">t</span>ing<span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">f</span>or<span style="letter-spacing: 0.25pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">a</span>n<span style="letter-spacing: 0.25pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">e</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.15pt;">v</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">e</span>nt<span style="letter-spacing: 0.2pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">t</span>h<span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">a</span>t<span style="letter-spacing: 0.15pt;"> </span>on<span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">l</span>y<span style="letter-spacing: 0.2pt;"> </span>a<span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;"> </span>p<span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">r</span>o<span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">c</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">e</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">s</span>s<span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">i</span>n<span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">t</span>he <span style="letter-spacing: 0.2pt;">s</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">e</span>t<span style="letter-spacing: 0.2pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">c</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">a</span>n<span style="letter-spacing: 0.25pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.15pt;">c</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">a</span>u<span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">s</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">e</span>.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 101%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 58.35pt; margin-right: 8.85pt; margin-top: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;"><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">(</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;">i<span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">i</span>)<span style="letter-spacing: 0.4pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">D</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">ea</span>d<span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">l</span>o<span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">c</span>ks<span style="letter-spacing: 1.4pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">c</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">a</span>n<span style="letter-spacing: 1.3pt;"> </span>be<span style="letter-spacing: 1.35pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.15pt;">d</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">e</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">s</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">c</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">r</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">i</span>b<span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">e</span>d<span style="letter-spacing: 1.3pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.15pt;">b</span>y<span style="letter-spacing: 1.2pt;"> </span>a<span style="letter-spacing: 1.35pt;"> </span>di<span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">r</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">ec</span>t<span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">e</span>d<span style="letter-spacing: 1.35pt;"> </span>bip<span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">a</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">r</span>t<span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">it</span>e<span style="letter-spacing: 1.4pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">g</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">r</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">a</span>ph<span style="letter-spacing: 1.3pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.15pt;">c</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">a</span>l<span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">l</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">e</span>d<span style="letter-spacing: 1.3pt;"> </span>a<span style="letter-spacing: 1.25pt;"> </span><b><span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">Res</span>ou<span style="letter-spacing: 0.15pt;">r</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">c</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">e</span></b>- <b><span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">Re</span>q<span style="letter-spacing: -0.15pt;">u</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.15pt;">e</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">st-</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">A</span>l<span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">l</span>o<span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">c</span>a<span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">t</span>ion<span style="letter-spacing: 1.4pt;"> </span>g<span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">r</span>aph<span style="letter-spacing: 1.4pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">(</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">R</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">R</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">A</span>G</b><span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">)</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">.</span>A<span style="letter-spacing: 1.5pt;"> </span>g<span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">r</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">a</span>ph<span style="letter-spacing: 1.45pt;"> </span>G<span style="letter-spacing: 1.75pt;"> </span>=<span style="letter-spacing: 1.45pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">(</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">V</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">,E</span>)<span style="letter-spacing: 1.45pt;"> </span>is<span style="letter-spacing: 1.65pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">ca</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">l</span>l<span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">e</span>d<span style="letter-spacing: 1.55pt;"> </span>bip<span style="letter-spacing: 0.15pt;">a</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">r</span>ti<span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">t</span>e<span style="letter-spacing: 1.6pt;"> </span>if<span style="letter-spacing: 1.5pt;"> </span>V <span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">c</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">a</span>n<span style="letter-spacing: 1.2pt;"> </span>be<span style="letter-spacing: 1.35pt;"> </span>d<span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">ec</span>o<span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">m</span>po<span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">se</span>d<span style="letter-spacing: 1.45pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">i</span>nto<span style="letter-spacing: 1.25pt;"> </span>t<span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">w</span>o<span style="letter-spacing: 1.25pt;"> </span>di<span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">s</span>joint<span style="letter-spacing: 1.45pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">s</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">e</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">t</span>s<span style="letter-spacing: 1.25pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">V</span><span style="position: relative; top: 2pt;">1<span style="letter-spacing: 1.35pt;"> </span></span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">an</span>d<span style="letter-spacing: 1.3pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">V</span><span style="position: relative; top: 2pt;">2<span style="letter-spacing: 1.5pt;"> </span></span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">s</span>u<span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">c</span>h<span style="letter-spacing: 1.3pt;"> </span>th<span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">a</span>t<span style="letter-spacing: 1.35pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">e</span>v<span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">e</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">r</span>y<span style="letter-spacing: 1.3pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">e</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.15pt;">d</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">g</span>e<span style="letter-spacing: 1.45pt;"> </span>in<span style="letter-spacing: 1.35pt;"> </span>E<span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;"> </span>jo<span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">i</span>ns<span style="letter-spacing: 0.3pt;"> </span>a<span style="letter-spacing: 0.25pt;"> </span>v<span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">e</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">r</span>t<span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">e</span>x<span style="letter-spacing: 0.5pt;"> </span>in<span style="letter-spacing: 0.4pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">V</span><span style="position: relative; top: 2pt;">1<span style="letter-spacing: 0.55pt;"> </span></span>to<span style="letter-spacing: 0.4pt;"> </span>a<span style="letter-spacing: 0.25pt;"> </span>v<span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">e</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">r</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">t</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">e</span>x<span style="letter-spacing: 0.5pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">i</span>n<span style="letter-spacing: 0.3pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">V</span><span style="position: relative; top: 2pt;">2</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">.</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.15pt;">L</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">e</span>t<span style="letter-spacing: 0.5pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">V</span><span style="position: relative; top: 2pt;">1<span style="letter-spacing: 0.55pt;"> </span></span>be<span style="letter-spacing: 0.5pt;"> </span>a<span style="letter-spacing: 0.4pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">s</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">e</span>t<span style="letter-spacing: 0.45pt;"> </span>of<span style="letter-spacing: 0.35pt;"> </span>p<span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">r</span>o<span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">c</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">e</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">s</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">s</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">e</span>s<span style="letter-spacing: 0.4pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">a</span>nd<span style="letter-spacing: 0.6pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">V</span><span style="position: relative; top: 2pt;">2<span style="letter-spacing: 0.55pt;"> </span></span>be<span style="letter-spacing: 0.35pt;"> </span>a<span style="letter-spacing: 0.4pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">s</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">e</span>t<span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;"> </span>of<span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">r</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">e</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">s</span>ou<span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">r</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">ce</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">s</span>.<span style="letter-spacing: 0.15pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">S</span>in<span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">c</span>e<span style="letter-spacing: 0.15pt;"> </span>the<span style="letter-spacing: 0.15pt;"> </span>g<span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">r</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">a</span>ph<span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;"> </span>is<span style="letter-spacing: 0.35pt;"> </span>di<span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">r</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">e</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">c</span>t<span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">e</span>d<span style="letter-spacing: 0.3pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">w</span>e<span style="letter-spacing: 0.2pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">w</span>i<span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">l</span>l<span style="letter-spacing: 0.15pt;"> c</span>on<span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">s</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">i</span>d<span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">e</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">r</span>:<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 6.5pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: .05pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 10.0pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 10.0pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 69.65pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;"><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 10pt;"><img height="197" src="file:///C:/Users/arvind/AppData/Local/Temp/msohtmlclip1/01/clip_image022.gif" v:shapes="_x0000_i1034" width="437" /><o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 10.0pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 10.0pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 10.0pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 10.0pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 12.0pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: .05pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;"><br />
</div><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 212.15pt; margin-right: 215.9pt; margin-top: 1.4pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: center; text-autospace: none;"><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;">22</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></div><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 11pt;"><br clear="all" style="mso-break-type: section-break; page-break-before: always;" /> </span> <br />
<div class="WordSection8"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 7.6pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 3.0pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; tab-stops: 246.0pt; text-autospace: none;"><b><u><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">D</span></u></b><b><u><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">C</span></u></b><b><u><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;">14 <span style="letter-spacing: -0.15pt;">S</span>y<span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">s</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">t</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">e</span>m<span style="letter-spacing: 0.15pt;"> </span>So<span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">f</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">t</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">w</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">a</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.15pt;">r</span>e and<span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">O</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.15pt;">p</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">er</span>a<span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">t</span>ing<span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;"> </span>Sy<span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">s</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">t</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">e</span>m</span></u></b><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;"><o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 12.0pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: .15pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 101%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 58.35pt; margin-right: 9.0pt; margin-top: 1.6pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; tab-stops: 75.0pt; text-autospace: none;"><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; position: relative; top: 2pt;">•</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; position: relative; top: 2pt;"> </span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">a</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;">n <span style="letter-spacing: 0.35pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">e</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.15pt;">d</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">g</span>e <span style="letter-spacing: 0.3pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">(</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">R</span><span style="position: relative; top: 2pt;">j</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">,</span>P<span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt; position: relative; top: 2pt;">i</span>) <span style="letter-spacing: 0.3pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">(</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">a</span>n <span style="letter-spacing: 0.3pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">a</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">s</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.2pt;">s</span>i<span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">g</span>nm<span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">e</span>nt <span style="letter-spacing: 0.35pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">e</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.15pt;">d</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">g</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.15pt;">e</span>) <span style="letter-spacing: 0.35pt;"> </span>to <span style="letter-spacing: 0.4pt;"> </span>m<span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">e</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">a</span>n <span style="letter-spacing: 0.55pt;"> </span>th<span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">a</span>t <span style="letter-spacing: 0.5pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">r</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">e</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">s</span>ou<span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">r</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">c</span>e <span style="letter-spacing: 0.25pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">R</span><span style="position: relative; top: 2pt;">j <span style="letter-spacing: 0.5pt;"> </span></span>h<span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">a</span>s <span style="letter-spacing: 0.4pt;"> </span>b<span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">ee</span>n<span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">a</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">l</span>lo<span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">c</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">a</span>t<span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">e</span>d<span style="letter-spacing: 0.15pt;"> </span>to<span style="letter-spacing: 0.3pt;"> </span>p<span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">r</span>o<span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">c</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">e</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">s</span>s<span style="letter-spacing: 0.15pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">P</span><span style="position: relative; top: 2pt;">i</span><o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 101%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 58.35pt; margin-right: 8.9pt; margin-top: .7pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; tab-stops: 75.0pt; text-autospace: none;"><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;">•</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;"> <span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">a</span>n<span style="letter-spacing: 1.2pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">e</span>dge<span style="letter-spacing: 1.1pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">(</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">P</span><span style="position: relative; top: 2pt;">i</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">,</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">R</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt; position: relative; top: 2pt;">j</span>)<span style="letter-spacing: 1.1pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">(</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">c</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">a</span>ll<span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">e</span>d<span style="letter-spacing: 1.05pt;"> </span>a<span style="letter-spacing: 1.35pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">r</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">e</span>qu<span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">e</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">s</span>t<span style="letter-spacing: 1.15pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">e</span>dg<span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">e</span>)<span style="letter-spacing: 1.15pt;"> </span>to<span style="letter-spacing: 1.25pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">m</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">ea</span>n<span style="letter-spacing: 1.25pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">t</span>h<span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">a</span>t<span style="letter-spacing: 1.15pt;"> </span>p<span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">r</span>o<span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">c</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">e</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">s</span>s<span style="letter-spacing: 1.15pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">P</span>i<span style="letter-spacing: 1.2pt;"> </span>h<span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">a</span>s<span style="letter-spacing: 1.15pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">r</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">e</span>qu<span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">e</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">s</span>t<span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">e</span>d<span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">r</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">e</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">s</span>ou<span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">r</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">c</span>e<span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;"> R</span><span style="position: relative; top: 2pt;">j</span><o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 58.35pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: .25pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;"><b><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">(</span></b><b><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;">i<span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">i</span>i)</span></b><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;"><o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 58.35pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: .05pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;"><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;">1. <span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">U</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">s</span>e<span style="letter-spacing: 0.2pt;"> </span>a<span style="letter-spacing: 0.15pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">r</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">e</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">s</span>ou<span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">r</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">c</span>e<span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">a</span>llo<span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">c</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">a</span>t<span style="letter-spacing: 0.25pt;">i</span>on<span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">g</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">r</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">a</span>ph<span style="letter-spacing: 0.25pt;"> </span>to<span style="letter-spacing: 0.3pt;"> </span>d<span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">e</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">r</span>ive<span style="letter-spacing: 0.25pt;"> </span>a<span style="letter-spacing: 0.15pt;"> <b>w</b></span><b>ai<span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">t-</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">f</span>or<span style="letter-spacing: 0.3pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">g</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">r</span>aph</b>.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 102%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 58.35pt; margin-right: 11.25pt; margin-top: .4pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;"><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;">2. <span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">Wa</span>it<span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">-f</span>or<span style="letter-spacing: 0.3pt;"> </span>g<span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">r</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">a</span>ph<span style="letter-spacing: 0.25pt;"> </span>obt<span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">a</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">i</span>n<span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">e</span>d<span style="letter-spacing: 0.4pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.15pt;">b</span>y<span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;"> </span>m<span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">a</span>ki<span style="letter-spacing: 0.15pt;">n</span>g<span style="letter-spacing: 0.15pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">a</span>n<span style="letter-spacing: 0.25pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">e</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.15pt;">d</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">g</span>e<span style="letter-spacing: 0.15pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">f</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">r</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.15pt;">o</span>m<span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;"> </span>p1<span style="letter-spacing: 0.35pt;"> </span>to<span style="letter-spacing: 0.3pt;"> </span>p2<span style="letter-spacing: 0.2pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">i</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">f</span>f<span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;"> </span>p1<span style="letter-spacing: 0.35pt;"> </span>is<span style="letter-spacing: 0.2pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">w</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">a</span>i<span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">t</span>ing<span style="letter-spacing: 0.15pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">f</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.15pt;">o</span>r<span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;"> </span>a<span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">r</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">e</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">s</span>ou<span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">r</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">c</span>e<span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">t</span>h<span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">a</span>t<span style="letter-spacing: 0.15pt;"> </span>is<span style="letter-spacing: 0.2pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">a</span>llo<span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">c</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">a</span>t<span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">e</span>d<span style="letter-spacing: 0.25pt;"> </span>to<span style="letter-spacing: 0.3pt;"> </span>p2.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 58.35pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;"><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;">3. <span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">D</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">ea</span>d<span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">l</span>o<span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">c</span>k<span style="letter-spacing: 0.4pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">e</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.15pt;">x</span>i<span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">s</span>ts<span style="letter-spacing: 0.15pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">i</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">f</span>f<span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;"> </span>a<span style="letter-spacing: 0.15pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">cy</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">c</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">l</span>e<span style="letter-spacing: 0.15pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">e</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.15pt;">x</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">i</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">s</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">t</span>s<span style="letter-spacing: 0.15pt;"> </span>in<span style="letter-spacing: 0.3pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">r</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">e</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">s</span>ult<span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">i</span>ng<span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">w</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">a</span>i<span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">t</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">-f</span>or<span style="letter-spacing: 0.25pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">g</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">r</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">a</span>ph.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 14.0pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: .4pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 64.0pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;"><span style="height: 223px; left: 0px; margin-left: 463px; margin-top: 78px; position: absolute; width: 207px; z-index: -3;"> </span></div><table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0"><tbody>
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</tbody></table><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 14pt;"><img height="309" src="file:///C:/Users/arvind/AppData/Local/Temp/msohtmlclip1/01/clip_image026.gif" v:shapes="_x0000_i1036" width="257" /></span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 10pt;"><o:p></o:p></span><br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 14.0pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: .95pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 102%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 61.85pt; margin-right: 21.4pt; margin-top: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; tab-stops: 61.0pt; text-autospace: none; text-indent: -54.25pt;"><b><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;">Q<span style="letter-spacing: 0.2pt;">.</span>1<span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">8</span>.<span style="letter-spacing: -2.35pt;"> </span> </span></b><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;">A<span style="letter-spacing: 0.55pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.2pt;">s</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.25pt;">y</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">s</span>t<span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">e</span>m<span style="letter-spacing: 0.6pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">c</span>on<span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">t</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">a</span>ins<span style="letter-spacing: 0.55pt;"> </span>10<span style="letter-spacing: 0.6pt;"> </span>un<span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">i</span>ts<span style="letter-spacing: 0.65pt;"> </span>of<span style="letter-spacing: 0.5pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">r</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">e</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">s</span>ou<span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">r</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.15pt;">c</span>e<span style="letter-spacing: 0.35pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">c</span>l<span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">a</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">s</span>s<span style="letter-spacing: 0.55pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">R</span>u.<span style="letter-spacing: 0.7pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">T</span>he<span style="letter-spacing: 0.5pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">r</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">e</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">s</span>ou<span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">r</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">c</span>e<span style="letter-spacing: 0.6pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">r</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">e</span>qu<span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">i</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">r</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">e</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">m</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">e</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.15pt;">n</span>ts<span style="letter-spacing: 0.5pt;"> </span>of<span style="letter-spacing: 0.15pt;"> </span>th<span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">r</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">e</span>e <span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;"> </span>u<span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">s</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">e</span>r<span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.15pt;">p</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">r</span>o<span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">c</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">e</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">ss</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">e</span>s<span style="letter-spacing: 0.15pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">P</span>1,<span style="letter-spacing: 0.2pt;"> </span>P2<span style="letter-spacing: 0.35pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">a</span>nd<span style="letter-spacing: 0.25pt;"> </span>P3<span style="letter-spacing: 0.35pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">a</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">r</span>e<span style="letter-spacing: 0.15pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">a</span>s<span style="letter-spacing: 0.15pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">f</span>ollo<span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">w</span>s<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 213.5pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; tab-stops: 276.0pt 333.0pt; text-autospace: none;"><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;">P1<span style="letter-spacing: -2.5pt;"> </span> <span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">P</span>2<span style="letter-spacing: -2.4pt;"> </span> P3<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 61.25pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: .3pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; tab-stops: 214.0pt 279.0pt 339.0pt; text-autospace: none;"><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">M</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">a</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;">x<span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">i</span>mum<span style="letter-spacing: 0.35pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">r</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.2pt;">e</span>qu<span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">i</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">r</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">e</span>m<span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">e</span>nts<span style="letter-spacing: -2.45pt;"> </span> 8<span style="letter-spacing: -2.4pt;"> </span> 7<span style="letter-spacing: -2.4pt;"> </span> 5<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 61.25pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: .3pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; tab-stops: 213.0pt 278.0pt 337.0pt; text-autospace: none;"><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">C</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;">u<span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">rr</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">e</span>nt<span style="letter-spacing: 0.25pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">a</span>l<span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">l</span>o<span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">c</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">a</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">t</span>ion<span style="letter-spacing: -2.4pt;"> </span> 3<span style="letter-spacing: -2.4pt;"> </span> 1<span style="letter-spacing: -2.4pt;"> </span> 3<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 61.25pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: .3pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; tab-stops: 212.0pt 277.0pt 336.0pt; text-autospace: none;"><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">B</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">a</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;">l<span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">a</span>n<span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">c</span>e<span style="letter-spacing: 0.2pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">r</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">e</span>q<span style="letter-spacing: 0.15pt;">u</span>i<span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">r</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">e</span>m<span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">e</span>n<span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">t</span>s<span style="letter-spacing: -2.45pt;"> </span> 5<span style="letter-spacing: -2.4pt;"> </span> 6<span style="letter-spacing: -2.4pt;"> </span> 2<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 61.25pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: .3pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; tab-stops: 212.0pt 277.0pt 336.0pt; text-autospace: none;"><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">N</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">e</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;">w<span style="letter-spacing: 0.2pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">r</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">e</span>qu<span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">e</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">s</span>t<span style="letter-spacing: 0.3pt;"> </span>m<span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">a</span>de<span style="letter-spacing: -2.35pt;"> </span> 1<span style="letter-spacing: -2.4pt;"> </span> 0<span style="letter-spacing: -2.4pt;"> </span> 0<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 102%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 61.85pt; margin-right: 21.45pt; margin-top: .4pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; tab-stops: 405.0pt; text-autospace: none; text-indent: .95pt;"><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">U</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">s</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;">ing<span style="letter-spacing: 1.6pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">B</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">a</span>nk<span style="letter-spacing: 0.15pt;">e</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">r’</span>s<span style="letter-spacing: 1.55pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">a</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.25pt;">l</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">g</span>o<span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">r</span>ith<span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">m</span>,<span style="letter-spacing: 1.5pt;"> </span>d<span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">e</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">t</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">e</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">r</span>m<span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">i</span>ne<span style="letter-spacing: 1.6pt;"> </span>if<span style="letter-spacing: 1.5pt;"> </span>the<span style="letter-spacing: 1.6pt;"> </span>p<span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">r</span>oj<span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">e</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">c</span>t<span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">e</span>d<span style="letter-spacing: 1.55pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">a</span>llo<span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">c</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">a</span>t<span style="letter-spacing: 0.25pt;">i</span>on<span style="letter-spacing: 1.45pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">s</span>t<span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">a</span>te<span style="letter-spacing: 1.45pt;"> </span>is<span style="letter-spacing: 1.55pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">sa</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">f</span>e<span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">a</span>nd <span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">w</span>h<span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">e</span>th<span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">e</span>r<span style="letter-spacing: 0.15pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">t</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.15pt;">h</span>e <span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">r</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">e</span>q<span style="letter-spacing: 0.15pt;">u</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">e</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">s</span>t<span style="letter-spacing: 0.15pt;"> </span>of<span style="letter-spacing: 0.15pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">P</span>1<span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">w</span>i<span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">l</span>l<span style="letter-spacing: 0.15pt;"> </span>be<span style="letter-spacing: 0.25pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">g</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">r</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">a</span>nt<span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">e</span>d<span style="letter-spacing: 0.25pt;"> </span>or<span style="letter-spacing: 0.15pt;"> n</span>o<span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">t</span>.<span style="letter-spacing: -2.4pt;"> </span> <b><span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">(</span>6)</b><o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 13.0pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: .2pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 41.45pt; margin-right: 377.4pt; margin-top: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;"><b><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">A</span></b><b><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; letter-spacing: -0.15pt;">n</span></b><b><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">s</span></b><b><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;">:</span></b><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;"><o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 102%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 61.85pt; margin-right: 303.3pt; margin-top: .05pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-indent: -20.4pt;"><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;">F<span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">r</span>om the<span style="letter-spacing: 0.15pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">g</span>iv<span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">e</span>n d<span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">a</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.25pt;">t</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">a</span>: <span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">T</span>o<span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">t</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">a</span>l_<span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">a</span>llo<span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">c</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">=</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">[</span>7] <span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">T</span>o<span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">t</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">a</span>l_<span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">e</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.15pt;">x</span>i<span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">s</span>t=<span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">[</span>1<span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">0</span>]<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 102%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 41.45pt; margin-right: 21.3pt; margin-top: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;"><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">T</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;">he<span style="letter-spacing: 1.65pt;"> </span>p<span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">r</span>o<span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">j</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">e</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">c</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">t</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">e</span>d<span style="letter-spacing: 1.8pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">a</span>l<span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">l</span>o<span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">ca</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">t</span>ion<span style="letter-spacing: 1.65pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">s</span>t<span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">a</span>te<span style="letter-spacing: 1.6pt;"> </span>is<span style="letter-spacing: 1.9pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">f</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">ea</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">s</span>ib<span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">l</span>e<span style="letter-spacing: 1.65pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">s</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">i</span>n<span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">c</span>e<span style="letter-spacing: 1.7pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">t</span>he<span style="letter-spacing: 1.55pt;"> </span>to<span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">t</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">a</span>l<span style="letter-spacing: 1.7pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">a</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">l</span>lo<span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">ca</span>tion<span style="letter-spacing: 1.65pt;"> </span>in<span style="letter-spacing: 1.7pt;"> </span>it<span style="letter-spacing: 1.75pt;"> </span>do<span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">e</span>s<span style="letter-spacing: 1.8pt;"> </span>not<span style="letter-spacing: 0.25pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">e</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.15pt;">x</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">c</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">ee</span>d <span style="letter-spacing: -0.2pt;"> </span>the <span style="letter-spacing: -0.3pt;"> </span>numb<span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">e</span>r <span style="letter-spacing: 0.2pt;"> </span>of<span style="letter-spacing: 2.4pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">r</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">e</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">s</span>ou<span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">r</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">c</span>e<span style="letter-spacing: 2.25pt;"> </span>units <span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;"> </span>of<span style="letter-spacing: 2.3pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">R</span>u.<span style="letter-spacing: 2.4pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">S</span>in<span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">c</span>e<span style="letter-spacing: 2.2pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">P</span>3<span style="letter-spacing: 2.25pt;"> </span>is<span style="letter-spacing: 2.35pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">t</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">w</span>o<span style="letter-spacing: 2.2pt;"> </span>un<span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">i</span>ts<span style="letter-spacing: 2.4pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">s</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">h</span>o<span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">r</span>t<span style="letter-spacing: 2.25pt;"> </span>of<span style="letter-spacing: 2.4pt;"> </span>its<span style="letter-spacing: 0.2pt;"> </span>m<span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">a</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.15pt;">x</span>imum<span style="letter-spacing: 0.15pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">r</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">e</span>qu<span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">i</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">r</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">e</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">m</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">e</span>nts<span style="letter-spacing: 0.25pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">a</span>nd<span style="letter-spacing: 0.25pt;"> </span>t<span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">w</span>o<span style="letter-spacing: 0.3pt;"> </span>un<span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">a</span>l<span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">l</span>o<span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">ca</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">t</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">e</span>d<span style="letter-spacing: 0.35pt;"> </span>un<span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">i</span>ts<span style="letter-spacing: 0.25pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">e</span>x<span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">i</span>ts<span style="letter-spacing: 0.15pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">i</span>n<span style="letter-spacing: 0.2pt;"> </span>the<span style="letter-spacing: 0.3pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.2pt;">s</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.35pt;">y</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">s</span>t<span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">e</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">m</span>,<span style="letter-spacing: 0.3pt;"> </span>h<span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">e</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.15pt;">n</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">c</span>e<span style="letter-spacing: 0.25pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">P</span>3<span style="letter-spacing: 0.25pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">c</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">a</span>n <span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">c</span>o<span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">m</span>pl<span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">e</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">t</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">e</span>.<span style="letter-spacing: 1.15pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">T</span>his<span style="letter-spacing: 1.25pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">w</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">i</span>ll<span style="letter-spacing: 1.1pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">r</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">e</span>l<span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">e</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.15pt;">a</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">s</span>e<span style="letter-spacing: 1.2pt;"> </span>the<span style="letter-spacing: 1.25pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">r</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">e</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">s</span>o<span style="letter-spacing: 0.15pt;">u</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">r</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">c</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">e</span>s<span style="letter-spacing: 1.3pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">a</span>l<span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">l</span>o<span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">ca</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">t</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">e</span>d<span style="letter-spacing: 1.2pt;"> </span>to<span style="letter-spacing: 1.25pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">i</span>t,<span style="letter-spacing: 1.1pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">t</span>h<span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">a</span>t<span style="letter-spacing: 1.15pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">i</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">s</span>,<span style="letter-spacing: 1.2pt;"> </span>5<span style="letter-spacing: 1.2pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">r</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">e</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">s</span>ou<span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">r</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">c</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">e</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">s</span>.<span style="letter-spacing: 1.2pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">N</span>ow<span style="letter-spacing: 0.15pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">P</span>1<span style="letter-spacing: 1.55pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">c</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">a</span>n<span style="letter-spacing: 1.65pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">c</span>ompl<span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">e</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">t</span>e<span style="letter-spacing: 1.7pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">s</span>in<span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">c</span>e<span style="letter-spacing: 1.8pt;"> </span>the <span style="letter-spacing: -0.9pt;"> </span>nu<span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">m</span>b<span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">e</span>r<span style="letter-spacing: 1.95pt;"> </span>of<span style="letter-spacing: 1.7pt;"> </span>u<span style="letter-spacing: 0.15pt;">n</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">a</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">l</span>lo<span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">c</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">a</span>t<span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">e</span>d<span style="letter-spacing: 1.8pt;"> </span>uni<span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">t</span>s<span style="letter-spacing: 1.85pt;"> </span>of<span style="letter-spacing: 1.7pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">R</span>u<span style="letter-spacing: 1.85pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">e</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.15pt;">x</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">c</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">ee</span>ds<span style="letter-spacing: 1.85pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">t</span>he<span style="letter-spacing: 1.65pt;"> </span>units n<span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">e</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">e</span>d<span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">e</span>d<span style="letter-spacing: 1.55pt;"> </span>to<span style="letter-spacing: 1.6pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">s</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">a</span>ti<span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">s</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.2pt;">f</span>y<span style="letter-spacing: 1.3pt;"> </span>its<span style="letter-spacing: 1.7pt;"> </span>m<span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">a</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.15pt;">x</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">i</span>m<span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">u</span>m <span style="letter-spacing: -1.05pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">r</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">e</span>qu<span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">i</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">r</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">e</span>m<span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">e</span>nt<span style="letter-spacing: 1.5pt;"> </span>t<span style="letter-spacing: 0.15pt;">h</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">e</span>n<span style="letter-spacing: 1.6pt;"> </span>P2<span style="letter-spacing: 1.65pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">c</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">a</span>n<span style="letter-spacing: 1.55pt;"> </span>be<span style="letter-spacing: 1.7pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">c</span>ompl<span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">e</span>t<span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">e</span>d.<span style="letter-spacing: 1.85pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">T</span>hus<span style="letter-spacing: 1.5pt;"> </span>the<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 5.5pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: .1pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 10.0pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 10.0pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;"><br />
</div><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 212.15pt; margin-right: 215.9pt; margin-top: 1.4pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: center; text-autospace: none;"><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;">23</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></div><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 11pt;"><br clear="all" style="mso-break-type: section-break; page-break-before: always;" /> </span> <br />
<div class="WordSection9"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 7.6pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 3.0pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; tab-stops: 246.0pt; text-autospace: none;"><b><u><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">D</span></u></b><b><u><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">C</span></u></b><b><u><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;">14 <span style="letter-spacing: -0.15pt;">S</span>y<span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">s</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">t</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">e</span>m<span style="letter-spacing: 0.15pt;"> </span>So<span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">f</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">t</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">w</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">a</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.15pt;">r</span>e and<span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">O</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.15pt;">p</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">er</span>a<span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">t</span>ing<span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;"> </span>Sy<span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">s</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">t</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">e</span>m</span></u></b><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;"><o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 11.0pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: .6pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 102%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 41.45pt; margin-right: 21.45pt; margin-top: 1.4pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;"><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;">p<span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">r</span>o<span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">c</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">e</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">s</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">s</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">e</span>s<span style="letter-spacing: 1.85pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">ca</span>n<span style="letter-spacing: 1.65pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">f</span>in<span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">i</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">s</span>h<span style="letter-spacing: 1.6pt;"> </span>in<span style="letter-spacing: 1.7pt;"> </span>the<span style="letter-spacing: 1.75pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">s</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">e</span>qu<span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">e</span>n<span style="letter-spacing: 0.15pt;">c</span>e<span style="letter-spacing: 1.6pt;"> </span>P3,<span style="letter-spacing: 1.75pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">P</span>1,<span style="letter-spacing: 1.6pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">a</span>nd<span style="letter-spacing: 1.55pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">P</span>2.<span style="letter-spacing: 1.6pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">H</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">e</span>n<span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">c</span>e<span style="letter-spacing: 1.65pt;"> </span>p<span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">r</span>o<span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">j</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">e</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">c</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">t</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">e</span>d<span style="letter-spacing: 1.65pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">a</span>llo<span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">c</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">a</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">t</span>ion<span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">s</span>t<span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">a</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">t</span>e<span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;"> </span>is<span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;"> s</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">a</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">f</span>e<span style="letter-spacing: 0.15pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">s</span>o<span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">a</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.25pt;">l</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">g</span>o<span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">r</span>ithm<span style="letter-spacing: 0.35pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">w</span>i<span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">l</span>l<span style="letter-spacing: 0.15pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">g</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">r</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">a</span>nt<span style="letter-spacing: 0.2pt;"> </span>the<span style="letter-spacing: 0.4pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">r</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">e</span>qu<span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">e</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">s</span>t<span style="letter-spacing: 0.15pt;"> </span>m<span style="letter-spacing: 0.15pt;">a</span>de<span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.15pt;">b</span>y <span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">P</span>1.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 12.0pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: .95pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 7.6pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;"><b><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;">Q<span style="letter-spacing: 0.2pt;">.</span>1<span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">9</span>. <span style="letter-spacing: 1.1pt;"> </span></span></b><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">W</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;">h<span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">a</span>t<span style="letter-spacing: 0.9pt;"> </span>is<span style="letter-spacing: 1.05pt;"> </span>a<span style="letter-spacing: 1pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">r</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">ac</span>e<span style="letter-spacing: 0.95pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">c</span>ondi<span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">t</span>io<span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">n</span>?<span style="letter-spacing: 1pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">E</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.15pt;">x</span>pl<span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">a</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">i</span>n<span style="letter-spacing: 0.95pt;"> </span>how<span style="letter-spacing: 1.25pt;"> </span>d<span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">oe</span>s<span style="letter-spacing: 1pt;"> </span>a<span style="letter-spacing: 0.85pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">c</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">r</span>it<span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">i</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">ca</span>l<span style="letter-spacing: 1.05pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">s</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">e</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">c</span>t<span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">i</span>on<span style="letter-spacing: 0.95pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">a</span>void<span style="letter-spacing: 1.1pt;"> </span>this<span style="letter-spacing: 1.2pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">c</span>ond<span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">i</span>tion.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 102%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 41.45pt; margin-right: 21.4pt; margin-top: .3pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; tab-stops: 405.0pt; text-autospace: none;"><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">W</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;">h<span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">a</span>t<span style="letter-spacing: 1.5pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">a</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">r</span>e<span style="letter-spacing: 1.35pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">t</span>he<span style="letter-spacing: 1.3pt;"> </span>p<span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">r</span>op<span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">e</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">r</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">t</span>i<span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">e</span>s<span style="letter-spacing: 1.35pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">w</span>h<span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">i</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">c</span>h<span style="letter-spacing: 1.5pt;"> </span>a<span style="letter-spacing: 1.35pt;"> </span>d<span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">a</span>ta<span style="letter-spacing: 1.35pt;"> </span>i<span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">t</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">e</span>m<span style="letter-spacing: 1.4pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">s</span>hould<span style="letter-spacing: 1.45pt;"> </span>po<span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">s</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">s</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">e</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">s</span>s<span style="letter-spacing: 1.35pt;"> </span>to<span style="letter-spacing: 1.5pt;"> </span>i<span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">m</span>pl<span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">e</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">m</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">e</span>nt<span style="letter-spacing: 1.25pt;"> </span>a<span style="letter-spacing: 1.35pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">c</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">r</span>it<span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">i</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">c</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">a</span>l<span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">s</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">ec</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">t</span>ion? <b><span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">(</span>6)</b><o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 13.0pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: .2pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 41.45pt; margin-right: 377.4pt; margin-top: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;"><b><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">A</span></b><b><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; letter-spacing: -0.15pt;">n</span></b><b><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">s</span></b><b><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;">:</span></b><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;"><o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 102%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 41.45pt; margin-right: 9.2pt; margin-top: .2pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;"><b><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">R</span></b><b><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;">a<span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">c</span>e <span style="letter-spacing: 0.45pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.15pt;">c</span>o<span style="letter-spacing: -0.15pt;">n</span>di<span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">t</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">i</span>o<span style="letter-spacing: -0.15pt;">n</span></span></b><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;">: <span style="letter-spacing: 0.45pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">T</span>he <span style="letter-spacing: 0.4pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">s</span>itu<span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">a</span>tion <span style="letter-spacing: 0.5pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">w</span>h<span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">e</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">r</span>e <span style="letter-spacing: 0.55pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">s</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">e</span>v<span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">e</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">r</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">a</span>l <span style="letter-spacing: 0.45pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.15pt;">p</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">r</span>o<span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">c</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">e</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">s</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">s</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">e</span>s <span style="letter-spacing: 0.4pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.15pt;">a</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">c</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">ce</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">s</span>s <span style="letter-spacing: 0.55pt;"> </span>– <span style="letter-spacing: 0.5pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">a</span>nd <span style="letter-spacing: 0.5pt;"> </span>m<span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">a</span>nipul<span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">a</span>te<span style="letter-spacing: 0.15pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">s</span>h<span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">a</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">r</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">e</span>d <span style="letter-spacing: -0.35pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.15pt;">d</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">a</span>ta<span style="letter-spacing: 2.2pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">c</span>o<span style="letter-spacing: 0.15pt;">n</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">c</span>u<span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">r</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">r</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">e</span>nt<span style="letter-spacing: 0.25pt;">l</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">y</span>.<span style="letter-spacing: 2.1pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">T</span>he<span style="letter-spacing: 2.05pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">f</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">i</span>n<span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">a</span>l<span style="letter-spacing: 2.3pt;"> </span>v<span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">a</span>lue<span style="letter-spacing: 2.2pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.15pt;">o</span>f<span style="letter-spacing: 2.1pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">t</span>he<span style="letter-spacing: 2.15pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">s</span>h<span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">a</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">r</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">e</span>d<span style="letter-spacing: 2.25pt;"> </span>d<span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">a</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">t</span>a<span style="letter-spacing: 2.05pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.15pt;">d</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">e</span>p<span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">e</span>nds<span style="letter-spacing: 2.2pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.15pt;">u</span>pon<span style="letter-spacing: 2.15pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">w</span>hi<span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">c</span>h<span style="letter-spacing: 0.15pt;"> </span>p<span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">r</span>o<span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">c</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">e</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">s</span>s <span style="letter-spacing: 1.05pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">f</span>ini<span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">s</span>h<span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">e</span>s <span style="letter-spacing: 1.05pt;"> </span>l<span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">a</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">s</span>t. <span style="letter-spacing: 1pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">T</span>o <span style="letter-spacing: 0.95pt;"> </span>p<span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">r</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">e</span>v<span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">e</span>nt <span style="letter-spacing: 1.05pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">r</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">ac</span>e <span style="letter-spacing: 0.95pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">c</span>ondi<span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">t</span>ion<span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">s</span>, <span style="letter-spacing: 1.05pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">c</span>on<span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">c</span>u<span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">rr</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">e</span>nt <span style="letter-spacing: 1.05pt;"> </span>p<span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">r</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.15pt;">o</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">ce</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">sse</span>s <span style="letter-spacing: 1pt;"> </span>mu<span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">s</span>t <span style="letter-spacing: 1.2pt;"> </span>be<span style="letter-spacing: 0.2pt;"> </span><b><span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">s</span>y<span style="letter-spacing: -0.15pt;">n</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.15pt;">c</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.15pt;">h</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.15pt;">r</span>o<span style="letter-spacing: -0.15pt;">n</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">i</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">z</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">e</span>d</b>.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 100%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 41.45pt; margin-right: 8.95pt; margin-top: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; tab-stops: 82.0pt; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;"><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">D</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">a</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;">ta<span style="letter-spacing: 1.5pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">c</span>on<span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">s</span>i<span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">s</span>t<span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">e</span>n<span style="letter-spacing: 0.3pt;">c</span>y<span style="letter-spacing: 1.1pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">r</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">e</span>qui<span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">r</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">e</span>s<span style="letter-spacing: 1.2pt;"> </span>th<span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">a</span>t<span style="letter-spacing: 1.45pt;"> </span>on<span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">l</span>y<span style="letter-spacing: 1.2pt;"> </span>one<span style="letter-spacing: 1.55pt;"> </span>p<span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">r</span>o<span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">c</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">e</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">ss</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.15pt;">e</span>s<span style="letter-spacing: 1.35pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">s</span>hould<span style="letter-spacing: 1.45pt;"> </span>upd<span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">a</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">t</span>e<span style="letter-spacing: 1.55pt;"> </span>the<span style="letter-spacing: 1.5pt;"> </span>v<span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">a</span>l<span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">u</span>e<span style="letter-spacing: 1.35pt;"> </span>of<span style="letter-spacing: 1.45pt;"> </span>a<span style="letter-spacing: 1.35pt;"> </span>d<span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">a</span>ta<span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;"> </span>i<span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">t</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">e</span>m<span style="letter-spacing: 1.2pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">a</span>t <span style="letter-spacing: -1.2pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">a</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.25pt;">n</span>y<span style="letter-spacing: 1.3pt;"> </span>ti<span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">m</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">e</span>.<span style="letter-spacing: 1.25pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">T</span>his<span style="letter-spacing: 1.25pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">i</span>s<span style="letter-spacing: 1.2pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">e</span>n<span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">s</span>u<span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">r</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">e</span>d<span style="letter-spacing: 1.45pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">t</span>h<span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">r</span>o<span style="letter-spacing: 0.15pt;">u</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">g</span>h<span style="letter-spacing: 1.4pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">t</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.15pt;">h</span>e<span style="letter-spacing: 1.4pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.15pt;">n</span>otion<span style="letter-spacing: 1.3pt;"> </span>of<span style="letter-spacing: 1.3pt;"> </span>a<span style="letter-spacing: 1.45pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">c</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">r</span>it<span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">i</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">ca</span>l<span style="letter-spacing: 1.3pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.2pt;">s</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">e</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">c</span>ti<span style="letter-spacing: 0.15pt;">o</span>n.<span style="letter-spacing: 1.35pt;"> </span>A<span style="letter-spacing: 1.5pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">c</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">r</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">i</span>ti<span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">c</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">a</span>l<span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">s</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">ec</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">t</span>ion<span style="letter-spacing: 1.35pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">f</span>or<span style="letter-spacing: 1.2pt;"> </span>d<span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">a</span>ta <span style="letter-spacing: -1.25pt;"> </span>it<span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">e</span>m<span style="letter-spacing: 1.45pt;"> </span>d<span style="letter-spacing: 1.45pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">i</span>s<span style="letter-spacing: 1.3pt;"> </span>a<span style="letter-spacing: 1.35pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">sec</span>tion<span style="letter-spacing: 1.45pt;"> </span>of<span style="letter-spacing: 1.3pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">c</span>od<span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">e</span>,<span style="letter-spacing: 1.25pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">w</span>h<span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">i</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">c</span>h<span style="letter-spacing: 1.5pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.15pt;">c</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">a</span>nnot<span style="letter-spacing: 1.4pt;"> </span>be<span style="letter-spacing: 1.55pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">e</span>x<span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">e</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">c</span>u<span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">t</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">e</span>d<span style="letter-spacing: 1.3pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">c</span>on<span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">c</span>u<span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">rr</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">e</span>nt<span style="letter-spacing: 0.25pt;">l</span>y<span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">w</span>ith<span style="letter-spacing: 0.85pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">i</span>t<span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">s</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">e</span>lf<span style="letter-spacing: 1pt;"> </span>or<span style="letter-spacing: 0.95pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">w</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">i</span>th<span style="letter-spacing: 1pt;"> </span>oth<span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">e</span>r<span style="letter-spacing: 0.8pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">c</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">r</span>i<span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">t</span>i<span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">c</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">a</span>l<span style="letter-spacing: 0.95pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">s</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">e</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">c</span>tions<span style="letter-spacing: 1pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">f</span>or<span style="letter-spacing: 0.85pt;"> </span>d.<span style="letter-spacing: 1.05pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.15pt;">C</span>on<span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">s</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">i</span>d<span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">e</span>r<span style="letter-spacing: 0.95pt;"> </span>a<span style="letter-spacing: 0.85pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.3pt;">s</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.35pt;">y</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">s</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">t</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">e</span>m<span style="letter-spacing: 1.05pt;"> </span>of<span style="letter-spacing: 0.95pt;"> </span>n<span style="letter-spacing: 0.95pt;"> </span>p<span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">r</span>o<span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">c</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">e</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">s</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">s</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">e</span>s<span style="letter-spacing: 1pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">(</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">P</span></span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 7.5pt; letter-spacing: 0.05pt; line-height: 100%; position: relative; top: 1.5pt;">0</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;">,<span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;"> P</span></span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 7.5pt; letter-spacing: 0.05pt; line-height: 100%; position: relative; top: 1.5pt;">1</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">,</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;">…,</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;"> P<span style="letter-spacing: 0.95pt;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 7.5pt; letter-spacing: 0.05pt; line-height: 100%; position: relative; top: 1.5pt;">n</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 7.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.1pt; line-height: 100%; position: relative; top: 1.5pt;">-</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 7.5pt; letter-spacing: 0.05pt; line-height: 100%; position: relative; top: 1.5pt;">1</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">)</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;">,<span style="letter-spacing: 0.75pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">e</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">ac</span>h<span style="letter-spacing: 0.95pt;"> </span>p<span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">r</span>o<span style="letter-spacing: 0.15pt;">c</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">e</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">s</span>s<span style="letter-spacing: 0.9pt;"> </span>h<span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">a</span>s<span style="letter-spacing: 0.9pt;"> </span>a<span style="letter-spacing: 0.75pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">se</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">g</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">m</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">e</span>nt<span style="letter-spacing: 0.8pt;"> </span>of<span style="letter-spacing: 0.95pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">c</span>o<span style="letter-spacing: 0.15pt;">d</span>e<span style="letter-spacing: 0.75pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">c</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">a</span>l<span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">l</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">e</span>d<span style="letter-spacing: 0.95pt;"> </span>a<span style="letter-spacing: 1pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">c</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">r</span>i<span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">t</span>i<span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">c</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">a</span>l<span style="letter-spacing: 0.8pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">se</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">c</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">t</span>ion,<span style="letter-spacing: 0.9pt;"> </span>in<span style="letter-spacing: 0.9pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">w</span>hi<span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">c</span>h the<span style="letter-spacing: 0.55pt;"> </span>p<span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">r</span>o<span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">c</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">ese</span>s<span style="letter-spacing: 0.65pt;"> </span>m<span style="letter-spacing: 0.15pt;">a</span>y<span style="letter-spacing: 0.55pt;"> </span>be<span style="letter-spacing: 0.6pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">c</span>h<span style="letter-spacing: 0.15pt;">a</span>n<span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">g</span>i<span style="letter-spacing: 0.15pt;">n</span>g<span style="letter-spacing: 0.5pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">c</span>ommon<span style="letter-spacing: 0.6pt;"> </span>v<span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">a</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">r</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">i</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">a</span>bl<span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">e</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">s</span>,<span style="letter-spacing: 0.8pt;"> </span>upd<span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">a</span>t<span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">i</span>ng<span style="letter-spacing: 0.7pt;"> </span>a<span style="letter-spacing: 0.65pt;"> </span>t<span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">a</span>b<span style="letter-spacing: 0.25pt;">l</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">e</span>,<span style="letter-spacing: 0.6pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">w</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">r</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">i</span>ting<span style="letter-spacing: 0.75pt;"> </span>a<span style="letter-spacing: 0.5pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">f</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">i</span>l<span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">e</span>,<span style="letter-spacing: 0.6pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">a</span>nd <span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">s</span>o<span style="letter-spacing: 0.15pt;"> </span>on.<span style="letter-spacing: 0.45pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">T</span>he<span style="letter-spacing: 0.25pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">i</span>mpo<span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">r</span>t<span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">a</span>nt<span style="letter-spacing: 0.15pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">f</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">e</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">a</span>tu<span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">r</span>e<span style="letter-spacing: 0.2pt;"> </span>of<span style="letter-spacing: 0.35pt;"> </span>the<span style="letter-spacing: 0.4pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">s</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.25pt;">y</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">s</span>t<span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">e</span>m<span style="letter-spacing: 0.35pt;"> </span>is<span style="letter-spacing: 0.35pt;"> </span>th<span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">a</span>t,<span style="letter-spacing: 0.2pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">w</span>h<span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">e</span>n<span style="letter-spacing: 0.3pt;"> </span>one<span style="letter-spacing: 0.45pt;"> </span>p<span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">r</span>o<span style="letter-spacing: 0.15pt;">c</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">e</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">s</span>s<span style="letter-spacing: 0.3pt;"> </span>is<span style="letter-spacing: 0.35pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">e</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.15pt;">x</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">e</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">c</span>ut<span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">i</span>ng<span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;"> i</span>n<span style="letter-spacing: 0.2pt;"> </span>i<span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">t</span>s<span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">c</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">r</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">i</span>ti<span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">c</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">a</span>l<span style="letter-spacing: 1.65pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">s</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">ec</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">t</span>ion,<span style="letter-spacing: 1.75pt;"> </span>no<span style="letter-spacing: 1.9pt;"> </span>oth<span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">e</span>r<span style="letter-spacing: 2pt;"> </span>p<span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">r</span>o<span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">ce</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">s</span>s<span style="letter-spacing: 1.7pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">i</span>s<span style="letter-spacing: 1.65pt;"> </span>to<span style="letter-spacing: 1.85pt;"> </span>be<span style="letter-spacing: 1.8pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">a</span>l<span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">l</span>o<span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">w</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.15pt;">e</span>d<span style="letter-spacing: 1.65pt;"> </span>to <span style="letter-spacing: -0.8pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">e</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.15pt;">x</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">e</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">c</span>ute<span style="letter-spacing: 1.7pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">i</span>n<span style="letter-spacing: 1.6pt;"> </span>i<span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">t</span>s<span style="letter-spacing: 1.65pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">c</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">r</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">i</span>ti<span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">c</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">a</span>l<span style="letter-spacing: 1.75pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">s</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">ec</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">t</span>ion.<span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">T</span>hus<span style="letter-spacing: 0.2pt;"> </span>the<span style="letter-spacing: 0.3pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">e</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.15pt;">x</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">e</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">c</span>ution<span style="letter-spacing: 0.25pt;"> </span>of<span style="letter-spacing: 0.15pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">c</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">r</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">i</span>t<span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">i</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">ca</span>l<span style="letter-spacing: 0.2pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">s</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">e</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">c</span>tions<span style="letter-spacing: 0.15pt;"> b</span>y t<span style="letter-spacing: 0.15pt;">h</span>e<span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;"> </span>p<span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">r</span>o<span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">ce</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">s</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">s</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">e</span>s<span style="letter-spacing: 0.3pt;"> </span>is<span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;"> </span>mu<span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">t</span>u<span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">a</span>l<span style="letter-spacing: 0.25pt;">l</span>y<span style="letter-spacing: -0.2pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">e</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.15pt;">x</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">c</span>lu<span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">s</span>ive<span style="letter-spacing: 0.15pt;"> </span>in<span style="letter-spacing: 0.3pt;"> </span>t<span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">i</span>m<span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">e</span>.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 11.0pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: .95pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;"><br />
</div></div><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 11pt;"><br clear="all" style="mso-break-type: section-break; page-break-before: auto;" /> </span> <br />
<div class="WordSection10"><div align="right" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 1.4pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: right; text-autospace: none;"><b><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">r</span></b><b><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; letter-spacing: 0.15pt;">e</span></b><b><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; letter-spacing: -0.15pt;">p</span></b><b><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; letter-spacing: 0.15pt;">e</span></b><b><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;">at</span></b><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;"><o:p></o:p></span></div><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 11pt;"><br clear="all" /> </span> <br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 10.0pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;"><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 10pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 13.0pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: .15pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;"><span style="position: relative; z-index: -2;"><span style="height: 28px; left: 394px; position: absolute; top: -6px; width: 108px;"><img height="28" src="file:///C:/Users/arvind/AppData/Local/Temp/msohtmlclip1/01/clip_image027.gif" v:shapes="_x0000_s1040" width="108" /></span></span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">E</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;">nt<span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">r</span>y<span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">s</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">ec</span>tion<o:p></o:p></span></div></div><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 11pt;"><br clear="all" style="mso-break-type: section-break; page-break-before: auto;" /> </span> <br />
<div class="WordSection11"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 2.8in; margin-right: 171.5pt; margin-top: 4.25pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: center; text-autospace: none;"><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">c</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">r</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;">i<span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">t</span>i<span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">c</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">a</span>l<span style="letter-spacing: 0.2pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">s</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">e</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">c</span>t<span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">i</span>on<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 5.0pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: .45pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;"><br />
</div><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 215.85pt; margin-right: 169.7pt; margin-top: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: center; text-autospace: none;"><span style="position: relative; z-index: -1;"><span style="height: 28px; left: 394px; position: absolute; top: -6px; width: 108px;"><img height="28" src="file:///C:/Users/arvind/AppData/Local/Temp/msohtmlclip1/01/clip_image027.gif" v:shapes="_x0000_s1041" width="108" /></span></span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">E</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; letter-spacing: 0.15pt;">x</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;">it<span style="letter-spacing: 0.25pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">s</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">e</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">c</span>t<span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">i</span>on<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 8.0pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: .25pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;"><br />
</div><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 201.5pt; margin-right: 157.2pt; margin-top: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: center; text-autospace: none;"><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">r</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">e</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">m</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">a</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;">ind<span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">e</span>r<span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.2pt;">s</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">ec</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">t</span>ion<o:p></o:p></span></div><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 174.95pt; margin-right: 204.55pt; margin-top: .3pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: center; text-autospace: none;"><b><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;">un<span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">t</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">i</span>l<span style="letter-spacing: 0.35pt;"> </span></span></b><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;">F<span style="letter-spacing: 0.15pt;">A</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.3pt;">L</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">S</span>E</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;"><o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 6.0pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: .25pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 10.0pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 10.0pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 102%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 41.45pt; margin-right: 62.0pt; margin-top: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;"><b><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;">Solu<span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">t</span>i<span style="letter-spacing: 0.15pt;">o</span>n<span style="letter-spacing: 0.5pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">t</span>o<span style="letter-spacing: 0.3pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">t</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.15pt;">h</span>e<span style="letter-spacing: 0.2pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">Cr</span>i<span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">t</span>i<span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">c</span>al<span style="letter-spacing: 0.15pt;"> </span>S<span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">ec</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">t</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">i</span>on<span style="letter-spacing: 0.2pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">P</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">r</span>obl<span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">e</span>m<span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;"> </span></span></b><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">m</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;">u<span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">s</span>t<span style="letter-spacing: 0.25pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">s</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">a</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">t</span>i<span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">s</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">f</span>y the<span style="letter-spacing: 0.4pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">f</span>o<span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">l</span>lo<span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">w</span>ing<span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">t</span>h<span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">r</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">e</span>e <span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">c</span>ond<span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">i</span>tion<span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">s</span>:<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 14.05pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 41.45pt; margin-right: 9.15pt; margin-top: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; mso-pagination: none; tab-stops: 75.0pt; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;"><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; position: relative; top: -1pt;">1.<span style="letter-spacing: -2.6pt;"> </span> <b><span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">M</span>u<span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">t</span>ual<span style="letter-spacing: 1.5pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">E</span>x<span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">c</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">l</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.15pt;">u</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">s</span>ion</b>. <span style="letter-spacing: 2.5pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.15pt;">I</span>f<span style="letter-spacing: 1.35pt;"> </span>p<span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">r</span>o<span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">c</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">e</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">s</span>s<span style="letter-spacing: 1.25pt;"> </span><i><span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">P</span></i></span><i><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; position: relative; top: 0.5pt;">i<span style="letter-spacing: 1.4pt;"> </span></span></i><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; letter-spacing: 0.1pt; position: relative; top: -1pt;">i</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; position: relative; top: -1pt;">s<span style="letter-spacing: 1.3pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">e</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.15pt;">x</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">ec</span>u<span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">t</span>ing<span style="letter-spacing: 1.3pt;"> </span>in<span style="letter-spacing: 1.5pt;"> </span>i<span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">t</span>s<span style="letter-spacing: 1.3pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">c</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">r</span>iti<span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">c</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">a</span>l<span style="letter-spacing: 1.4pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">s</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">e</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">c</span>tion,<span style="letter-spacing: 1.4pt;"> </span>th<span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">e</span>n<span style="letter-spacing: 1.5pt;"> </span>no</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;"><o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 41.45pt; margin-right: 140.85pt; margin-top: .35pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;"><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;">oth<span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">e</span>r<span style="letter-spacing: 0.3pt;"> </span>p<span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">r</span>o<span style="letter-spacing: 0.15pt;">c</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">e</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">s</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">s</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">e</span>s<span style="letter-spacing: 0.15pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">c</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">a</span>n<span style="letter-spacing: 0.25pt;"> </span>be<span style="letter-spacing: 0.25pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">e</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.15pt;">x</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">e</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">c</span>uting<span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;"> </span>in<span style="letter-spacing: 0.3pt;"> </span>th<span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">e</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">i</span>r<span style="letter-spacing: 0.25pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">c</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">r</span>it<span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">i</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">ca</span>l<span style="letter-spacing: 0.2pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">se</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">c</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">t</span>ion<span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">s</span>.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 102%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 41.45pt; margin-right: 9.1pt; margin-top: .3pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; tab-stops: 75.0pt; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;"><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;">2.<span style="letter-spacing: -2.6pt;"> </span> <b><span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">P</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.15pt;">r</span>og<span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">r</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">ess</span></b>. <span style="letter-spacing: 0.55pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.25pt;">I</span>f<span style="letter-spacing: 0.25pt;"> </span>no<span style="letter-spacing: 0.35pt;"> </span>p<span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">r</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.15pt;">o</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">c</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">e</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">s</span>s<span style="letter-spacing: 0.3pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.25pt;">i</span>s<span style="letter-spacing: 0.25pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">e</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.15pt;">x</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">e</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">c</span>uting<span style="letter-spacing: 0.25pt;"> </span>in<span style="letter-spacing: 0.4pt;"> </span>its<span style="letter-spacing: 0.4pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">c</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">r</span>it<span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">i</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">c</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">a</span>l<span style="letter-spacing: 0.35pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">s</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">e</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">c</span>tion<span style="letter-spacing: 0.35pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">a</span>nd<span style="letter-spacing: 0.25pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">t</span>h<span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">e</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">r</span>e<span style="letter-spacing: 0.2pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">e</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.15pt;">x</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">i</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">s</span>t<span style="letter-spacing: 0.35pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">s</span>ome p<span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">r</span>o<span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">c</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">e</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">s</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">s</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">e</span>s<span style="letter-spacing: 1.25pt;"> </span>th<span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">a</span>t<span style="letter-spacing: 1.35pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">w</span>i<span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">s</span>h<span style="letter-spacing: 1.25pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">t</span>o<span style="letter-spacing: 1.25pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">e</span>nt<span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">e</span>r<span style="letter-spacing: 1.3pt;"> </span>th<span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">e</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">i</span>r<span style="letter-spacing: 1.35pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">c</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">r</span>i<span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">t</span>i<span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">c</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">a</span>l<span style="letter-spacing: 1.3pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">s</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.15pt;">e</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">c</span>t<span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">i</span>on,<span style="letter-spacing: 1.25pt;"> </span>th<span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">e</span>n<span style="letter-spacing: 1.35pt;"> </span>the<span style="letter-spacing: 1.4pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">s</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">e</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">l</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">ec</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">t</span>ion<span style="letter-spacing: 1.3pt;"> </span>of<span style="letter-spacing: 1.35pt;"> </span>t<span style="letter-spacing: 0.15pt;">h</span>e<span style="letter-spacing: 1.2pt;"> </span>p<span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">r</span>o<span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">c</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">e</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">sse</span>s<span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;"> </span>th<span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">a</span>t<span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">w</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">i</span>ll<span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">e</span>nt<span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">e</span>r<span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;"> t</span>he <span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">c</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">r</span>it<span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">i</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">ca</span>l<span style="letter-spacing: 0.35pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">s</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">e</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">c</span>tion<span style="letter-spacing: 0.25pt;"> </span>n<span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">e</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.15pt;">x</span>t<span style="letter-spacing: 0.2pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">c</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">a</span>nnot<span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;"> </span>be<span style="letter-spacing: 0.25pt;"> </span>po<span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">s</span>tpon<span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">e</span>d<span style="letter-spacing: 0.2pt;"> </span>ind<span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">e</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">f</span>ini<span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">t</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">e</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">l</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">y</span>.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 102%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 41.45pt; margin-right: 9.4pt; margin-top: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; tab-stops: 75.0pt; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;"><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;">3.<span style="letter-spacing: -2.6pt;"> </span> <b><span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">B</span>ound<span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">e</span>d<span style="letter-spacing: 1.7pt;"> </span>Wai<span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">t</span>ing</b>. <span style="letter-spacing: 1.15pt;"> </span>A<span style="letter-spacing: 1.75pt;"> </span>bound<span style="letter-spacing: 2.05pt;"> </span>mu<span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">s</span>t<span style="letter-spacing: 1.7pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">e</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.15pt;">x</span>i<span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">s</span>t<span style="letter-spacing: 1.65pt;"> </span>on<span style="letter-spacing: 1.65pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">t</span>he<span style="letter-spacing: 1.4pt;"> </span>numb<span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">e</span>r<span style="letter-spacing: 2pt;"> </span>of<span style="letter-spacing: 1.7pt;"> </span>ti<span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">m</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">e</span>s<span style="letter-spacing: 1.6pt;"> </span>th<span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">a</span>t<span style="letter-spacing: 1.7pt;"> </span>oth<span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">e</span>r p<span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">r</span>o<span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">c</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">e</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">s</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">s</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">e</span>s<span style="letter-spacing: 0.3pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">a</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">r</span>e<span style="letter-spacing: 0.25pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">a</span>l<span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">l</span>o<span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">we</span>d<span style="letter-spacing: 0.25pt;"> </span>to<span style="letter-spacing: 0.55pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">e</span>nt<span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">e</span>r<span style="letter-spacing: 0.2pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">t</span>h<span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">e</span>ir<span style="letter-spacing: 0.4pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">c</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">r</span>i<span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">t</span>i<span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">ca</span>l<span style="letter-spacing: 0.2pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">s</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">e</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">c</span>tio<span style="letter-spacing: 0.15pt;">n</span>s<span style="letter-spacing: 0.3pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">a</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">f</span>t<span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">e</span>r<span style="letter-spacing: 0.3pt;"> </span>a<span style="letter-spacing: 0.25pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.15pt;">p</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">r</span>o<span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">ce</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">s</span>s<span style="letter-spacing: 0.4pt;"> </span>h<span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">a</span>s<span style="letter-spacing: 0.4pt;"> </span>m<span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">a</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.15pt;">d</span>e<span style="letter-spacing: 0.3pt;"> </span>a<span style="letter-spacing: 0.4pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">r</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">e</span>qu<span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">e</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">s</span>t<span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;"> </span>to<span style="letter-spacing: 0.15pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">e</span>n<span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">t</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">e</span>r <span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">i</span>ts<span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;"> c</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">r</span>it<span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">i</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">ca</span>l<span style="letter-spacing: 0.2pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">s</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">ec</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">t</span>i<span style="letter-spacing: 0.15pt;">o</span>n<span style="letter-spacing: 0.25pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">a</span>nd<span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;"> </span>b<span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">e</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">f</span>o<span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">r</span>e<span style="letter-spacing: 0.15pt;"> </span>th<span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">a</span>t<span style="letter-spacing: 0.25pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">r</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">e</span>q<span style="letter-spacing: 0.15pt;">u</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">e</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">s</span>t<span style="letter-spacing: 0.3pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">i</span>s<span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">g</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">r</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">a</span>n<span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">t</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">e</span>d.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 41.45pt; margin-right: 144.4pt; margin-top: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;"><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;">—<span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">A</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">s</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">s</span>ume<span style="letter-spacing: 0.25pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">t</span>h<span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">a</span>t<span style="letter-spacing: 0.15pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">ea</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">c</span>h<span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.15pt;">p</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">r</span>o<span style="letter-spacing: 0.15pt;">c</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">e</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">s</span>s<span style="letter-spacing: 0.15pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">e</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.15pt;">x</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">e</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">c</span>ut<span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">e</span>s<span style="letter-spacing: 0.3pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">a</span>t<span style="letter-spacing: 0.2pt;"> </span>a<span style="letter-spacing: 0.15pt;"> </span>non<span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">z</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">e</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">r</span>o<span style="letter-spacing: 0.55pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">s</span>p<span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">e</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">e</span>d<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 41.45pt; margin-right: 116.5pt; margin-top: .2pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;"><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;">—<span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">N</span>o<span style="letter-spacing: 0.2pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">a</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">s</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">s</span>ump<span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">t</span>ion<span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">c</span>on<span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">ce</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">r</span>n<span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">i</span>ng <span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">r</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">e</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">l</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">a</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">t</span>ive<span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">s</span>p<span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">e</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">e</span>d<span style="letter-spacing: 0.25pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.15pt;">o</span>f<span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;"> </span>the<span style="letter-spacing: 0.4pt;"> </span><i>n<span style="letter-spacing: 0.25pt;"> </span></i>p<span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">r</span>o<span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">ce</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">ss</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">e</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">s</span>.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 26.0pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 47.2pt; margin-right: 23.8pt; margin-top: .15pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; tab-stops: 404.0pt; text-autospace: none; text-indent: -.55in;"><b><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;">Q<span style="letter-spacing: 0.2pt;">.</span>2<span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">0</span>.<span style="letter-spacing: 0.35pt;"> </span></span></b><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">D</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">e</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">s</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">c</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">r</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;">ibe<span style="letter-spacing: 0.2pt;"> </span>a<span style="letter-spacing: 0.15pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">s</span>olut<span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">i</span>on<span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;"> </span>to<span style="letter-spacing: 0.3pt;"> </span>the<span style="letter-spacing: 0.3pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">D</span>ining<span style="letter-spacing: 0.15pt;"> </span>phi<span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">l</span>o<span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">s</span>oph<span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">e</span>r<span style="letter-spacing: 0.25pt;"> </span>p<span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">r</span>obl<span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">e</span>m<span style="letter-spacing: 0.25pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">s</span>o<span style="letter-spacing: 0.25pt;"> </span>th<span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">a</span>t<span style="letter-spacing: 0.25pt;"> </span>no<span style="letter-spacing: 0.35pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">r</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">a</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">ce</span>s<span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">a</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">r</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">i</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">s</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">e</span>.<span style="letter-spacing: -2.4pt;"> </span> <b><span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">(</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.15pt;">4</span>) <span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">A</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.15pt;">n</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">s</span>:</b><o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 41.45pt; margin-right: 192.5pt; margin-top: .05pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;"><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;">A<span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">s</span>olu<span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">t</span>ion<span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;"> t</span>o<span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;"> </span>the<span style="letter-spacing: 0.3pt;"> </span>d<span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">i</span>ning<span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;"> </span>philo<span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">s</span>oph<span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">e</span>r<span style="letter-spacing: 0.5pt;"> </span>p<span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">r</span>obl<span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">e</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">m</span><b>:</b><o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 44.3pt; margin-right: 340.9pt; margin-top: 3.45pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;"><b><span style="font-family: 'Courier New'; font-size: 9pt; letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">monito</span></b><b><span style="font-family: 'Courier New'; font-size: 9pt;">r</span></b><b><span style="font-family: 'Courier New'; font-size: 9pt; letter-spacing: 0.25pt;"> </span></b><b><span style="font-family: 'Courier New'; font-size: 9pt; letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">D</span></b><b><span style="font-family: 'Courier New'; font-size: 9pt;">P</span></b><span style="font-family: 'Courier New'; font-size: 9pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 9.65pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 70.2pt; margin-right: 363.75pt; margin-top: .35pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; mso-pagination: none; text-align: center; text-autospace: none;"><b><span style="font-family: 'Courier New'; font-size: 9pt;">{</span></b><span style="font-family: 'Courier New'; font-size: 9pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 10.0pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: .05pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;"><br />
</div><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 212.15pt; margin-right: 215.9pt; margin-top: 1.4pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: center; text-autospace: none;"><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;">24</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></div><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 11pt;"><br clear="all" style="mso-break-type: section-break; page-break-before: always;" /> </span> <br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 7.6pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 3.0pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; tab-stops: 246.0pt; text-autospace: none;"><b><u><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">D</span></u></b><b><u><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">C</span></u></b><b><u><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;">14 <span style="letter-spacing: -0.15pt;">S</span>y<span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">s</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">t</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">e</span>m<span style="letter-spacing: 0.15pt;"> </span>So<span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">f</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">t</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">w</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">a</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.15pt;">r</span>e and<span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">O</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.15pt;">p</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">er</span>a<span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">t</span>ing<span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;"> </span>Sy<span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">s</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">t</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">e</span>m</span></u></b><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;"><o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 10.0pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: .65pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 75.3pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 2.7pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;"><b><span style="font-family: 'Courier New'; font-size: 9pt; letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">enu</span></b><b><span style="font-family: 'Courier New'; font-size: 9pt;">m<span style="letter-spacing: 0.4pt;"> </span>{<span style="letter-spacing: 0.45pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">THINKING</span>;<span style="letter-spacing: 0.45pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">HUNGRY</span>,<span style="letter-spacing: 0.45pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">EATING</span>)<span style="letter-spacing: 0.45pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">stat</span>e<span style="letter-spacing: 0.45pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">[5</span>]<span style="letter-spacing: 0.45pt;"> </span>;</span></b><span style="font-family: 'Courier New'; font-size: 9pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 75.3pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: .35pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;"><b><span style="font-family: 'Courier New'; font-size: 9pt; letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">conditio</span></b><b><span style="font-family: 'Courier New'; font-size: 9pt;">n<span style="letter-spacing: 0.4pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">sel</span>f<span style="letter-spacing: 0.45pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">[5]</span>;</span></b><span style="font-family: 'Courier New'; font-size: 9pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 104%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 114.75pt; margin-right: 225.2pt; margin-top: .6pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none; text-indent: -39.5pt;"><b><span style="font-family: 'Courier New'; font-size: 9pt; letter-spacing: 0.05pt; line-height: 104%;">voi</span></b><b><span style="font-family: 'Courier New'; font-size: 9pt; line-height: 104%;">d<span style="letter-spacing: 0.4pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">picku</span>p<span style="letter-spacing: 0.45pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">(in</span>t<span style="letter-spacing: 0.45pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">i</span>)<span style="letter-spacing: 0.45pt;"> </span>{ <span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">state[i</span>]<span style="letter-spacing: 0.25pt;"> </span>=<span style="letter-spacing: 0.25pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">HUNGRY</span>;<span style="letter-spacing: 0.2pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">test(i)</span>;</span></b><span style="font-family: 'Courier New'; font-size: 9pt; line-height: 104%;"><o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 9.65pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 114.75pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: .05pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;"><b><span style="font-family: 'Courier New'; font-size: 9pt; letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">i</span></b><b><span style="font-family: 'Courier New'; font-size: 9pt;">f<span style="letter-spacing: 0.4pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">(state[i</span>]<span style="letter-spacing: 0.45pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">!</span>=<span style="letter-spacing: 0.45pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">EATING</span>)<span style="letter-spacing: 0.45pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">sel</span>f<span style="letter-spacing: 0.45pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">[i].wait</span>;</span></b><span style="font-family: 'Courier New'; font-size: 9pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 75.3pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: .9pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;"><b><span style="font-family: 'Courier New'; font-size: 9pt;">}</span></b><span style="font-family: 'Courier New'; font-size: 9pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 114.75pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: .45pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;"><b><span style="font-family: 'Courier New'; font-size: 9pt; letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">voi</span></b><b><span style="font-family: 'Courier New'; font-size: 9pt;">d<span style="letter-spacing: 0.4pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">putdow</span>n<span style="letter-spacing: 0.45pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">(in</span>t<span style="letter-spacing: 0.45pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">i</span>)<span style="letter-spacing: 0.45pt;"> </span>{</span></b><span style="font-family: 'Courier New'; font-size: 9pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 114.75pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: .45pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;"><b><span style="font-family: 'Courier New'; font-size: 9pt; letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">state[i</span></b><b><span style="font-family: 'Courier New'; font-size: 9pt;">]<span style="letter-spacing: 0.4pt;"> </span>=<span style="letter-spacing: 0.45pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">THINKING</span>;</span></b><span style="font-family: 'Courier New'; font-size: 9pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 103%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 120.4pt; margin-right: 98.85pt; margin-top: .45pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none; text-indent: 41.75pt;"><b><span style="font-family: 'Courier New'; font-size: 9pt; letter-spacing: 0.05pt; line-height: 103%;">/</span></b><b><span style="font-family: 'Courier New'; font-size: 9pt; line-height: 103%;">/<span style="letter-spacing: 0.4pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">tes</span>t<span style="letter-spacing: 0.45pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">lef</span>t<span style="letter-spacing: 0.45pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">an</span>d<span style="letter-spacing: 0.45pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">righ</span>t<span style="letter-spacing: 0.25pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">neighbor</span>s<span style="letter-spacing: 0.2pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">test((</span>i<span style="letter-spacing: 0.25pt;"> </span>+<span style="letter-spacing: 0.45pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">4</span>)<span style="letter-spacing: 0.45pt;"> </span>%<span style="letter-spacing: 0.45pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">5)</span>;</span></b><span style="font-family: 'Courier New'; font-size: 9pt; line-height: 103%;"><o:p></o:p></span></div><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 118.7pt; margin-right: 219.4pt; margin-top: .1pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: center; text-autospace: none;"><b><span style="font-family: 'Courier New'; font-size: 9pt; letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">test((</span></b><b><span style="font-family: 'Courier New'; font-size: 9pt;">i<span style="letter-spacing: 0.4pt;"> </span>+<span style="letter-spacing: 0.45pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">1</span>)<span style="letter-spacing: 0.45pt;"> </span>%<span style="letter-spacing: 0.25pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">5)</span>;</span></b><span style="font-family: 'Courier New'; font-size: 9pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 9.65pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 100.1pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: .45pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;"><b><span style="font-family: 'Courier New'; font-size: 9pt;">}</span></b><span style="font-family: 'Courier New'; font-size: 9pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 55.0pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: .9pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;"><b><span style="font-family: 'Courier New'; font-size: 9pt; letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">voi</span></b><b><span style="font-family: 'Courier New'; font-size: 9pt;">d<span style="letter-spacing: 0.4pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">tes</span>t<span style="letter-spacing: 0.45pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">(in</span>t<span style="letter-spacing: 0.45pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">i</span>)<span style="letter-spacing: 0.45pt;"> </span>{</span></b><span style="font-family: 'Courier New'; font-size: 9pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 103%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 120.4pt; margin-right: 106.8pt; margin-top: .6pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;"><b><span style="font-family: 'Courier New'; font-size: 9pt; letter-spacing: 0.05pt; line-height: 103%;">i</span></b><b><span style="font-family: 'Courier New'; font-size: 9pt; line-height: 103%;">f<span style="letter-spacing: 0.4pt;"> </span>(<span style="letter-spacing: 0.45pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">(state[(</span>i<span style="letter-spacing: 0.45pt;"> </span>+<span style="letter-spacing: 0.45pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">4</span>)<span style="letter-spacing: 0.45pt;"> </span>%<span style="letter-spacing: 0.45pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">5</span>]<span style="letter-spacing: 0.45pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">!</span>=<span style="letter-spacing: 0.45pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">EATING</span>)<span style="letter-spacing: 0.25pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">&</span>&<span style="letter-spacing: 0.2pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">(state[i</span>]<span style="letter-spacing: 0.25pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">=</span>=<span style="letter-spacing: 0.45pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">HUNGRY</span>)<span style="letter-spacing: 0.45pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">&</span>&</span></b><span style="font-family: 'Courier New'; font-size: 9pt; line-height: 103%;"><o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 120.4pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;"><b><span style="font-family: 'Courier New'; font-size: 9pt; letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">(state[(</span></b><b><span style="font-family: 'Courier New'; font-size: 9pt;">i<span style="letter-spacing: 0.4pt;"> </span>+<span style="letter-spacing: 0.45pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">1</span>)<span style="letter-spacing: 0.45pt;"> </span>%<span style="letter-spacing: 0.45pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">5</span>]<span style="letter-spacing: 0.45pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">!</span>=<span style="letter-spacing: 0.45pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">EATING</span>)<span style="letter-spacing: 0.45pt;"> </span>)<span style="letter-spacing: 0.45pt;"> </span>{</span></b><span style="font-family: 'Courier New'; font-size: 9pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 146.85pt; margin-right: 185.5pt; margin-top: .6pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: center; text-autospace: none;"><b><span style="font-family: 'Courier New'; font-size: 9pt; letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">state[i</span></b><b><span style="font-family: 'Courier New'; font-size: 9pt;">]<span style="letter-spacing: 0.4pt;"> </span>=<span style="letter-spacing: 0.45pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">EATIN</span>G<span style="letter-spacing: 0.25pt;"> </span>;</span></b><span style="font-family: 'Courier New'; font-size: 9pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 9.65pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 131.7pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: .35pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;"><b><span style="font-family: 'Courier New'; font-size: 9pt; letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">self[i].signa</span></b><b><span style="font-family: 'Courier New'; font-size: 9pt;">l<span style="letter-spacing: 0.4pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">(</span>)<span style="letter-spacing: 0.45pt;"> </span>;</span></b><span style="font-family: 'Courier New'; font-size: 9pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 126.05pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 1.05pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;"><b><span style="font-family: 'Courier New'; font-size: 9pt;">}</span></b><span style="font-family: 'Courier New'; font-size: 9pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 80.9pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: .45pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;"><b><span style="font-family: 'Courier New'; font-size: 9pt;">}</span></b><span style="font-family: 'Courier New'; font-size: 9pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 94.5pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: .35pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;"><b><span style="font-family: 'Courier New'; font-size: 9pt; letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">initialization_code(</span></b><b><span style="font-family: 'Courier New'; font-size: 9pt;">)<span style="letter-spacing: 0.4pt;"> </span>{</span></b><span style="font-family: 'Courier New'; font-size: 9pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 114.75pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: .45pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;"><b><span style="font-family: 'Courier New'; font-size: 9pt; letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">fo</span></b><b><span style="font-family: 'Courier New'; font-size: 9pt;">r<span style="letter-spacing: 0.4pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">(in</span>t<span style="letter-spacing: 0.45pt;"> </span>i<span style="letter-spacing: 0.45pt;"> </span>=<span style="letter-spacing: 0.45pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">0</span>;<span style="letter-spacing: 0.45pt;"> </span>i<span style="letter-spacing: 0.45pt;"> </span><<span style="letter-spacing: 0.45pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">5</span>;<span style="letter-spacing: 0.45pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">i++</span>)</span></b><span style="font-family: 'Courier New'; font-size: 9pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 114.75pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: .45pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;"><b><span style="font-family: 'Courier New'; font-size: 9pt; letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">state[i</span></b><b><span style="font-family: 'Courier New'; font-size: 9pt;">]<span style="letter-spacing: 0.4pt;"> </span>=<span style="letter-spacing: 0.45pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">THINKING</span>;</span></b><span style="font-family: 'Courier New'; font-size: 9pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 75.3pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: .45pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;"><b><span style="font-family: 'Courier New'; font-size: 9pt;">}</span></b><span style="font-family: 'Courier New'; font-size: 9pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 9.65pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 55.0pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: .35pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;"><b><span style="font-family: 'Courier New'; font-size: 9pt;">}</span></b><span style="font-family: 'Courier New'; font-size: 9pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 12.0pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: .1pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 103%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 41.45pt; margin-right: 9.3pt; margin-top: 1.4pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;"><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">E</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">a</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">c</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;">h<span style="letter-spacing: 1.5pt;"> </span>philo<span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">s</span>oph<span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">e</span>r<span style="letter-spacing: 1.7pt;"> </span><i>I<span style="letter-spacing: 1.35pt;"> </span></i>inv<span style="letter-spacing: 0.15pt;">o</span>k<span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">e</span>s<span style="letter-spacing: 1.5pt;"> </span>the<span style="letter-spacing: 1.5pt;"> </span>op<span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">e</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">r</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">a</span>t<span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">i</span>ons<span style="letter-spacing: 1.45pt;"> </span>pi<span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">c</span>kup<span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">(</span>)<span style="letter-spacing: 1.3pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">a</span>nd<span style="letter-spacing: 1.45pt;"> </span>putdo<span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">w</span>n<span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">(</span>)<span style="letter-spacing: 1.6pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">i</span>n<span style="letter-spacing: 1.25pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">t</span>he<span style="letter-spacing: 1.3pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">f</span>ollo<span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">w</span>ing<span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;"> s</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">e</span>qu<span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">e</span>n<span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">c</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">e</span>:<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 104%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 114.75pt; margin-right: 281.6pt; margin-top: .25pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none; text-indent: -28.2pt;"><b><span style="font-family: 'Courier New'; font-size: 9pt; letter-spacing: 0.05pt; line-height: 104%;">dp.picku</span></b><b><span style="font-family: 'Courier New'; font-size: 9pt; line-height: 104%;">p</span></b><b><span style="font-family: 'Courier New'; font-size: 9pt; letter-spacing: 0.25pt; line-height: 104%;"> </span></b><b><span style="font-family: 'Courier New'; font-size: 9pt; letter-spacing: 0.05pt; line-height: 104%;">(i</span></b><b><span style="font-family: 'Courier New'; font-size: 9pt; line-height: 104%;">) </span></b><b><span style="font-family: 'Courier New'; font-size: 9pt; letter-spacing: 0.05pt; line-height: 104%;">EA</span></b><b><span style="font-family: 'Courier New'; font-size: 9pt; line-height: 104%;">T</span></b><span style="font-family: 'Courier New'; font-size: 9pt; line-height: 104%;"><o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 92.2pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;"><b><span style="font-family: 'Courier New'; font-size: 9pt; letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">dp.putdow</span></b><b><span style="font-family: 'Courier New'; font-size: 9pt;">n<span style="letter-spacing: 0.4pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">(i</span>)</span></b><span style="font-family: 'Courier New'; font-size: 9pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div><br />
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</div>Anonymoushttp://www.blogger.com/profile/17584789907165764161noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-373343443959566174.post-72523903504416365452012-03-25T20:56:00.002-07:002012-03-25T21:00:14.938-07:00System Software And Operating System Important Descriptive Questions 1<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on"><b><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #674ea7; font-size: large;">System Software & Operating System Important Questions 1</span></b><br />
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<div class="WordSection1"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;"><b><u><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 17pt; letter-spacing: 0.15pt;">D</span></u></b><b><u><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 17pt;">E<span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">SC</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.15pt;">R</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">I</span>PT<span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">I</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">V</span>ES</span></u></b><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 17pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></div><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 17pt;"><br clear="all" style="mso-break-type: section-break; page-break-before: auto;" /> </span> <br />
<div class="WordSection2"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 11.0pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: .5pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 10.5pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 1.4pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; tab-stops: 379.0pt; text-autospace: none;"><b><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;">Q<span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">.</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">1</span>.<span style="letter-spacing: 0.35pt;"> </span></span></b><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">D</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;">i<span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">s</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">c</span>u<span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">s</span>s<span style="letter-spacing: 0.2pt;"> </span>in<span style="letter-spacing: 0.3pt;"> </span>d<span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">e</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">t</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">a</span>il<span style="letter-spacing: 0.2pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">T</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">a</span>ble<span style="letter-spacing: 0.15pt;"> </span>m<span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">a</span>n<span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">a</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">ge</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">m</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">e</span>nt<span style="letter-spacing: 0.25pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">T</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">e</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">c</span>hni<span style="letter-spacing: 0.15pt;">q</span>u<span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">e</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">s</span>?<span style="letter-spacing: -2.4pt;"> </span> <b><span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">(</span>7)</b><o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 13.0pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: .5pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 27.4pt; margin-right: 391.3pt; margin-top: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;"><b><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">A</span></b><b><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;">n<span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">s</span>:</span></b><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;"><o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 27.4pt; margin-right: 231.4pt; margin-top: .05pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;"><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">A</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;">n<span style="letter-spacing: 0.3pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">A</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">ss</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">e</span>mb<span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">l</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">e</span>r<span style="letter-spacing: 0.25pt;"> </span>u<span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">s</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">e</span>s<span style="letter-spacing: 0.15pt;"> </span>the<span style="letter-spacing: 0.3pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">f</span>ol<span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">l</span>o<span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">w</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">i</span>ng<span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;"> </span>t<span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">a</span>b<span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">l</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">e</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">s</span>:<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 102%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 27.9pt; margin-right: 9.2pt; margin-top: .2pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;"><b><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">O</span></b><b><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">P</span></b><b><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">TAB</span></b><b><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;">:<span style="letter-spacing: 2.05pt;"> </span></span></b><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">O</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;">p<span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">e</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">r</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">a</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">t</span>ion<span style="letter-spacing: 2.1pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">C</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">o</span>de<span style="letter-spacing: 2.25pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">T</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.15pt;">a</span>b<span style="letter-spacing: -0.15pt;">l</span>e<span style="letter-spacing: 2.2pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">C</span>ont<span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">a</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">i</span>ns<span style="letter-spacing: 2.15pt;"> </span>mn<span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">e</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">m</span>onic<span style="letter-spacing: 2.35pt;"> </span>op<span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">e</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.15pt;">r</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">a</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">t</span>ion<span style="letter-spacing: 2.15pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.15pt;">c</span>o<span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">d</span>e<span style="letter-spacing: 2.05pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">a</span>nd<span style="letter-spacing: 2.05pt;"> </span>i<span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">t</span>s<span style="letter-spacing: 2.05pt;"> </span>m<span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">a</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.15pt;">c</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">h</span>i<span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">n</span>e<span style="letter-spacing: 0.15pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">l</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">a</span>n<span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">g</span>u<span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">a</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">g</span>e<span style="letter-spacing: 0.15pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">e</span>qu<span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">i</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">v</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">a</span>l<span style="letter-spacing: 0.15pt;">e</span>n<span style="letter-spacing: -0.15pt;">t</span>.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 102%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 27.9pt; margin-right: 9.2pt; margin-top: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;"><b><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;">S<span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">YMTAB</span>:<span style="letter-spacing: 1.85pt;"> </span></span></b><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">S</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">y</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;">mbol<span style="letter-spacing: 2pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">T</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">a</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">b</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">l</span>e<span style="letter-spacing: 1.95pt;"> </span>m<span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">a</span>int<span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">a</span>ins<span style="letter-spacing: 2pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">s</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">y</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">m</span>bolic<span style="letter-spacing: 2.05pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.15pt;">l</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.15pt;">a</span>b<span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">e</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.15pt;">l</span>,<span style="letter-spacing: 1.9pt;"> </span>op<span style="letter-spacing: 0.15pt;">e</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.15pt;">r</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">a</span>nd<span style="letter-spacing: 2pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.15pt;">a</span>nd<span style="letter-spacing: 1.8pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">t</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">h</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">e</span>ir<span style="letter-spacing: 1.8pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">c</span>o<span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">rr</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">es</span>ponding<span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;"> m</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">ac</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">h</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">i</span>n<span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">e</span>.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 27.9pt; margin-right: 189.4pt; margin-top: .1pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;"><b><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">LITT</span></b><b><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">A</span></b><b><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;">B<span style="letter-spacing: 0.35pt;"> </span></span></b><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;">is<span style="letter-spacing: 0.2pt;"> </span>a<span style="letter-spacing: 0.15pt;"> </span>t<span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">a</span>b<span style="letter-spacing: -0.15pt;">l</span>e<span style="letter-spacing: 0.2pt;"> </span>of<span style="letter-spacing: 0.35pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.15pt;">l</span>it<span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">e</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">r</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">a</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">l</span>s<span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;"> </span>u<span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">se</span>d<span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;"> i</span>n<span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">t</span>he<span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;"> </span>p<span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">r</span>o<span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">g</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">r</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.15pt;">a</span>m<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 102%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 27.9pt; margin-right: 21.4pt; margin-top: .4pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;"><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;">For<span style="letter-spacing: 1.2pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">e</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">ff</span>i<span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">c</span>i<span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">e</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.15pt;">n</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.3pt;">c</span>y<span style="letter-spacing: 1.2pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">r</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">e</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">a</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">s</span>ons<span style="letter-spacing: 1.2pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">S</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">Y</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">M</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">T</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">A</span>B<span style="letter-spacing: 1.25pt;"> </span>mu<span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">s</span>t<span style="letter-spacing: 1.45pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">r</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">e</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">m</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">a</span>in<span style="letter-spacing: 1.25pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">i</span>n<span style="letter-spacing: 1.4pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">m</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">a</span>in<span style="letter-spacing: 1.35pt;"> </span>m<span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">e</span>mo<span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">r</span>y<span style="letter-spacing: 1.35pt;"> </span>th<span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">r</span>o<span style="letter-spacing: 0.15pt;">u</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">g</span>h<span style="letter-spacing: 0.15pt;">o</span>ut<span style="letter-spacing: 1.35pt;"> </span>p<span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">a</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">s</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">s</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">e</span>s<span style="letter-spacing: 1.5pt;"> </span>I<span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;"> a</span>nd<span style="letter-spacing: 0.25pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">I</span>I<span style="letter-spacing: 0.15pt;"> </span>of<span style="letter-spacing: 0.35pt;"> </span>the<span style="letter-spacing: 0.55pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">a</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">ss</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">e</span>mb<span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">l</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">e</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">r</span>. <span style="letter-spacing: 0.45pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">L</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.15pt;">I</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">T</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">T</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">A</span>B<span style="letter-spacing: 0.3pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">i</span>s<span style="letter-spacing: 0.25pt;"> </span>not<span style="letter-spacing: 0.6pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">ac</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.15pt;">c</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">e</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">s</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">s</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">e</span>d<span style="letter-spacing: 0.35pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">a</span>s<span style="letter-spacing: 0.4pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">fr</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">e</span>qu<span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">e</span>n<span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">t</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.25pt;">l</span>y<span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">a</span>s<span style="letter-spacing: 0.4pt;"> </span>S<span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">YM</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">T</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.15pt;">A</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">B</span>,<span style="letter-spacing: 0.3pt;"> </span>ho<span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">we</span>v<span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">e</span>r<span style="letter-spacing: 0.2pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">i</span>t<span style="letter-spacing: 1.55pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">m</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">a</span>y<span style="letter-spacing: 1.6pt;"> </span>be <span style="letter-spacing: -0.9pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">a</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">c</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.15pt;">c</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">e</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">s</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">s</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">e</span>d <span style="letter-spacing: -0.95pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">s</span>u<span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">ff</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">i</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">c</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">i</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">e</span>nt<span style="letter-spacing: 0.25pt;">l</span>y<span style="letter-spacing: 1.45pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">f</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">r</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">e</span>qu<span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">e</span>nt<span style="letter-spacing: 0.35pt;">l</span>y<span style="letter-spacing: 1.4pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">t</span>o<span style="letter-spacing: 1.6pt;"> </span>ju<span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">s</span>t<span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">if</span>y<span style="letter-spacing: 1.5pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">i</span>ts<span style="letter-spacing: 1.65pt;"> </span>p<span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">r</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">e</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">s</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">e</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.15pt;">n</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">c</span>e<span style="letter-spacing: 1.7pt;"> </span>in<span style="letter-spacing: 1.85pt;"> </span>the<span style="letter-spacing: 1.95pt;"> </span>m<span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">e</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">m</span>o<span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">r</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.25pt;">y</span>.<span style="letter-spacing: 2pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.15pt;">I</span>f<span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">m</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">e</span>mo<span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">r</span>y<span style="letter-spacing: 1.2pt;"> </span>is<span style="letter-spacing: 1.65pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">a</span>t<span style="letter-spacing: 1.65pt;"> </span>a <span style="letter-spacing: -1.15pt;"> </span>p<span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">r</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">e</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">m</span>i<span style="letter-spacing: 0.15pt;">u</span>m,<span style="letter-spacing: 1.5pt;"> </span>on<span style="letter-spacing: 0.25pt;">l</span>y<span style="letter-spacing: 1.55pt;"> </span>a<span style="letter-spacing: 1.45pt;"> </span>p<span style="letter-spacing: 0.15pt;">a</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">r</span>t<span style="letter-spacing: 1.55pt;"> </span>of<span style="letter-spacing: 1.55pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">L</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.15pt;">I</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">T</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">T</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">A</span>B<span style="letter-spacing: 1.45pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">c</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">a</span>n<span style="letter-spacing: 1.55pt;"> </span>be<span style="letter-spacing: 1.55pt;"> </span>k<span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">e</span>pt<span style="letter-spacing: 1.55pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">i</span>n<span style="letter-spacing: 1.4pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">m</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">e</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">m</span>o<span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">r</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.25pt;">y</span>.<span style="letter-spacing: 1.8pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">O</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">P</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">T</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">A</span>B<span style="letter-spacing: 0.15pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">s</span>hould<span style="letter-spacing: 0.15pt;"> </span>be<span style="letter-spacing: 0.25pt;"> </span>in<span style="letter-spacing: 0.15pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">m</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">e</span>mo<span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">r</span>y<span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;"> </span>du<span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">r</span>ing<span style="letter-spacing: 0.2pt;"> </span>p<span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">a</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">s</span>s<span style="letter-spacing: 0.3pt;"> </span>I<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 12.0pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: .95pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 7.6pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;"><b><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;">Q<span style="letter-spacing: 0.2pt;">.</span>2<span style="letter-spacing: 0.15pt;"> </span></span></b><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">D</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">e</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">f</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">i</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;">ne<span style="letter-spacing: 0.2pt;"> </span>the<span style="letter-spacing: 0.3pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">f</span>ollo<span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">w</span>ing:<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 102%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 61.85pt; margin-right: 3.3in; margin-top: .3pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;"><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">(</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;">i)<span style="letter-spacing: -0.95pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.15pt;">F</span>o<span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">r</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">m</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">a</span>l<span style="letter-spacing: 0.2pt;"> </span>l<span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">a</span>ngu<span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">a</span>ge<span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">G</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">r</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.15pt;">a</span>mm<span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">a</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">rs</span>.<span style="letter-spacing: 0.15pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">(</span>i<span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">i</span>)<span style="letter-spacing: -1.1pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">T</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">e</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">r</span>min<span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">a</span>l<span style="letter-spacing: 0.2pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">s</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.25pt;">y</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">m</span>bol<span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">s</span>.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 61.85pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: .1pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; tab-stops: 382.0pt; text-autospace: none;"><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">(</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;">i<span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">i</span>i)<span style="letter-spacing: 0.15pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">A</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">l</span>ph<span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">a</span>b<span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">e</span>t<span style="letter-spacing: 0.25pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">a</span>nd<span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;"> S</span>t<span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">r</span>in<span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">g</span>.<span style="letter-spacing: -2.4pt;"> </span> <b><span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">(</span>9)</b><o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 13.0pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: .5pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 27.4pt; margin-right: 391.3pt; margin-top: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;"><b><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">A</span></b><b><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;">n<span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">s</span>:</span></b><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;"><o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 102%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 27.9pt; margin-right: 9.2pt; margin-top: .05pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;"><b><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">(</span></b><b><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">i</span></b><b><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;">)<span style="letter-spacing: 1.2pt;"> </span></span></b><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;">A<span style="letter-spacing: 1.6pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">f</span>o<span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">r</span>m<span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">a</span>l<span style="letter-spacing: 1.35pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.25pt;">l</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">a</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.15pt;">n</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">g</span>u<span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">a</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">g</span>e<span style="letter-spacing: 1.55pt;"> </span>g<span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">r</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">a</span>mm<span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">a</span>r<span style="letter-spacing: 1.25pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">i</span>s<span style="letter-spacing: 1.45pt;"> </span>a<span style="letter-spacing: 1.35pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.2pt;">s</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">e</span>t<span style="letter-spacing: 1.4pt;"> </span>of<span style="letter-spacing: 1.55pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">f</span>o<span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">r</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">m</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">a</span>tion<span style="letter-spacing: 1.4pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">r</span>ul<span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">e</span>s<span style="letter-spacing: 1.3pt;"> </span>th<span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">a</span>t<span style="letter-spacing: 1.6pt;"> </span>d<span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">e</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">sc</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">r</span>ibe<span style="letter-spacing: 1.45pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">w</span>hi<span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">c</span>h<span style="letter-spacing: 1.35pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">s</span>t<span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">r</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">i</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.15pt;">n</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">g</span>s<span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">f</span>o<span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">r</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">m</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">e</span>d <span style="letter-spacing: 0.65pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">f</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">r</span>om <span style="letter-spacing: 0.65pt;"> </span>the <span style="letter-spacing: 0.9pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">a</span>lph<span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">a</span>b<span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">e</span>t <span style="letter-spacing: 0.85pt;"> </span>of <span style="letter-spacing: 0.75pt;"> </span>a <span style="letter-spacing: 0.65pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">f</span>o<span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">r</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.25pt;">m</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">a</span>l <span style="letter-spacing: 0.65pt;"> </span>l<span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">a</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.15pt;">n</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">g</span>u<span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">a</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">g</span>e <span style="letter-spacing: 0.7pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">a</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">r</span>e <span style="letter-spacing: 0.65pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.2pt;">s</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.25pt;">y</span>n<span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">t</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">a</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">c</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">t</span>i<span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">c</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">a</span>l<span style="letter-spacing: 0.25pt;">l</span>y <span style="letter-spacing: 0.5pt;"> </span>v<span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">a</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.25pt;">l</span>id, <span style="letter-spacing: 0.65pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">w</span>i<span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">t</span>hin <span style="letter-spacing: 0.8pt;"> </span>the <span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">l</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">a</span>n<span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">g</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.15pt;">u</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">a</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">g</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">e</span>.<span style="letter-spacing: 0.8pt;"> </span>A<span style="letter-spacing: 0.9pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">g</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">r</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">a</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">m</span>m<span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">a</span>r<span style="letter-spacing: 0.8pt;"> </span>o<span style="letter-spacing: 0.15pt;">n</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.25pt;">l</span>y<span style="letter-spacing: 0.7pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">a</span>dd<span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">r</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">e</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">s</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">s</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">e</span>s<span style="letter-spacing: 1pt;"> </span>the<span style="letter-spacing: 1pt;"> </span>lo<span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">ca</span>tion<span style="letter-spacing: 1pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">a</span>nd<span style="letter-spacing: 0.85pt;"> </span>m<span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">a</span>nipul<span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">a</span>tion<span style="letter-spacing: 1pt;"> </span>of<span style="letter-spacing: 0.95pt;"> </span>the<span style="letter-spacing: 1pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">s</span>t<span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">r</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">i</span>n<span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">g</span>s<span style="letter-spacing: 0.9pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.15pt;">o</span>f<span style="letter-spacing: 0.8pt;"> </span>the <span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">l</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">a</span>n<span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">g</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.15pt;">u</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">a</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">g</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">e</span>.<span style="letter-spacing: 0.2pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.15pt;">I</span>t<span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;"> </span>do<span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">e</span>s<span style="letter-spacing: 0.25pt;"> </span>not<span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.15pt;">d</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">e</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">s</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">c</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">r</span>ibe<span style="letter-spacing: 0.15pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">a</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.25pt;">n</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.25pt;">y</span>thi<span style="letter-spacing: 0.15pt;">n</span>g<span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">e</span>l<span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">s</span>e<span style="letter-spacing: 0.25pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">a</span>bout<span style="letter-spacing: 0.35pt;"> </span>a<span style="letter-spacing: 0.15pt;"> </span>l<span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">a</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.15pt;">n</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">g</span>u<span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">a</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">ge</span>,<span style="letter-spacing: 0.15pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">s</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.15pt;">u</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">c</span>h<span style="letter-spacing: 0.25pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">a</span>s<span style="letter-spacing: 0.15pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">i</span>ts<span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">s</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">e</span>m<span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">a</span>nti<span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">c</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">s</span>.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 12.55pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 27.9pt; margin-right: 26.4pt; margin-top: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;"><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">A</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;">s<span style="letter-spacing: 0.2pt;"> </span>p<span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">r</span>opo<span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">s</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">e</span>d<span style="letter-spacing: 0.25pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.15pt;">b</span>y <span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">N</span>o<span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">a</span>m<span style="letter-spacing: 0.3pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.15pt;">C</span>hom<span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">s</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.15pt;">k</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.25pt;">y</span>,<span style="letter-spacing: 0.25pt;"> </span>a<span style="letter-spacing: 0.25pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">g</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">r</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">a</span>m<span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">m</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">a</span>r<span style="letter-spacing: 0.2pt;"> </span><i>G<span style="letter-spacing: 0.3pt;"> </span></i><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">c</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.15pt;">o</span>n<span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">s</span>i<span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">s</span>ts<span style="letter-spacing: 0.15pt;"> </span>of<span style="letter-spacing: 0.25pt;"> </span>the<span style="letter-spacing: 0.3pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">f</span>ol<span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">l</span>o<span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">w</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">i</span>ng<span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">c</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.15pt;">o</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">m</span>pon<span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">e</span>nt<span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">s</span>:<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 44.8pt; margin-right: 201.75pt; margin-top: .4pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; tab-stops: 61.0pt; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;"><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 9pt;">•</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 9pt;"> </span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;">A<span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;"> f</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">i</span>nite<span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">s</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">e</span>t<span style="letter-spacing: 0.2pt;"> </span></span><i><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 14pt;">N<span style="letter-spacing: -0.55pt;"> </span></span></i><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;">of<span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;"> </span><i>non<span style="letter-spacing: 0.55pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.15pt;">t</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">e</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">r</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">m</span>inal<span style="letter-spacing: 0.3pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.2pt;">s</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.15pt;">y</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">m</span>bo<span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">l</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">s</span></i>.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 44.8pt; margin-right: 119.0pt; margin-top: .1pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; tab-stops: 61.0pt; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;"><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 9pt;">•</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 9pt;"> </span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;">A<span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;"> f</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">i</span>nite<span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">s</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">e</span>t<span style="letter-spacing: 0.2pt;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 14pt;">Σ<span style="letter-spacing: -0.65pt;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;">of<span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;"> </span><i>t<span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">erm</span>inal<span style="letter-spacing: 0.15pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">s</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">ym</span>bols<span style="letter-spacing: 0.15pt;"> </span></i>th<span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">a</span>t<span style="letter-spacing: 0.25pt;"> </span>is<span style="letter-spacing: 0.2pt;"> </span>di<span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">s</span>jo<span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">i</span>nt<span style="letter-spacing: 0.15pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">fr</span>om<span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;"> </span></span><i><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 14pt; letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">N</span></i><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;">.</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;"><o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 44.8pt; margin-right: 127.55pt; margin-top: .2pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; tab-stops: 61.0pt; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;"><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 9pt;">•</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 9pt;"> </span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;">A<span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;"> f</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">i</span>nite<span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">s</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">e</span>t<span style="letter-spacing: 0.2pt;"> </span></span><i><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 14pt;">P<span style="letter-spacing: -0.6pt;"> </span></span></i><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;">of<span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;"> </span><i>p<span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">r</span>odu<span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">c</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">t</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.15pt;">i</span>on<span style="letter-spacing: 0.35pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">r</span>ul<span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">es</span></i>,<span style="letter-spacing: 0.2pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">ea</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">c</span>h<span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">r</span>u<span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">l</span>e of<span style="letter-spacing: 0.25pt;"> </span>the<span style="letter-spacing: 0.4pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">f</span>o<span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">r</span>m<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 11.0pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: .35pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 103%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 41.45pt; margin-right: 8.8pt; margin-top: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;"><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">w</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;">h<span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">e</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">r</span>e<span style="letter-spacing: 1.5pt;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 9pt; line-height: 103%; position: relative; top: -6.5pt;">*<span style="letter-spacing: 2.2pt;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;">is<span style="letter-spacing: 1.15pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">t</span>he<span style="letter-spacing: 1.4pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">K</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.25pt;">l</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">ee</span>ne<span style="letter-spacing: 1.5pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">s</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">t</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">a</span>r<span style="letter-spacing: 1.25pt;"> </span>op<span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">e</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">r</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">a</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">t</span>or<span style="letter-spacing: 1.35pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">a</span>nd<span style="letter-spacing: 1.3pt;"> </span>d<span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">e</span>not<span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">e</span>s<span style="letter-spacing: 1.35pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">s</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">e</span>t<span style="letter-spacing: 1.3pt;"> </span>union.<span style="letter-spacing: 1.75pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">T</span>h<span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">a</span>t<span style="letter-spacing: 1.3pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">i</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">s</span>,<span style="letter-spacing: 1.45pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">ea</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">c</span>h<span style="letter-spacing: 1.45pt;"> </span>p<span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">r</span>odu<span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">c</span>tion<span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">r</span>ule <span style="letter-spacing: -1.15pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">m</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">a</span>ps<span style="letter-spacing: 1.4pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">fr</span>om<span style="letter-spacing: 1.5pt;"> </span>o<span style="letter-spacing: 0.15pt;">n</span>e<span style="letter-spacing: 1.45pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">s</span>t<span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">r</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.25pt;">i</span>ng<span style="letter-spacing: 1.3pt;"> </span>of<span style="letter-spacing: 1.7pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.3pt;">s</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.35pt;">y</span>mbols<span style="letter-spacing: 1.6pt;"> </span>to<span style="letter-spacing: 1.7pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">a</span>noth<span style="letter-spacing: 0.15pt;">e</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">r</span>,<span style="letter-spacing: 1.5pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">w</span>h<span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">e</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">r</span>e<span style="letter-spacing: 1.5pt;"> </span>the<span style="letter-spacing: 1.75pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">f</span>i<span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">r</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">s</span>t<span style="letter-spacing: 1.5pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">s</span>t<span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">r</span>ing<span style="letter-spacing: 1.55pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">c</span>on<span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">t</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">a</span>ins<span style="letter-spacing: 1.6pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">a</span>t l<span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">e</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">a</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">s</span>t<span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;"> </span>one<span style="letter-spacing: 0.25pt;"> </span>non<span style="letter-spacing: 0.15pt;"> </span>t<span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">e</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">r</span>min<span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">a</span>l<span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.3pt;">s</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">y</span>mbo<span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">l</span>.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 102%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 31.25pt; margin-right: 9.1pt; margin-top: .65pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; tab-stops: 75.0pt; text-autospace: none; text-indent: 15.85pt;"><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;">•</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;"> A<span style="letter-spacing: 0.2pt;"> </span>d<span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">i</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">s</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">t</span>in<span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">g</span>ui<span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">s</span>h<span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">e</span>d<span style="letter-spacing: 0.25pt;"> </span>non<span style="letter-spacing: 0.3pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">t</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">e</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">r</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">m</span>in<span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">a</span>l<span style="letter-spacing: 0.15pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">s</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.25pt;">y</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">m</span>bol<span style="letter-spacing: 0.2pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">fr</span>om<span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;"> s</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">e</span>t<span style="letter-spacing: 0.2pt;"> </span>N<span style="letter-spacing: 0.2pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.25pt;">t</span>h<span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">a</span>t<span style="letter-spacing: 0.15pt;"> </span>is<span style="letter-spacing: 0.2pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">t</span>he<span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;"> </span><i><span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">s</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">t</span>a<span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">r</span>t<span style="letter-spacing: 0.2pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">sym</span>bol</i>.<span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;"> </span><b><span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">(</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">i</span>i<span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">)</span></b><i>T<span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">er</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">m</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">i</span>nal <span style="letter-spacing: -0.35pt;"> </span></i><span style="letter-spacing: 0.2pt;">s</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.25pt;">y</span>mbo<span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">l</span>s<span style="letter-spacing: 2.45pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">a</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">r</span>e<span style="letter-spacing: 2.2pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">l</span>it<span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">e</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">r</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">a</span>l<span style="letter-spacing: 2.45pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">s</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">t</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">r</span>in<span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">g</span>s<span style="letter-spacing: 2.45pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">f</span>o<span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">r</span>m<span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">i</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.15pt;">n</span>g<span style="letter-spacing: 2.2pt;"> </span>the<span style="letter-spacing: 2.45pt;"> </span>input <span style="letter-spacing: 0.15pt;"> </span>of<span style="letter-spacing: 2.4pt;"> </span>a<span style="letter-spacing: 2.3pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">f</span>o<span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">r</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.25pt;">m</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">a</span>l<span style="letter-spacing: 2.3pt;"> </span>g<span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">r</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">a</span>mm<span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">a</span>r<span style="letter-spacing: 2.35pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">a</span>nd<span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">c</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">a</span>nnot<span style="letter-spacing: 0.5pt;"> </span>be<span style="letter-spacing: 0.5pt;"> </span>b<span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">r</span>ok<span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">e</span>n<span style="letter-spacing: 0.5pt;"> </span>do<span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">w</span>n<span style="letter-spacing: 0.4pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">i</span>n<span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">t</span>o<span style="letter-spacing: 0.45pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">s</span>m<span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">a</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">l</span>l<span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">e</span>r<span style="letter-spacing: 0.55pt;"> </span>units<span style="letter-spacing: 0.85pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">w</span>i<span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">t</span>ho<span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">u</span>t<span style="letter-spacing: 0.4pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">l</span>o<span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">s</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">i</span>ng<span style="letter-spacing: 0.3pt;"> </span>th<span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">e</span>ir<span style="letter-spacing: 0.5pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">l</span>it<span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">e</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">r</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">a</span>l<span style="letter-spacing: 0.55pt;"> </span>m<span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">e</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">a</span>nin<span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">g</span>.<span style="letter-spacing: 0.7pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.15pt;">I</span>n<span style="letter-spacing: 0.45pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">s</span>i<span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">m</span>ple<span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">w</span>o<span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">r</span>d<span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">s</span>,<span style="letter-spacing: 1.75pt;"> </span>t<span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">e</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">r</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">m</span>in<span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">a</span>l<span style="letter-spacing: 1.95pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.3pt;">s</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.35pt;">y</span>mbo<span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">l</span>s<span style="letter-spacing: 1.95pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">ca</span>nnot <span style="letter-spacing: -0.6pt;"> </span>be<span style="letter-spacing: 2.05pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">c</span>h<span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">a</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.15pt;">n</span>g<span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">e</span>d<span style="letter-spacing: 1.8pt;"> </span>u<span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">s</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">i</span>ng<span style="letter-spacing: 1.8pt;"> </span>t<span style="letter-spacing: 0.15pt;">h</span>e<span style="letter-spacing: 1.75pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">r</span>u<span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">l</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">e</span>s<span style="letter-spacing: 1.8pt;"> </span>of<span style="letter-spacing: 1.9pt;"> </span>the<span style="letter-spacing: 2.1pt;"> </span>g<span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">r</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.15pt;">a</span>mm<span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">a</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">r</span>;<span style="letter-spacing: 1.75pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">t</span>h<span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">a</span>t<span style="letter-spacing: 1.85pt;"> </span>i<span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">s</span>,<span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">t</span>h<span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">e</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.25pt;">y</span>'<span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">r</span>e<span style="letter-spacing: 0.55pt;"> </span>the<span style="letter-spacing: 0.9pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">e</span>nd<span style="letter-spacing: 0.6pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.15pt;">o</span>f<span style="letter-spacing: 0.55pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">t</span>he<span style="letter-spacing: 0.6pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">l</span>in<span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">e</span>,<span style="letter-spacing: 0.6pt;"> </span>or<span style="letter-spacing: 0.6pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.25pt;">t</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">e</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">r</span>m<span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">i</span>n<span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">a</span>l.<span style="letter-spacing: 0.75pt;"> </span>For<span style="letter-spacing: 0.6pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">e</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.15pt;">x</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">a</span>mpl<span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">e</span>,<span style="letter-spacing: 0.55pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">i</span>f<span style="letter-spacing: 0.5pt;"> </span>the<span style="letter-spacing: 0.9pt;"> </span>g<span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">r</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">a</span>m<span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">m</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">a</span>r<span style="letter-spacing: 0.7pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">r</span>u<span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">l</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">e</span>s<span style="letter-spacing: 0.7pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">a</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">r</span>e<span style="letter-spacing: 0.75pt;"> </span>th<span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">a</span>t<span style="letter-spacing: 0.65pt;"> </span><i>x<span style="letter-spacing: 0.75pt;"> </span></i><span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">c</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">a</span>n<span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;"> </span>b<span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">e</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">c</span>ome<span style="letter-spacing: 0.75pt;"> </span><i><span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">x</span></i>a<span style="letter-spacing: 0.85pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">a</span>nd<span style="letter-spacing: 0.85pt;"> </span><i>x<span style="letter-spacing: 1pt;"> </span></i><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">ca</span>n<span style="letter-spacing: 0.95pt;"> </span>b<span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">ec</span>ome<span style="letter-spacing: 0.85pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">a</span><i><span style="letter-spacing: 0.15pt;">x</span></i>,<span style="letter-spacing: 0.8pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">t</span>h<span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">e</span>n<span style="letter-spacing: 0.8pt;"> </span>a<span style="letter-spacing: 0.85pt;"> </span>is<span style="letter-spacing: 0.95pt;"> </span>a<span style="letter-spacing: 0.75pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">t</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">e</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">r</span>m<span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">i</span>n<span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">a</span>l<span style="letter-spacing: 0.7pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.2pt;">s</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.25pt;">y</span>mbol<span style="letter-spacing: 0.95pt;"> </span>b<span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">e</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.15pt;">c</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">a</span>u<span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">s</span>e<span style="letter-spacing: 0.75pt;"> </span>it<span style="letter-spacing: 0.95pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">c</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.15pt;">a</span>nnot<span style="letter-spacing: 0.8pt;"> </span>b<span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">e</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">c</span>ome<span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">s</span>om<span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">e</span>thing <span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">e</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">l</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">s</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">e</span>.<span style="letter-spacing: 0.2pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">T</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.15pt;">h</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">e</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">s</span>e<span style="letter-spacing: 0.15pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">a</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">r</span>e<span style="letter-spacing: 0.15pt;"> </span>the<span style="letter-spacing: 0.3pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.2pt;">s</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.25pt;">y</span>mbols<span style="letter-spacing: 0.3pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">w</span>h<span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">i</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">c</span>h<span style="letter-spacing: 0.3pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">c</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">a</span>n<span style="letter-spacing: 0.35pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">a</span>pp<span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">e</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">a</span>r<span style="letter-spacing: 0.2pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">a</span>s<span style="letter-spacing: 0.3pt;"> </span>it<span style="letter-spacing: 0.2pt;"> </span>is<span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">i</span>n<span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;"> </span>the<span style="letter-spacing: 0.3pt;"> </span>p<span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">r</span>og<span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">r</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">a</span>mm<span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">e</span>.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 102%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 30.15pt; margin-right: 9.25pt; margin-top: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none; text-indent: 2.9pt;"><b><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">(</span></b><b><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;">iii)<span style="letter-spacing: 1.1pt;"> </span></span></b><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;">A<span style="letter-spacing: 1.05pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">f</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">i</span>nite<span style="letter-spacing: 1.05pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">s</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">e</span>t<span style="letter-spacing: 1.05pt;"> </span>of<span style="letter-spacing: 1.1pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.2pt;">s</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.25pt;">y</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">m</span>bols<span style="letter-spacing: 1.15pt;"> </span>is<span style="letter-spacing: 1.2pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">c</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">a</span>ll<span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">e</span>d<span style="letter-spacing: 1.1pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">a</span>lph<span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">a</span>b<span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">e</span>t.<span style="letter-spacing: 1.15pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">A</span>n<span style="letter-spacing: 1.15pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">a</span>lph<span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">a</span>b<span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">e</span>t<span style="letter-spacing: 1.05pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">i</span>s<span style="letter-spacing: 0.95pt;"> </span>o<span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">f</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">t</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">e</span>n<span style="letter-spacing: 1.1pt;"> </span>d<span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">e</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.15pt;">n</span>o<span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">t</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">e</span>d<span style="letter-spacing: 1.1pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.15pt;">b</span>y<span style="letter-spacing: 0.85pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">s</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">i</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">g</span>m<span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">a</span>,<span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.25pt;">y</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">e</span>t<span style="letter-spacing: 0.25pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">c</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">a</span>n be<span style="letter-spacing: 0.15pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">g</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">i</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.15pt;">v</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">e</span>n<span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">a</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.25pt;">n</span>y<span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;"> </span>n<span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">a</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">m</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">e</span>.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 33.5pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;"><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;">B<span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;"> </span>=<span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;"> </span>{0,<span style="letter-spacing: 0.35pt;"> </span>1} <span style="letter-spacing: 0.35pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">s</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.15pt;">a</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.25pt;">y</span>s<span style="letter-spacing: 0.3pt;"> </span>B<span style="letter-spacing: 0.2pt;"> </span>is<span style="letter-spacing: 0.2pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">a</span>n<span style="letter-spacing: 0.25pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">a</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">l</span>ph<span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">a</span>b<span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">e</span>t<span style="letter-spacing: 0.2pt;"> </span>of<span style="letter-spacing: 0.25pt;"> </span>t<span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">w</span>o<span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.3pt;">s</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.25pt;">y</span>mbo<span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">l</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">s</span>,<span style="letter-spacing: 0.2pt;"> </span>0<span style="letter-spacing: 0.25pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">a</span>nd<span style="letter-spacing: 0.25pt;"> </span>1.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 33.5pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: .4pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;"><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;">C<span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;"> </span>=<span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;"> </span>{<span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">a</span>,<span style="letter-spacing: 0.2pt;"> </span>b,<span style="letter-spacing: 0.25pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">c</span>} <span style="letter-spacing: 0.25pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">s</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.3pt;">a</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.25pt;">y</span>s<span style="letter-spacing: 0.15pt;"> </span>C<span style="letter-spacing: 0.2pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">i</span>s<span style="letter-spacing: 0.25pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">a</span>n<span style="letter-spacing: 0.25pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">a</span>lph<span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">a</span>b<span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">e</span>t<span style="letter-spacing: 0.2pt;"> </span>of<span style="letter-spacing: 0.15pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">t</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.15pt;">h</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">r</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">e</span>e<span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.3pt;">s</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.25pt;">y</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">m</span>bol<span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">s</span>,<span style="letter-spacing: 0.2pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">a</span>,<span style="letter-spacing: 0.2pt;"> </span>b<span style="letter-spacing: 0.25pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">a</span>nd<span style="letter-spacing: 0.25pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">c</span>.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 10.0pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 10.0pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 10.0pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 10.0pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: .55pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;"><br />
</div><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 212.15pt; margin-right: 215.9pt; margin-top: 1.4pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: center; text-autospace: none;"><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;">12</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></div><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 11pt;"><br clear="all" style="mso-break-type: section-break; page-break-before: always;" /> </span> <br />
<div class="WordSection3"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 7.6pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 3.0pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; tab-stops: 246.0pt; text-autospace: none;"><b><u><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">D</span></u></b><b><u><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">C</span></u></b><b><u><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;">14 <span style="letter-spacing: -0.15pt;">S</span>y<span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">s</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">t</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">e</span>m<span style="letter-spacing: 0.15pt;"> </span>So<span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">f</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">t</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">w</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">a</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.15pt;">r</span>e and<span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">O</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.15pt;">p</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">er</span>a<span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">t</span>ing<span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;"> </span>Sy<span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">s</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">t</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">e</span>m</span></u></b><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;"><o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 11.0pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: .6pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 102%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 35.8pt; margin-right: 9.2pt; margin-top: 1.4pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-indent: 5.65pt;"><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">S</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;">om<span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">e</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">t</span>im<span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">e</span>s<span style="letter-spacing: 2.2pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">s</span>p<span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">a</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">c</span>e<span style="letter-spacing: 2.3pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">a</span>nd<span style="letter-spacing: 2.25pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">c</span>omma<span style="letter-spacing: 2.2pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">a</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">r</span>e<span style="letter-spacing: 2.2pt;"> </span>in<span style="letter-spacing: 2.3pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">a</span>n<span style="letter-spacing: 2.25pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">a</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">l</span>ph<span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">a</span>b<span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">e</span>t<span style="letter-spacing: 2.25pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">w</span>hile<span style="letter-spacing: 2.25pt;"> </span>oth<span style="letter-spacing: 0.15pt;">e</span>r<span style="letter-spacing: 2.25pt;"> </span>t<span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">i</span>m<span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">e</span>s<span style="letter-spacing: 2.15pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">t</span>h<span style="letter-spacing: 0.15pt;">e</span>y<span style="letter-spacing: 2pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">a</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">r</span>e<span style="letter-spacing: 2.2pt;"> </span>m<span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">e</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">t</span>a<span style="letter-spacing: 0.15pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.2pt;">s</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.25pt;">y</span>mbols <span style="letter-spacing: -1.1pt;"> </span>u<span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">s</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">e</span>d<span style="letter-spacing: 1.45pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">f</span>or<span style="letter-spacing: 1.35pt;"> </span>d<span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">e</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">s</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.15pt;">c</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">r</span>ipt<span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">i</span>on<span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">s</span>.<span style="letter-spacing: 1.35pt;"> </span>A<span style="letter-spacing: 1.5pt;"> </span>l<span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">a</span>ngu<span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">a</span>ge<span style="letter-spacing: 1.3pt;"> </span>is<span style="letter-spacing: 1.55pt;"> </span>d<span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">e</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">f</span>in<span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">e</span>d<span style="letter-spacing: 1.3pt;"> </span>ov<span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">e</span>r<span style="letter-spacing: 1.5pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">a</span>n<span style="letter-spacing: 1.3pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">a</span>lph<span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">a</span>b<span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">e</span>t.<span style="letter-spacing: 1.5pt;"> </span>For<span style="letter-spacing: 1.6pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">e</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.15pt;">x</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">a</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">m</span>ple<span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;"> </span>bin<span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">a</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">r</span>y<span style="letter-spacing: -0.2pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.25pt;">l</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">a</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.15pt;">n</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">g</span>u<span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">a</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">g</span>e<span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;"> </span>is<span style="letter-spacing: 0.2pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.15pt;">d</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">e</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">f</span>in<span style="letter-spacing: 0.15pt;">e</span>d<span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;"> </span>ov<span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">e</span>r<span style="letter-spacing: 0.3pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">a</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">l</span>ph<span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">a</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.15pt;">b</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">e</span>t<span style="letter-spacing: 0.2pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">B</span>.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 35.8pt; margin-right: 85.15pt; margin-top: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;"><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;">A<span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;"> f</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">i</span>nite<span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">s</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">e</span>qu<span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">e</span>n<span style="letter-spacing: 0.15pt;">c</span>e<span style="letter-spacing: 0.15pt;"> </span>of<span style="letter-spacing: 0.15pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.3pt;">s</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.25pt;">y</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">m</span>bols<span style="letter-spacing: 0.3pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">fr</span>om<span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;"> a</span>n<span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">a</span>lph<span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">a</span>b<span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">e</span>t<span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;"> i</span>s<span style="letter-spacing: 0.25pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">c</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">a</span>ll<span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">e</span>d<span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">s</span>t<span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">r</span>i<span style="letter-spacing: 0.15pt;">n</span>g<span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;"> </span>or<span style="letter-spacing: 0.15pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">w</span>o<span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">r</span>d.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 102%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 36.4pt; margin-right: 163.55pt; margin-top: .3pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none; text-indent: -.6pt;"><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;">01110<span style="letter-spacing: 0.45pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">a</span>nd<span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;"> </span>111<span style="letter-spacing: 0.45pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">a</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">r</span>e<span style="letter-spacing: 0.15pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">s</span>t<span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">r</span>ings<span style="letter-spacing: 0.3pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">fr</span>om<span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">t</span>he<span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">a</span>lph<span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">a</span>b<span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">e</span>t<span style="letter-spacing: 0.35pt;"> </span>B<span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">a</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.15pt;">b</span>ov<span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">e</span>. <span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">aa</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">a</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.15pt;">b</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">cc</span>c<span style="letter-spacing: 0.15pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">a</span>nd<span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;"> </span>b<span style="letter-spacing: 0.25pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">a</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">r</span>e<span style="letter-spacing: 0.15pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">s</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">t</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">r</span>i<span style="letter-spacing: 0.15pt;">n</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">g</span>s<span style="letter-spacing: 0.15pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">f</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">r</span>om<span style="letter-spacing: 0.2pt;"> </span>the<span style="letter-spacing: 0.3pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">a</span>lph<span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">a</span>b<span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">e</span>t<span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;"> </span>C<span style="letter-spacing: 0.35pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">a</span>bov<span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">e</span>.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 36.4pt; margin-right: 23.55pt; margin-top: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;"><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;">A<span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;"> </span>null<span style="letter-spacing: 0.4pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">s</span>t<span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">r</span>ing<span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;"> </span>is<span style="letter-spacing: 0.2pt;"> </span>a<span style="letter-spacing: 0.15pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">s</span>t<span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">r</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">i</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.15pt;">n</span>g<span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">w</span>ith<span style="letter-spacing: 0.3pt;"> </span>no<span style="letter-spacing: 0.2pt;"> s</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.25pt;">y</span>mbo<span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">l</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">s</span>,<span style="letter-spacing: 0.2pt;"> </span>u<span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">s</span>u<span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">a</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">ll</span>y<span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;"> </span>d<span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">e</span>not<span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">e</span>d<span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.25pt;">b</span>y <span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">e</span>p<span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">s</span>ilon<span style="letter-spacing: 0.25pt;"> </span>h<span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">a</span>s<span style="letter-spacing: 0.15pt;"> z</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">e</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">r</span>o<span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;"> l</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">e</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.15pt;">n</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">g</span>th.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 26.2pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 34.7pt; margin-right: 24.25pt; margin-top: 2.7pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none; text-indent: -27.1pt;"><b><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;">Q<span style="letter-spacing: 0.2pt;">.</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">3</span>.<span style="letter-spacing: 0.25pt;"> </span></span></b><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">W</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;">h<span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">a</span>t<span style="letter-spacing: 0.2pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">i</span>s<span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;"> </span>p<span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">a</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">r</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">s</span>in<span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">g</span>? <span style="letter-spacing: 0.4pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">Wr</span>i<span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">t</span>e<span style="letter-spacing: 0.15pt;"> </span>do<span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">w</span>n<span style="letter-spacing: 0.35pt;"> </span>the<span style="letter-spacing: 0.3pt;"> </span>d<span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">r</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">aw</span>b<span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">a</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">c</span>k<span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.15pt;">o</span>f<span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;"> t</span>op<span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;"> </span>do<span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">w</span>n<span style="letter-spacing: 0.2pt;"> </span>p<span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">a</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">r</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">s</span>i<span style="letter-spacing: 0.15pt;">n</span>g of<span style="letter-spacing: 0.25pt;"> </span>b<span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">ac</span>kt<span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">r</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">a</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">c</span>ki<span style="letter-spacing: 0.15pt;">n</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">g</span>. <span style="letter-spacing: 0.2pt;"> </span><b><span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">(</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.15pt;">7</span>)<span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">A</span>n<span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">s</span>:</b><o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 9.85pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 34.7pt; margin-right: 21.65pt; margin-top: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;"><b><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; letter-spacing: -0.05pt; position: relative; top: -0.5pt;">P</span></b><b><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; position: relative; top: -0.5pt;">a<span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">rs</span>ing <span style="letter-spacing: 0.65pt;"> </span></span></b><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; position: relative; top: -0.5pt;">is <span style="letter-spacing: 0.7pt;"> </span>the <span style="letter-spacing: 0.65pt;"> </span>p<span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">r</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.15pt;">o</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">c</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">e</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">s</span>s <span style="letter-spacing: 0.8pt;"> </span>of <span style="letter-spacing: 0.6pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">a</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.15pt;">n</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">a</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.35pt;">l</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.35pt;">y</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">z</span>i<span style="letter-spacing: 0.15pt;">n</span>g <span style="letter-spacing: 0.6pt;"> </span>a <span style="letter-spacing: 0.5pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">t</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">e</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.15pt;">x</span>t, <span style="letter-spacing: 0.6pt;"> </span>m<span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">a</span>de <span style="letter-spacing: 0.55pt;"> </span>of <span style="letter-spacing: 0.75pt;"> </span>a <span style="letter-spacing: 0.5pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.2pt;">s</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">e</span>qu<span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">e</span>n<span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">c</span>e <span style="letter-spacing: 0.5pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.15pt;">o</span>f <span style="letter-spacing: 0.7pt;"> </span>tok<span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">e</span>n<span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">s</span>, <span style="letter-spacing: 0.8pt;"> </span>to</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;"><o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 102%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 34.7pt; margin-right: 21.3pt; margin-top: .3pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; tab-stops: 381.0pt; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;"><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;">d<span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">e</span>t<span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">e</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">r</span>mine<span style="letter-spacing: 0.5pt;"> </span>i<span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">t</span>s<span style="letter-spacing: 0.6pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">g</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">r</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">a</span>m<span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">m</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">a</span>t<span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">i</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">c</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">a</span>l<span style="letter-spacing: 0.6pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">s</span>t<span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">r</span>u<span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">c</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">t</span>u<span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">r</span>e<span style="letter-spacing: 0.4pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">w</span>i<span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">t</span>h<span style="letter-spacing: 0.65pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">r</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">e</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">s</span>p<span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">ec</span>t<span style="letter-spacing: 0.4pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">t</span>o<span style="letter-spacing: 0.55pt;"> </span>a<span style="letter-spacing: 0.5pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">g</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">i</span>v<span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">e</span>n<span style="letter-spacing: 0.6pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">f</span>o<span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">r</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">m</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">a</span>l<span style="letter-spacing: 0.65pt;"> </span>g<span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">r</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">a</span>m<span style="letter-spacing: 0.25pt;">m</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">a</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">r</span>.<span style="letter-spacing: 0.55pt;"> </span>P<span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">a</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">r</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">s</span>i<span style="letter-spacing: 0.15pt;">n</span>g is<span style="letter-spacing: 0.3pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">a</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">l</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">s</span>o<span style="letter-spacing: 0.4pt;"> </span>kno<span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">w</span>n<span style="letter-spacing: 0.7pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">a</span>s<span style="letter-spacing: 0.4pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.2pt;">s</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.35pt;">y</span>nt<span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">a</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">c</span>t<span style="letter-spacing: 0.25pt;">i</span>c<span style="letter-spacing: 0.25pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">a</span>n<span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">a</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.25pt;">l</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.35pt;">y</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">s</span>is<span style="letter-spacing: 0.4pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">a</span>nd<span style="letter-spacing: 0.35pt;"> </span>p<span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">a</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">r</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">s</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">e</span>r<span style="letter-spacing: 0.45pt;"> </span>is<span style="letter-spacing: 0.45pt;"> </span>u<span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">s</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">e</span>d<span style="letter-spacing: 0.5pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">f</span>or<span style="letter-spacing: 0.25pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">a</span>n<span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">a</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.25pt;">l</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.35pt;">y</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">z</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">i</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.15pt;">n</span>g<span style="letter-spacing: 0.25pt;"> </span>a<span style="letter-spacing: 0.4pt;"> </span>t<span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">e</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.15pt;">x</span>t.<span style="letter-spacing: -2.45pt;"> </span> <span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">T</span>he<span style="letter-spacing: 0.25pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">t</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">a</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">s</span>k of<span style="letter-spacing: 0.35pt;"> </span>the<span style="letter-spacing: 0.65pt;"> </span>p<span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">a</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">r</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">s</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">e</span>r<span style="letter-spacing: 0.55pt;"> </span>is<span style="letter-spacing: 0.6pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">e</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">ss</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">e</span>nt<span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">i</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">a</span>l<span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">l</span>y<span style="letter-spacing: 0.25pt;"> </span>to<span style="letter-spacing: 0.65pt;"> </span>d<span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">e</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">t</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">e</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">r</span>mine<span style="letter-spacing: 0.5pt;"> </span>if<span style="letter-spacing: 0.55pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">a</span>nd<span style="letter-spacing: 0.5pt;"> </span>how<span style="letter-spacing: 0.75pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">t</span>he<span style="letter-spacing: 0.35pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">i</span>nput<span style="letter-spacing: 0.4pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">c</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">a</span>n<span style="letter-spacing: 0.5pt;"> </span>be<span style="letter-spacing: 0.6pt;"> </span>d<span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">e</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">r</span>iv<span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">e</span>d<span style="letter-spacing: 0.6pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">fr</span>om<span style="letter-spacing: 0.4pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">t</span>he<span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">s</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">t</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">a</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">r</span>t<span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">s</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">y</span>mbol<span style="letter-spacing: 0.2pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.15pt;">o</span>f<span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;"> </span>the<span style="letter-spacing: 0.55pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">g</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">r</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">a</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">m</span>m<span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">a</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">r</span>.<span style="letter-spacing: 0.2pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">T</span>he<span style="letter-spacing: 0.25pt;"> </span>input<span style="letter-spacing: 0.5pt;"> </span>is<span style="letter-spacing: 0.2pt;"> </span>a<span style="letter-spacing: 0.15pt;"> v</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">a</span>lid<span style="letter-spacing: 0.35pt;"> </span>input<span style="letter-spacing: 0.5pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">w</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">i</span>th<span style="letter-spacing: 0.3pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">r</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">e</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">s</span>p<span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">ec</span>t<span style="letter-spacing: 0.3pt;"> </span>to<span style="letter-spacing: 0.3pt;"> </span>a<span style="letter-spacing: 0.25pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">g</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">i</span>v<span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">e</span>n<span style="letter-spacing: 0.25pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">f</span>o<span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">r</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">m</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">a</span>l <span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">g</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">r</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">a</span>m<span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">m</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">a</span>r<span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;"> </span>if<span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;"> i</span>t<span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">ca</span>n<span style="letter-spacing: 0.25pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.15pt;">b</span>e<span style="letter-spacing: 0.15pt;"> </span>d<span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">e</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">r</span>iv<span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">e</span>d<span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">fr</span>om<span style="letter-spacing: 0.2pt;"> </span>the<span style="letter-spacing: 0.3pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">s</span>t<span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">a</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">r</span>t<span style="letter-spacing: 0.2pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.3pt;">s</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.25pt;">y</span>mb<span style="letter-spacing: 0.15pt;">o</span>l<span style="letter-spacing: 0.2pt;"> </span>of<span style="letter-spacing: 0.25pt;"> </span>the<span style="letter-spacing: 0.3pt;"> </span>g<span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">r</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">a</span>m<span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">m</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">a</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">r</span>.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 34.7pt; margin-right: 123.0pt; margin-top: .1pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;"><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; letter-spacing: -0.15pt;">F</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;">o<span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">l</span>lo<span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">w</span>ing<span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">a</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">r</span>e<span style="letter-spacing: 0.15pt;"> d</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">r</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">a</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">w</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.15pt;">b</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">ac</span>ks<span style="letter-spacing: 0.3pt;"> </span>of<span style="letter-spacing: 0.25pt;"> </span>top<span style="letter-spacing: 0.4pt;"> </span>do<span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">w</span>n<span style="letter-spacing: 0.2pt;"> </span>p<span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">a</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">r</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">s</span>i<span style="letter-spacing: 0.15pt;">n</span>g<span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;"> </span>of<span style="letter-spacing: 0.15pt;"> b</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">a</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">c</span>kt<span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">r</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.15pt;">a</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">c</span>kin<span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">g</span>:<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 102%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 58.35pt; margin-right: 21.5pt; margin-top: .3pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; tab-stops: 58.0pt; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-indent: -21.1pt;"><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">(</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">i</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;">)<span style="letter-spacing: -2.45pt;"> </span> <span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">S</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">e</span>m<span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">a</span>ntic<span style="letter-spacing: 1.1pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">ac</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">t</span>ions<span style="letter-spacing: 1.25pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">ca</span>nnot<span style="letter-spacing: 1.3pt;"> </span>be<span style="letter-spacing: 1.1pt;"> </span>p<span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">e</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">rf</span>o<span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">r</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">m</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">e</span>d<span style="letter-spacing: 1.2pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">w</span>hile<span style="letter-spacing: 1.15pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">m</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">a</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.15pt;">k</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">i</span>ng<span style="letter-spacing: 1.15pt;"> </span>a<span style="letter-spacing: 1pt;"> </span>p<span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">r</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">e</span>d<span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">i</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">c</span>t<span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">i</span>on.<span style="letter-spacing: 1pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">T</span>he<span style="letter-spacing: 1.1pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">ac</span>tions<span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;"> </span>mu<span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">s</span>t<span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;"> </span>be<span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;"> </span>d<span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">e</span>l<span style="letter-spacing: 0.15pt;">a</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.25pt;">y</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">e</span>d<span style="letter-spacing: 0.25pt;"> </span>until<span style="letter-spacing: 0.45pt;"> </span>the<span style="letter-spacing: 0.3pt;"> </span>p<span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">r</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">e</span>di<span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">c</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">t</span>ion<span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;"> i</span>s<span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;"> </span>kno<span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">w</span>n<span style="letter-spacing: 0.3pt;"> </span>to<span style="letter-spacing: 0.3pt;"> </span>be<span style="letter-spacing: 0.25pt;"> </span>a<span style="letter-spacing: 0.15pt;"> </span>p<span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">a</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">r</span>t<span style="letter-spacing: 0.2pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.15pt;">o</span>f<span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;"> </span>a<span style="letter-spacing: 0.15pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">s</span>u<span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">c</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">c</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">e</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">s</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">s</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">f</span>ul<span style="letter-spacing: 0.2pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.15pt;">p</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">a</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">r</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">s</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">e</span>.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 102%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 55.0pt; margin-right: 21.35pt; margin-top: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-indent: -17.75pt;"><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">(</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">i</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;">i) <span style="letter-spacing: 1.6pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">P</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">r</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">ec</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">i</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">s</span>e <span style="letter-spacing: 1.25pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">e</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">rr</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.15pt;">o</span>r <span style="letter-spacing: 1.4pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">r</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">e</span>po<span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">r</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">t</span>i<span style="letter-spacing: 0.15pt;">n</span>g <span style="letter-spacing: 1.4pt;"> </span>is <span style="letter-spacing: 1.3pt;"> </span>not <span style="letter-spacing: 1.45pt;"> </span>po<span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">s</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">s</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">i</span>bl<span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">e</span>. <span style="letter-spacing: 1.35pt;"> </span>A <span style="letter-spacing: 1.3pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">m</span>i<span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">s</span>m<span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">a</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">t</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">c</span>h <span style="letter-spacing: 1.5pt;"> </span>m<span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">e</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">r</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">e</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">l</span>y <span style="letter-spacing: 1.15pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.25pt;">t</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">r</span>ig<span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">g</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">e</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">r</span>s b<span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">a</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">c</span>kt<span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">r</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">ac</span>kin<span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">g</span>.<span style="letter-spacing: 0.3pt;"> </span>A<span style="letter-spacing: 0.45pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">s</span>ou<span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">r</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">c</span>e<span style="letter-spacing: 0.4pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">s</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">t</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">r</span>ing<span style="letter-spacing: 0.25pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">i</span>s<span style="letter-spacing: 0.35pt;"> </span>kno<span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">w</span>n<span style="letter-spacing: 0.7pt;"> </span>to<span style="letter-spacing: 0.4pt;"> </span>be<span style="letter-spacing: 0.5pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">e</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">rr</span>o<span style="letter-spacing: 0.15pt;">n</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">e</span>ous<span style="letter-spacing: 0.4pt;"> </span>on<span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">l</span>y<span style="letter-spacing: 0.35pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">a</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">f</span>t<span style="letter-spacing: 0.15pt;">e</span>r<span style="letter-spacing: 0.3pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">a</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">l</span>l<span style="letter-spacing: 0.45pt;"> </span>p<span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">r</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">e</span>di<span style="letter-spacing: 0.15pt;">c</span>tions h<span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">a</span>ve<span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">f</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">a</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">i</span>l<span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">e</span>d.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 12.0pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: .95pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 102%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 41.45pt; margin-right: 21.45pt; margin-top: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; tab-stops: 45.0pt 5.5in; text-autospace: none; text-indent: -27.85pt;"><b><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;">Q<span style="letter-spacing: 0.2pt;">.</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">4</span>.<span style="letter-spacing: -2.35pt;"> </span> </span></b><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">G</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;">ive</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; letter-spacing: 0.4pt;"> </span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;">the<span style="letter-spacing: 0.65pt;"> </span>S<span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">c</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.15pt;">h</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">e</span>m<span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">a</span>tic<span style="letter-spacing: 0.5pt;"> </span>of<span style="letter-spacing: 0.75pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.15pt;">I</span>n<span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">t</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">e</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">r</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.15pt;">p</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">r</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">e</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">t</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">a</span>t<span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">i</span>on<span style="letter-spacing: 0.45pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.15pt;">o</span>f<span style="letter-spacing: 0.55pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.15pt;">H</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.15pt;">L</span>L<span style="letter-spacing: 0.6pt;"> </span>p<span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">r</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.15pt;">o</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">g</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">r</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">a</span>m<span style="letter-spacing: 0.7pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">a</span>nd<span style="letter-spacing: 0.5pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">e</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.15pt;">x</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">ec</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.15pt;">u</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">t</span>ion<span style="letter-spacing: 0.5pt;"> </span>of<span style="letter-spacing: 0.6pt;"> </span>a<span style="letter-spacing: 0.5pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">m</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">ac</span>h<span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">i</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.15pt;">n</span>e<span style="letter-spacing: 0.15pt;"> </span>l<span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">a</span>n<span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">g</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.15pt;">u</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">a</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">g</span>e<span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;"> </span>p<span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">r</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.15pt;">o</span>g<span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">r</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">a</span>m<span style="letter-spacing: 0.25pt;"> b</span>y the<span style="letter-spacing: 0.4pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">C</span>P<span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">U</span>.<span style="letter-spacing: -2.35pt;"> </span> <b><span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">(</span>8)</b><o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 11.0pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: .65pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;"><br />
</div></div><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 11pt;"><br clear="all" style="mso-break-type: section-break; page-break-before: auto;" /> </span> <br />
<div class="WordSection4"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 38.7pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 1.4pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;"><b><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">A</span></b><b><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;">n<span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">s</span>:</span></b><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;"><o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 7.5pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: .15pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 10.0pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 10.0pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 44.3pt; margin-right: -2.7pt; margin-top: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;"><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; letter-spacing: -0.15pt;">I</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;">nt<span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">e</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">r</span>p<span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">r</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">e</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">t</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">e</span>r</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;"><o:p></o:p></span></div><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 11pt;"><br clear="all" /> </span> <br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 10.0pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;"><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 10pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 14.0pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: .85pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: -2.7pt; margin-top: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; tab-stops: 135.0pt; text-autospace: none;"><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">M</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">e</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;">mo<span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">r</span>y<span style="letter-spacing: -2.3pt;"> </span> <span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">C</span>PU<o:p></o:p></span></div><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 11pt;"><br clear="all" /> </span> <br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 6.0pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: .45pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;"><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 6pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 10.0pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;"><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">M</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">e</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;">mo<span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">r</span>y</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;"><o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 10.0pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 10.0pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 13.0pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: .55pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 5.9pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 7.1pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;"><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; letter-spacing: -0.05pt; position: relative; top: 5.5pt;">M</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; letter-spacing: 0.05pt; position: relative; top: 5.5pt;">a</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; letter-spacing: -0.1pt; position: relative; top: 5.5pt;">c</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; position: relative; top: 5.5pt;">hine</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></div><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 11pt;"><br clear="all" style="mso-break-type: section-break; page-break-before: auto;" /> </span> <br />
<div class="WordSection5"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 15.9pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 42.9pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 2.45pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; mso-pagination: none; tab-stops: 2.0in; text-autospace: none;"><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; letter-spacing: 0.1pt; position: relative; top: 2pt;">P</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; position: relative; top: 2pt;">C<span style="letter-spacing: -2.4pt;"> </span> </span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; letter-spacing: 0.1pt; position: relative; top: -2.5pt;">S</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; position: relative; top: -2.5pt;">ou<span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">r</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">c</span>e</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;"><o:p></o:p></span></div><div align="right" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 9.8pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; mso-pagination: none; text-align: right; text-autospace: none;"><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; letter-spacing: 0.1pt; position: relative; top: -0.5pt;">P</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; letter-spacing: -0.05pt; position: relative; top: -0.5pt;">r</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; position: relative; top: -0.5pt;">o<span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">g</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">r</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">a</span>m</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;"><o:p></o:p></span></div><div align="right" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 18.25pt; margin-top: .3pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: right; text-autospace: none;"><span style="position: relative; z-index: -11;"><span style="height: 149px; left: 161px; position: absolute; top: -75px; width: 217px;"><img height="149" src="file:///C:/Users/arvind/AppData/Local/Temp/msohtmlclip1/01/clip_image001.gif" v:shapes="_x0000_s1026 _x0000_s1027 _x0000_s1028 _x0000_s1029 _x0000_s1030 _x0000_s1031 _x0000_s1032 _x0000_s1033 _x0000_s1034 _x0000_s1035 _x0000_s1036 _x0000_s1037 _x0000_s1038 _x0000_s1039 _x0000_s1040 _x0000_s1041 _x0000_s1042 _x0000_s1043 _x0000_s1044 _x0000_s1045 _x0000_s1046 _x0000_s1047 _x0000_s1048 _x0000_s1049 _x0000_s1050 _x0000_s1051 _x0000_s1052 _x0000_s1053 _x0000_s1054 _x0000_s1055 _x0000_s1056 _x0000_s1057 _x0000_s1058 _x0000_s1059 _x0000_s1060 _x0000_s1061 _x0000_s1062 _x0000_s1063 _x0000_s1064 _x0000_s1065" width="217" /></span></span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;">+</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;"><o:p></o:p></span></div><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 11pt;"><br clear="all" /> </span> <br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 9.85pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;"><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; position: relative; top: 1pt;">PC</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;"><o:p></o:p></span></div><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 9.85pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 99.65pt; margin-right: 27.65pt; margin-top: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; mso-pagination: none; text-align: center; text-autospace: none;"><span style="position: relative; z-index: -10;"><span style="height: 148px; left: 466px; position: absolute; top: -61px; width: 216px;"><img height="148" src="file:///C:/Users/arvind/AppData/Local/Temp/msohtmlclip1/01/clip_image002.gif" v:shapes="_x0000_s1066 _x0000_s1067 _x0000_s1068 _x0000_s1069 _x0000_s1070 _x0000_s1071 _x0000_s1072 _x0000_s1073 _x0000_s1074 _x0000_s1075 _x0000_s1076 _x0000_s1077 _x0000_s1078 _x0000_s1079 _x0000_s1080 _x0000_s1081 _x0000_s1082 _x0000_s1083 _x0000_s1084 _x0000_s1085 _x0000_s1086 _x0000_s1087 _x0000_s1088 _x0000_s1089 _x0000_s1090 _x0000_s1091 _x0000_s1092 _x0000_s1093 _x0000_s1094 _x0000_s1095 _x0000_s1096 _x0000_s1097 _x0000_s1098 _x0000_s1099 _x0000_s1100 _x0000_s1101 _x0000_s1102 _x0000_s1103" width="216" /></span></span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; position: relative; top: -0.5pt;">l<span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">a</span>ngu<span style="letter-spacing: 0.15pt;">a</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">g</span>e</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;"><o:p></o:p></span></div><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 99.65pt; margin-right: 30.25pt; margin-top: .3pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: center; text-autospace: none;"><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;">p<span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">r</span>og<span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">r</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">a</span>m</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;"><o:p></o:p></span></div><div align="right" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 9.5pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 49.75pt; margin-top: .3pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; mso-pagination: none; text-align: right; text-autospace: none;"><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; position: relative; top: 2.5pt;">+</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></div><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 11pt;"><br clear="all" style="mso-break-type: section-break; page-break-before: auto;" /> </span> <br />
<div class="WordSection6"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 11.05pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 52.7pt; margin-right: -2.7pt; margin-top: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;"><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">Err</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;">o<span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">r</span>s</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;"><o:p></o:p></span></div><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 11pt;"><br clear="all" /> </span> <br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 12.0pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: -2.7pt; margin-top: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;"><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">D</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">a</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">t</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;">a</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;"><o:p></o:p></span></div><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 11pt;"><br clear="all" /> </span> <br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 3.8pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;"><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">D</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">a</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;">ta</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></div><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 11pt;"><br clear="all" style="mso-break-type: section-break; page-break-before: auto;" /> </span> <br />
<div class="WordSection7"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 14.0pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: .35pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 86.55pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 1.4pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; tab-stops: 331.0pt; text-autospace: none;"><b><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;">a<span style="letter-spacing: -2.65pt;"> </span> b</span></b><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;"><o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 6.5pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: .3pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 102%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 30.15pt; margin-right: 25.0pt; margin-top: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;"><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">T</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;">he<span style="letter-spacing: 0.2pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">C</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">P</span>U<span style="letter-spacing: 0.2pt;"> </span>u<span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">s</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">e</span>s<span style="letter-spacing: 0.15pt;"> </span>a<span style="letter-spacing: 0.15pt;"> </span>p<span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">r</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.15pt;">o</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">g</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">r</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">a</span>m<span style="letter-spacing: 0.25pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">c</span>ount<span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">e</span>r<span style="letter-spacing: 0.2pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">(</span>P<span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">C</span>)<span style="letter-spacing: 0.15pt;"> </span>to<span style="letter-spacing: 0.3pt;"> </span>note<span style="letter-spacing: 0.4pt;"> </span>the<span style="letter-spacing: 0.4pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">a</span>dd<span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">r</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">e</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">s</span>s<span style="letter-spacing: 0.3pt;"> </span>of<span style="letter-spacing: 0.15pt;"> n</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">e</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.15pt;">x</span>t<span style="letter-spacing: 0.2pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">i</span>n<span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">s</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">t</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">r</span>u<span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">c</span>t<span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">i</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">o</span>n<span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;"> </span>to<span style="letter-spacing: 0.3pt;"> </span>be<span style="letter-spacing: 0.2pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">e</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.15pt;">x</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">e</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">c</span>ut<span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">e</span>d.<span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">T</span>his<span style="letter-spacing: 0.3pt;"> </span>in<span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">s</span>t<span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">r</span>u<span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">c</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">t</span>ion<span style="letter-spacing: 0.15pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">i</span>s<span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">s</span>ubj<span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">e</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">c</span>t<span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">e</span>d<span style="letter-spacing: 0.25pt;"> </span>to<span style="letter-spacing: 0.3pt;"> </span>the<span style="letter-spacing: 0.3pt;"> </span>in<span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">s</span>t<span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">r</span>u<span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">c</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">t</span>ion<span style="letter-spacing: 0.3pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">e</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.15pt;">x</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">e</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">c</span>ution<span style="letter-spacing: 0.25pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">c</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.25pt;">y</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">c</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.25pt;">l</span>e<span style="letter-spacing: 0.15pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">c</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.15pt;">o</span>n<span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">s</span>i<span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">s</span>ting<span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;"> </span>of<span style="letter-spacing: 0.15pt;"> </span>the<span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">f</span>o<span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">l</span>lo<span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">w</span>ing<span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">s</span>t<span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">e</span>p<span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">s</span>:<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 47.1pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;"><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;">1. <span style="letter-spacing: 2.35pt;"> </span>F<span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">e</span>t<span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">c</span>h<span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;"> t</span>he <span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">i</span>n<span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">s</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">t</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">r</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.15pt;">u</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">c</span>t<span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">i</span>on.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 102%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 30.15pt; margin-right: 22.2pt; margin-top: .3pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none; text-indent: 16.9pt;"><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;">2. <span style="letter-spacing: 2.35pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">D</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">ec</span>ode<span style="letter-spacing: 0.2pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">t</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.15pt;">h</span>e <span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">i</span>n<span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">s</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">t</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">r</span>u<span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">c</span>t<span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">i</span>on<span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">t</span>o<span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;"> </span>d<span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">e</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">t</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">e</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">r</span>m<span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">i</span>ne<span style="letter-spacing: 0.15pt;"> </span>the<span style="letter-spacing: 0.3pt;"> </span>o<span style="letter-spacing: 0.15pt;">p</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">e</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">r</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">a</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">t</span>ion<span style="letter-spacing: 0.25pt;"> </span>to<span style="letter-spacing: 0.15pt;"> </span>be<span style="letter-spacing: 0.25pt;"> </span>p<span style="letter-spacing: 0.15pt;">e</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">rf</span>o<span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">r</span>m<span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">e</span>d,<span style="letter-spacing: 0.3pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">a</span>nd<span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">a</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">l</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">s</span>o<span style="letter-spacing: 0.25pt;"> </span>i<span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">t</span>s<span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;"> </span>op<span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">e</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">r</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">a</span>nd<span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">s</span>.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 47.1pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;"><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;">3<span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">.</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">E</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.15pt;">x</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">e</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">c</span>ute<span style="letter-spacing: 0.15pt;"> </span>the<span style="letter-spacing: 0.3pt;"> </span>in<span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">s</span>t<span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">r</span>u<span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">c</span>tion.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 102%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 30.15pt; margin-right: 21.25pt; margin-top: .3pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;"><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">A</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;">t<span style="letter-spacing: 1.95pt;"> </span>the<span style="letter-spacing: 1.95pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">e</span>nd<span style="letter-spacing: 1.9pt;"> </span>of<span style="letter-spacing: 1.8pt;"> </span>the<span style="letter-spacing: 1.95pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">c</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">yc</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">l</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">e</span>,<span style="letter-spacing: 1.85pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">t</span>he<span style="letter-spacing: 1.75pt;"> </span>in<span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">s</span>t<span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">r</span>u<span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">c</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">t</span>ion<span style="letter-spacing: 1.85pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">a</span>dd<span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">r</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">e</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">s</span>s<span style="letter-spacing: 1.85pt;"> </span>in<span style="letter-spacing: 1.95pt;"> </span>PC<span style="letter-spacing: 2pt;"> </span>is<span style="letter-spacing: 1.9pt;"> </span>upd<span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">a</span>t<span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">e</span>d<span style="letter-spacing: 2.1pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">a</span>nd<span style="letter-spacing: 1.9pt;"> </span>t<span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">h</span>e<span style="letter-spacing: 1.75pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.15pt;">c</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.25pt;">y</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">c</span>le<span style="letter-spacing: 1.8pt;"> </span>is<span style="letter-spacing: 0.15pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">r</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">e</span>p<span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">e</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">a</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">t</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">e</span>d <span style="letter-spacing: -0.2pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">f</span>or<span style="letter-spacing: 2.3pt;"> </span>the <span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;"> </span>n<span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">e</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.15pt;">x</span>t i<span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">n</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">s</span>t<span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">r</span>u<span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">c</span>tion.<span style="letter-spacing: 2.4pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">P</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">r</span>o<span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">g</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">r</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">a</span>m<span style="letter-spacing: 2.4pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">i</span>nt<span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">e</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">r</span>p<span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">r</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">e</span>t<span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">a</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">t</span>ion<span style="letter-spacing: 2.35pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">c</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">a</span>n<span style="letter-spacing: 2.4pt;"> </span>p<span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">r</span>o<span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">ce</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">e</span>d<span style="letter-spacing: 2.4pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">i</span>n<span style="letter-spacing: 2.35pt;"> </span>a<span style="letter-spacing: 2.3pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">s</span>i<span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">m</span>il<span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">a</span>r<span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;"> </span>m<span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">a</span>nn<span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">e</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">r</span>. <span style="letter-spacing: 0.8pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">T</span>he <span style="letter-spacing: 0.9pt;"> </span>PC <span style="letter-spacing: 0.9pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">c</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">a</span>n <span style="letter-spacing: 0.85pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">i</span>ndi<span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">c</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">a</span>te <span style="letter-spacing: 0.85pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">w</span>hi<span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">c</span>h <span style="letter-spacing: 1pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">s</span>t<span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">a</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">t</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">e</span>m<span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">e</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.15pt;">n</span>t <span style="letter-spacing: 0.85pt;"> </span>of <span style="letter-spacing: 1pt;"> </span>the <span style="letter-spacing: 1.05pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">s</span>ou<span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">r</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">c</span>e <span style="letter-spacing: 0.9pt;"> </span>p<span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">r</span>o<span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">g</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">r</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">a</span>m <span style="letter-spacing: 0.95pt;"> </span>is <span style="letter-spacing: 0.95pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">t</span>o <span style="letter-spacing: 0.7pt;"> </span>be<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 9.0pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: .05pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;"><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 9pt;"><o:p> </o:p></span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; line-height: 16px;">in<span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">t</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">e</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">r</span>p<span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">r</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">e</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">t</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">e</span>d<span style="letter-spacing: 0.65pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.15pt;">n</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">e</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.15pt;">x</span>t.<span style="letter-spacing: 0.65pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">T</span>his<span style="letter-spacing: 0.65pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">s</span>t<span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">a</span>t<span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">e</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">m</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">e</span>nt<span style="letter-spacing: 0.7pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">w</span>ou<span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">l</span>d<span style="letter-spacing: 0.65pt;"> </span>be<span style="letter-spacing: 0.6pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">s</span>ubj<span style="letter-spacing: 0.15pt;">e</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">c</span>t<span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">e</span>d<span style="letter-spacing: 0.6pt;"> </span>to<span style="letter-spacing: 0.75pt;"> </span>the<span style="letter-spacing: 0.8pt;"> </span>int<span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">e</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">r</span>p<span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">r</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">e</span>t<span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">a</span>tion<span style="letter-spacing: 0.7pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.15pt;">c</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.25pt;">y</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">c</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">l</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">e</span>,<span style="letter-spacing: 0.65pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">w</span>h<span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">i</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">c</span>h<span style="letter-spacing: 0.15pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">c</span>on<span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">s</span>i<span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">s</span>ts<span style="letter-spacing: 0.2pt;"> </span>of<span style="letter-spacing: 0.15pt;"> </span>the<span style="letter-spacing: 0.3pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">f</span>o<span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">l</span>lo<span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">w</span>ing<span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;"> s</span>t<span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">e</span>p<span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">s</span>:</span></div></div><div class="WordSection8"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 24.5pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;"><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;">1. <span style="letter-spacing: 2.35pt;"> </span>F<span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">e</span>t<span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">c</span>h<span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;"> t</span>he <span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">s</span>t<span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">a</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">t</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">e</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">m</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">e</span>nt.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 102%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 41.45pt; margin-right: 21.45pt; margin-top: .3pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none; text-indent: -16.9pt;"><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;">2. <span style="letter-spacing: 2.35pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">A</span>n<span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">a</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">l</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.25pt;">y</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.2pt;">s</span>e <span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;"> </span>the <span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;"> s</span>t<span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">a</span>t<span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">e</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">m</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">e</span>nt<span style="letter-spacing: 2.5pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">a</span>nd<span style="letter-spacing: 2.5pt;"> </span>d<span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">e</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">t</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">e</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">r</span>m<span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">i</span>ne<span style="letter-spacing: 2.4pt;"> </span>i<span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">t</span>s m<span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">e</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">a</span>n<span style="letter-spacing: -0.15pt;">i</span>n<span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">g</span>, <span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;"> </span>viz <span style="letter-spacing: 0.2pt;"> </span>. the <span style="letter-spacing: 0.2pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">c</span>ompu<span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">t</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">a</span>t<span style="letter-spacing: -0.15pt;">i</span>on<span style="letter-spacing: 2.5pt;"> </span>to <span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;"> </span>be p<span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">e</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">rf</span>o<span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">r</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">m</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">e</span>d<span style="letter-spacing: 0.25pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">a</span>nd<span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;"> i</span>ts<span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;"> </span>op<span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">e</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">r</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">a</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.15pt;">n</span>d<span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">s</span>.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 24.5pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;"><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;">3. <span style="letter-spacing: 2.35pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">E</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.15pt;">x</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">e</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">c</span>ute<span style="letter-spacing: 0.15pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">t</span>he <span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">m</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">ea</span>n<span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">i</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.15pt;">n</span>g<span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;"> </span>of<span style="letter-spacing: 0.25pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">t</span>he<span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">s</span>t<span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">a</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">t</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">e</span>m<span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">e</span>nt.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 26.2pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 41.45pt; margin-right: 22.7pt; margin-top: 2.7pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; mso-pagination: none; tab-stops: 405.0pt; text-autospace: none; text-indent: -33.85pt;"><b><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;">Q<span style="letter-spacing: 0.2pt;">.</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">5</span>.<span style="letter-spacing: 0.35pt;"> </span></span></b><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">G</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">i</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;">ve<span style="letter-spacing: 0.2pt;"> </span>the<span style="letter-spacing: 0.3pt;"> </span>di<span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">ff</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">e</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">r</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">e</span>n<span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">c</span>e<span style="letter-spacing: 0.3pt;"> </span>b<span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">e</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">t</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">w</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">e</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">e</span>n<span style="letter-spacing: 0.25pt;"> </span>mul<span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">t</span>ip<span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">r</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.15pt;">o</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">g</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">r</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">a</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">m</span>m<span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">i</span>ng<span style="letter-spacing: 0.3pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">a</span>nd<span style="letter-spacing: 0.25pt;"> </span>mul<span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">t</span>ip<span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">r</span>o<span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">ce</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">s</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">s</span>in<span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">g</span>.<span style="letter-spacing: -2.2pt;"> </span> <b><span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">(</span>5) <span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">A</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.15pt;">n</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">s</span>:</b><o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 9.85pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 34.7pt; margin-right: 12.9pt; margin-top: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;"><b><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; position: relative; top: -0.5pt;">A<span style="letter-spacing: 1.25pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.15pt;">m</span>u<span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">l</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">t</span>ip<span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">r</span>o<span style="letter-spacing: 0.15pt;">c</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">es</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">s</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">i</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.15pt;">n</span>g<span style="letter-spacing: 1.5pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">s</span>y<span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">s</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">t</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">e</span>m<span style="letter-spacing: 1.3pt;"> </span></span></b><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; position: relative; top: -0.5pt;">is<span style="letter-spacing: 1.3pt;"> </span>a<span style="letter-spacing: 1.45pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">c</span>ompu<span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">t</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">e</span>r<span style="letter-spacing: 1.25pt;"> </span>h<span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">a</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">r</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.15pt;">dw</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">a</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">r</span>e<span style="letter-spacing: 1.45pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">c</span>on<span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">f</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">i</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">g</span>u<span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">r</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">a</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">t</span>ion<span style="letter-spacing: 1.45pt;"> </span>th<span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">a</span>t<span style="letter-spacing: 1.45pt;"> </span>i<span style="letter-spacing: 0.15pt;">n</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">c</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">l</span>ud<span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">e</span>s<span style="letter-spacing: 1.2pt;"> </span>mo<span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">r</span>e</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;"><o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 102%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 34.7pt; margin-right: 12.8pt; margin-top: .3pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;"><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;">th<span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">a</span>n<span style="letter-spacing: 1.5pt;"> </span>one<span style="letter-spacing: 1.55pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">i</span>nd<span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">e</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.15pt;">p</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">e</span>nd<span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">e</span>nt<span style="letter-spacing: 1.35pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.15pt;">p</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">r</span>o<span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">ce</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">ss</span>ing<span style="letter-spacing: 1.45pt;"> </span>uni<span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">t</span>.<span style="letter-spacing: 1.55pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">T</span>he<span style="letter-spacing: 1.35pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.25pt;">t</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">e</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">r</span>m<span style="letter-spacing: 1.25pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">m</span>ult<span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">i</span>p<span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">r</span>o<span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">ce</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">ss</span>ing<span style="letter-spacing: 1.35pt;"> </span>is<span style="letter-spacing: 1.4pt;"> </span>g<span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">e</span>n<span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">e</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">r</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">a</span>l<span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">l</span>y<span style="letter-spacing: 1.2pt;"> </span>u<span style="letter-spacing: 0.2pt;">s</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">e</span>d<span style="letter-spacing: 1.45pt;"> </span>to<span style="letter-spacing: 0.15pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">r</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">e</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">f</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">e</span>r<span style="letter-spacing: 1.2pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">t</span>o<span style="letter-spacing: 1.1pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">l</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">a</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">r</span>ge<span style="letter-spacing: 1.2pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">c</span>omput<span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">e</span>r<span style="letter-spacing: 1.3pt;"> </span>h<span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">a</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">r</span>d<span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">wa</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">r</span>e<span style="letter-spacing: 1.25pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">c</span>ompl<span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">e</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.15pt;">x</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">e</span>s<span style="letter-spacing: 1.35pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">f</span>ound<span style="letter-spacing: 1.15pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">i</span>n<span style="letter-spacing: 1.25pt;"> </span>m<span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">a</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">j</span>or<span style="letter-spacing: 1.35pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">s</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">c</span>i<span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">e</span>n<span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">t</span>i<span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">f</span>ic<span style="letter-spacing: 1.35pt;"> </span>or<span style="letter-spacing: 1.2pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">c</span>om<span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">m</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">e</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">r</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">c</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">i</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">a</span>l <span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">a</span>ppl<span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">i</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">ca</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">t</span>ion<span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">s</span>. <span style="letter-spacing: 0.8pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">T</span>he <span style="letter-spacing: 0.8pt;"> </span>mu<span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">l</span>tip<span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">r</span>o<span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">c</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">e</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">s</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">s</span>or <span style="letter-spacing: 1.2pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.2pt;">s</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.25pt;">y</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">s</span>t<span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">e</span>m <span style="letter-spacing: 0.95pt;"> </span>is <span style="letter-spacing: 1.1pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">c</span>h<span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">a</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">r</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">ac</span>t<span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">e</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">r</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">i</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">z</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">e</span>d <span style="letter-spacing: 1pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.25pt;">b</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.25pt;">y</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">-</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">i</span>n<span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">c</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">r</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">e</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.15pt;">a</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">s</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">e</span>d <span style="letter-spacing: 1pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.2pt;">s</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.25pt;">y</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">s</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">t</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">e</span>m th<span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">r</span>ou<span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">g</span>hput <span style="letter-spacing: 0.75pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">a</span>nd <span style="letter-spacing: 0.75pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">a</span>ppli<span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">ca</span>tion <span style="letter-spacing: 0.65pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">s</span>p<span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">e</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">e</span>dup<span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">-</span>p<span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">a</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">r</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">a</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">l</span>l<span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">e</span>l <span style="letter-spacing: 0.7pt;"> </span>p<span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">r</span>o<span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">c</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">e</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">s</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">s</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">i</span>n<span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">g</span>. <span style="letter-spacing: 0.8pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">T</span>he <span style="letter-spacing: 0.65pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.25pt;">m</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">a</span>in <span style="letter-spacing: 0.8pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">f</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">e</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.15pt;">a</span>tu<span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">r</span>e <span style="letter-spacing: 0.6pt;"> </span>of <span style="letter-spacing: 0.75pt;"> </span>th<span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">i</span>s <span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">a</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">r</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">c</span>h<span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">i</span>t<span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">e</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">c</span>t<span style="letter-spacing: 0.15pt;">u</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">r</span>e<span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;"> </span>is<span style="letter-spacing: 0.2pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">t</span>o<span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;"> </span>p<span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">r</span>ov<span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">i</span>de<span style="letter-spacing: 0.15pt;"> </span>h<span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">i</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">g</span>h<span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">s</span>p<span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">e</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">e</span>d<span style="letter-spacing: 0.25pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">a</span>t<span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;"> </span>low<span style="letter-spacing: 0.45pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">c</span>o<span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">s</span>t<span style="letter-spacing: 0.2pt;"> </span>in<span style="letter-spacing: 0.3pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">c</span>omp<span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">a</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">r</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">i</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">s</span>on<span style="letter-spacing: 0.25pt;"> </span>to<span style="letter-spacing: 0.3pt;"> </span>uni-<span style="letter-spacing: 0.3pt;"> </span>p<span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">r</span>o<span style="letter-spacing: 0.15pt;">c</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">es</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">s</span>o<span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">r</span>.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 102%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 34.7pt; margin-right: 12.7pt; margin-top: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;"><b><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;">A<span style="letter-spacing: 1.15pt;"> </span>mul<span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">t</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">i</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.15pt;">p</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.15pt;">r</span>og<span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">r</span>am<span style="letter-spacing: -0.15pt;">m</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">i</span>ng<span style="letter-spacing: 1.7pt;"> </span>o<span style="letter-spacing: -0.15pt;">p</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.15pt;">e</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">r</span>a<span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">t</span>ing<span style="letter-spacing: 1.45pt;"> </span></span></b><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; letter-spacing: 0.2pt;">s</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; letter-spacing: -0.35pt;">y</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">s</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; letter-spacing: 0.25pt;">t</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">e</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;">m<span style="letter-spacing: 1.45pt;"> </span>is<span style="letter-spacing: 1.3pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.2pt;">s</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.35pt;">y</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">s</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">t</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">e</span>m<span style="letter-spacing: 1.45pt;"> </span>th<span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">a</span>t<span style="letter-spacing: 1.45pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">a</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">l</span>lo<span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">w</span>s<span style="letter-spacing: 1.25pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">m</span>o<span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">r</span>e<span style="letter-spacing: 1.4pt;"> </span>th<span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">a</span>n<span style="letter-spacing: 1.5pt;"> </span>one<span style="letter-spacing: 1.65pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">ac</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">t</span>ive<span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;"> </span>u<span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">s</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">e</span>r<span style="letter-spacing: 0.95pt;"> </span>p<span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">r</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.15pt;">o</span>g<span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">r</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">a</span>m<span style="letter-spacing: 1.05pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">(</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.15pt;">o</span>r<span style="letter-spacing: 1pt;"> </span>p<span style="letter-spacing: 0.15pt;">a</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">r</span>t<span style="letter-spacing: 1.05pt;"> </span>of<span style="letter-spacing: 1.2pt;"> </span>u<span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">s</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">e</span>r<span style="letter-spacing: 1.05pt;"> </span>p<span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">r</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.15pt;">o</span>g<span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">r</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">a</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">m</span>)<span style="letter-spacing: 1.15pt;"> </span>to<span style="letter-spacing: 1.15pt;"> </span>be<span style="letter-spacing: 1.1pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">s</span>t<span style="letter-spacing: 0.15pt;">o</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">r</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">e</span>d<span style="letter-spacing: 1.1pt;"> </span>in<span style="letter-spacing: 1.15pt;"> </span>m<span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">a</span>in<span style="letter-spacing: 1.15pt;"> </span>m<span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">e</span>m<span style="letter-spacing: 0.15pt;">o</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.2pt;">r</span>y<span style="letter-spacing: 0.9pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">s</span>imu<span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">l</span>t<span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">a</span>n<span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">e</span>ou<span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">s</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.25pt;">l</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.25pt;">y</span>.<span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">M</span>u<span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">l</span>ti <span style="letter-spacing: -1.3pt;"> </span>p<span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">r</span>o<span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">g</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">r</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">a</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">m</span>m<span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">e</span>d<span style="letter-spacing: 1.3pt;"> </span>op<span style="letter-spacing: 0.15pt;">e</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">r</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">a</span>ting<span style="letter-spacing: 1.55pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.3pt;">s</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.25pt;">y</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">s</span>t<span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">e</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">m</span>s<span style="letter-spacing: 1.35pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">a</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">r</span>e<span style="letter-spacing: 1.35pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">f</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">a</span>i<span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">r</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.25pt;">l</span>y<span style="letter-spacing: 1.25pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">s</span>ophi<span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">s</span>ti<span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">c</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">a</span>t<span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">e</span>d.<span style="letter-spacing: 1.25pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">A</span>ll<span style="letter-spacing: 1.35pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">t</span>he<span style="letter-spacing: 1.4pt;"> </span>j<span style="letter-spacing: 0.15pt;">o</span>bs<span style="letter-spacing: 1.2pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">t</span>h<span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">a</span>t<span style="letter-spacing: 1.25pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">e</span>nt<span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">e</span>r<span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;"> </span>the<span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;"> s</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">y</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">s</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">t</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">e</span>m<span style="letter-spacing: 0.35pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">a</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">r</span>e<span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;"> </span>k<span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">e</span>pt<span style="letter-spacing: 0.2pt;"> </span>in<span style="letter-spacing: 0.3pt;"> </span>t<span style="letter-spacing: 0.15pt;">h</span>e<span style="letter-spacing: 0.2pt;"> </span>job<span style="letter-spacing: 0.4pt;"> </span>pool.<span style="letter-spacing: 0.5pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">T</span>h<span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">i</span>s<span style="letter-spacing: 0.15pt;"> </span>pool<span style="letter-spacing: 0.45pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">c</span>on<span style="letter-spacing: 0.2pt;">s</span>i<span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">s</span>ts<span style="letter-spacing: 0.15pt;"> </span>of<span style="letter-spacing: 0.25pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">a</span>ll<span style="letter-spacing: 0.2pt;"> </span>p<span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">r</span>o<span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">ce</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">s</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">s</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">e</span>s<span style="letter-spacing: 0.3pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">r</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">e</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">s</span>iding<span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;"> </span>on<span style="letter-spacing: 0.35pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">m</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">a</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">s</span>s <span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">s</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">t</span>o<span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">r</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">a</span>ge<span style="letter-spacing: 1.35pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">aw</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">a</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">i</span>ting<span style="letter-spacing: 1.35pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">a</span>llo<span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">c</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">a</span>t<span style="letter-spacing: 0.25pt;">i</span>on<span style="letter-spacing: 1.45pt;"> </span>of<span style="letter-spacing: 1.3pt;"> </span>m<span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">a</span>in<span style="letter-spacing: 1.35pt;"> </span>m<span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">e</span>mo<span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">r</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.25pt;">y</span>.<span style="letter-spacing: 1.4pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.15pt;">I</span>f<span style="letter-spacing: 1.35pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">s</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">e</span>v<span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">e</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">r</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">a</span>l<span style="letter-spacing: 1.3pt;"> </span>jobs<span style="letter-spacing: 1.6pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">a</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">r</span>e<span style="letter-spacing: 1.45pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">r</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">e</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">a</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.25pt;">d</span>y<span style="letter-spacing: 1.25pt;"> </span>to<span style="letter-spacing: 1.5pt;"> </span>be<span style="letter-spacing: 1.55pt;"> </span>b<span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">r</span>ou<span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">g</span>ht<span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;"> </span>into<span style="letter-spacing: 1.95pt;"> </span>m<span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">e</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">m</span>o<span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">r</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.25pt;">y</span>,<span style="letter-spacing: 2pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">a</span>nd<span style="letter-spacing: 1.9pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">t</span>h<span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">e</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">r</span>e<span style="letter-spacing: 2pt;"> </span>is <span style="letter-spacing: -0.65pt;"> </span>not<span style="letter-spacing: 2.15pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">e</span>nou<span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">g</span>h<span style="letter-spacing: 2.05pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">r</span>oom<span style="letter-spacing: 1.95pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">f</span>or<span style="letter-spacing: 1.8pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">a</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">l</span>l<span style="letter-spacing: 2pt;"> </span>of<span style="letter-spacing: 1.9pt;"> </span>th<span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">e</span>m,<span style="letter-spacing: 2pt;"> </span>th<span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">e</span>n<span style="letter-spacing: 1.95pt;"> </span>the<span style="letter-spacing: 1.95pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.2pt;">s</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.25pt;">y</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">s</span>t<span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">e</span>m<span style="letter-spacing: 2pt;"> </span>mu<span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">s</span>t<span style="letter-spacing: 0.25pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">c</span>hoo<span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">s</span>e<span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">a</span>mo<span style="letter-spacing: 0.15pt;">n</span>g<span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;"> </span>th<span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">e</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">m</span>.<span style="letter-spacing: 0.25pt;"> </span>A<span style="letter-spacing: 0.2pt;"> </span>t<span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">im</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">e</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">-</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">s</span>h<span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">a</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">r</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">i</span>ng <span style="letter-spacing: 0.3pt;">s</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.25pt;">y</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">s</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">t</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">e</span>m<span style="letter-spacing: 0.25pt;"> </span>is<span style="letter-spacing: 0.2pt;"> </span>a<span style="letter-spacing: 0.15pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">m</span>u<span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">l</span>tip<span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">r</span>o<span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">g</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">r</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">a</span>mm<span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">i</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.15pt;">n</span>g<span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.3pt;">s</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.25pt;">y</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">s</span>t<span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">e</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">m</span>.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 26.2pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 41.45pt; margin-right: 22.7pt; margin-top: 2.25pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; mso-pagination: none; tab-stops: 405.0pt; text-autospace: none; text-indent: -33.85pt;"><b><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;">Q<span style="letter-spacing: 0.2pt;">.</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">6</span>.<span style="letter-spacing: 0.25pt;"> </span></span></b><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">W</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">r</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;">i<span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">t</span>e<span style="letter-spacing: 0.25pt;"> </span>do<span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">w</span>n<span style="letter-spacing: 0.35pt;"> </span>di<span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">ff</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">e</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">r</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">e</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.15pt;">n</span>t<span style="letter-spacing: 0.25pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">s</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.25pt;">y</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">s</span>t<span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">e</span>m<span style="letter-spacing: 0.25pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">ca</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">l</span>ls<span style="letter-spacing: 0.15pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">f</span>or<span style="letter-spacing: 0.15pt;"> p</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">e</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">rf</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.15pt;">o</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">r</span>m<span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">i</span>ng di<span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">ff</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.15pt;">e</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">r</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">e</span>nt<span style="letter-spacing: 0.25pt;"> </span>kinds<span style="letter-spacing: 0.5pt;"> </span>of<span style="letter-spacing: 0.25pt;"> </span>t<span style="letter-spacing: 0.15pt;">a</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">s</span>k<span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">s</span>.<span style="letter-spacing: -2.45pt;"> </span> <b><span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">(</span>4) <span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">A</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.15pt;">n</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">s</span>:</b><o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 9.85pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 41.45pt; margin-right: 9.35pt; margin-top: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;"><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; position: relative; top: -0.5pt;">A <span style="letter-spacing: 0.4pt;"> </span><b><span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">s</span>y<span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">s</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">t</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">e</span>m <span style="letter-spacing: 0.8pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">c</span>all <span style="letter-spacing: 0.95pt;"> </span></b><span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">i</span>s <span style="letter-spacing: 0.75pt;"> </span>a <span style="letter-spacing: 0.9pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">r</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">e</span>qu<span style="letter-spacing: 0.15pt;">e</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">s</span>t <span style="letter-spacing: 0.9pt;"> </span>m<span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">a</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">d</span>e <span style="letter-spacing: 1.05pt;"> </span>by <span style="letter-spacing: 0.95pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">a</span>ny <span style="letter-spacing: 0.85pt;"> </span>p<span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">r</span>o<span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">g</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">r</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">a</span>m <span style="letter-spacing: 0.95pt;"> </span>to <span style="letter-spacing: 1pt;"> </span>the <span style="letter-spacing: 1.05pt;"> </span>op<span style="letter-spacing: 0.15pt;">e</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.15pt;">r</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">a</span>t<span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">i</span>ng <span style="letter-spacing: 0.85pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">s</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">y</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">s</span>t<span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">e</span>m <span style="letter-spacing: 0.85pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">f</span>or</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;"><o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 102%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 41.45pt; margin-right: 9.1pt; margin-top: .3pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;"><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;">p<span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">e</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">r</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">f</span>o<span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">r</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">m</span>ing<span style="letter-spacing: 0.95pt;"> </span>t<span style="letter-spacing: 0.15pt;">a</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">s</span>ks<span style="letter-spacing: 0.95pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">-</span>-<span style="letter-spacing: 1pt;"> </span>pi<span style="letter-spacing: 0.15pt;">c</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">k</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">e</span>d<span style="letter-spacing: 1pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">f</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">r</span>om<span style="letter-spacing: 1pt;"> </span>a<span style="letter-spacing: 1.1pt;"> </span>p<span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">r</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">e</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">d</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">e</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">f</span>in<span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">e</span>d<span style="letter-spacing: 0.95pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">s</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">e</span>t<span style="letter-spacing: 1.05pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">-</span>-<span style="letter-spacing: 1pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">w</span>h<span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">i</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">c</span>h<span style="letter-spacing: 1.15pt;"> </span>t<span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">h</span>e<span style="letter-spacing: 1.2pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">s</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">a</span>id<span style="letter-spacing: 0.95pt;"> </span>p<span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">r</span>o<span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">g</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">r</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.15pt;">a</span>m<span style="letter-spacing: 1.05pt;"> </span>do<span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">e</span>s<span style="letter-spacing: 1.1pt;"> </span>not<span style="letter-spacing: 0.25pt;"> </span>h<span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">a</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">v</span>e <span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">r</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">e</span>qui<span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">r</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.15pt;">e</span>d<span style="letter-spacing: 2.45pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">p</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">e</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">r</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">m</span>i<span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">s</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">s</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">i</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">o</span>ns<span style="letter-spacing: 2.45pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">t</span>o<span style="letter-spacing: 2.45pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">e</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">x</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">e</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.15pt;">c</span>u<span style="letter-spacing: -0.15pt;">t</span>e <span style="letter-spacing: 0.15pt;"> </span>in <span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.15pt;">i</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">t</span>s o<span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">w</span>n <span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">fl</span>ow<span style="letter-spacing: 2.35pt;"> </span>of <span style="letter-spacing: 0.15pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">e</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">x</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">ec</span>utio<span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">n</span>. <span style="letter-spacing: 0.2pt;"> </span>S<span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">y</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">s</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">t</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">e</span>m <span style="letter-spacing: 0.15pt;">c</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">a</span>lls p<span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">r</span>o<span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">v</span>ide<span style="letter-spacing: 1.6pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">t</span>he <span style="letter-spacing: -0.9pt;"> </span>in<span style="letter-spacing: -0.15pt;">t</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.15pt;">e</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">rf</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">a</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">c</span>e<span style="letter-spacing: 1.75pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">b</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.15pt;">e</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.15pt;">t</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">wee</span>n<span style="letter-spacing: 1.55pt;"> </span>a<span style="letter-spacing: 1.7pt;"> </span>p<span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">r</span>o<span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">c</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">es</span>s<span style="letter-spacing: 1.5pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.15pt;">a</span>nd<span style="letter-spacing: 1.55pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">t</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">h</span>e<span style="letter-spacing: 1.55pt;"> </span>op<span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">e</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">r</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">a</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">t</span>ing<span style="letter-spacing: 1.65pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">s</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">y</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">s</span>t<span style="letter-spacing: 0.15pt;">e</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">m</span>.<span style="letter-spacing: 1.75pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">M</span>o<span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">s</span>t<span style="letter-spacing: 1.5pt;"> </span>op<span style="letter-spacing: 0.15pt;">e</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">r</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">a</span>t<span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">i</span>o<span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">n</span>s<span style="letter-spacing: 0.2pt;"> </span>in<span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">t</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">e</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">r</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">a</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.15pt;">c</span>ting<span style="letter-spacing: 0.85pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">w</span>i<span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">t</span>h<span style="letter-spacing: 1.15pt;"> </span>the<span style="letter-spacing: 1pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">s</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">y</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">s</span>t<span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">e</span>m<span style="letter-spacing: 1.2pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">r</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">e</span>qui<span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">r</span>e<span style="letter-spacing: 1.2pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">p</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">e</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">r</span>m<span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">i</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">s</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">s</span>ions<span style="letter-spacing: 1pt;"> </span>not<span style="letter-spacing: 1.2pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.15pt;">a</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">v</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">a</span>i<span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">l</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">a</span>b<span style="letter-spacing: -0.15pt;">l</span>e<span style="letter-spacing: 1.25pt;"> </span>to<span style="letter-spacing: 1pt;"> </span>a<span style="letter-spacing: 1.1pt;"> </span>u<span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">se</span>r<span style="letter-spacing: 1.05pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">l</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">ev</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">e</span>l<span style="letter-spacing: 1.15pt;"> </span>p<span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">r</span>o<span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">ce</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">ss</span>,<span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">e</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.2pt;">.</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">g</span>.<span style="letter-spacing: 0.3pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">I</span>/O<span style="letter-spacing: 0.2pt;"> </span>p<span style="letter-spacing: 0.15pt;">e</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">r</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">f</span>o<span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">r</span>m<span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">e</span>d<span style="letter-spacing: 0.35pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">w</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">i</span>th<span style="letter-spacing: 0.15pt;"> </span>a<span style="letter-spacing: 0.15pt;"> </span>d<span style="letter-spacing: 0.15pt;">e</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">v</span>i<span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">c</span>e<span style="letter-spacing: 0.4pt;"> </span>p<span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">r</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">ese</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">n</span>t<span style="letter-spacing: 0.35pt;"> </span>on<span style="letter-spacing: 0.35pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">t</span>he<span style="letter-spacing: 0.35pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">s</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">y</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">s</span>t<span style="letter-spacing: 0.15pt;">e</span>m<span style="letter-spacing: 0.25pt;"> </span>or<span style="letter-spacing: 0.35pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">a</span>ny<span style="letter-spacing: 0.25pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">f</span>o<span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">r</span>m<span style="letter-spacing: 0.2pt;"> </span>of<span style="letter-spacing: 0.5pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">c</span>o<span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">m</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">m</span>uni<span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">c</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.15pt;">a</span>tion<span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">w</span>ith<span style="letter-spacing: 0.25pt;"> </span>ot<span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">h</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">e</span>r<span style="letter-spacing: 0.25pt;"> </span>p<span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">r</span>o<span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">c</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.15pt;">e</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">s</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">se</span>s<span style="letter-spacing: 0.15pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">r</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">e</span>q<span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">u</span>i<span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">r</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.15pt;">e</span>s<span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;"> </span>the<span style="letter-spacing: 0.15pt;"> </span>u<span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">s</span>e<span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">o</span>f<span style="letter-spacing: 0.3pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">s</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">y</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">s</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">t</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">e</span>m<span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">ca</span>ll<span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">s</span>.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 41.45pt; margin-right: 191.8pt; margin-top: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;"><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">T</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;">he<span style="letter-spacing: 0.3pt;"> </span>m<span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">a</span>in<span style="letter-spacing: 0.3pt;"> </span>t<span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">y</span>p<span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">e</span>s<span style="letter-spacing: 0.25pt;"> </span>of<span style="letter-spacing: 0.25pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">s</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">y</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">s</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">t</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">e</span>m<span style="letter-spacing: 0.25pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">ca</span>lls<span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.15pt;">a</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">r</span>e<span style="letter-spacing: 0.15pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">a</span>s<span style="letter-spacing: 0.15pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">f</span>o<span style="letter-spacing: -0.15pt;">l</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">l</span>o<span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">w</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">s</span>:<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 102%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 41.45pt; margin-right: 9.25pt; margin-top: .3pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;"><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;">•<span style="letter-spacing: 1.55pt;"> </span><b><span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">P</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">r</span>o<span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">c</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.15pt;">e</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">s</span>s<span style="letter-spacing: 1.85pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">C</span>on<span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">t</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">r</span>ol</b>:<span style="letter-spacing: 1.95pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">T</span>h<span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">e</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">s</span>e<span style="letter-spacing: 1.8pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">t</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">y</span>p<span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">e</span>s<span style="letter-spacing: 1.8pt;"> </span>of<span style="letter-spacing: 2.05pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">s</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">y</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">s</span>t<span style="letter-spacing: 0.15pt;">e</span>m<span style="letter-spacing: 1.8pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.15pt;">c</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">a</span>l<span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">l</span>s<span style="letter-spacing: 1.7pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">a</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">r</span>e<span style="letter-spacing: 1.95pt;"> </span>u<span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">se</span>d<span style="letter-spacing: 1.8pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">t</span>o<span style="letter-spacing: 1.75pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.15pt;">c</span>ont<span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">r</span>ol<span style="letter-spacing: 1.9pt;"> </span>the<span style="letter-spacing: 1.95pt;"> </span>p<span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">r</span>o<span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">cess</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">e</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">s</span>.<span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;"> </span>Some<span style="letter-spacing: 0.15pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">e</span>x<span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">a</span>mpl<span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">e</span>s<span style="letter-spacing: 0.15pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">a</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">r</span>e<span style="letter-spacing: 0.15pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">e</span>n<span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">d</span>,<span style="letter-spacing: 0.2pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.15pt;">a</span>bo<span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">r</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.15pt;">t</span>,<span style="letter-spacing: 0.3pt;"> </span>lo<span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">a</span>d,<span style="letter-spacing: 0.25pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">e</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">x</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">ec</span>ut<span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">e</span>,<span style="letter-spacing: 0.2pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.15pt;">c</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">r</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">ea</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">t</span>e<span style="letter-spacing: 0.15pt;"> </span>p<span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">r</span>o<span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">ces</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.2pt;">s</span>,<span style="letter-spacing: 0.3pt;"> </span>t<span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">e</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">r</span>m<span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">i</span>n<span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">a</span>te<span style="letter-spacing: 0.2pt;"> </span>p<span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">r</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">o</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.15pt;">c</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">es</span>s<span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;"> e</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.15pt;">t</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">c</span>.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 102%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 41.45pt; margin-right: 9.2pt; margin-top: .1pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;"><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;">•<span style="letter-spacing: 1.55pt;"> </span><b><span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">F</span>ile<span style="letter-spacing: 2.05pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">M</span>anag<span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">e</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.15pt;">m</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.15pt;">e</span>n<span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">t</span></b>:<span style="letter-spacing: 2.1pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">T</span>h<span style="letter-spacing: 0.15pt;">e</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">s</span>e<span style="letter-spacing: 2.05pt;"> </span>typ<span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">e</span>s<span style="letter-spacing: 2.1pt;"> </span>of<span style="letter-spacing: 2.05pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">s</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">y</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">s</span>t<span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">e</span>m<span style="letter-spacing: 2pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">c</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">a</span>lls<span style="letter-spacing: 1.95pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.15pt;">a</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">r</span>e<span style="letter-spacing: 2.05pt;"> </span>u<span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">s</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">e</span>d<span style="letter-spacing: 2.05pt;"> </span>to<span style="letter-spacing: 2.1pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">m</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">a</span>n<span style="letter-spacing: 0.15pt;">a</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">g</span>e<span style="letter-spacing: 1.85pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">fi</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.15pt;">l</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">e</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">s</span>.<span style="letter-spacing: 2.05pt;"> </span>Some<span style="letter-spacing: 0.45pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">e</span>x<span style="letter-spacing: 0.15pt;">a</span>m<span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">p</span>l<span style="letter-spacing: 0.15pt;">e</span>s<span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">a</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">r</span>e<span style="letter-spacing: 0.15pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">C</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">r</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">ea</span>te<span style="letter-spacing: 0.2pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">f</span>il<span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">e</span>,<span style="letter-spacing: 0.15pt;"> </span>d<span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">e</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">l</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">e</span>te<span style="letter-spacing: 0.15pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">f</span>il<span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">e</span>,<span style="letter-spacing: 0.25pt;"> </span>o<span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">p</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">e</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">n</span>,<span style="letter-spacing: 0.3pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.15pt;">c</span>lo<span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">s</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">e</span>,<span style="letter-spacing: 0.3pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.15pt;">r</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">e</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.15pt;">a</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">d</span>,<span style="letter-spacing: 0.25pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">w</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">r</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">i</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.15pt;">t</span>e<span style="letter-spacing: 0.3pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">e</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">t</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">c</span>.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 102%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 41.45pt; margin-right: 9.1pt; margin-top: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;"><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;">•<span style="letter-spacing: 1.8pt;"> </span><b><span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">De</span>v<span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">i</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">c</span>e<span style="letter-spacing: 2.25pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.15pt;">M</span>a<span style="letter-spacing: -0.15pt;">n</span>ag<span style="letter-spacing: 0.15pt;">e</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.15pt;">m</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">e</span>n<span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">t</span></b>:<span style="letter-spacing: 2.35pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">T</span>h<span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">es</span>e<span style="letter-spacing: 2.2pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">t</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">y</span>p<span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">e</span>s<span style="letter-spacing: 2.15pt;"> </span>of<span style="letter-spacing: 2.3pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">s</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">y</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">s</span>t<span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">e</span>m<span style="letter-spacing: 2.15pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">c</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.15pt;">a</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.15pt;">l</span>ls<span style="letter-spacing: 2.2pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.15pt;">a</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">r</span>e<span style="letter-spacing: 2.2pt;"> </span>u<span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">s</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">e</span>d<span style="letter-spacing: 2.25pt;"> </span>to<span style="letter-spacing: 2.2pt;"> </span>m<span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">a</span>n<span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">ag</span>e<span style="letter-spacing: 2.35pt;"> </span>d<span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">e</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">v</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">i</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">ce</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">s</span>.<span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;"> </span>Some<span style="letter-spacing: 1.15pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.15pt;">e</span>x<span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">a</span>mpl<span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">e</span>s<span style="letter-spacing: 1.25pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">a</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">r</span>e<span style="letter-spacing: 1.25pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">R</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">e</span>qu<span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">e</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">s</span>t<span style="letter-spacing: 1.35pt;"> </span>d<span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">e</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">v</span>i<span style="letter-spacing: 0.15pt;">c</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">e</span>,<span style="letter-spacing: 1.25pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">r</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">e</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.15pt;">l</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">eas</span>e<span style="letter-spacing: 1.2pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">d</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">e</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">v</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">i</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">c</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">e</span>,<span style="letter-spacing: 1.4pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">r</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">e</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">a</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">d</span>,<span style="letter-spacing: 1.35pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">w</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">r</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">i</span>t<span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">e</span>,<span style="letter-spacing: 1.45pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">g</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">e</span>t<span style="letter-spacing: 1.2pt;"> </span>d<span style="letter-spacing: 0.15pt;">e</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">v</span>i<span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">c</span>e<span style="letter-spacing: 1.35pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">a</span>t<span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">t</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">r</span>ibu<span style="letter-spacing: -0.15pt;">t</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.15pt;">e</span>s<span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">e</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">t</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">c</span>.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 26.2pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 49.95pt; margin-right: 22.7pt; margin-top: 2.4pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; mso-pagination: none; tab-stops: 405.0pt; text-autospace: none; text-indent: -42.35pt;"><b><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;">Q<span style="letter-spacing: 0.2pt;">.</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">7</span>. <span style="letter-spacing: 0.5pt;"> </span></span></b><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">D</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">i</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">ff</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">e</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">r</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">e</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;">nti<span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">a</span>te<span style="letter-spacing: 0.2pt;"> </span>b<span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">e</span>t<span style="letter-spacing: 0.15pt;">w</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">e</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">e</span>n<span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;"> </span>p<span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">r</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.15pt;">e</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">-</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">e</span>mp<span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">t</span>ive<span style="letter-spacing: 0.15pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">a</span>nd<span style="letter-spacing: 0.25pt;"> </span>no<span style="letter-spacing: 0.15pt;">n</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">-</span>p<span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">r</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">e</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">-</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">e</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">m</span>ptive<span style="letter-spacing: 0.25pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">s</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">c</span>h<span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">e</span>duli<span style="letter-spacing: 0.15pt;">n</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">g</span>.<span style="letter-spacing: -2.4pt;"> </span> <b><span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">(</span>4) <span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">A</span>n<span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">s</span>: </b></span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: 13px;"><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; letter-spacing: -0.15pt; position: relative; top: -0.5pt;">I</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; position: relative; top: -0.5pt;">n<span style="letter-spacing: 0.2pt;"> </span>a<span style="letter-spacing: 0.25pt;"> </span><b><span style="letter-spacing: -0.15pt;">p</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.15pt;">r</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">e</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">-</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">e</span>mp<span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">t</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">i</span>ve<span style="letter-spacing: 0.25pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">sc</span>h<span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">e</span>d<span style="letter-spacing: -0.15pt;">u</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">l</span>ing<span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;"> </span></b><span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">a</span>pp<span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">r</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.15pt;">o</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">ac</span>h,<span style="letter-spacing: 0.3pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">C</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">P</span>U<span style="letter-spacing: 0.2pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">c</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">a</span>n<span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;"> </span>be<span style="letter-spacing: 0.25pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">t</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">a</span>k<span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">e</span>n<span style="letter-spacing: 0.3pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">a</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">w</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.15pt;">a</span>y <span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">f</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">r</span>om<span style="letter-spacing: 0.2pt;"> </span>a<span style="letter-spacing: 0.15pt;"> </span>p<span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">r</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.15pt;">o</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">c</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">e</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">s</span>s<span style="letter-spacing: 0.3pt;"> </span>if</span></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 102%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 49.95pt; margin-right: 21.35pt; margin-top: .4pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;"><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;">th<span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">e</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">r</span>e<span style="letter-spacing: 1.4pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">i</span>s<span style="letter-spacing: 1.3pt;"> </span>a<span style="letter-spacing: 1.45pt;"> </span>n<span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">e</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">e</span>d<span style="letter-spacing: 0.35pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">w</span>h<span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">i</span>le<span style="letter-spacing: 1.4pt;"> </span>in<span style="letter-spacing: 1.35pt;"> </span>a<span style="letter-spacing: 1.35pt;"> </span>non<span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">-</span>p<span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">r</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">e</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">-</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">e</span>mp<span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">t</span>ive<span style="letter-spacing: 1.65pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">a</span>pp<span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">r</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.15pt;">o</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">ac</span>h<span style="letter-spacing: 0.25pt;"> </span>if<span style="letter-spacing: 1.4pt;"> </span>o<span style="letter-spacing: 0.15pt;">n</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">c</span>e<span style="letter-spacing: 1.45pt;"> </span>a<span style="letter-spacing: 1.45pt;"> </span>p<span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">r</span>o<span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">c</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">e</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">s</span>s<span style="letter-spacing: 1.35pt;"> </span>h<span style="letter-spacing: 0.15pt;">a</span>s<span style="letter-spacing: 1.35pt;"> </span>b<span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">e</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">e</span>n<span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">g</span>iv<span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">e</span>n <span style="letter-spacing: -0.45pt;"> </span>the <span style="letter-spacing: -0.55pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">C</span>P<span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">U</span>,<span style="letter-spacing: 2.15pt;"> </span>the<span style="letter-spacing: 2.2pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">C</span>PU<span style="letter-spacing: 2.1pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">ca</span>nnot<span style="letter-spacing: 2.15pt;"> </span>be<span style="letter-spacing: 2.15pt;"> </span>t<span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">a</span>k<span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">e</span>n<span style="letter-spacing: 2pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">a</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">wa</span>y<span style="letter-spacing: 2.05pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">fr</span>om<span style="letter-spacing: 2.1pt;"> </span>th<span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">a</span>t<span style="letter-spacing: 2.2pt;"> </span>p<span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">r</span>o<span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">c</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">e</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">s</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">s</span>,<span style="letter-spacing: 2.1pt;"> </span>un<span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">l</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">e</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">s</span>s<span style="letter-spacing: 2.2pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">t</span>he<span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;"> </span>p<span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">r</span>o<span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">ce</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">s</span>s<span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">c</span>o<span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">m</span>pl<span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">e</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">t</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">e</span>s<span style="letter-spacing: 0.15pt;"> o</span>r<span style="letter-spacing: 0.2pt;"> </span>l<span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">e</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.15pt;">a</span>v<span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">e</span>s<span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;"> t</span>he <span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">C</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">P</span>U<span style="letter-spacing: 0.2pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">f</span>or<span style="letter-spacing: 0.15pt;"> </span>p<span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">e</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">r</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">f</span>o<span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">r</span>m<span style="letter-spacing: 0.25pt;">i</span>ng <span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">a</span>n<span style="letter-spacing: 0.35pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.15pt;">I</span>nput<span style="letter-spacing: 0.15pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">O</span>utput.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 10.0pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;"><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 10pt;"><o:p> </o:p></span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; line-height: 16px;">P<span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">r</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">e</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">-</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">e</span>mp<span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">t</span>ive<span style="letter-spacing: 1.8pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">s</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">c</span>h<span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">e</span>dul<span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">i</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.15pt;">n</span>g<span style="letter-spacing: 1.8pt;"> </span>is<span style="letter-spacing: 2pt;"> </span>mo<span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">r</span>e<span style="letter-spacing: 1.95pt;"> </span>u<span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">s</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">e</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">f</span>ul<span style="letter-spacing: 1.9pt;"> </span>in<span style="letter-spacing: 1.85pt;"> </span>h<span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">i</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">g</span>h<span style="letter-spacing: 1.8pt;"> </span>p<span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">r</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">i</span>o<span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">r</span>i<span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">t</span>y<span style="letter-spacing: 1.65pt;"> </span>p<span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">r</span>o<span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">ce</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">s</span>s<span style="letter-spacing: 1.85pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">w</span>hi<span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">c</span>h<span style="letter-spacing: 1.85pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">r</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">e</span>qu<span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">i</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">r</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">e</span>s imm<span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">e</span>di<span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">a</span>te<span style="letter-spacing: 1.15pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">r</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">e</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">s</span>pon<span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">s</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">e</span>,<span style="letter-spacing: 1.2pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">f</span>or<span style="letter-spacing: 1.25pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">e</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.15pt;">x</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">a</span>mp<span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">l</span>e<span style="letter-spacing: 1.25pt;"> </span>in<span style="letter-spacing: 1.35pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">r</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">e</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">a</span>l<span style="letter-spacing: 1.25pt;"> </span>t<span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">i</span>me<span style="letter-spacing: 1.2pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.2pt;">s</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.25pt;">y</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.2pt;">s</span>t<span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">e</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">m</span>.<span style="letter-spacing: 1.25pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">W</span>h<span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">i</span>le<span style="letter-spacing: 1.35pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">i</span>n<span style="letter-spacing: 1.15pt;"> </span><b>nonp<span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">ree</span>m<span style="letter-spacing: -0.15pt;">p</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">t</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">i</span>ve <span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">s</span>y<span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">s</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">t</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">e</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.15pt;">m</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">s</span>,<span style="letter-spacing: 1.3pt;"> </span></b><span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">j</span>obs<span style="letter-spacing: 1.2pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">a</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">r</span>e<span style="letter-spacing: 1.25pt;"> </span>m<span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">a</span>de<span style="letter-spacing: 1.3pt;"> </span>to<span style="letter-spacing: 1.35pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">w</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">a</span>it<span style="letter-spacing: 1.45pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.15pt;">b</span>y<span style="letter-spacing: 0.95pt;"> </span>lo<span style="letter-spacing: 0.15pt;">n</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">ge</span>r<span style="letter-spacing: 1.35pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">j</span>ob<span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">s</span>,<span style="letter-spacing: 1.35pt;"> </span>but<span style="letter-spacing: 1.45pt;"> </span>t<span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">r</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">e</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">a</span>t<span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">m</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">e</span>nt<span style="letter-spacing: 1.25pt;"> </span>of<span style="letter-spacing: 1.35pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">a</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">l</span>l<span style="letter-spacing: 1.3pt;"> </span>p<span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">r</span>o<span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">c</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">e</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">s</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">s</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">e</span>s<span style="letter-spacing: 1.35pt;"> </span>is<span style="letter-spacing: 0.15pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">f</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">a</span>i<span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">r</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">e</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">r</span>.</span></div></div><div class="WordSection9"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 12.0pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: .95pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 102%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 49.95pt; margin-right: 26.4pt; margin-top: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; tab-stops: 49.0pt 319.0pt; text-autospace: none; text-indent: -42.35pt;"><b><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;">Q<span style="letter-spacing: 0.2pt;">.</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">8</span>.<span style="letter-spacing: -2.35pt;"> </span> </span></b><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">C</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;">PU<span style="letter-spacing: 0.2pt;"> </span>bu<span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">r</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">s</span>t<span style="letter-spacing: 0.3pt;"> </span>ti<span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">m</span>e<span style="letter-spacing: 0.15pt;"> </span>indi<span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">c</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">a</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.15pt;">t</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">e</span>s<span style="letter-spacing: 0.35pt;"> </span>the<span style="letter-spacing: 0.3pt;"> </span>t<span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">i</span>m<span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">e</span>,<span style="letter-spacing: 0.15pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">t</span>he<span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;"> </span>p<span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">r</span>o<span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">c</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">e</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">s</span>s<span style="letter-spacing: 0.15pt;"> </span>n<span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">e</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">e</span>ds<span style="letter-spacing: 0.15pt;"> </span>the<span style="letter-spacing: 0.3pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">C</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">P</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">U</span>.<span style="letter-spacing: 0.25pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">T</span>he<span style="letter-spacing: 0.15pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">f</span>oll<span style="letter-spacing: 0.15pt;">o</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">w</span>ing<span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;"> a</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">r</span>e<span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;"> t</span>he<span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">s</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">e</span>t<span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;"> </span>of<span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;"> </span>p<span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">r</span>o<span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">c</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.15pt;">e</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">s</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">s</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">e</span>s<span style="letter-spacing: 0.3pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">w</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">i</span>th<span style="letter-spacing: 0.15pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">t</span>h<span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">e</span>ir<span style="letter-spacing: 0.15pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">r</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">e</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">s</span>p<span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">ec</span>tive<span style="letter-spacing: 0.2pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">C</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">P</span>U<span style="letter-spacing: 0.2pt;"> </span>bu<span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">rs</span>t<span style="letter-spacing: 0.3pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">t</span>ime<span style="letter-spacing: -2.45pt;"> </span> <span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">(</span>in<span style="letter-spacing: 0.2pt;"> </span>mill<span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">i</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">s</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">e</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">c</span>ond<span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">s</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">)</span>.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 61.25pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: .1pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; tab-stops: 223.0pt; text-autospace: none;"><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;">P<span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">r</span>o<span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">c</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">e</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">s</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">s</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">e</span>s<span style="letter-spacing: -2.4pt;"> </span> <span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">C</span>P<span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">U</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">-</span>bu<span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">rs</span>t<span style="letter-spacing: 0.25pt;"> </span>t<span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">i</span>me<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 64.1pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: .6pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; tab-stops: 187.0pt; text-autospace: none;"><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13pt; letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">P</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13pt;">1 <span style="letter-spacing: 0.15pt;">1</span>0<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 64.1pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 1.1pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; tab-stops: 193.0pt; text-autospace: none;"><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13pt; letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">P</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13pt;">2 5<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 64.1pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 1.1pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; tab-stops: 193.0pt; text-autospace: none;"><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13pt; letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">P</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13pt;">3 5<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 102%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 61.85pt; margin-right: 21.45pt; margin-top: .7pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;"><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">C</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">a</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">l</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">c</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;">ul<span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">a</span>te <span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;"> </span>the <span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;"> a</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.15pt;">v</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">e</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">r</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">a</span>ge <span style="letter-spacing: 0.15pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">w</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">a</span>i<span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">t</span>ing<span style="letter-spacing: 2.45pt;"> </span>t<span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">i</span>me<span style="letter-spacing: 2.35pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">i</span>f<span style="letter-spacing: 2.4pt;"> </span>the <span style="letter-spacing: 0.2pt;"> </span>p<span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">r</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.15pt;">o</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">ce</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">s</span>s <span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">a</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">r</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">r</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">i</span>v<span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">e</span>d<span style="letter-spacing: 2.5pt;"> </span>in <span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">t</span>he<span style="letter-spacing: 2.35pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">f</span>o<span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">ll</span>o<span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">w</span>ing<span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;"> </span>o<span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">r</span>d<span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">e</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">r</span>:<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 52.7pt; margin-right: 22.9pt; margin-top: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; tab-stops: 215.0pt 405.0pt; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;"><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">(</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;">i)<span style="letter-spacing: 0.15pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">P</span>1,<span style="letter-spacing: 0.2pt;"> </span>P2<span style="letter-spacing: 0.35pt;"> </span>&<span style="letter-spacing: 0.15pt;"> </span>P3<span style="letter-spacing: -2.3pt;"> </span> <span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">(</span>ii)<span style="letter-spacing: 0.15pt;"> </span>P2,<span style="letter-spacing: 0.35pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">P</span>3<span style="letter-spacing: 0.25pt;"> </span>&<span style="letter-spacing: 0.15pt;"> </span>P1<span style="letter-spacing: -2.3pt;"> </span> <b><span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">(</span>6)</b><o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 13.0pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: .5pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 52.7pt; margin-right: 366.1pt; margin-top: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;"><b><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">A</span></b><b><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; letter-spacing: -0.15pt;">n</span></b><b><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">s</span></b><b><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;">:</span></b><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;"><o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 52.7pt; margin-right: 252.5pt; margin-top: .2pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;"><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">C</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;">on<span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">s</span>id<span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">e</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">r</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">i</span>ng<span style="letter-spacing: 0.15pt;"> </span>F<span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">C</span>FS<span style="letter-spacing: 0.2pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">s</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">c</span>h<span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">e</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.15pt;">d</span>ul<span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">i</span>ng<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 52.7pt; margin-right: 183.35pt; margin-top: .3pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; tab-stops: 206.0pt; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;"><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">P</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">r</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;">o<span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">ce</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">s</span>s<span style="letter-spacing: -2.4pt;"> </span> <span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">B</span>u<span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">r</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">s</span>t<span style="letter-spacing: 0.25pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">T</span>i<span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">m</span>e<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 52.7pt; margin-right: 203.45pt; margin-top: .3pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; tab-stops: 226.0pt; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;"><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">P</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; position: relative; top: 1.5pt;">1<span style="letter-spacing: -2.4pt;"> </span> </span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;">10</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;"><o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 52.7pt; margin-right: 204.9pt; margin-top: .25pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; tab-stops: 230.0pt; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;"><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">P</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; position: relative; top: 1.5pt;">2<span style="letter-spacing: -2.4pt;"> </span> </span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;">5</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;"><o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 52.7pt; margin-right: 203.35pt; margin-top: .1pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; tab-stops: 232.0pt; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;"><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">P</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; position: relative; top: 1.5pt;">3<span style="letter-spacing: -2.4pt;"> </span> </span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;">5</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;"><o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 69.65pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: .25pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;"><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">(</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;">i)<span style="letter-spacing: 0.15pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">S</span>uppo<span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">s</span>e<span style="letter-spacing: 0.15pt;"> </span>th<span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">a</span>t<span style="letter-spacing: 0.25pt;"> </span>the<span style="letter-spacing: 0.3pt;"> </span>p<span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">r</span>o<span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">ce</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">ss</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">e</span>s<span style="letter-spacing: 0.3pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">a</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">rr</span>ive<span style="letter-spacing: 0.15pt;"> </span>in<span style="letter-spacing: 0.3pt;"> </span>the<span style="letter-spacing: 0.3pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.15pt;">o</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">r</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.15pt;">d</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">e</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">r</span>:<span style="letter-spacing: 0.2pt;"> </span><i><span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">P</span><span style="position: relative; top: 1.5pt;">1<span style="letter-spacing: 0.25pt;"> </span></span></i>,<span style="letter-spacing: 0.15pt;"> </span><i><span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">P</span><span style="position: relative; top: 1.5pt;">2<span style="letter-spacing: 0.25pt;"> </span></span></i>,<span style="letter-spacing: 0.15pt;"> </span><i><span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">P</span><span style="position: relative; top: 1.5pt;">3</span></i><o:p></o:p></span></div><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 76.3pt; margin-right: 2.8in; margin-top: .25pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: center; text-autospace: none;"><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">T</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;">he<span style="letter-spacing: 0.2pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">G</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">a</span>ntt<span style="letter-spacing: 0.25pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">C</span>h<span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">a</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">r</span>t<span style="letter-spacing: 0.25pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">f</span>or<span style="letter-spacing: 0.15pt;"> </span>the<span style="letter-spacing: 0.3pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">s</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">c</span>h<span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">e</span>dule<span style="letter-spacing: 0.15pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">i</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">s</span>:<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 10.0pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: .95pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;"><br />
</div><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="MsoNormalTable" style="border-collapse: collapse; margin-left: 53.85pt; mso-padding-alt: 0in 0in 0in 0in; mso-table-layout-alt: fixed;"><tbody>
<tr style="height: 27.5pt; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-yfti-firstrow: yes; mso-yfti-irow: 0;"> <td style="border: solid #650065 1.0pt; height: 27.5pt; mso-border-alt: solid #650065 .75pt; mso-height-rule: exactly; padding: 0in 0in 0in 0in; width: 143.65pt;" valign="top" width="192"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 6.5pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: .1pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 87.5pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;"><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 10pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">P</span><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 6.5pt; position: relative; top: 1.5pt;">1</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> <td style="border-left: none; border: solid #650065 1.0pt; height: 27.5pt; mso-border-alt: solid #650065 .75pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid #650065 .75pt; mso-height-rule: exactly; padding: 0in 0in 0in 0in; width: 81.95pt;" valign="top" width="109"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 8.0pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: .35pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;"><br />
</div><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 39.7pt; margin-right: 28.4pt; margin-top: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: center; text-autospace: none;"><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 9pt; letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">P</span><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 6pt; position: relative; top: 1.5pt;">2</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> <td style="border-left: none; border: solid #650065 1.0pt; height: 27.5pt; mso-border-alt: solid #650065 .75pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid #650065 .75pt; mso-height-rule: exactly; padding: 0in 0in 0in 0in; width: 88.95pt;" valign="top" width="119"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 8.0pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: .35pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 27.85pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;"><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 9pt;">P</span><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 6pt; position: relative; top: 1.5pt;">3</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
<tr style="height: 8.5pt; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-yfti-irow: 1; mso-yfti-lastrow: yes;"> <td style="border-bottom: none; border-left: solid #650065 1.0pt; border-right: solid #650065 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 8.5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid #650065 .75pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid #650065 .75pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid #650065 .75pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid #650065 .75pt; mso-height-rule: exactly; padding: 0in 0in 0in 0in; width: 143.65pt;" valign="top" width="192"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;"><br />
</div></td> <td style="border-right: solid #650065 1.0pt; border: none; height: 8.5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid #650065 .75pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid #650065 .75pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid #650065 .75pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid #650065 .75pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid #650065 .75pt; mso-height-rule: exactly; padding: 0in 0in 0in 0in; width: 81.95pt;" valign="top" width="109"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;"><br />
</div></td> <td style="border-right: solid #650065 1.0pt; border: none; height: 8.5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid #650065 .75pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid #650065 .75pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid #650065 .75pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid #650065 .75pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid #650065 .75pt; mso-height-rule: exactly; padding: 0in 0in 0in 0in; width: 88.95pt;" valign="top" width="119"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;"><br />
</div></td> </tr>
</tbody></table><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 10.25pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 53.8pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 2.05pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; mso-pagination: none; tab-stops: 2.75in 280.0pt 355.0pt; text-autospace: none;"><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 9pt;">0<span style="letter-spacing: -2.35pt;"> </span> <span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt; position: relative; top: 2pt;">1</span><span style="position: relative; top: 2pt;">0<span style="letter-spacing: -2.6pt;"> </span> <span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">1</span>5<span style="letter-spacing: -2.6pt;"> </span> <span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">2</span>0</span><o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 13.0pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: .7pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 58.35pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 1.4pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;"><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">Wa</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;">it<span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">i</span>ng<span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;"> t</span>ime<span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">f</span>or<span style="letter-spacing: 0.15pt;"> </span><i><span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">P</span><span style="position: relative; top: 1.5pt;">1 <span style="letter-spacing: 0.25pt;"> </span></span></i>=<span style="letter-spacing: 0.25pt;"> </span>0;<span style="letter-spacing: 0.25pt;"> </span><i><span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">P</span><span style="position: relative; top: 1.5pt;">2 <span style="letter-spacing: 0.25pt;"> </span></span></i>=<span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;"> </span>10;<span style="letter-spacing: 0.35pt;"> </span><i><span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">P</span><span style="position: relative; top: 1.5pt;">3<span style="letter-spacing: 0.35pt;"> </span></span></i>=<span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;"> </span>15<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 58.35pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: .25pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;"><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">A</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;">v<span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">e</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">r</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">a</span>ge<span style="letter-spacing: 0.2pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">w</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">a</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">i</span>ti<span style="letter-spacing: 0.15pt;">n</span>g<span style="letter-spacing: 0.15pt;"> </span>ti<span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">m</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">e</span>: <span style="letter-spacing: 0.25pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">(</span>0<span style="letter-spacing: 0.2pt;"> </span>+<span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;"> </span>10<span style="letter-spacing: 0.35pt;"> </span>+<span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;"> </span>15<span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">)</span>/3<span style="letter-spacing: 0.35pt;"> </span>=<span style="letter-spacing: 0.25pt;"> </span>8<span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">.</span>33<span style="letter-spacing: 0.25pt;"> </span>u<span style="letter-spacing: 0.15pt;">n</span>it<span style="letter-spacing: 0.2pt;"> </span>of<span style="letter-spacing: 0.15pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">t</span>ime<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 13.0pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: .15pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 103%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 55.6pt; margin-right: 107.05pt; margin-top: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;"><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">(</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;">ii<span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">)</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">S</span>uppo<span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">s</span>e <span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">t</span>h<span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">a</span>t<span style="letter-spacing: 0.15pt;"> </span>the<span style="letter-spacing: 0.3pt;"> </span>p<span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">r</span>o<span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">ce</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">s</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">s</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">e</span>s<span style="letter-spacing: 0.3pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">a</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">r</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">r</span>ive<span style="letter-spacing: 0.15pt;"> </span>in<span style="letter-spacing: 0.3pt;"> </span>the<span style="letter-spacing: 0.3pt;"> </span>o<span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">r</span>d<span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">e</span>r<span style="letter-spacing: 0.3pt;"> </span><i><span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">P</span><span style="position: relative; top: 1.5pt;">2</span></i>,<span style="letter-spacing: 0.2pt;"> </span><i><span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">P</span><span style="position: relative; top: 1.5pt;">3<span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;"> </span></span></i>,<span style="letter-spacing: 0.15pt;"> </span><i><span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">P</span><span style="position: relative; top: 1.5pt;">1<span style="letter-spacing: 0.25pt;"> </span></span></i>.<span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">T</span>he<span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">G</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">a</span>ntt<span style="letter-spacing: 0.25pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">c</span>h<span style="letter-spacing: 0.15pt;">a</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">r</span>t<span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">f</span>or<span style="letter-spacing: 0.15pt;"> </span>the<span style="letter-spacing: 0.3pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.2pt;">s</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">c</span>h<span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">e</span>du<span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">l</span>e<span style="letter-spacing: 0.15pt;"> </span>i<span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">s</span>:<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 10.0pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 10.0pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 10.0pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 10.0pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 12.0pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: .8pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 10.55pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 53.8pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: .05in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; mso-pagination: none; tab-stops: 111.0pt 164.0pt 305.0pt; text-autospace: none;"><span style="position: relative; z-index: -9;"><span style="height: 58px; left: 186px; position: absolute; top: -48px; width: 349px;"> </span></span></div><table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0"><tbody>
<tr> <td height="58" style="vertical-align: top;" width="349"><span style="left: 0pt; position: absolute; z-index: -9;"> </span><br />
<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0"><tbody>
<tr> <td><div class="shape" style="padding: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0pt;" v:shape="_x0000_s1104"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="MsoNormalTable" style="border-collapse: collapse; margin-left: .3pt; mso-padding-alt: 0in 0in 0in 0in; mso-table-layout-alt: fixed;"><tbody>
<tr style="height: .4in; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-yfti-firstrow: yes; mso-yfti-irow: 0;"> <td style="border: solid #650065 1.0pt; height: .4in; mso-border-alt: solid #650065 .75pt; mso-height-rule: exactly; padding: 0in 0in 0in 0in; width: 59.5pt;" valign="top" width="79"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 6.5pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: .3pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;"><br />
</div><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 22.7pt; margin-right: 22.9pt; margin-top: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: center; text-autospace: none;"><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 9pt;">P</span><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 6pt; position: relative; top: 1.5pt;">2</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> <td style="border-left: none; border: solid #650065 1.0pt; height: .4in; mso-border-alt: solid #650065 .75pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid #650065 .75pt; mso-height-rule: exactly; padding: 0in 0in 0in 0in; width: 52.8pt;" valign="top" width="70"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 6.5pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: .3pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;"><br />
</div><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 15.95pt; margin-right: 22.9pt; margin-top: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: center; text-autospace: none;"><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 9pt;">P</span><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 6pt; position: relative; top: 1.5pt;">3</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> <td style="border-left: none; border: solid #650065 1.0pt; height: .4in; mso-border-alt: solid #650065 .75pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid #650065 .75pt; mso-height-rule: exactly; padding: 0in 0in 0in 0in; width: 145.35pt;" valign="top" width="194"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 6.5pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: .3pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;"><br />
</div><div align="right" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 33.6pt; margin-top: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: right; text-autospace: none;"><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 9pt; letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">P</span><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 6pt; position: relative; top: 1.5pt;">1</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
<tr style="height: 9.0pt; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-yfti-irow: 1; mso-yfti-lastrow: yes;"> <td style="border-bottom: none; border-left: solid #650065 1.0pt; border-right: solid #650065 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 9.0pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid #650065 .75pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid #650065 .75pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid #650065 .75pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid #650065 .75pt; mso-height-rule: exactly; padding: 0in 0in 0in 0in; width: 59.5pt;" valign="top" width="79"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;"><br />
</div></td> <td style="border-right: solid #650065 1.0pt; border: none; height: 9.0pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid #650065 .75pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid #650065 .75pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid #650065 .75pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid #650065 .75pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid #650065 .75pt; mso-height-rule: exactly; padding: 0in 0in 0in 0in; width: 52.8pt;" valign="top" width="70"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;"><br />
</div></td> <td style="border-right: solid #650065 1.0pt; border: none; height: 9.0pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid #650065 .75pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid #650065 .75pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid #650065 .75pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid #650065 .75pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid #650065 .75pt; mso-height-rule: exactly; padding: 0in 0in 0in 0in; width: 145.35pt;" valign="top" width="194"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;"><br />
</div></td> </tr>
</tbody></table><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;"><br />
</div></div></td> </tr>
</tbody></table> </td> </tr>
</tbody></table><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 9pt;">0<span style="letter-spacing: -2.35pt;"> </span> </span><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 8.5pt; position: relative; top: -0.5pt;">5 </span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 9pt; letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">1</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 9pt;">0<span style="letter-spacing: -2.35pt;"> </span> </span><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 9pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt; position: relative; top: 2pt;">2</span><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 9pt; position: relative; top: 2pt;">0</span><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 9pt;"><o:p></o:p></span><br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 9.0pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: .15pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 61.25pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 1.4pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;"><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">W</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">a</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">i</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;">ting<span style="letter-spacing: 0.2pt;"> </span>ti<span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">m</span>e<span style="letter-spacing: 0.15pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">f</span>or<span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;"> </span><i><span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">P</span><span style="position: relative; top: 1.5pt;">1<span style="letter-spacing: 0.35pt;"> </span></span>=<span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;"> </span></i>10<i>;<span style="letter-spacing: 0.4pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">P</span><span style="position: relative; top: 1.5pt;">2<span style="letter-spacing: 0.25pt;"> </span></span></i>=<span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;"> </span>0<i><span style="position: relative; top: 1.5pt;">;<span style="letter-spacing: 0.2pt;"> </span></span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">P</span><span style="position: relative; top: 1.5pt;">3<span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;"> </span></span>=<span style="letter-spacing: 0.25pt;"> </span></i>5<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 64.0pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: .35pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;"><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">A</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;">v<span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">e</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">r</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">a</span>ge<span style="letter-spacing: 0.2pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">w</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">a</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">i</span>ti<span style="letter-spacing: 0.15pt;">n</span>g<span style="letter-spacing: 0.15pt;"> </span>ti<span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">m</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">e</span>: <span style="letter-spacing: 0.35pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">(</span>10<span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;"> </span>+<span style="letter-spacing: 0.25pt;"> </span>0<span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;"> </span>+<span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;"> </span>5<span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">)</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">/</span>3<span style="letter-spacing: 0.25pt;"> </span>=<span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;"> </span>5<span style="letter-spacing: 0.25pt;"> </span>unit<span style="letter-spacing: 0.4pt;"> </span>of<span style="letter-spacing: 0.15pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">t</span>im<span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">e</span>.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 26.0pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 41.45pt; margin-right: 22.7pt; margin-top: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; tab-stops: 405.0pt; text-autospace: none; text-indent: -33.85pt;"><b><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;">Q<span style="letter-spacing: 0.2pt;">.</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">9</span>.<span style="letter-spacing: 0.25pt;"> </span></span></b><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">W</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;">h<span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">a</span>t<span style="letter-spacing: 0.2pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">i</span>s<span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;"> </span>a<span style="letter-spacing: 0.15pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">s</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">e</span>m<span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">a</span>pho<span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">r</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">e</span>?<span style="letter-spacing: 0.4pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.15pt;">E</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.15pt;">x</span>pl<span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">a</span>in<span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;"> </span>bu<span style="letter-spacing: 0.2pt;">s</span>y <span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">w</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">a</span>it<span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">i</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.15pt;">n</span>g<span style="letter-spacing: 0.15pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">s</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">e</span>m<span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">a</span>pho<span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">r</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">e</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">s</span>.<span style="letter-spacing: -2.4pt;"> </span> <b><span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">(</span></b></span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;"><b>6) <span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">A</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.15pt;">n</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">s: </span></b></span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; line-height: 16px;">A<span style="letter-spacing: 1.85pt;"> </span><b><span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">se</span>mapho<span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">r</span>e<span style="letter-spacing: 2.2pt;"> </span></b>is<span style="letter-spacing: 2.15pt;"> </span>a<span style="letter-spacing: 2.05pt;"> </span>p<span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">r</span>o<span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">t</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">e</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">c</span>t<span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">e</span>d<span style="letter-spacing: 2.05pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.15pt;">v</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">a</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">r</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">i</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">a</span>ble<span style="letter-spacing: 2.05pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.15pt;">o</span>r<span style="letter-spacing: 2pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">a</span>b<span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">s</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">tr</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">a</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">c</span>t<span style="letter-spacing: 2.15pt;"> </span>d<span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">a</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">t</span>a<span style="letter-spacing: 1.95pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.25pt;">t</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">y</span>pe<span style="letter-spacing: 2pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">w</span>hi<span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">c</span>h<span style="letter-spacing: 2.1pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">c</span>on<span style="letter-spacing: 0.2pt;">s</span>t<span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">i</span>tut<span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">e</span>s<span style="letter-spacing: 2.1pt;"> </span>the<span style="letter-spacing: 0.25pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">c</span>l<span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">a</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">ss</span>ic<span style="letter-spacing: 0.4pt;"> </span>m<span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">e</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">t</span>hod<span style="letter-spacing: 0.55pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">f</span>or<span style="letter-spacing: 0.4pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">r</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">e</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">s</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">t</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">r</span>i<span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">c</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">t</span>ing<span style="letter-spacing: 0.3pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">a</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">c</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">ces</span>s<span style="letter-spacing: 0.4pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">t</span>o<span style="letter-spacing: 0.45pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">s</span>h<span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">a</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">r</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">e</span>d<span style="letter-spacing: 0.5pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">r</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">e</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.2pt;">s</span>ou<span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">r</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">c</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">e</span>s<span style="letter-spacing: 0.5pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">s</span>u<span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">c</span>h<span style="letter-spacing: 0.5pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">a</span>s<span style="letter-spacing: 0.55pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">s</span>h<span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">a</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">r</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">e</span>d<span style="letter-spacing: 0.5pt;"> </span>m<span style="letter-spacing: 0.15pt;">e</span>mo<span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">r</span>y<span style="letter-spacing: 0.3pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">i</span>n<span style="letter-spacing: 0.45pt;"> </span>a p<span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">a</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">r</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">a</span>l<span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">l</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">e</span>l<span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;"> </span>p<span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">r</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.15pt;">o</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">g</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">r</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">a</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">m</span>ming<span style="letter-spacing: 0.25pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">e</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.15pt;">n</span>vi<span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">r</span>on<span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">m</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">e</span>nt.</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 9.0pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: .1pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;"><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 9pt;"><o:p> </o:p></span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: normal;"><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; letter-spacing: 0.15pt;">W</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">ea</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;">k,<span style="letter-spacing: 0.3pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">B</span>u<span style="letter-spacing: 0.3pt;">s</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.25pt;">y</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">-</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.15pt;">w</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">a</span>it<span style="letter-spacing: 0.25pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">S</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">e</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">m</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">a</span>pho<span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">r</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">e</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">s</span>:</span></span></div></div><div class="WordSection10"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 41.45pt; margin-right: 191.65pt; margin-top: 1.15pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;"><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;">•</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; letter-spacing: -1.2pt;"> </span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">T</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;">he<span style="letter-spacing: 0.15pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">s</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">i</span>mpl<span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">e</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">s</span>t<span style="letter-spacing: 0.2pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">wa</span>y<span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;"> </span>to<span style="letter-spacing: 0.15pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">i</span>mp<span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">l</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">e</span>m<span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">e</span>nt<span style="letter-spacing: 0.15pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">s</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">e</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">m</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">a</span>pho<span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">r</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">e</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">s</span>.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 41.45pt; margin-right: 53.15pt; margin-top: 1.15pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;"><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;">•</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; letter-spacing: -1.2pt;"> </span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">Us</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">e</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">f</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;">ul<span style="letter-spacing: 0.25pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">w</span>h<span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">e</span>n<span style="letter-spacing: 0.3pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">c</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">r</span>it<span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">i</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">ca</span>l<span style="letter-spacing: 0.2pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">sec</span>tions<span style="letter-spacing: 0.15pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">l</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">a</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">s</span>t<span style="letter-spacing: 0.15pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">f</span>or<span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;"> </span>a<span style="letter-spacing: 0.15pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">s</span>ho<span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">r</span>t<span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;"> t</span>im<span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">e</span>,<span style="letter-spacing: 0.25pt;"> </span>or<span style="letter-spacing: 0.15pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">w</span>e<span style="letter-spacing: 0.2pt;"> </span>h<span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">a</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.15pt;">v</span>e<span style="letter-spacing: 0.15pt;"> </span>lo<span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">t</span>s<span style="letter-spacing: 0.2pt;"> </span>of<span style="letter-spacing: 0.15pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">C</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">P</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">U</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">s</span>.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 41.45pt; margin-right: 81.5pt; margin-top: 1.15pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;"><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;">•</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; letter-spacing: -1.2pt;"> </span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;">S<span style="letter-spacing: 0.35pt;"> </span>ini<span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">t</span>i<span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">a</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">l</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.15pt;">i</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">ze</span>d<span style="letter-spacing: 0.2pt;"> </span>to<span style="letter-spacing: 0.3pt;"> </span>po<span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">s</span>itive<span style="letter-spacing: 0.25pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">v</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">a</span>lue<span style="letter-spacing: 0.15pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">(</span>to<span style="letter-spacing: 0.2pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">a</span>l<span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">l</span>ow<span style="letter-spacing: 0.15pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">s</span>om<span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">e</span>one<span style="letter-spacing: 0.15pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">i</span>n<span style="letter-spacing: 0.2pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">a</span>t<span style="letter-spacing: 0.2pt;"> </span>the<span style="letter-spacing: 0.3pt;"> </span>b<span style="letter-spacing: 0.15pt;">e</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">g</span>inning<span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">)</span>.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 41.45pt; margin-right: 10.75pt; margin-top: 1.0pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;"><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;">•</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; letter-spacing: -1.2pt;"> </span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;">S<span style="letter-spacing: 0.35pt;"> </span>is<span style="letter-spacing: 0.2pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">a</span>n<span style="letter-spacing: 0.25pt;"> </span>in<span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">t</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">ege</span>r<span style="letter-spacing: 0.25pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.15pt;">v</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">a</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">r</span>i<span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">a</span>ble<span style="letter-spacing: 0.15pt;"> </span>t<span style="letter-spacing: 0.15pt;">h</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">a</span>t,<span style="letter-spacing: 0.15pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">a</span>p<span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">a</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">r</span>t<span style="letter-spacing: 0.2pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">fr</span>om<span style="letter-spacing: 0.2pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">i</span>nit<span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">i</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">a</span>l<span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">i</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">z</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">a</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">t</span>i<span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">o</span>n,<span style="letter-spacing: 0.15pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">c</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">a</span>n<span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;"> </span>on<span style="letter-spacing: 0.25pt;">l</span>y<span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;"> </span>be<span style="letter-spacing: 0.25pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">acc</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">e</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">s</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">s</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">e</span>d<span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.25pt;">t</span>h<span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">r</span>ou<span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">g</span>h<span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;"> </span>2<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 48.15pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: .3pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;"><i><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;">a<span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">t</span>o<span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">m</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">i</span>c<span style="letter-spacing: 0.25pt;"> </span>and<span style="letter-spacing: 0.3pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">m</span>utually<span style="letter-spacing: 0.3pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">ex</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.15pt;">c</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.15pt;">l</span>u<span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">s</span>i<span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">v</span>e<span style="letter-spacing: 0.25pt;"> </span></span></i><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;">op<span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">e</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">r</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">a</span>tion<span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">s</span>:</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;"><o:p></o:p></span></div><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 141.25pt; margin-right: 253.25pt; margin-top: .8pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: center; text-autospace: none;"><b><span style="font-family: 'Courier New'; font-size: 9pt; letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">wait(s)</span></b><b><span style="font-family: 'Courier New'; font-size: 9pt;">:</span></b><span style="font-family: 'Courier New'; font-size: 9pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 175.05pt; margin-right: 146.05pt; margin-top: .35pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: center; text-autospace: none;"><b><span style="font-family: 'Courier New'; font-size: 9pt; letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">whil</span></b><b><span style="font-family: 'Courier New'; font-size: 9pt;">e<span style="letter-spacing: 0.4pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">(s.valu</span>e<span style="letter-spacing: 0.45pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">!</span>=<span style="letter-spacing: 0.25pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">0)</span>;</span></b><span style="font-family: 'Courier New'; font-size: 9pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 175.05pt; margin-right: 208.05pt; margin-top: .45pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: center; text-autospace: none;"><b><span style="font-family: 'Courier New'; font-size: 9pt; letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">s.value--</span></b><b><span style="font-family: 'Courier New'; font-size: 9pt;">;</span></b><span style="font-family: 'Courier New'; font-size: 9pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 142.95pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: .45pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;"><b><span style="font-family: 'Courier New'; font-size: 9pt; letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">signal(s)</span></b><b><span style="font-family: 'Courier New'; font-size: 9pt;">:</span></b><span style="font-family: 'Courier New'; font-size: 9pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 175.1pt; margin-right: 208.15pt; margin-top: .35pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: center; text-autospace: none;"><b><span style="font-family: 'Courier New'; font-size: 9pt; letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">s.value++</span></b><b><span style="font-family: 'Courier New'; font-size: 9pt;">;</span></b><span style="font-family: 'Courier New'; font-size: 9pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 10.0pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: .9pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 38.7pt; margin-right: 150.45pt; margin-top: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;"><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">A</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">l</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;">l<span style="letter-spacing: 0.15pt;"> </span>h<span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">a</span>pp<span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">e</span>ns<span style="letter-spacing: 0.15pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">a</span>tom<span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">i</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">ca</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">ll</span>y<span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">i</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">.e</span>.<span style="letter-spacing: 0.15pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">w</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">r</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">a</span>p<span style="letter-spacing: 0.15pt;"> p</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">r</span>e<span style="letter-spacing: 0.25pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">a</span>nd<span style="letter-spacing: 0.25pt;"> </span>p<span style="letter-spacing: 0.15pt;">o</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">s</span>t<span style="letter-spacing: 0.2pt;"> </span>p<span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">r</span>o<span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">t</span>o<span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">c</span>ol<span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">s</span>.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 26.2pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 41.45pt; margin-right: 22.7pt; margin-top: 2.55pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; mso-pagination: none; tab-stops: 405.0pt; text-autospace: none; text-indent: -33.85pt;"><b><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;">Q<span style="letter-spacing: 0.2pt;">.</span>1<span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">0</span>.<span style="letter-spacing: 0.25pt;"> </span></span></b><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">W</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;">h<span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">a</span>t<span style="letter-spacing: 0.2pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">a</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">r</span>e<span style="letter-spacing: 0.15pt;"> </span>the<span style="letter-spacing: 0.3pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">f</span>our<span style="letter-spacing: 0.15pt;"> </span>n<span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">e</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">ce</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">ssa</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.2pt;">r</span>y<span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">c</span>ondit<span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">i</span>ons<span style="letter-spacing: 0.15pt;"> </span>of<span style="letter-spacing: 0.15pt;"> d</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">e</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">a</span>dlo<span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">c</span>k<span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;"> </span>p<span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">r</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">e</span>v<span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">e</span>nt<span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">i</span>on?<span style="letter-spacing: -2.4pt;"> </span> <b><span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">(</span>4) <span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">A</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.15pt;">n</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">s</span>:</b> </span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: 13px;"><b><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; letter-spacing: -0.05pt; position: relative; top: -0.5pt;">F</span></b><b><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; position: relative; top: -0.5pt;">our<span style="letter-spacing: 0.45pt;"> </span>n<span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">e</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">cess</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">a</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">r</span>y<span style="letter-spacing: 0.25pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">c</span>on<span style="letter-spacing: -0.15pt;">d</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">i</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">t</span>ions<span style="letter-spacing: 0.3pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">f</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">o</span>r<span style="letter-spacing: 0.2pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.15pt;">d</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.15pt;">e</span>a<span style="letter-spacing: -0.15pt;">d</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">l</span>o<span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">c</span>k<span style="letter-spacing: 0.2pt;"> </span>p<span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">r</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">e</span>v<span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">e</span>n<span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">t</span>ion:</span></b></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 12.6pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 41.45pt; margin-right: 9.55pt; margin-top: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;"><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;">1. <span style="letter-spacing: 0.8pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">R</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">e</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">m</span>o<span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">v</span>ing <span style="letter-spacing: 1.25pt;"> </span>the <span style="letter-spacing: 1.4pt;"> </span>mutu<span style="letter-spacing: 0.15pt;">a</span>l <span style="letter-spacing: 1.35pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.15pt;">e</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">x</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">c</span>lu<span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">s</span>ion <span style="letter-spacing: 1.2pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">c</span>on<span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">d</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">i</span>tion <span style="letter-spacing: 1.1pt;"> </span>m<span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">e</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.15pt;">a</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">n</span>s <span style="letter-spacing: 1.2pt;"> </span>th<span style="letter-spacing: 0.15pt;">a</span>t <span style="letter-spacing: 1.1pt;"> </span>no <span style="letter-spacing: 1.3pt;"> </span>p<span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">r</span>o<span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">c</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.15pt;">e</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">s</span>s <span style="letter-spacing: 1.15pt;"> </span>m<span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">a</span>y <span style="letter-spacing: 1.15pt;"> </span>h<span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">a</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">v</span>e<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 102%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 41.45pt; margin-right: 9.15pt; margin-top: .3pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;"><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">e</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;">x<span style="letter-spacing: 0.15pt;">c</span>l<span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">u</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">s</span>i<span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">v</span>e<span style="letter-spacing: 1.45pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">acc</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">e</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">s</span>s<span style="letter-spacing: 1.35pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">t</span>o<span style="letter-spacing: 1.4pt;"> </span>a<span style="letter-spacing: 1.45pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">r</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">e</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">s</span>ou<span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">r</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">c</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">e</span>.<span style="letter-spacing: 1.45pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">T</span>his<span style="letter-spacing: 1.35pt;"> </span>p<span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">r</span>ov<span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">e</span>s<span style="letter-spacing: 1.35pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">i</span>mpo<span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">s</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">s</span>ib<span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">l</span>e<span style="letter-spacing: 1.3pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">f</span>or<span style="letter-spacing: 1.35pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">r</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">es</span>ou<span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">r</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">ce</span>s<span style="letter-spacing: 1.45pt;"> </span>t<span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">ha</span>t<span style="letter-spacing: 1.35pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.15pt;">c</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">a</span>nnot<span style="letter-spacing: 1.4pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">b</span>e<span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">s</span>pool<span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">e</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">d</span>,<span style="letter-spacing: 0.8pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">a</span>nd<span style="letter-spacing: 0.85pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.15pt;">e</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">v</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">e</span>n<span style="letter-spacing: 0.85pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">w</span>i<span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">t</span>h<span style="letter-spacing: 0.9pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.2pt;">s</span>poo<span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">l</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">e</span>d<span style="letter-spacing: 0.85pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">r</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.15pt;">e</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">s</span>ou<span style="letter-spacing: -0.15pt;">r</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.15pt;">c</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">e</span>s<span style="letter-spacing: 0.85pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">de</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">a</span>d<span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">l</span>o<span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">c</span>k<span style="letter-spacing: 0.85pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">c</span>ou<span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">l</span>d<span style="letter-spacing: 0.85pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">s</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.15pt;">t</span>i<span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">l</span>l<span style="letter-spacing: 0.8pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">o</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">c</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.15pt;">c</span>u<span style="letter-spacing: -0.15pt;">r</span>.<span style="letter-spacing: 0.9pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">A</span>l<span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">g</span>o<span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">r</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">i</span>thms<span style="letter-spacing: 0.95pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">t</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">ha</span>t <span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">a</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">v</span>o<span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">i</span>d<span style="letter-spacing: 0.15pt;"> </span>mu<span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">t</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">u</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">a</span>l <span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">e</span>x<span style="letter-spacing: 0.15pt;">c</span>l<span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">u</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">s</span>ion<span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">a</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">r</span>e<span style="letter-spacing: 0.25pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">c</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">a</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">l</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.15pt;">l</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">e</span>d<span style="letter-spacing: 0.25pt;"> </span>non<span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">-</span>blo<span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">c</span>k<span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">i</span>ng<span style="letter-spacing: 0.3pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">s</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">y</span>n<span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">c</span>h<span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">r</span>on<span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">i</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">z</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">a</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">t</span>ion<span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">a</span>l<span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">g</span>o<span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">r</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">i</span>thm<span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">s</span>.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 12.6pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 44.3pt; margin-right: 9.4pt; margin-top: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;"><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;">2.<span style="letter-spacing: 0.45pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">T</span>he<span style="letter-spacing: 0.5pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.2pt;">"</span>hold<span style="letter-spacing: 0.5pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.15pt;">a</span>nd<span style="letter-spacing: 0.6pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">wa</span>it"<span style="letter-spacing: 0.6pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">c</span>ondit<span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">i</span>ons<span style="letter-spacing: 0.65pt;"> </span>m<span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">a</span>y<span style="letter-spacing: 0.65pt;"> </span>be<span style="letter-spacing: 0.75pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">r</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">e</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">m</span>o<span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">v</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">e</span>d<span style="letter-spacing: 0.55pt;"> </span>by<span style="letter-spacing: 0.7pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">r</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">e</span>qui<span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">r</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">i</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.15pt;">n</span>g<span style="letter-spacing: 0.45pt;"> </span>p<span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">r</span>o<span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">c</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.15pt;">e</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">s</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">s</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">e</span>s<span style="letter-spacing: 0.65pt;"> </span>to<span style="letter-spacing: 0.75pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">r</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">e</span>qu<span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">es</span>t<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 102%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 41.45pt; margin-right: 9.1pt; margin-top: .3pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;"><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">a</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">l</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;">l<span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;"> t</span>he<span style="letter-spacing: 0.35pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.15pt;">r</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">es</span>ou<span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">r</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">c</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">e</span>s<span style="letter-spacing: 0.25pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">t</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">h</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">e</span>y<span style="letter-spacing: 0.2pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">w</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">i</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.15pt;">l</span>l<span style="letter-spacing: 0.4pt;"> </span>n<span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">e</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">e</span>d<span style="letter-spacing: 0.35pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">b</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">e</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">f</span>o<span style="letter-spacing: -0.15pt;">r</span>e<span style="letter-spacing: 0.4pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">s</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.15pt;">t</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">a</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">r</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">t</span>ing<span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;"> </span>up.<span style="letter-spacing: 0.45pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">A</span>noth<span style="letter-spacing: 0.15pt;">e</span>r<span style="letter-spacing: 0.25pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">wa</span>y<span style="letter-spacing: 0.3pt;"> </span>is<span style="letter-spacing: 0.35pt;"> </span>to<span style="letter-spacing: 0.3pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">r</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">e</span>qui<span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">r</span>e<span style="letter-spacing: 0.2pt;"> </span>p<span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">r</span>o<span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">ces</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.2pt;">s</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.15pt;">e</span>s to<span style="letter-spacing: 0.25pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.15pt;">r</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">e</span>l<span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">ea</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">s</span>e<span style="letter-spacing: 0.15pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">a</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.15pt;">l</span>l<span style="letter-spacing: 0.2pt;"> </span>th<span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">e</span>ir<span style="letter-spacing: 0.35pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.15pt;">r</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">es</span>ou<span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">r</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">ce</span>s<span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;"> </span>b<span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">e</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">f</span>o<span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">r</span>e<span style="letter-spacing: 0.25pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">r</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">e</span>q<span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">u</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">es</span>t<span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">i</span>ng<span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">a</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">l</span>l<span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;"> </span>the<span style="letter-spacing: 0.4pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">r</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">es</span>ou<span style="letter-spacing: -0.15pt;">r</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">ce</span>s<span style="letter-spacing: 0.25pt;"> </span>t<span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">h</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">e</span>y<span style="letter-spacing: 0.2pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">w</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">i</span>ll<span style="letter-spacing: 0.25pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">ne</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.15pt;">e</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">d</span>.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 102%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 41.45pt; margin-right: 9.05pt; margin-top: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-indent: 2.9pt;"><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;">3.<span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;"> </span>A<span style="letter-spacing: 0.3pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.2pt;">"</span>no<span style="letter-spacing: 0.25pt;"> </span>p<span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">r</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">ee</span>mptio<span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">n</span>"<span style="letter-spacing: 0.45pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">(</span>lo<span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">c</span>kout)<span style="letter-spacing: 0.25pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">c</span>ondi<span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">t</span>ion<span style="letter-spacing: 0.25pt;"> </span>m<span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">a</span>y<span style="letter-spacing: 0.3pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">a</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.15pt;">l</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">s</span>o<span style="letter-spacing: 0.25pt;"> </span>be<span style="letter-spacing: 0.5pt;"> </span>di<span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">f</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">f</span>i<span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">c</span>ult<span style="letter-spacing: 0.4pt;"> </span>or<span style="letter-spacing: 0.35pt;"> </span>impo<span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">ss</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.15pt;">i</span>ble<span style="letter-spacing: 0.7pt;"> </span>to<span style="letter-spacing: 0.4pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">a</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">v</span>oid <span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">a</span>s<span style="letter-spacing: 1.4pt;"> </span>a <span style="letter-spacing: -1.15pt;"> </span>p<span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">r</span>o<span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">c</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">es</span>s<span style="letter-spacing: 1.35pt;"> </span>h<span style="letter-spacing: 0.15pt;">a</span>s<span style="letter-spacing: 1.35pt;"> </span>to<span style="letter-spacing: 1.5pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">b</span>e<span style="letter-spacing: 1.45pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">a</span>ble<span style="letter-spacing: 1.45pt;"> </span>to<span style="letter-spacing: 1.5pt;"> </span>h<span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">a</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">v</span>e<span style="letter-spacing: 1.45pt;"> </span>a<span style="letter-spacing: 1.45pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">r</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.15pt;">e</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">s</span>ou<span style="letter-spacing: -0.15pt;">r</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.15pt;">c</span>e<span style="letter-spacing: 1.3pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">f</span>or<span style="letter-spacing: 1.35pt;"> </span>a<span style="letter-spacing: 1.45pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">ce</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">r</span>t<span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">a</span>in<span style="letter-spacing: 1.45pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">a</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">m</span>ou<span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">n</span>t<span style="letter-spacing: 1.4pt;"> </span>of<span style="letter-spacing: 1.45pt;"> </span>tim<span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">e</span>,<span style="letter-spacing: 1.65pt;"> </span>or<span style="letter-spacing: 1.45pt;"> </span>t<span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">h</span>e<span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;"> </span>p<span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">r</span>o<span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">c</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.15pt;">e</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">s</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">s</span>ing<span style="letter-spacing: 1.1pt;"> </span>out<span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">c</span>ome<span style="letter-spacing: 1.5pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">m</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">a</span>y<span style="letter-spacing: 1.25pt;"> </span>be<span style="letter-spacing: 1.35pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">i</span>n<span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">c</span>on<span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">s</span>i<span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">s</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.15pt;">t</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">e</span>nt<span style="letter-spacing: 1.35pt;"> </span>or<span style="letter-spacing: 1.2pt;"> </span>th<span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">r</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">a</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">s</span>hing<span style="letter-spacing: 1.25pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">m</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">a</span>y<span style="letter-spacing: 1.25pt;"> </span>o<span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">cc</span>u<span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">r</span>.<span style="letter-spacing: 1.4pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">H</span>o<span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">w</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.15pt;">e</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">v</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">e</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">r</span>,<span style="letter-spacing: 1.3pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">i</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">n</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">a</span>bi<span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">l</span>ity<span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;"> </span>to<span style="letter-spacing: 0.85pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.15pt;">e</span>n<span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">f</span>o<span style="letter-spacing: -0.15pt;">r</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">c</span>e<span style="letter-spacing: 0.9pt;"> </span>p<span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">r</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">ee</span>mption<span style="letter-spacing: 0.95pt;"> </span>m<span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">a</span>y<span style="letter-spacing: 0.9pt;"> </span>in<span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">t</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">e</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">r</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">f</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">e</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.15pt;">r</span>e<span style="letter-spacing: 1.15pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">w</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">i</span>th<span style="letter-spacing: 1pt;"> </span>a<span style="letter-spacing: 1.1pt;"> </span>p<span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">r</span>io<span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">r</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.15pt;">i</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">t</span>y<span style="letter-spacing: 0.85pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">a</span>l<span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">g</span>o<span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">r</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">i</span>thm.<span style="letter-spacing: 1.15pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">A</span>l<span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">g</span>o<span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">r</span>i<span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">t</span>hms<span style="letter-spacing: 1.2pt;"> </span>th<span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">a</span>t<span style="letter-spacing: 1.1pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">a</span>l<span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">l</span>ow p<span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">r</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">e</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.15pt;">e</span>mp<span style="letter-spacing: -0.15pt;">t</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">i</span>on<span style="letter-spacing: 2.3pt;"> </span>in<span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">c</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">l</span>u<span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">d</span>e <span style="letter-spacing: -0.2pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">l</span>o<span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">c</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">k</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">-</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">f</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">r</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">e</span>e<span style="letter-spacing: 2.35pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">a</span>nd<span style="letter-spacing: 2.4pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">wa</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">i</span>t<span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">-</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">f</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.15pt;">r</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">e</span>e <span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">a</span>lgo<span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">r</span>ith<span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">m</span>s<span style="letter-spacing: 2.3pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.15pt;">a</span>nd<span style="letter-spacing: 2.4pt;"> </span>opti<span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">m</span>i<span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">s</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.15pt;">t</span>ic <span style="letter-spacing: 0.25pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">c</span>on<span style="letter-spacing: 0.15pt;">c</span>u<span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">rr</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">e</span>n<span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">c</span>y<span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">c</span>on<span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">t</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">r</span>o<span style="letter-spacing: -0.15pt;">l</span>.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 102%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 41.45pt; margin-right: 9.15pt; margin-top: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-indent: 2.9pt;"><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;">4.<span style="letter-spacing: 0.95pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">T</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">h</span>e<span style="letter-spacing: 1.1pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">c</span>i<span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">r</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.15pt;">c</span>u<span style="letter-spacing: -0.15pt;">l</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">a</span>r<span style="letter-spacing: 1.05pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">w</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">a</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">i</span>t<span style="letter-spacing: 1pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">c</span>ondit<span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">i</span>on:<span style="letter-spacing: 1.05pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">A</span>l<span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">g</span>o<span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">r</span>i<span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">t</span>hms<span style="letter-spacing: 1.2pt;"> </span>t<span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">h</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">a</span>t<span style="letter-spacing: 1pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">av</span>oid<span style="letter-spacing: 1.1pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.15pt;">c</span>i<span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">r</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">c</span>u<span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">l</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">a</span>r<span style="letter-spacing: 1.05pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">w</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">a</span>i<span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">t</span>s<span style="letter-spacing: 0.95pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">i</span>n<span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">c</span>l<span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">u</span>de<span style="letter-spacing: 1.05pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">"</span>d<span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">i</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.2pt;">s</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.15pt;">a</span>b<span style="letter-spacing: -0.15pt;">l</span>e in<span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">t</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">e</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">rr</span>upts <span style="letter-spacing: 1.15pt;"> </span>du<span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">r</span>ing <span style="letter-spacing: 1.05pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.15pt;">c</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">r</span>iti<span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">ca</span>l <span style="letter-spacing: 1.2pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">s</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">e</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.15pt;">c</span>tion<span style="letter-spacing: -0.2pt;">s</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.2pt;">"</span>, <span style="letter-spacing: 1.05pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">a</span>nd <span style="letter-spacing: 1.1pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">"</span>u<span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">s</span>e <span style="letter-spacing: 1.1pt;"> </span>a <span style="letter-spacing: 1pt;"> </span>h<span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">i</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">e</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.15pt;">r</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">a</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">r</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">c</span>hy <span style="letter-spacing: 0.95pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">t</span>o <span style="letter-spacing: 1.05pt;"> </span>d<span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">e</span>t<span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">e</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">r</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">m</span>i<span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">n</span>e <span style="letter-spacing: 1.1pt;"> </span>a <span style="letter-spacing: 1.25pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">p</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">a</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">r</span>t<span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">i</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">a</span>l<span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;"> </span>o<span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">r</span>d<span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">e</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">r</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">i</span>ng of<span style="letter-spacing: 0.2pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">r</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">es</span>ou<span style="letter-spacing: -0.15pt;">r</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">ce</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">s</span>"<span style="letter-spacing: 0.25pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">an</span>d<span style="letter-spacing: 0.35pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">D</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.15pt;">i</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">j</span>k<span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">s</span>t<span style="letter-spacing: -0.15pt;">r</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.15pt;">a</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">'</span>s<span style="letter-spacing: 0.35pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">s</span>o<span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">l</span>u<span style="letter-spacing: -0.15pt;">t</span>io<span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">n</span>.</span></div></div></div>Anonymoushttp://www.blogger.com/profile/17584789907165764161noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-373343443959566174.post-83961904036890043222012-03-22T04:26:00.000-07:002012-03-22T04:26:19.891-07:00Software Engineering Important Questions (Short)<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on"><br />
Number of Questions : Short Answers :150<br />
Essay Type : 25<br />
<br />
UNIT 1<br />
1) Define Software Engineering.<br />
Software Engineering :<br />
The Application of systematic, disciplined, quantifier<br />
approach To the development, operations, and maintenance of software<br />
2) What is a Process Framework?<br />
Process Framework :<br />
Establishes foundation for a complete software process By identifying a small number of framework<br />
activities that are applicable for all software<br />
projects regardless of their size and complexity<br />
3) What are the Generic Framework Activities?<br />
Generic Framework Activities :<br />
Communication<br />
Planning<br />
Modeling<br />
Construction<br />
Deployment<br />
4) Define Stakeholder.<br />
Stakeholder :<br />
• Anyone who has stake in successful outcome of<br />
Project Business Managers, end-users, software engineer, support<br />
people<br />
5)How the Process Model differ from one another?<br />
• Based on flow of activities<br />
• Interdependencies between activities<br />
• Manner of Quality Assurance<br />
• Manner of Project Tracking<br />
• Team Organization and Roles<br />
• Work Products identify an requirement identifier<br />
6) Write out the reasons for the Failure of Water Fall<br />
Model?<br />
Reasons For The Failure Of Water Fall Model :<br />
• Real Project rarely follow Sequential Flow. Iterations are<br />
made in indirect manner<br />
• Difficult for customer to state all requirements explicitly<br />
• Customer needs more patients as working product reach only<br />
at Deployment phase<br />
7) What are the Drawbacks of RAD Model?<br />
Drawbacks of RAD Model :<br />
• Require sufficient number of Human Resources to create<br />
enough number of teams<br />
• Developers and Customers are not committed, system result in<br />
failure<br />
• Not Properly Modularized building component may Problematic<br />
• Not applicable when there is more possibility for Technical<br />
Risk<br />
8) Why Formal Methods are not widely used?<br />
• Quite Time Consuming and Expensive<br />
• Extensive expertise is needed for developers to apply formal<br />
methods<br />
• Difficult to use as they are technically sophisticated<br />
maintenance may become risk<br />
9) What is Cross Cutting Concerns?<br />
Cross Cutting Concerns :<br />
• When concerns cut across multiple functions, features and<br />
information<br />
10) What are the different Phases of Unified Process?<br />
Different Phases of Unified Process :<br />
• Inception Phase<br />
• Elaboration Phase<br />
• Construction Phase<br />
• Transition Phase<br />
• Production Phase<br />
11) Define the terms :<br />
a) Agility<br />
b) Agile Team<br />
a) Agility :-<br />
• Dynamic, Content Specific, Aggressively Change<br />
Embracing and Growth Oriented<br />
b) Agile Team :-<br />
• Fast Team<br />
• Able to Respond to Changes<br />
12) Define the terms:<br />
a) Agile Methods<br />
b) Agile Process<br />
a)Agile Methods :-<br />
• Methods to overcome perceive and actual weakness in<br />
conventional software engineering<br />
• To accommodate changes in environment, requirements and<br />
use cases<br />
b)Agile Process :-<br />
• Focus on Team Structures, Team Communications, Rapid<br />
Delivery of software and it de-emphasis importance of<br />
intermediate product<br />
13) What is the Use of Process Technology Tools?<br />
Use of Process Technology Tools :<br />
• Help Software Organizations<br />
1. Analyze their current process<br />
2. Organize work task<br />
3. Control And Monitor Progress<br />
4. Manage Technical Quality<br />
5.<br />
14) Define the term Scripts.<br />
Scripts :<br />
• Specific Process Activities and other detailed work<br />
functions that are part of team process<br />
15) What is the Objective of the Project Planning Process?<br />
Objective of the Project Planning Process :<br />
• To provide framework that enables manager to make<br />
reasonable estimates of resources, cost and schedule<br />
16) What are the Decomposition Techniques?<br />
Decomposition Techniques :<br />
• Software Sizing<br />
• Problem – Based Estimation<br />
• Process – Based Estimation<br />
• Estimation With Use – Cases<br />
• Reconciling Estimates<br />
17) How do we compute the “Expected Value” for Software<br />
Size?<br />
• Expected value for estimation variable(size), S, can be<br />
compute as Weighted Average of Optimistic(Sopt),most<br />
likely(Sm),and Pessimistic(Spess) estimates<br />
• S = (Sopt+4Sm+Spess)/6<br />
18) What is an Object Point?<br />
Object Point :<br />
• Count is determined by multiplying original number of<br />
object instances by weighting factor and summing to obtain<br />
total object point count<br />
19) What is the difference between the “Known Risks” and Predictable<br />
Risks” ?<br />
Known Risks :-<br />
• That can be uncovered after careful evaluation of the<br />
project plan, the business, and technical environment<br />
in which the product is being developed<br />
• Example : Unrealistic delivery rate<br />
Predictable Risks :-<br />
• Extrapolated from past project experience<br />
• Example : Staff turnover<br />
20) List out the basic principles of software project<br />
scheduling ?<br />
Basic Principles Of Software Project Scheduling :-<br />
• Compartmentalization<br />
• Interdependency<br />
• Time Allocation<br />
• Effort Validation<br />
• Defined Responsibilities<br />
• Defined Outcomes<br />
• Defined Milestones<br />
UNIT 2<br />
21) What are the Classifications of System Engineering?<br />
Classifications of System Engineering :<br />
• Business Process Engineering[BPE]<br />
• Product Engineering<br />
22) List out the Elements in Computer-Based System?<br />
Elements in Computer-Based System :<br />
• Software<br />
• Hardware<br />
• People<br />
• Database<br />
• Documentation<br />
• Procedures<br />
23) What are the Factors to be considered in the System<br />
Model Construction?<br />
• Assumption<br />
• Simplification<br />
• Limitation<br />
• Constraints<br />
• Preferences<br />
24) What does a System Engineering Model accomplish?<br />
• Define Processes that serve needs of view<br />
• Represent behavior of process and assumption<br />
• Explicitly define Exogenous and Endogenous Input<br />
• Represent all Linkages that enable engineer to better<br />
understand view<br />
25) What Architectures are defined and developed as part of<br />
BPE?<br />
• Data Architecture<br />
• Applications Architecture<br />
• Technology Architecture<br />
26) What is meant by Cardinality and Modality ?<br />
Cardinality :-<br />
• The number of occurrence of one object related to the<br />
number of occurrence of another object<br />
• One to One [1 :1]<br />
• One to Many [1 : N]<br />
• Many to Many [M : N]<br />
Modality :-<br />
• Whether or not a particular Data Object must participate<br />
in the relationship<br />
27) What are the Objectives of Requirement Analysis ?<br />
Objectives of Requirement Analysis :<br />
• Describe what customer requires<br />
• Establish a basis for creation of software design<br />
• Define a set of requirements that can be validated once<br />
the software design is built<br />
28) What are the two additional feature of Hayley Pirbhai<br />
Model?<br />
• User Interface Processing<br />
• Maintenance and Self test Processing<br />
29) Define System Context Diagram[SCD]?<br />
System Context Diagram[SCD] :<br />
• Establish information boundary between System being<br />
implemented and Environment which system operate<br />
• Defines all external producers, external consumers and<br />
entities that communicate through User Interface<br />
30) Define System Flow Diagram[SFD]?<br />
System Flow Diagram[SFD] :<br />
• Indicates Information flow across SCD region<br />
• Used to guide system engineer in developing system<br />
31) What are the Requirements Engineering Process<br />
Functions?<br />
• Inception<br />
• Elicitation<br />
• Elaboration<br />
• Negotiation<br />
• Specification<br />
• Validation<br />
• Management<br />
32) What are the Difficulties in Elicitation?<br />
Difficulties in Elicitation :<br />
• Problem Of Scope<br />
• Problem Of Understanding<br />
• Problem Of Volatility<br />
33) List out the Types of Traceability Table?<br />
Types of Traceability Table :<br />
• Features Traceability Table<br />
• Source Traceability Table<br />
• Dependency Traceability Table<br />
• Subsystem Traceability Table<br />
• Interface Traceability Table<br />
34) Define Quality Function Deployment[QFD]?<br />
Quality Function Deployment[QFD] :<br />
• Technique translates needs of customer into technical<br />
requirements<br />
• “Concentrates on maximizing customer satisfaction from<br />
the software engineering process”<br />
35) What are the Benefits of Analysis Pattern?<br />
Benefits of Analysis Pattern :<br />
• Seedup development of Analysis model<br />
• Transformation of Analysis into Design model<br />
36) What is System Modeling?<br />
System Modeling :-<br />
• Important Element in System Engineering Process<br />
• Define Process in each view to be constructed<br />
• Represent Behavior of the Process<br />
• Explicitly define exogenous and endogenous inputs<br />
37) Define CRC Modeling ?<br />
CRC Modeling :-<br />
• Class Responsibility Collaborator Modeling<br />
• Collection of Standard Index Card .Divided into 3<br />
sections<br />
1. Name of class at Top<br />
2. List of class Responsibilities at Left<br />
3. Collaborators at Right<br />
• Classes that Cover the Information to complete its<br />
responsibilities<br />
38) List out the Factors of Data Modeling?<br />
Factors of Data Modeling :<br />
• Data Objects<br />
• Data Attributes<br />
• Relationship<br />
• Cardinality and Modality<br />
39) Define Swim Lane Diagram?<br />
Swim Lane Diagram :<br />
• Variation of activity diagram<br />
• Allows Modular to represent floe of activities<br />
• Actor responsible for activity<br />
40) What are the Selection Characteristic for Classes?<br />
Selection Characteristic for Classes :<br />
• Retained Information<br />
• Needed Services<br />
• Multiple Attribute<br />
• Common Attribute<br />
• Common operations<br />
• Essential Requirements<br />
41) Define Steps in Behavioral Model.<br />
Steps in Behavioral Model :<br />
• Evaluate all Use Cases<br />
• Identify Events<br />
• Create Sequence for each use Cases<br />
• Build a State Diagram<br />
• Review Model for Accuracy and Consistency<br />
UNIT 3<br />
41) Define the terms in Software Designing :<br />
(a) Abstraction<br />
(b) Modularity<br />
(a) Abstraction :<br />
1. Highest Level : Solution is stated in broad term using<br />
language of problem environment<br />
2. Lower Level : More detailed description of solution is<br />
provided<br />
(b) Modularity :<br />
• Software is divided into separately named and<br />
addressable components, called Modules that are<br />
integrated to satisfy problem requirements<br />
42) How the Architecture Design can be represented?<br />
• Architectural Design can be represented by one or more<br />
different models. They are,<br />
1. Structural Models<br />
2. Framework Models<br />
3. Dynamic Models<br />
4. Process Models<br />
43) What is the Advantage of Information Hiding?<br />
Advantage of Information Hiding :<br />
• During testing and maintenance phase if changes<br />
require that is done in particular module without<br />
affecting other module<br />
44) What types of Classes does the designer create?<br />
• User interface Classes<br />
• Business Domain Classes<br />
• Process Classes<br />
• Persistent Classes<br />
• System Classes<br />
45) What is Coupling?<br />
Coupling :-<br />
• Quantitative measure of degree to which classes are<br />
connected to one another<br />
• Keep coupling as low as possible<br />
46) What is Cohesion?<br />
Cohesion :<br />
• Indication of relative functional strength of a module<br />
• Natural extension of Information Hiding<br />
• Performs a single task, requiring little integration<br />
with other components<br />
47) Define Refactoring.<br />
Refactoring :<br />
• Changing software system in the way that does not alter<br />
external behavior of code<br />
48) What are the Five Types of Design classes?<br />
Five Types of Design classes :<br />
• User Interface Classes<br />
• Business domain Classes<br />
• Process Classes<br />
• Persistent Classes<br />
• System Classes<br />
49) What are the Different types of Design Model? Explain.<br />
Different types of Design Model :<br />
• Process Dimension :<br />
Indicate evolution of Design model as design tasks<br />
executed as part of software process<br />
• Abstraction Dimension :<br />
Represent level of detail as each element of analysis<br />
model is transformed into design equivalent<br />
50) List out the Different elements of Design Model?<br />
Different Elements of Design Model :<br />
• Data Design Elements<br />
• Architectural Design Elements<br />
• Interface Design Elements<br />
• Component Level Design Elements<br />
• Deployment Level Design Elements<br />
51) What are the Types of Interface Design Elements?<br />
Types of Interface Design Elements :<br />
• User Interfaces<br />
• External Interfaces<br />
• Internal Interfaces<br />
52) What Types of Design Patterns are available for the<br />
software Engineer?<br />
Types of Design Patterns :<br />
• Architectural patterns<br />
• Design Patterns<br />
• Idioms<br />
53) Define Framework.<br />
Framework :<br />
• Code Skeleton that can fleshed out with specific classes<br />
or functionality<br />
• Designed to address specifies problem at hand<br />
54) What is the Objective of Architectural Design?<br />
Objective of Architectural Design :<br />
• Model overall software structure by representing<br />
component interfaces, dependencies and relationships and<br />
interactions<br />
55) What are the important roles of Conventional component<br />
within the Software Architecture?<br />
• Control Component : that coordinates invocation of all<br />
other problem domain<br />
• Problem Domain Component : that implement Complete or<br />
Partial function required by customer<br />
• Infrastructure Component : that responsible for<br />
functions that support processing required in problem<br />
domain<br />
56) What are the Basic Design principles of Class-Based<br />
Components?<br />
Basic Design principles of Class-Based Components :<br />
• Open-Closed Principle[OCP]<br />
• Liskov Substitution Principle[LSP]<br />
• Dependency Inversion Principle[DIP]<br />
• Interface Segregation Principle[ISP]<br />
• Release Reuse Equivalency Principle[REP]<br />
• Common Closure Principle[CCP]<br />
• Common Reuse Principle[CRP]<br />
57)What should we consider when we name components?<br />
• Components<br />
• Interface<br />
• Dependencies and Inheritance<br />
58) What are the Different Types of Cohesion?<br />
Different Types of Cohesion :<br />
• Functional<br />
• Layer<br />
• Communicational<br />
• Sequential<br />
• Procedural<br />
• Temporal<br />
• Utility<br />
59) What are the Different Types of Coupling?<br />
Different Types of Coupling :<br />
• Content Coupling<br />
• Common Coupling<br />
• Control Coupling<br />
• Stamp Coupling<br />
• Data Coupling<br />
• Routine Call Coupling<br />
• Type Use Coupling<br />
• Inclusion or Import Coupling<br />
• External Coupling<br />
60) What is Program Design Language [PDL]?<br />
Program Design Language [PDL] :<br />
• Also called Structured English or Pseudocode<br />
• Pidgin Language in that it uses the vocabulary of one<br />
language and overall syntax of another<br />
UNIT 4<br />
61) What are the Basic Principles of Software Testing?<br />
Basic Principles of Software Testing :<br />
• Traceable to Customer Requirements<br />
• Planned long before Testing begins<br />
• Pareto Principles applied to Software testing<br />
• Begin small and progress towards testing<br />
• Exhaustive testing is not possible<br />
• Conducted by independent third party<br />
62) List out the Characteristics of Testability of<br />
Software?<br />
Characteristics of Testability of Software :<br />
• Operability<br />
• Observability<br />
• Controllability<br />
• Decomposability<br />
• Simplicity<br />
• Stability<br />
• Understandability<br />
63) List out various Methods for finding Cyclomatic<br />
Complexity ?<br />
• Number of Regions<br />
• Cyclomatic Complexity V(G) , for Flow Graph<br />
V(G) = E – N + 2<br />
• Cyclomatic Complexity V(G)<br />
V(G) = P +1<br />
64) Define Smoke Testing ?<br />
Smoke Testing :<br />
• Integration testing<br />
• Commonly used when software products are being developed<br />
65)What are the Attributes of Good Test?<br />
Attributes of Good Test :<br />
• High probability of finding errors<br />
• Not Redundant<br />
• “Best of Breed”<br />
• Neither too Simple nor too complex<br />
65) Define White Box Testing.<br />
White Box Testing :<br />
• Also called Glass Box Testing<br />
• Test case design uses Control Structure of Procedural<br />
Design to derive test cases<br />
66) Define Basic Path Testing.<br />
Basic Path Testing :<br />
• White Box Testing<br />
• Enable test case designer to derive a logical complexity<br />
measure of a procedural design<br />
• Use this measure as a Guide for defining a basis set of<br />
execution paths<br />
67) Define the terms :<br />
a) Graph Matrices<br />
b) Connection Matrices<br />
Graph Matrices :-<br />
• To develop software tool the data structure used is<br />
Graph Matrix<br />
• Square Matrix<br />
• Size equals number of nodes on the Flow graph<br />
Connection Matrices :-<br />
• If Link Weight =1 => Connection Exists<br />
• If Link Weight =1 => Connection Does not Exists<br />
68) What is Behavioral Testing?<br />
Behavioral Testing :<br />
• Also Known as Black Box Testing<br />
• Focuses on Functional Requirement of software<br />
• Enables Software engineer to derive set of input<br />
condition that fully exercise all functional<br />
requirements of a software<br />
69) What are the Benefits of conducting Smoke Testing?<br />
Benefits of conducting Smoke Testing :<br />
• Integration Risk is Minimized<br />
• Quality of end-product is improved<br />
• Error diagnosis and Correction are simplified<br />
• Progress is easy to assess<br />
70) What errors are commonly found during Unit Testing?<br />
• Misunderstood or incorrect arithmetic precedence<br />
• Mixed Mode Operations<br />
• Incorrect Initializations<br />
• Precision Accuracy<br />
• Incorrect Symbolic representation of expression<br />
71) What problems may be encountered when Top-Down<br />
Integration is chosen?<br />
• Delay are test until stubs replace with actual modules<br />
• Develop stubs that perform limited functions that<br />
simulate the actual module<br />
• Integrate the software from the bottom of the hierarchy<br />
upward<br />
72) What are the Steps in Bottom-Up Integration?<br />
Steps in Bottom-Up Integration :<br />
• Low level components are combined into clusters perform<br />
specific software sub function<br />
• Driver is written to coordinate test case input and output<br />
• Cluster is tested<br />
• Drivers are removed and clusters are combined moving<br />
inward in program structure<br />
73) What is Regression Testing?<br />
Regression Testing :<br />
• Re-execution of some subset of tests that have already<br />
been conducted<br />
• To ensure changes have not propagated unintended side<br />
effects<br />
74) What are the Characteristics of “Critical Module”?<br />
Characteristics of “Critical Module” :<br />
• Addresses several software requirements<br />
• Has High Level Of Control<br />
• Complex or error prone<br />
• Has Definite Performance Requirements<br />
75) What are the Properties of Connection Matrices?<br />
Properties of Connection Matrices :<br />
• Probability that link will execute<br />
• Processing time expended during traversal of link<br />
• Memory required during traversal of link<br />
• Resource required during traversal of link<br />
76) What is Flow Graph Notation?<br />
Flow Graph Notation :-<br />
• Simple notation for representing Control Flow<br />
• Draw only when Logical Structure of component is complex<br />
77) Define Cyclomatic Complexity?<br />
Cyclomatic Complexity :-<br />
• Software Metric<br />
• Quantitative measure of Logical Complexity<br />
• Number of Independent Paths in the basis set of<br />
program<br />
78)What is Equivalence Partition?<br />
Equivalence Partitions :-<br />
• Derives a input domain of a program into classes of data<br />
from which test cases are derived<br />
• Set Of Objects have link by relationships as Symmetric,<br />
Transitive and Reflexive an equivalence class is present<br />
79) List out the possible errors of Black Box Testing?<br />
Errors of Black Box Testing :<br />
• Incorrect or Missing Functions<br />
• Interface Errors<br />
• Errors in Data Structures or external databases<br />
• Behavioral or Performance errors<br />
• Initialization or Termination errors<br />
80) Define Data Objects.<br />
Data Objects :<br />
• Represent Composite Information<br />
• External entity, thin, occurrence or event, role,<br />
organizational unit, place or structure<br />
• Encapsulates Data only<br />
UNIT 5<br />
81) What are the Components of the Cost of Quality?<br />
Components of the Cost of Quality :<br />
• Quality Costs<br />
• Prevention Costs<br />
• Appraisal Costs<br />
82) What is Software Quality Control?<br />
Software Quality Control :<br />
• Involves series of inspections, reviews and tests<br />
• Used throughout software process to ensure each work<br />
product meets requirements placed upon it<br />
83) What is Software Quality Assurance?<br />
Software Quality Assurance :<br />
• Set of auditing and reporting functions<br />
• Assess effectiveness and completeness of quality control<br />
activities<br />
84) What are the Objective of Formal Technical Reviews?<br />
Objective of Formal Technical Reviews :<br />
• Uncover errors in function, logic and implementation for<br />
representation of software<br />
• Software represented according to predefined standard<br />
• Verify software under review meets requirements<br />
• Achieve software developed in Uniform Manner<br />
• Make projects more manageable<br />
85) What Steps are required to perform Statistical SQA?<br />
• Information about software defects is collected and<br />
categorized<br />
• Attempt is made trace each defect<br />
• Using Pareto principle, isolate 20%<br />
• Once vital causes are identified, correct problems that<br />
cause defects<br />
86) Define SQA Plan.<br />
SQA Plan :<br />
• Provides roadmap for instituting SQA<br />
• Plan serves as template for SQA activities that instituted<br />
for each software project<br />
87) What is Baseline criteria in SCM ?<br />
• Help to control Change<br />
• Specification or product that has been formally<br />
• Reviewed and agreed upon serves as basis for future<br />
development<br />
• That can be change only through formal change control<br />
procedures<br />
88) Define Status Reporting ?<br />
• Also called Configuration Status Reporting<br />
• Is a SCM task that answers<br />
1. What Happened ?<br />
2. Who did it ?<br />
3. When did it happen ?<br />
4. What else will be affected ?<br />
89) What is the Origin of changes that are requested for<br />
software?<br />
Origin Of Change :-<br />
• New Business or Market Condition<br />
• New Customer Needs<br />
• Reorganization or business growth/downsizing<br />
• Budgetary or Scheduling constraints<br />
90) List out the Elements of SCM?<br />
Elements of SCM :-<br />
• Component Elements<br />
• Process Elements<br />
• Construction Elements<br />
• Human Elements<br />
91) What are the Features supported by SCM?<br />
Features supported by SCM :<br />
• Versioning<br />
• Dependency tracking and change Management<br />
• Requirements tracking<br />
• Configuration Management<br />
• Audit trails<br />
92) What are the Objectives of SCM Process?<br />
Objectives of SCM Process :<br />
• Identify all items, collectively define software<br />
configuration<br />
• Manage changes to one or more these items<br />
• Facilitate construction of different version of an<br />
application<br />
• Ensure that the software quality is maintained<br />
93) What are the issues to be considered for developing<br />
tactics for WebApp Configuration Management?<br />
• Context<br />
• People<br />
• Scalability<br />
94) Define CASE Tools.<br />
CASE Tools :<br />
• Computer Aided Software Engineering<br />
• It is a System software<br />
• Provide Automated support for software process activities<br />
• Includes program used to support software process<br />
activities<br />
• Such as Requirement Analysis, System Modeling, Debugging<br />
and Testing<br />
95) How do we define Software Quality?<br />
Software Quality :<br />
• Conformance to explicitly stated functional and<br />
performance requirements, explicitly documented<br />
development standards<br />
• Implicit characteristics, expected for professional<br />
developed software<br />
96) Define the terms :<br />
a) Quality of Design<br />
b) Quality of Conformance<br />
Quality of Design :<br />
• Characteristics, designer specify fro an item<br />
Quality of Conformance :<br />
• Degree to which design specifications are followed<br />
during manufacturing<br />
97) What are the Type of CASE Tools?<br />
Types of CASE Tools :-<br />
• Upper CASE Tools<br />
• Lower CASE Tools<br />
98) Define Software Reliability?<br />
Software Reliability :<br />
• Probability of failure-free operation of computer program<br />
in a specified environment for a specified time<br />
99) How the Registration process of ISO 9000 certification<br />
is done?<br />
• Registration process of ISO 9000 certification has the<br />
following stages<br />
1. application<br />
2. Pre-assessment<br />
3. Document Review and Adequacy of audit<br />
4. Compliance Audit<br />
5. Registration<br />
6. Continued Surveillance<br />
100) What are the Factors of Software Quality?<br />
Factors of Software Quality :<br />
• Portability<br />
• Usability<br />
• Reusability<br />
• Correctness<br />
• Maintainability<br />
Short Answers<br />
1. Define Software Engineering<br />
The establishment and use of sound engineering principles in order to obtain economically<br />
software that is reliable and works efficiently on real machines.<br />
2. Differentiate Software engineering methods, tools and procedures.<br />
Methods: Broad array of tasks like project planning, cost estimation etc..<br />
Tools: Automated or semi automated support for methods.<br />
Procedures : Holds the methods and tools together. It enables the timely development of<br />
computer software.<br />
3. Write the disadvantages of classic life cycle model.<br />
Disadvantages of classic life cycle model :<br />
(i) Real projects rarely follow sequential flow. Iteration always occurs and creates<br />
problem.<br />
(ii) Difficult for the customer to state all requirements<br />
(iii) Working version of the program is not available. So the customer must have patience.<br />
4. What do you mean by task set in spiral Model?<br />
Each of the regions in the spiral model is populated by a set of work tasks called a task set that<br />
are adopted to the characteristics of the project to be undertaken.<br />
5. What is the main objective of Win-Win Spiral Model?<br />
The customer and the developer enter into the process of negotiation where the customer may<br />
be asked to balance functionality ,performance and other product against cost and time to market.<br />
6. Which of the software engineering paradigms would be most effective? Why?<br />
Incremental / Spiral model will be most effective.<br />
Reasons:<br />
(i) It combines linear sequential model with iterative nature of prototyping<br />
(ii) Focuses on delivery of product at each increment<br />
(iii)Can be planned to manage technical risks.<br />
7. Who is called as the Stakeholder?<br />
Stakeholder is anyone in the organization who has a direct business interest in the system<br />
or product to be built.<br />
8. Write the objective of project planning ?<br />
It is to provide a framework that enables the manager to make reasonable estimates of<br />
resources, cost and schedule.<br />
9. What is Boot Strapping?<br />
A sequence of instructions whose execution causes additional instructions to be loaded and<br />
executed until the complete program is in storage.<br />
10. Write a short note on 4GT.<br />
Fourth Generation Technique. 4GT encompasses a broad array of software tools. Each tool<br />
enables the software developer to specify some characteristics of software at a higher level.<br />
11. What is FP ? How it is used for project estimation ?<br />
Function Point. It is used as the estimation variable to size the each element of the software. It<br />
requires considerably less detailed. Estimated indirectly by estimating te number of inputs,<br />
outputs, data files, external interfaces.<br />
12. What is LOC ? How it is used for project estimation?<br />
LOC : Lines of Code. It is used as estimation variable to size each element of the software. It<br />
requires considerable level of detail..<br />
13. Write the formula to calculate the effort in persons-months used in Dynamic multi variable<br />
Model?<br />
Software Equation :E=[LOC * B0.333/P]3 *(1/t4) Where E is effort in person-months, t is<br />
project duration, B is special skills factor, P is productivity parameter.<br />
14. What is called object points?<br />
It is an indirect software measure that is computed using counts of te number of screens,<br />
reports and components.<br />
15. What are the four different Degrees of Rigor ?<br />
Four different degrees of Rigor are<br />
Casual<br />
Structured<br />
Strict<br />
Quick reaction<br />
16. Write about Democratic Teams in software development. (Egoless Team)<br />
It is egoless team. All team members participate in all decisions. Group leadership rotates<br />
from member to member based on tasks to be performed.<br />
17. What are the two project scheduling methods ?<br />
PERT- Program Evaluation and Review Techniques<br />
CPM- Critical Path Method<br />
18. What is called support risk?<br />
The degree of uncertainty that the resultant software will be easy to correct , adapt and<br />
enhance.<br />
19. What is RMMM?<br />
Risk Mitigation, Monitoring and Management Plan. It is also called Risk Aversion.<br />
20. What are four impacts of the project risk?<br />
Catastrophic, Critical, Marginal, Negligible.<br />
21. List the tools or methods available for rapid prototyping.<br />
Rapid prototyping (Speed)<br />
(i) 4GT<br />
(ii) Resuable software components<br />
(iii) Formal specification and prototyping environments.<br />
22. What is the need for modularity ?<br />
Need for modularity: Easier to solve a complex problem. Can achieve reusability. Best effort<br />
and complexity reduces.<br />
23. What are the five criteria that are used in modularity?<br />
Modular Decomposability<br />
Modular composability<br />
Modular understandability<br />
Modular continuity<br />
Modular protection<br />
24. What is Software Architecture?<br />
The overall structure of the software and the ways in which that software provides conceptual<br />
integrity for the system.<br />
25. What are the models are used for Architectural design?<br />
Structural models<br />
Framework models<br />
Dynamic models<br />
Process models<br />
Functional models<br />
26. What is cohesion?<br />
It is a measure of the relative functional strength of a module. (Binding)<br />
27. What is Coupling?<br />
Measure of the relative interdependence among modules.<br />
(Measure of interconnection among modules in a software structure.)<br />
28. List the coupling factors.<br />
Interface complexity between modules<br />
Reference to the module<br />
Data pass across the interface.<br />
29. Define Stamp coupling.<br />
When a portion of the data structure is passed via the module interface , then it called<br />
stamp coupling.<br />
30. Define common coupling.<br />
When a number of modules reference a global data area, then the coupling is called<br />
common coupling.<br />
31. Define temporal cohesion.<br />
When a module contains tasks that are related by the fact that all must be executed with the<br />
same span of time, then it termed as temporal cohesion.<br />
32. Write a short note on structure charts.<br />
These are used in architectural design to document hierarchical structure, parameters and<br />
interconnections in a system. No Decision box . The chart can be augmented with module by<br />
module specifications of I/P and O/P parameters as well as I/P and O/P attributes.<br />
33. What do you mean by factoring?<br />
It is also called vertical partitioning. It follows Top-Down strategy. We can say that there<br />
are some top level modules and low level modules.<br />
Top level modules ---- Control functions ,actual processing work<br />
Low level modules ----Workers. Performing all input computation and<br />
output tasks.<br />
34. What is Aesthetics?<br />
Aesthetics : It is a science of art and beauty. These are fundamental to software design,<br />
whether in art or technology.<br />
Simplicity, Elegance(refinement), clarity of purpose.<br />
35. What do you mean by common coupling?<br />
Common coupling : When a number of modules reference a global data area , then the<br />
coupling is called common coupling.<br />
36. Write about Real Time Systems.<br />
It provides specified amount of computation with in fixed time intervals. RTS sense and<br />
control external devices, respond to external events and share processing time between tasks.<br />
37. Define Distributed system .<br />
It consists of a collection of nearly autonomous processors that communicate to achieve a<br />
coherent computing system.<br />
38. Compare Data Flow Oriented Design with data structure oriented design<br />
Data flow oriented design : Used to represent a system or software at any level of<br />
abstraction.<br />
Data Structure oriented design : It is used for representing information hierarchy using the<br />
three constructs for sequence, selection and repetition.<br />
39. Define Architectural Design and Data Design.<br />
Architectural Design : To develop a modular program structure and represent the relationships<br />
between modules.<br />
Data Design : To select the logical representations of data objects , data storage and the<br />
concepts of information hiding and data abstraction.<br />
40. What are the contents of HIPO diagrams?<br />
Visual table of contents, set of overview diagrams, set of detail diagrams.<br />
41. What are the aspects of software reuse.<br />
Software development with reuse<br />
Software development for reuse<br />
Generator based reuse<br />
Application system reuse<br />
42. Define Configuration Status Reporting .<br />
What happened ? Who did it?<br />
When it happened? What else will be affected?<br />
It is also called status accounting.<br />
43. What is the need for baseline?<br />
Need for Baseline :<br />
(i) Basis for further development<br />
(ii) Uses formal change control procedure for change<br />
(iii) Helps to control change<br />
44. Define SCM.<br />
It is an umbrella activity that is applied throughout software process. It has a set of tracking<br />
and control activities that begin when a software engineering project begins and terminates<br />
only when the software project is taken out of operation.<br />
45. List the SCM Activities.<br />
(i) Identify a change<br />
(ii) Control change<br />
(iii)Ensure that change is being properly implemented<br />
(iv)Report changes to others who may have an interest<br />
46. What is meant by software reusability?<br />
A software component should be designed and implemented so that it can be reused in many<br />
different programs.<br />
47. What is CASE ?<br />
CASE : Computer Aided Software Engineering<br />
CASE provides the engineer with the ability to automate manual activities and to improve engineering<br />
insight.<br />
48. Write the distinction between SCM and software support.<br />
SCM : It has a set of tracking and control activities that begin when a software engineering<br />
project begins and terminates only when the software project is taken out of operation.<br />
Software support : It has a set of software engineering activities that occur after software has<br />
been delivered to the customer and put into operation.<br />
49. What is he difference between basic objects and aggregate objects used in software configuration.<br />
Basic Objects : It represents unit of text. E.g Section of requirement specification, Source<br />
listing for a component<br />
Aggregate objects: Collection of basic objects. And other aggregate objects. E.g Full<br />
design specification<br />
50. What is configuration Audit?<br />
Has the change specified in ECO been made?<br />
Formal technical review been conducted?<br />
Software Engineering procedures for noting the change, recording it, reporting it been<br />
followed?<br />
SCI is updated?<br />
Essay Type Questions(in Brief)<br />
51. Explain Linear Sequential Model and prototyping model in detail<br />
Linear Sequential Model :<br />
Explanation, Diagram , Advantages, Disadvantages<br />
Prototyping model:<br />
Explanation, Diagram , Advantages, Disdvantages<br />
52. Explain Spiral model and win-win spiral model in detail. .<br />
Spiral Model :<br />
Six Task Regions : Customer Communication<br />
Planning<br />
Risk Analysis<br />
Engineering<br />
Construction and Release<br />
Customer Evaluation<br />
Diagram , Details of four circles<br />
Win-Win spiral model:<br />
The customer and the developer enter into the process of negotiation, where the<br />
customer may be asked to balance functionality,performance, and other product against<br />
cost and time to market.<br />
Activities, diagram ,explanation<br />
53. Explain incremental model in detail<br />
Explanation of increments in the stages of<br />
Analysis, Design, Code, Test.<br />
54. Discuss about fourth generation techniques.<br />
4GT :<br />
It encompasses a broad array of software tools. Each tool enables the software developer to<br />
specify some characteristics of software at a higher level.<br />
Explanations of : 4GT Tools<br />
4GT Paradigm<br />
Current state of 4GT approaches<br />
55. Explain the Activities of Project Planning<br />
Software scope with an example (Conveyor Line Sorting System)<br />
Resources<br />
Hardware/ Software Tools<br />
56. Explain the cost estimation procedure using COCOMO Model.<br />
It is algorithmic cost model. (One of the Empirical estimation model)<br />
COCOMO Model: 10 steps<br />
3 different sizing options<br />
Explanation<br />
57. Explain the following:<br />
(i) Delphi Cost Estimation<br />
(ii) Putnam Estimation model<br />
(iii) Decomposition approach<br />
Ans :<br />
(i) Delphi cost estimation<br />
Procedures to calculate<br />
(ii) Putnam estimation model (Dynamic multi variable model)<br />
Explanation of the software equation<br />
(iii) Decomposition approach<br />
Write an algorithm<br />
58. Explain the organizational structure of the software development.<br />
Explanations of<br />
Project structure<br />
Programming team structure<br />
Management by objectives.<br />
59. Explain the process of ‘ Risk Analysis and Management.’<br />
Risk Identification<br />
Risk Estimation<br />
Risk Assessment<br />
Risk Management and Monitoring<br />
Risk Refinement<br />
60. Explain the following (i) Software requirement specification.<br />
(ii) Specification Review<br />
Ans :<br />
(i) Software Requirement Specification :<br />
Information Description<br />
Functional Description<br />
Behavioral Description<br />
Validation criteria<br />
Bibliography and appendix<br />
Preliminary user’s manual<br />
(ii)Specification Review : Explanation<br />
61. Explain the types of coupling and cohesion.<br />
Coupling : Measure of the relative interdependence among modules.<br />
Types: Data coupling , Stamp coupling, control coupling, External coupling,<br />
Common coupling, Content coupling<br />
Cohesion : It is a measure of the relative functional strength of a module.<br />
Types: Coincidentally cohesive, Logically cohesive, Temporal cohesion,<br />
procedureal cohesion, communicational cohesion, High cohesion, sequential cohesion.<br />
62. Explain the various software design concepts<br />
Explanations of Abstraction, Refinement, Modualrity, Software Architecture , Control<br />
hierarchy, Structural partitioning, Data structure , Software procedure , Information hiding,<br />
Verification, Aesthetics.<br />
63. Explain Software Design Documentation in detail.<br />
Design Documentation :<br />
(Explanation of the following items and sub items )<br />
Scope<br />
Reference Documents<br />
Design Description<br />
Modules<br />
File Structure and global data<br />
Requirements Cross Reference<br />
Test provisions<br />
Packaging<br />
Special Notes<br />
Appendices<br />
64. Discuss the design procedure for Real time and distributed system software.<br />
Real Time and distributed system design :<br />
Real Time systems : It must provide specified amounts of computation within fixed time intervals. (Explanation)<br />
Distributed system : It consists of a collection of nearly autonomous processors that<br />
communicate to achieve a coherent computing system.<br />
(Explanation)<br />
65. Explain Jackson system development with an example.<br />
Steps are : Entity Action step<br />
Entity Structure step<br />
Initial modeling step<br />
Function step<br />
System Timing step<br />
Implementation step<br />
Example : University with two campuses.<br />
66. Explain Software Design Notations<br />
Explanations of<br />
Data Flow diagram , Structure charts, HIPO diagrams, procedure template, pseudocode,<br />
structured flow chart, Structured English, Decision tables.<br />
67. Explain Data Flow Oriented design in detail.<br />
The objective of this design is to provide a systematic approach for the derivation of program structure.<br />
Design and information flow<br />
Design process considerations<br />
(Atleast one of the following with an example)<br />
Tranform flow and analysis<br />
Transaction flow and analysis<br />
68. Explain programming standards in detail<br />
Explanation of all standards.<br />
69. What is software reuse? Explain the various aspects of software reuse.<br />
A software component should be designed and implemented so that it can be reused in many<br />
different programs.<br />
Explanation of Aspects :<br />
Software development with reuse<br />
Software development for reuse<br />
Generator based reuse<br />
Application system reuse<br />
70. Describe the various software configuration management tasks in detail.<br />
Brief explanations of<br />
SCM Definition<br />
Activities<br />
Process<br />
Baselines<br />
Software Configuration Items<br />
Identification of objects<br />
Version control<br />
Change control<br />
Configuration Audit<br />
Status reporting<br />
71. Write notes on Version Control and Change control<br />
Version control : Description<br />
Representations : (Evolution graph, Object Pool)<br />
Change control : Description<br />
Process of change control<br />
72. What are CASE tools and their usage in Software Engineering ? Discuss each tool in brief.<br />
Business process Engineering tools<br />
Process modeling and management tools<br />
Project planning tools<br />
Risk Analysis tools<br />
Project management tools<br />
Requirements tracing tools<br />
Documentation tools<br />
System software tools<br />
Quality Assurance tools<br />
Database management tools<br />
Software configuration management tools<br />
Analysis and design tools<br />
PRO/SIM tools<br />
Interface design and development tools<br />
Prototyping tools<br />
Programming tools<br />
Web development tools<br />
Integration and testing tools<br />
Static Analysis tools<br />
Dynamic analysis tools<br />
Test management tools<br />
Client/Server testing tools<br />
Re-Engineering tools<br />
73. Explain Integrated CASE Environment in detail.<br />
Explanations of<br />
Integrated CASE Environment<br />
Benefits<br />
Integration Architecture<br />
74. Explain CASE repository in detail<br />
Definition<br />
Functions<br />
Features and content<br />
DBMS features.<br />
Special features of CASE<br />
Repository features.<br />
75. Explain Building blocks for CASE<br />
CASE Tools<br />
Integrated framework<br />
Portability services<br />
Operating system<br />
Hardware platform<br />
Environment Architecture<br />
<div><br />
</div></div>Anonymoushttp://www.blogger.com/profile/17584789907165764161noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-373343443959566174.post-75917301938651275902012-03-21T13:01:00.000-07:002012-03-21T13:01:49.618-07:00System Software And Operating System Important Objective Questions-1<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on"><b><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #3d85c6;">OBJECTIVE TYPE QUESTIONS</span></b><br />
<b><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #3d85c6;">Each Question carries 2 marks.</span></b><br />
<b><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #3d85c6;">Choose correct or the best alternative in the following:</span></b><br />
<b><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #3d85c6;">Q.1 Translator for low level programming language were termed as</span></b><br />
<b><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #3d85c6;">(A) Assembler (B) Compiler</span></b><br />
<b><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #3d85c6;">(C) Linker (D) Loader</span></b><br />
<b><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #3d85c6;">Ans: (A)</span></b><br />
<b><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #3d85c6;">Q.2 Analysis which determines the meaning of a statement once its grammatical structure</span></b><br />
<b><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #3d85c6;">becomes known is termed as</span></b><br />
<b><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #3d85c6;">(A) Semantic analysis (B) Syntax analysis</span></b><br />
<b><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #3d85c6;">(C) Regular analysis (D) General analysis</span></b><br />
<b><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #3d85c6;">Ans: (A)</span></b><br />
<b><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #3d85c6;">Q.3 Load address for the first word of the program is called</span></b><br />
<b><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #3d85c6;">(A) Linker address origin (B) load address origin</span></b><br />
<b><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #3d85c6;">(C) Phase library (D) absolute library</span></b><br />
<b><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #3d85c6;">Ans: (B)</span></b><br />
<b><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #3d85c6;">Q.4 Symbolic names can be associated with</span></b><br />
<b><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #3d85c6;">(A) Information (B) data or instruction</span></b><br />
<b><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #3d85c6;">(C) operand (D) mnemonic operation</span></b><br />
<b><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #3d85c6;">Ans: (B)</span></b><br />
<b><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #3d85c6;">Q.5 The translator which perform macro expansion is called a</span></b><br />
<b><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #3d85c6;">(A) Macro processor (B) Macro pre-processor</span></b><br />
<b><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #3d85c6;">(C) Micro pre-processor (D) assembler</span></b><br />
<b><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #3d85c6;">Ans: (B)</span></b><br />
<b><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #3d85c6;">Q.6 Shell is the exclusive feature of</span></b><br />
<b><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #3d85c6;">(A) UNIX (B) DOS</span></b><br />
<b><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #3d85c6;">(C) System software (D) Application software</span></b><br />
<b><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #3d85c6;">Ans: (A)</span></b><br />
<b><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #3d85c6;">Q.7 A program in execution is called</span></b><br />
<b><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #3d85c6;">(A) Process (B) Instruction</span></b><br />
<b><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #3d85c6;">(C) Procedure (D) Function</span></b><br />
<b><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #3d85c6;">DC14 System Software and Operating System</span></b><br />
<b><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #3d85c6;">Ans: (A)</span></b><br />
<b><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #3d85c6;">Q.8 Interval between the time of submission and completion of the job is</span></b><br />
<b><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #3d85c6;">called</span></b><br />
<b><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #3d85c6;">(A) Waiting time (B) Turnaround time</span></b><br />
<b><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #3d85c6;">(C) Throughput (D) Response time</span></b><br />
<b><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #3d85c6;">Ans: (B)</span></b><br />
<b><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #3d85c6;">Q.9 A scheduler which selects processes from secondary storage device is</span></b><br />
<b><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #3d85c6;">called</span></b><br />
<b><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #3d85c6;">(A) Short term scheduler. (B) Long term scheduler.</span></b><br />
<b><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #3d85c6;">(C) Medium term scheduler. (D) Process scheduler.</span></b><br />
<b><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #3d85c6;">Ans: (C)</span></b><br />
<b><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #3d85c6;">Q.10 The scheduling in which CPU is allocated to the process with least CPU-burst time</span></b><br />
<b><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #3d85c6;">is called</span></b><br />
<b><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #3d85c6;">(A) Priority Scheduling (B) Shortest job first Scheduling</span></b><br />
<b><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #3d85c6;">(C) Round Robin Scheduling (D) Multilevel Queue Scheduling</span></b><br />
<b><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #3d85c6;">Ans: (B)</span></b><br />
<b><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #3d85c6;">Q.11 The term ‘page traffic’ describes</span></b><br />
<b><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #3d85c6;">(A) number of pages in memory at a given instant.</span></b><br />
<b><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #3d85c6;">(B) number of papers required to be brought in at a given page request.</span></b><br />
<b><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #3d85c6;">(C) the movement of pages in and out of memory.</span></b><br />
<b><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #3d85c6;">(D) number of pages of executing programs loaded in memory.</span></b><br />
<b><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #3d85c6;">Ans: (C)</span></b><br />
<b><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #3d85c6;">Q.12 The “turn-around” time of a user job is the</span></b><br />
<b><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #3d85c6;">(A) time since its submission to the time its results become available.</span></b><br />
<b><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #3d85c6;">(B) time duration for which the CPU is allotted to the job.</span></b><br />
<b><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #3d85c6;">(C) total time taken to execute the job.</span></b><br />
<b><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #3d85c6;">(D) time taken for the job to move from assembly phase to completion phase.</span></b><br />
<b><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #3d85c6;">Ans: (C)</span></b><br />
<b><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #3d85c6;">Q.13 Which of the following can be used as a criterion for classification of data</span></b><br />
<b><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #3d85c6;">structures used in language processing.</span></b><br />
<b><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #3d85c6;">(A) nature of a data structure (B) purpose of a data structure</span></b><br />
<b><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #3d85c6;">(C) lifetime of a data structure (D) all of the above.</span></b><br />
<b><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #3d85c6;">Ans: (D)</span></b><br />
<b><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #3d85c6;">Q.14 Memory utilization factor shall be computed as follows</span></b><br />
<b><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #3d85c6;">(A) memory in use/allocated memory.</span></b><br />
<b><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #3d85c6;">(B) memory in use/total memory connected.</span></b><br />
<b><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #3d85c6;">(C) memory allocated/free existing memory.</span></b><br />
<b><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #3d85c6;">(D) memory committed/total memory available.</span></b><br />
<b><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #3d85c6;">DC14 System Software and Operating System</span></b><br />
<b><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #3d85c6;">Ans: (B)</span></b><br />
<b><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #3d85c6;">Q.15 Program ‘preemption’ is</span></b><br />
<b><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #3d85c6;">(A) forced de allocation of the CPU from a program which is executing on the</span></b><br />
<b><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #3d85c6;">CPU.</span></b><br />
<b><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #3d85c6;">(B) release of CPU by the program after completing its task.</span></b><br />
<b><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #3d85c6;">(C) forced allotment of CPU by a program to itself.</span></b><br />
<b><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #3d85c6;">(D) a program terminating itself due to detection of an error.</span></b><br />
<b><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #3d85c6;">Ans: (A)</span></b><br />
<b><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #3d85c6;">Q.16 An assembler is</span></b><br />
<b><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #3d85c6;">(A) programming language dependent.</span></b><br />
<b><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #3d85c6;">(B) syntax dependant.</span></b><br />
<b><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #3d85c6;">(C) machine dependant.</span></b><br />
<b><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #3d85c6;">(D) data dependant.</span></b><br />
<b><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #3d85c6;">Ans: (C)</span></b><br />
<b><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #3d85c6;">Q.17 Which of the following is not a fundamental process state</span></b><br />
<b><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #3d85c6;">(A) ready (B) terminated</span></b><br />
<b><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #3d85c6;">(C) executing (D) blocked</span></b><br />
<b><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #3d85c6;">Ans: (D)</span></b><br />
<b><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #3d85c6;">Q.18 ‘LRU’ page replacement policy is</span></b><br />
<b><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #3d85c6;">(A) Last Replaced Unit. (B) Last Restored Unit.</span></b><br />
<b><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #3d85c6;">(C) Least Recently Used. (D) Least Required Unit.</span></b><br />
<b><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #3d85c6;">Ans: (C)</span></b><br />
<b><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #3d85c6;">Q.19 Which of the following is true?</span></b><br />
<b><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #3d85c6;">(A) Block cipher technique is an encryption technique.</span></b><br />
<b><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #3d85c6;">(B) Steam cipher technique is an encryption technique.</span></b><br />
<b><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #3d85c6;">(C) Both (A) and (B).</span></b><br />
<b><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #3d85c6;">(D) Neither of (A) and (B).</span></b><br />
<b><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #3d85c6;">Ans: (C)</span></b><br />
<b><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #3d85c6;">Q.20 Which of the following approaches do not require knowledge of the system state?</span></b><br />
<b><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #3d85c6;">(A) deadlock detection. (B) deadlock prevention.</span></b><br />
<b><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #3d85c6;">(C) deadlock avoidance. (D) none of the above.</span></b><br />
<b><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #3d85c6;">Ans: (D)</span></b><br />
<b><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #3d85c6;">Q.21 Program generation activity aims at</span></b><br />
<b><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #3d85c6;">(A) Automatic generation of program</span></b><br />
<b><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #3d85c6;">(B) Organize execution of a program written in PL</span></b><br />
<b><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #3d85c6;">(C) Skips generation of program</span></b><br />
<b><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #3d85c6;">(D) Speedens generation of program</span></b><br />
<b><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #3d85c6;">DC14 System Software and Operating System</span></b><br />
<b><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #3d85c6;">Ans: (A)</span></b><br />
<b><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #3d85c6;">Q.22 Which amongst the following is not an advantage of Distributed systems?</span></b><br />
<b><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #3d85c6;">(A) Reliability (B) Incremental growth</span></b><br />
<b><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #3d85c6;">(C) Resource sharing (D) None of the above</span></b><br />
<b><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #3d85c6;">Ans: (A)</span></b><br />
<b><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #3d85c6;">Q.23 An imperative statement</span></b><br />
<b><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #3d85c6;">(A) Reserves areas of memory and associates names with them</span></b><br />
<b><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #3d85c6;">(B) Indicates an action to be performed during execution of assembled program</span></b><br />
<b><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #3d85c6;">(C) Indicates an action to be performed during optimization</span></b><br />
<b><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #3d85c6;">(D) None of the above</span></b><br />
<b><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #3d85c6;">Ans: (B)</span></b><br />
<b><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #3d85c6;">Q.24 Which of the following loader is executed when a system is first turned on or</span></b><br />
<b><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #3d85c6;">restarted</span></b><br />
<b><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #3d85c6;">(A) Boot loader (B) Compile and Go loader</span></b><br />
<b><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #3d85c6;">(C) Bootstrap loader (D) Relating loader</span></b><br />
<b><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #3d85c6;">Ans: (C)</span></b><br />
<b><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #3d85c6;">Q.25 Poor response time is usually caused by</span></b><br />
<b><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #3d85c6;">(A) Process busy</span></b><br />
<b><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #3d85c6;">(B) High I/O rates</span></b><br />
<b><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #3d85c6;">(C) High paging rates</span></b><br />
<b><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #3d85c6;">(D) Any of the above</span></b><br />
<b><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #3d85c6;">Ans: (D)</span></b><br />
<b><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #3d85c6;">Q.26 “Throughput” of a system is</span></b><br />
<b><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #3d85c6;">(A) Number of programs processed by it per unit time</span></b><br />
<b><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #3d85c6;">(B) Number of times the program is invoked by the system</span></b><br />
<b><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #3d85c6;">(C) Number of requests made to a program by the system</span></b><br />
<b><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #3d85c6;">(D) None of the above</span></b><br />
<b><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #3d85c6;">Ans: (A)</span></b><br />
<b><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #3d85c6;">Q.27 The “blocking factor” of a file is</span></b><br />
<b><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #3d85c6;">(A) The number of blocks accessible to a file</span></b><br />
<b><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #3d85c6;">(B) The number of blocks allocated to a file</span></b><br />
<b><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #3d85c6;">(C) The number of logical records in one physical record</span></b><br />
<b><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #3d85c6;">(D) None of the above</span></b><br />
<b><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #3d85c6;">Ans: (C)</span></b><br />
<b><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #3d85c6;">Q.28 Which of these is a component of a process precedence sequence?</span></b><br />
<b><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #3d85c6;">(A) Process name (B) Sequence operator ‘;’</span></b><br />
<b><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #3d85c6;">(C) Concurrency operator ‘,’ (D) All of the above</span></b><br />
<b><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #3d85c6;">DC14 System Software and Operating System</span></b><br />
<b><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #3d85c6;">Ans: (D)</span></b><br />
<b><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #3d85c6;">Q.29 Which amongst the following is valid syntax of the Fork and Join Primitive?</span></b><br />
<b><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #3d85c6;">(A) Fork <label> (B) Fork <label></span></b><br />
<b><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #3d85c6;">Join <var> Join <label></span></b><br />
<b><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #3d85c6;">(C) For <var> (D) Fork <var></span></b><br />
<b><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #3d85c6;">Join <var> join <var></span></b><br />
<b><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #3d85c6;">Ans: (A)</span></b><br />
<b><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #3d85c6;">Q.30 Nested Macro calls are expanded using the</span></b><br />
<b><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #3d85c6;">(A) FIFO rule (First in first out) (B) LIFO (Last in First out)</span></b><br />
<b><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #3d85c6;">(C) FILO rule (First in last out) (D) None of the above</span></b><br />
<b><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #3d85c6;">Ans: (B)</span></b><br />
<b><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #3d85c6;">Q.31 A parser which is a variant of top-down parsing without backtracking is</span></b><br />
<b><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #3d85c6;">(A) Recursive Descend. (B) Operator Precedence.</span></b><br />
<b><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #3d85c6;">(C) LL(1) parser. (D) LALR Parser.</span></b><br />
<b><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #3d85c6;">Ans: (A)</span></b><br />
<b><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #3d85c6;">Q.32 The expansion of nested macro calls follows</span></b><br />
<b><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #3d85c6;">(A) FIFO rule. (B) LIFO rule.</span></b><br />
<b><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #3d85c6;">(C) LILO rule. (D) priority rule.</span></b><br />
<b><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #3d85c6;">Ans: (B)</span></b><br />
<b><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #3d85c6;">Q.33. In a two-pass assembler, the task of the Pass II is to</span></b><br />
<b><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #3d85c6;">(A) separate the symbol, mnemonic opcode and operand</span></b><br />
<b><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #3d85c6;">fields.</span></b><br />
<b><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #3d85c6;">(B) build the symbol table.</span></b><br />
<b><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #3d85c6;">(C) construct intermediate code.</span></b><br />
<b><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #3d85c6;">(D) synthesize the target program.</span></b><br />
<b><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #3d85c6;">Ans: (D)</span></b><br />
<b><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #3d85c6;">Q.34 A linker program</span></b><br />
<b><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #3d85c6;">(A) places the program in the memory for the purpose of execution.</span></b><br />
<b><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #3d85c6;">(B) relocates the program to execute from the specific memory area</span></b><br />
<b><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #3d85c6;">allocated to it.</span></b><br />
<b><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #3d85c6;">(C) links the program with other programs needed for its execution.</span></b><br />
<b><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #3d85c6;">(D) interfaces the program with the entities generating its input data.</span></b><br />
<b><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #3d85c6;">Ans: (C)</span></b><br />
<b><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #3d85c6;">Q.35 Which scheduling policy is most suitable for a time-shared operating system</span></b><br />
<b><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #3d85c6;">(A) Shortest-job First. (B) Elevator.</span></b><br />
<b><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #3d85c6;">(C) Round-Robin. (D) First-Come-First-Serve.</span></b><br />
<b><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #3d85c6;">Ans: (C)</span></b><br />
<b><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #3d85c6;">DC14 System Software and Operating System</span></b><br />
<b><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #3d85c6;">Q.36 A critical section is a program segment</span></b><br />
<b><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #3d85c6;">(A) which should run in a certain specified amount of time.</span></b><br />
<b><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #3d85c6;">(B) which avoids deadlocks.</span></b><br />
<b><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #3d85c6;">(C) where shared resources are accessed.</span></b><br />
<b><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #3d85c6;">(D) which must be enclosed by a pair of semaphore operations, P and V.</span></b><br />
<b><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #3d85c6;">Ans: (C)</span></b><br />
<b><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #3d85c6;">Q.37 An operating system contains 3 user processes each requiring 2 units of resource</span></b><br />
<b><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #3d85c6;">R .The minimum number of units of R such that no deadlocks will ever arise is</span></b><br />
<b><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #3d85c6;">(A) 4. (B) 3.</span></b><br />
<b><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #3d85c6;">(C) 5. (D) 6.</span></b><br />
<b><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #3d85c6;">Ans: (A)</span></b><br />
<b><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #3d85c6;">Q.38 Locality of reference implies that the page reference being made by a process</span></b><br />
<b><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #3d85c6;">(A) will always be to the page used in the previous page reference.</span></b><br />
<b><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #3d85c6;">(B) is likely to be the one of the pages used in the last few page references.</span></b><br />
<b><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #3d85c6;">(C) will always be to one of the pages existing in memory.</span></b><br />
<b><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #3d85c6;">(D)will always lead to a page fault.</span></b><br />
<b><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #3d85c6;">Ans: (B)</span></b><br />
<b><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #3d85c6;">Q.39 Which of these is not a part of Synthesis phase</span></b><br />
<b><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #3d85c6;">(A) Obtain machine code corresponding to the mnemonic from the</span></b><br />
<b><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #3d85c6;">Mnemonics table</span></b><br />
<b><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #3d85c6;">(B) Obtain address of a memory operand from the symbol table</span></b><br />
<b><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #3d85c6;">(C) Perform LC processing</span></b><br />
<b><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #3d85c6;">(D) Synthesize a machine instruction or the machine form of a constant</span></b><br />
<b><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #3d85c6;">Ans: (C)</span></b><br />
<b><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #3d85c6;">Q.40 The syntax of the assembler directive EQU is</span></b><br />
<b><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #3d85c6;">(A) EQU <address space> (B) <symbol>EQU<address space></span></b><br />
<b><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #3d85c6;">(C) <symbol>EQU (D) None of the above</span></b><br />
<b><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #3d85c6;">Ans: (B)</span></b><br />
<b><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #3d85c6;">Q.41 The following features are needed to implement top down parsing</span></b><br />
<b><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #3d85c6;">(A) Source string marker</span></b><br />
<b><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #3d85c6;">(B) Prediction making mechanism</span></b><br />
<b><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #3d85c6;">(C) Matching and Backtracking mechanism</span></b><br />
<b><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #3d85c6;">(D) All of the above</span></b><br />
<b><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #3d85c6;">Ans: (D)</span></b><br />
<b><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #3d85c6;">Q.42 A macro definition consists of</span></b><br />
<b><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #3d85c6;">(A) A macro prototype statement (B) One or more model statements</span></b><br />
<b><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #3d85c6;">(C) Macro pre-processor statements (D) All of the above</span></b><br />
<b><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #3d85c6;">DC14 System Software and Operating System</span></b><br />
<b><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #3d85c6;">Ans: (D)</span></b><br />
<b><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #3d85c6;">Q.43 The main reason to encrypt a file is to ______________.</span></b><br />
<b><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #3d85c6;">(A) Reduce its size (B) Secure it for transmission</span></b><br />
<b><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #3d85c6;">(C) Prepare it for backup (D) Include it in the start-up sequence</span></b><br />
<b><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #3d85c6;">Ans: (B)</span></b><br />
<b><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #3d85c6;">Q.44 Which of the following is not a key piece of information, stored in single page table</span></b><br />
<b><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #3d85c6;">entry, assuming pure paging and virtual memory</span></b><br />
<b><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #3d85c6;">(A) Frame number</span></b><br />
<b><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #3d85c6;">(B) A bit indicating whether the page is in physical memory or on the disk</span></b><br />
<b><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #3d85c6;">(C) A reference for the disk block that stores the page</span></b><br />
<b><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #3d85c6;">(D) None of the above</span></b><br />
<b><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #3d85c6;">Ans: (C)</span></b><br />
<b><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #3d85c6;">Q.45 A UNIX device driver is</span></b><br />
<b><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #3d85c6;">(A) Structured into two halves called top half and bottom half</span></b><br />
<b><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #3d85c6;">(B) Three equal partitions</span></b><br />
<b><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #3d85c6;">(C) Unstructured</span></b><br />
<b><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #3d85c6;">(D) None of the above</span></b><br />
<b><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #3d85c6;">Ans: (A)</span></b><br />
<b><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #3d85c6;">Q.46 The following is not a layer of IO management module</span></b><br />
<b><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #3d85c6;">(A) PIOCS (Physical Input Output Control System)</span></b><br />
<b><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #3d85c6;">(B) LIOCS (Logical Input Output Control System)</span></b><br />
<b><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #3d85c6;">(C) FS (File System)</span></b><br />
<b><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #3d85c6;">(D) MCS (Management Control System)</span></b><br />
<b><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #3d85c6;">Ans: (D)</span></b><br />
<b><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #3d85c6;">Q.47 Which amongst the following is not a valid page replacement policy?</span></b><br />
<b><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #3d85c6;">(A) LRU policy (Least Recently Used)</span></b><br />
<b><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #3d85c6;">(B) FIFO policy (First in first out)</span></b><br />
<b><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #3d85c6;">(C) RU policy (Recurrently used)</span></b><br />
<b><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #3d85c6;">(D) Optimal page replacement policy</span></b><br />
<b><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #3d85c6;">Ans: (C)</span></b><br />
<b><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #3d85c6;">Q.48 Consider a program with a linked origin of 5000. Let the memory area allocated to it</span></b><br />
<b><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #3d85c6;">have the start address of 70000. Which amongst the following will be the value</span></b><br />
<b><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #3d85c6;">to be loaded in relocation register?</span></b><br />
<b><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #3d85c6;">(A) 20000 (B) 50000</span></b><br />
<b><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #3d85c6;">(C) 70000 (D) 90000</span></b><br />
<b><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #3d85c6;">Ans: (None of the above choice in correct. )</span></b><br />
<b><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #3d85c6;">Q.49 An assembly language is a</span></b><br />
<b><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #3d85c6;">(A) low level programming language</span></b><br />
<b><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #3d85c6;">DC14 System Software and Operating System</span></b><br />
<b><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #3d85c6;">(B) Middle level programming language</span></b><br />
<b><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #3d85c6;">(C) High level programming language</span></b><br />
<b><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #3d85c6;">(D) Internet based programming language</span></b><br />
<b><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #3d85c6;">Ans: (A)</span></b><br />
<b><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #3d85c6;">Q.50 TII stands for</span></b><br />
<b><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #3d85c6;">(A) Table of incomplete instructions</span></b><br />
<b><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #3d85c6;">(B) table of information instructions</span></b><br />
<b><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #3d85c6;">(C) translation of instructions information</span></b><br />
<b><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #3d85c6;">(D) translation of information instruction</span></b><br />
<b><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #3d85c6;">Ans: (A)</span></b></div>Anonymoushttp://www.blogger.com/profile/17584789907165764161noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-373343443959566174.post-20373019049367125082012-03-21T12:36:00.000-07:002012-03-21T12:36:33.586-07:00Data Structure Important Objective Type Question<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on"> <b><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #3d85c6;">Data Structure : Important Objective Type Questions</span></b><br />
<b><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #3d85c6;"><u><br />
</u></span></b><br />
<b><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #3d85c6;"></span></b><br />
<div class="WordSection1"><div style="text-decoration: underline;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #3d85c6; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: 19px; font-weight: 800;"> </span></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0in;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #3d85c6; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: 19px; font-weight: 800;"></span></span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #3d85c6; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;">OBJECTIVE TYPE QUESTIONS</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #3d85c6; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;">Each Question carries 2 marks.</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #3d85c6; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;">Q.1 If h is any hashing function and is used to hash n keys in to a table of size m, where n<=m, the</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #3d85c6; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;">expected number of collisions involving a particular key x is :</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #3d85c6; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;">(A) less than 1. (B) less than n.</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #3d85c6; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;">(C) less than m. (D) less than n/2.</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #3d85c6; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;">Ans:A</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #3d85c6; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;">Q.2 Let A be an adjacency matrix of a graph G. The th ij entry in the matrix K A , gives</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #3d85c6; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;">(A) The number of paths of length K from vertex Vi to vertex Vj.</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #3d85c6; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;">(B) Shortest path of K edges from vertex Vi to vertex Vj.</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #3d85c6; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;">(C) Length of a Eulerian path from vertex Vi to vertex Vj.</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #3d85c6; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;">(D) Length of a Hamiltonian cycle from vertex Vi to vertex Vj.</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #3d85c6; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;">Ans:B</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #3d85c6; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;">Q.3 The OS of a computer may periodically collect all the free memory space to form contiguous</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #3d85c6; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;">block of free space. This is called</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #3d85c6; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;">(A) Concatenation (B) Garbage collection</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #3d85c6; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;">(C) Collision (D) Dynamic Memory Allocation</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #3d85c6; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;">Ans:B</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #3d85c6; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;">Q.4 What is the following code segment doing?</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #3d85c6; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;">void fn( ){</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #3d85c6; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;">char c;</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #3d85c6; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;">cin.get(c);</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #3d85c6; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;">if (c != ‘\n’) {</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #3d85c6; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;">fn( );</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #3d85c6; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;">cout.put(c);</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #3d85c6; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;">}</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #3d85c6; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;">}</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #3d85c6; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;">(A) The string entered is printed as it is.</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #3d85c6; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;">(B) The string entered is printed in reverse order.</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #3d85c6; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;">(C) It will go in an infinite loop.</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #3d85c6; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;">(D) It will print an empty line.</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #3d85c6; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;">Ans:B</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #3d85c6; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;">Q.5 You have to sort a list L consisting of a sorted list followed by a few “random” elements.</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #3d85c6; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;">Which of the following sorting methods would be especially suitable for such a task?</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #3d85c6; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;">(A) Bubble sort (B) Selection sort</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #3d85c6; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;">(C) Quick sort (D) Insertion sort</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #3d85c6; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;">Ans:D</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #3d85c6; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;">Q.6 B Trees are generally</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #3d85c6; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;">(A) very deep and narrow (B) very wide and shallow</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #3d85c6; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;">(C) very deep and very wide (D) cannot say</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #3d85c6; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;">Ans:D</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #3d85c6; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;">Q.7 A technique for direct search is</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #3d85c6; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;">(A) Binary Search (B) Linear Search</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #3d85c6; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;">(C) Tree Search (D) Hashing</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #3d85c6; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;">Ans:D</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #3d85c6; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;">Q.8 If a node having two children is deleted from a binary tree, it is replaced by its</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #3d85c6; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;">(A) Inorder predecessor (B) Inorder successor</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #3d85c6; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;">(C) Preorder predecessor (D) None of the above</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #3d85c6; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;">Ans:B</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #3d85c6; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;">Q.9 The searching technique that takes O (1) time to find a data is</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #3d85c6; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;">(A) Linear Search (B) Binary Search</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #3d85c6; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;">(C) Hashing (D) Tree Search</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #3d85c6; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;">Ans:C</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #3d85c6; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;">Q.10 A mathematical-model with a collection of operations defined on that model is called</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #3d85c6; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;">(A) Data Structure (B) Abstract Data Type</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #3d85c6; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;">(C) Primitive Data Type (D) Algorithm</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #3d85c6; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;">Ans:B</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #3d85c6; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;">Q.11 The number of interchanges required to sort 5, 1, 6, 2 4 in ascending order using Bubble Sort</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #3d85c6; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;">is</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #3d85c6; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;">(A) 6 (B) 5</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #3d85c6; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;">(C) 7 (D) 8</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #3d85c6; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;">Ans:B</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #3d85c6; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;">Q.12 The postfix form of the expression (A+ B)*(C*D- E)*F / G is</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #3d85c6; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;">(A) AB+ CD*E - FG /** (B) AB + CD* E - F **G /</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #3d85c6; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;">(C) AB + CD* E - *F *G / (D) AB + CDE * - * F *G /</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #3d85c6; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;">Ans: A</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #3d85c6; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;">Q.13 The complexity of multiplying two matrices of order m*n and n*p is</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #3d85c6; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;">(A) mnp (B) mp</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #3d85c6; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;">(C) mn (D) np</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #3d85c6; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;">Ans:A</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #3d85c6; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;">Q.14 Merging 4 sorted files containing 50, 10, 25 and 15 records will take____time</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #3d85c6; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;">(A) O (100) (B) O (200)</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #3d85c6; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;">(C) O (175) (D) O (125)</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #3d85c6; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;">Ans:A</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #3d85c6; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;">Q.15 For an undirected graph with n vertices and e edges, the sum of the degree of each vertex is</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #3d85c6; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;">equal to</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #3d85c6; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;">(A) 2n (B) (2n-1)/2</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #3d85c6; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;">(C) 2e (D) e2/2</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #3d85c6; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;">Ans:C</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #3d85c6; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;">Q.16 In worst case Quick Sort has order</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #3d85c6; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;">(A) O (n log n) (B) O (n2/2)</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #3d85c6; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;">(C) O (log n) (D) O (n2/4)</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #3d85c6; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;">Ans:B</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #3d85c6; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;">Q.17 A full binary tree with 2n+1 nodes contain</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #3d85c6; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;">(A) n leaf nodes (B) n non-leaf nodes</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #3d85c6; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;">(C) n-1 leaf nodes (D) n-1 non-leaf nodes</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #3d85c6; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;">Ans:B</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #3d85c6; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;">Q.18 If a node in a BST has two children, then its inorder predecessor has</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #3d85c6; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;">(A) no left child (B) no right child</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #3d85c6; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;">(C) two children (D) no child</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #3d85c6; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;">Ans:B</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #3d85c6; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;">Q.19 A binary tree in which if all its levels except possibly the last, have the maximum number of</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #3d85c6; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;">nodes and all the nodes at the last level appear as far left as possible, is known as</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #3d85c6; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;">(A) full binary tree. (B) AVL tree.</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #3d85c6; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;">(C) threaded tree. (D) complete binary tree.</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #3d85c6; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;">Ans:A</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #3d85c6; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;">Q.20 A linear list of elements in which deletion can be done from one end (front) and insertion</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #3d85c6; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;">can take place only at the other end (rear) is known as a</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #3d85c6; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;">(A) queue. (B) stack.</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #3d85c6; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;">(C) tree. (D) linked list.</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #3d85c6; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;">Ans:A</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #3d85c6; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;">Q.21 What is the postfix form of the following prefix expression -A/B*C$DE</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #3d85c6; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;">(A) ABCDE$*/- (B) A-BCDE$*/-</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #3d85c6; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;">(C) ABC$ED*/- (D) A-BCDE$*/</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #3d85c6; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;">Ans:A</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #3d85c6; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;">Q.22 A full binary tree with n leaves contains</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #3d85c6; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;">(A) n nodes. (B) log n 2 nodes.</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #3d85c6; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;">(C) 2n –1 nodes. (D) n 2 nodes.</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #3d85c6; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;">Ans:C</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #3d85c6; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;">Q.23 A sort which relatively passes through a list to exchange the first element with any element</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #3d85c6; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;">less than it and then repeats with a new first element is called</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #3d85c6; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;">(A) insertion sort. (B) selection sort.</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #3d85c6; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;">(C) heap sort. (D) quick sort.</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #3d85c6; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;">Ans:D</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #3d85c6; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;">Q.24 Which of the following sorting algorithms does not have a worst case running time of ( 2 ) O n ?</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #3d85c6; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;">(A) Insertion sort (B) Merge sort</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #3d85c6; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;">(C) Quick sort (D) Bubble sort</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #3d85c6; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;">Ans:B</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #3d85c6; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;">Q.25 An undirected graph G with n vertices and e edges is represented by adjacency list. What is</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #3d85c6; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;">the time required to generate all the connected components?</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #3d85c6; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;">(A) O (n) (B) O (e)</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #3d85c6; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;">(C) O (e+n) (D) O ( 2 ) e</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #3d85c6; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;">Ans:C</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #3d85c6; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;">Q.26 Consider a linked list of n elements. What is the time taken to insert an element after an</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #3d85c6; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;">element pointed by some pointer?</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #3d85c6; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;">(A) O (1) (B) O (log2 n)</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #3d85c6; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;">(C) O (n) (D) O (n log2 n)</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #3d85c6; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;">Ans:A</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #3d85c6; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;">Q.27 The smallest element of an array’s index is called its</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #3d85c6; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;">(A) lower bound. (B) upper bound.</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #3d85c6; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;">(C) range. (D) extraction.</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #3d85c6; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;">Ans:A</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #3d85c6; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;">Q.28 In a circular linked list</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #3d85c6; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;">(A) components are all linked together in some sequential manner.</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #3d85c6; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;">(B) there is no beginning and no end.</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #3d85c6; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;">(C) components are arranged hierarchically.</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #3d85c6; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;">(D) forward and backward traversal within the list is permitted.</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #3d85c6; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;">Ans:B</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #3d85c6; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;">Q.29 A graph with n vertices will definitely have a parallel edge or self loop of the total number of</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #3d85c6; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;">edges are</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #3d85c6; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;">(A) more than n (B) more than n+1</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #3d85c6; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;">(C) more than (n+1)/2 (D) more than n(n-1)/2</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #3d85c6; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;">Ans: D</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #3d85c6; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;">Q.30 The minimum number of multiplications and additions required to evaluate the polynomial</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #3d85c6; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;">P = 4x3+3x2-15x+45 is</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #3d85c6; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;">(A) 6 & 3 (B) 4 & 2</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #3d85c6; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;">(C) 3 & 3 (D) 8 & 3</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #3d85c6; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;">Ans: C</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #3d85c6; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;">Q.31 The maximum degree of any vertex in a simple graph with n vertices is</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #3d85c6; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;">(A) n–1 (B) n+1</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #3d85c6; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;">(C) 2n–1 (D) n</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #3d85c6; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;">Ans: A</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #3d85c6; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;">Q.32 The data structure required for Breadth First Traversal on a graph is</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #3d85c6; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;">(A) queue (B) stack</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #3d85c6; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;">(C) array (D) tree</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #3d85c6; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;">Ans: A</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #3d85c6; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;">Q.33 The quick sort algorithm exploit _________ design technique</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #3d85c6; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;">(A) Greedy (B) Dynamic programming</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #3d85c6; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;">(C) Divide and Conquer (D) Backtracking</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #3d85c6; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;">Ans: C</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #3d85c6; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;">Q.34 The number of different directed trees with 3 nodes are</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #3d85c6; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;">(A) 2 (B) 3</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #3d85c6; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;">(C) 4 (D) 5</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #3d85c6; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;">Ans: B</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #3d85c6; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;">Q.35 One can convert a binary tree into its mirror image by traversing it in</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #3d85c6; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;">(A) inorder (B) preorder</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #3d85c6; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;">(C) postorder (D) any order</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #3d85c6; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;">Ans:C</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #3d85c6; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;">Q.36 The total number of companions required to merge 4 sorted files containing 15, 3, 9 and 8</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #3d85c6; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;">records into a single sorted file is</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #3d85c6; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;">(A) 66 (B) 39</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #3d85c6; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;">(C) 15 (D) 3</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #3d85c6; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;">Ans: 33 (option is not available)</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #3d85c6; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;">Q.37 In a linked list with n nodes, the time taken to insert an element after an element pointed by</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #3d85c6; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;">some pointer is</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #3d85c6; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;">(A) 0 (1) (B) 0 (log n)</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #3d85c6; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;">(C) 0 (n) (D) 0 (n 1og n)</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #3d85c6; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;">Ans:A</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #3d85c6; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;">Q.38 The data structure required to evaluate a postfix expression is</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #3d85c6; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;">(A) queue (B) stack</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #3d85c6; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;">(C) array (D) linked-list</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #3d85c6; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;">Ans:B</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #3d85c6; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;">Q.39 The data structure required to check whether an expression contains balanced parenthesis is</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #3d85c6; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;">(A) Stack (B) Queue</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #3d85c6; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;">(C) Tree (D) Array</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #3d85c6; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;">Ans:A</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #3d85c6; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;">Q.40 The complexity of searching an element from a set of n elements using Binary search</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #3d85c6; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;">algorithm is</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #3d85c6; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;">(A) O(n) (B) O(log n)</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #3d85c6; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;">(C) O(n2) (D) O(n log n)</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #3d85c6; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;">Ans:B</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #3d85c6; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;">Q.41 The number of leaf nodes in a complete binary tree of depth d is</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #3d85c6; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;">(A) 2d (B) 2d–1+1</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #3d85c6; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;">(C) 2d+1+1 (D) 2d+1</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #3d85c6; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;">Ans:A</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #3d85c6; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;">Q.42 What data structure would you mostly likely see in a nonrecursive implementation of a</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #3d85c6; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;">recursive algorithm?</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #3d85c6; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;">(A) Stack (B) Linked list</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #3d85c6; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;">(C) Queue (D) Trees</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #3d85c6; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;">Ans:A</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #3d85c6; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;">Q.43 Which of the following sorting methods would be most suitable for sorting a list which is</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #3d85c6; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;">almost sorted</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #3d85c6; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;">(A) Bubble Sort (B) Insertion Sort</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #3d85c6; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;">(C) Selection Sort (D) Quick Sort</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #3d85c6; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;">Ans:A</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #3d85c6; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;">Q.44 A B-tree of minimum degree t can maximum _____ pointers in a node.</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #3d85c6; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;">(A) t–1 (B) 2t–1</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #3d85c6; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;">(C) 2t (D) t</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #3d85c6; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;">Ans:D</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #3d85c6; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;">Q.45 The process of accessing data stored in a serial access memory is similar to manipulating data</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #3d85c6; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;">on a</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #3d85c6; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;">(A) heap (B) queue</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #3d85c6; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;">(C) stack (D) binary tree</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #3d85c6; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;">Ans:C</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #3d85c6; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;">Q.46 A graph with n vertices will definitely have a parallel edge or self loop if the total number of</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #3d85c6; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;">edges are</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #3d85c6; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;">(A) greater than n–1 (B) less than n(n–1)</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #3d85c6; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;">(C) greater than n(n–1)/2 (D) less than n2/2</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #3d85c6; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;">Ans:A</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #3d85c6; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;">Q.47 A BST is traversed in the following order recursively: Right, root, left</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #3d85c6; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;">The output sequence will be in</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #3d85c6; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;">(A) Ascending order (B) Descending order</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #3d85c6; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;">(C) Bitomic sequence (D) No specific order</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #3d85c6; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;">Ans:B</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #3d85c6; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;">Q.48 The pre-order and post order traversal of a Binary Tree generates the same output. The tree can</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #3d85c6; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;">have maximum</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #3d85c6; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;">(A) Three nodes (B) Two nodes</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #3d85c6; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;">(C) One node (D) Any number of nodes</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #3d85c6; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;">Ans:C</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #3d85c6; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;">Q.49 The postfix form of A*B+C/D is</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #3d85c6; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;">(A) *AB/CD+ (B) AB*CD/+</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #3d85c6; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;">(C) A*BC+/D (D) ABCD+/*</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #3d85c6; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;">Ans:B</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #3d85c6; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;">Q.50 Let the following circular queue can accommodate maximum six elements with the</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #3d85c6; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;">following data</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #3d85c6; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;">front = 2 rear = 4</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #3d85c6; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;">queue = _______; L, M, N, ___, ___</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #3d85c6; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;">What will happen after ADD O operation takes place?</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #3d85c6; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;">(A) front = 2 rear = 5</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #3d85c6; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;">queue = ______; L, M, N, O, ___</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #3d85c6; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;">(B) front = 3 rear = 5</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #3d85c6; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;">queue = L, M, N, O, ___</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #3d85c6; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;">(C) front = 3 rear = 4</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #3d85c6; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;">queue = ______; L, M, N, O, ___</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #3d85c6; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;">(D) front = 2 rear = 4</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #3d85c6; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;">queue = L, M, N, O, ___</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #3d85c6; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;">Ans:A</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #3d85c6; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;">Q.51 A binary tree of depth “d” is an almost complete binary tree if</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #3d85c6; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;">(A) Each leaf in the tree is either at level “d” or at level “d–1”</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #3d85c6; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;">(B) For any node “n” in the tree with a right descendent at level “d” all the left</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #3d85c6; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;">descendents of “n” that are leaves, are also at level “d”</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #3d85c6; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;">(C) Both (A) & (B)</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #3d85c6; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;">(D) None of the above</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #3d85c6; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;">Ans:C</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #3d85c6; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;">Q.52 A linear collection of data elements where the linear node is given by means of pointer is</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #3d85c6; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;">called</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #3d85c6; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;">(A) linked list (B) node list</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #3d85c6; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;">(C) primitive list (D) None of these</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #3d85c6; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;">Ans:A</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #3d85c6; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;">Q.53 Representation of data structure in memory is known as:</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #3d85c6; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;">(A) recursive (B) abstract data type</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #3d85c6; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;">(C) storage structure (D) file structure</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #3d85c6; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;">Ans:B</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #3d85c6; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;">Q.54 If the address of A[1][1] and A[2][1] are 1000 and 1010 respectively and each element</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #3d85c6; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;">occupies 2 bytes then the array has been stored in _________ order.</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #3d85c6; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;">(A) row major (B) column major</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #3d85c6; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;">(C) matix major (D) none of these</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #3d85c6; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;">Ans:A</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #3d85c6; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;">Q.55 An adjacency matrix representation of a graph cannot contain information of :</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #3d85c6; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;">(A) nodes (B) edges</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #3d85c6; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;">(C) direction of edges (D) parallel edges</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #3d85c6; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;">Ans:D</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #3d85c6; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;">Q.56 Quick sort is also known as</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #3d85c6; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;">(A) merge sort (B) heap sort</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #3d85c6; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;">(C) bubble sort (D) none of these</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #3d85c6; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;">Ans:D</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #3d85c6; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;">Q.57 One of the major drawback of B-Tree is the difficulty of traversing the keys sequentially.</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #3d85c6; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;">(A) True (B) False</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #3d85c6; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;">Ans:A</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #3d85c6; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;">Q.58 O(N) (linear time) is better than O(1) constant time.</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #3d85c6; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;">(A) True (B) False</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #3d85c6; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;">Ans:B</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #3d85c6; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;">Q.59 An ADT is defined to be a mathematical model of a user-defined type along with the collection</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #3d85c6; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;">of all ____________ operations on that model.</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #3d85c6; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;">(A) Cardinality (B) Assignment</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #3d85c6; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;">(C) Primitive (D) Structured</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #3d85c6; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;">Ans:C</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #3d85c6; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;">Q.60 An algorithm is made up of two independent time complexities f (n) and g (n). Then the</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #3d85c6; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;">complexities of the algorithm is in the order of</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #3d85c6; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;">(A) f(n) x g(n) (B) Max ( f(n),g(n))</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #3d85c6; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;">(C) Min (f(n),g(n)) (D) f(n) + g(n)</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #3d85c6; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;">Ans:B</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #3d85c6; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;">Q.61 The goal of hashing is to produce a search that takes</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #3d85c6; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;">(A) O(1) time (B) O(n2 ) time</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #3d85c6; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;">(C) O(log n ) time (D) O(n log n ) time</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #3d85c6; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;">Ans:A</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #3d85c6; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;">Q.62 The best average behaviour is shown by</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #3d85c6; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;">(A) Quick Sort (B) Merge Sort</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #3d85c6; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;">(C) Insertion Sort (D) Heap Sort</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #3d85c6; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;">Ans:A</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #3d85c6; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;">Q.63 What is the postfix form of the following prefix *+ab–cd</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #3d85c6; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;">(A) ab+cd–* (B) abc+*–</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #3d85c6; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;">(C) ab+*cd– (D) ab+*cd–</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #3d85c6; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;">Ans:A</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #3d85c6; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;">Q.64 Time complexities of three algorithms are given. Which should execute the slowest for large</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #3d85c6; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;">values of N?</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #3d85c6; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;">(A) ( 1 2 ) O N (B) O(N)</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #3d85c6; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;">(C) O(log N) (D) None of these</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #3d85c6; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;">Ans:B</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #3d85c6; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;">Q.65 How does an array differ from an ordinary variable?</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #3d85c6; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;">Ans.</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #3d85c6; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;">Array Vs. Ordinary Variable</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #3d85c6; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;">Array is made up of similar data structure that exists in any language. Array is set of similar</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #3d85c6; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;">data types. Array is the collection of similar elements. These similar elements could be all int</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #3d85c6; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;">or all float or all char etc. Array of char is known as string. All elements of the given array</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #3d85c6; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;">must be of same type. Array is finite ordered set of homogeneous elements. The number of</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #3d85c6; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;">elements in the array is pre-specified.</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #3d85c6; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;">An ordinary variable of a simple data type can store a single element only.</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #3d85c6; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;">For example: Ordinary variable: - int a</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #3d85c6; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;">Array: - int a[10]</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #3d85c6; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;">Q.66 What values are automatically assigned to those array elements which are not explicitly</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #3d85c6; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;">initialized?</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #3d85c6; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;">Ans.</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #3d85c6; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;">Garbage values are automatically assigned to those array elements that are not explicitly</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #3d85c6; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;">initialized. If garbage class is auto then array is assumed to contain garbage values. If storage</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #3d85c6; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;">class were declared static or external then all the array elements would have a default initial</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #3d85c6; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;">value as zero.</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #3d85c6; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;">Q.67 A stack is to be implemented using an array. The associated declarations are:</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #3d85c6; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;">int stack [100];</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #3d85c6; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;">int top = 0;</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #3d85c6; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;">Give the statement to perform push operation.</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #3d85c6; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;">Ans.</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #3d85c6; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;">Let us assume that if stack is empty then its top has value –1.</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #3d85c6; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;">Top ranges from 0 – 99. Let item be the data to be inserted into stack</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #3d85c6; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;">int stack [100];</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #3d85c6; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;">int top = 0;</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #3d85c6; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;">int item ;</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #3d85c6; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;">If (top == 99)</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #3d85c6; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;">Printf (“stack overflow”);</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #3d85c6; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;">Else</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #3d85c6; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;">stack[top++] = item;</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #3d85c6; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;">Q.68 Assume that a queue is available for pushing and popping elements. Given an input sequence a,</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #3d85c6; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;">b, c, (c be the first element), give the output sequence of elements if the rightmost element</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #3d85c6; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;">given above is the first to be popped from the queue.</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #3d85c6; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;">Ans.</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #3d85c6; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;">A B C</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #3d85c6; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;">Front Rear</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #3d85c6; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;">c b a</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #3d85c6; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;">Q.69 A two dimensional array TABLE [6] [8] is stored in row major order with base address 351.</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #3d85c6; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;">What is the address of TABLE [3] [4]?</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #3d85c6; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;">Ans.</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #3d85c6; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;">TABLE [6] [8]</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #3d85c6; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;">Base address 351</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #3d85c6; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;">Let us assume that TABLE[6] [8] is of type integer.</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #3d85c6; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;">The formula for row major form to calculate address is</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #3d85c6; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;">Loc(a[ i ] [j] ) = base (a) + w [n (i –lbr) + ( j-lbc)]</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #3d85c6; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;">where</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #3d85c6; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;">n no. of column in array</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #3d85c6; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;">w no of bytes per storage location</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #3d85c6; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;">lbr lower bound for row index</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #3d85c6; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;">lbc lower bound for column index.</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #3d85c6; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;">Loc(TABLE[3] [4]) = 351 + 2[8(3-0) + (4-0)]</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #3d85c6; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;">= 351 +2[24+4]</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #3d85c6; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;">= 351 + 56</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #3d85c6; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;">=407</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #3d85c6; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;">Q.70 Which sorting algorithm is best if the list is already sorted? Why?</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #3d85c6; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;">Ans.</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #3d85c6; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;">Insertion sort as there is no movement of data if the list is already sorted and complexity is of</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #3d85c6; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;">the order O(N)</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #3d85c6; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;">Q.71 What is the time complexity of Merge sort and Heap sort algorithms?</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #3d85c6; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;">Ans.</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #3d85c6; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;">Time complexity of merge sort is O(N log2 N)</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #3d85c6; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;">Time complexity of heap sort is O(nlog2n)</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #3d85c6; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;">Sort Worst Case Average Case Best Case</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #3d85c6; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;">Merge Sort O(nlog n) O(nlog n) O(nlog n)</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #3d85c6; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;">Heap Sort O(nlog n) O(nlog n) O(nlog n)</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #3d85c6; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;">Q.72 What is the maximum possible number of nodes in a binary tree at level 6?</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #3d85c6; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;">Ans.</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #3d85c6; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;">26 = 2 x 2 x 2 x 2 x 2 x 2 = 64</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #3d85c6; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;">Q.73 A queue is a,</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #3d85c6; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;">(A) FIFO (First In First Out) list. (B) LIFO (Last In First Out) list.</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #3d85c6; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;">(C) Ordered array. (D) Linear tree.</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #3d85c6; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;">Ans. (A)</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #3d85c6; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;">Q.74 Which data structure is needed to convert infix notation to postfix notation?</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #3d85c6; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;">(A) Branch (B) Queue</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #3d85c6; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;">(C) Tree (D) Stack</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #3d85c6; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;">Ans. (D)</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #3d85c6; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;">Q.75 Which of the following operations is performed more efficiently by doubly linked list than</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #3d85c6; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;">by singly linked list?</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #3d85c6; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;">(A) Deleting a node whose location in given</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #3d85c6; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;">(B) Searching of an unsorted list for a given item</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #3d85c6; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;">(C) Inverting a node after the node with given location</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #3d85c6; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;">(D) Traversing a list to process each node</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #3d85c6; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;">Ans. (A)</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #3d85c6; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;">Q.76 The extra key inserted at the end of the array is called a,</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #3d85c6; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;">(A) End key. (B) Stop key.</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #3d85c6; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;">(C) Sentinel. (D) Transposition.</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #3d85c6; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;">Ans. (C)</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #3d85c6; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;">Q.77 The prefix form of A-B/ (C * D ^ E) is,</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #3d85c6; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;">(A) -/*^ACBDE (B) -ABCD*^DE</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #3d85c6; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;">(C) -A/B*C^DE (D) -A/BC*^DE</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #3d85c6; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;">Ans. (C)</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #3d85c6; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;">Q.78 Consider that n elements are to be sorted. What is the worst case time complexity of Bubble</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #3d85c6; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;">sort?</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #3d85c6; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;">(A) O(1) (B) O(log2n)</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #3d85c6; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;">(C) O(n) (D) O(n2)</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #3d85c6; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;">Ans. (D)</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #3d85c6; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;">Q.79 A characteristic of the data that binary search uses but the linear search ignores is</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #3d85c6; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;">the___________.</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #3d85c6; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;">(A) Order of the elements of the list.</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #3d85c6; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;">(B) Length of the list.</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #3d85c6; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;">(C) Maximum value in list.</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #3d85c6; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;">(D) Type of elements of the list.</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #3d85c6; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;">Ans. (A)</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #3d85c6; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;">Q.80 In Breadth First Search of Graph, which of the following data structure is used?</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #3d85c6; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;">(A) Stack. (B) Queue.</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #3d85c6; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;">(C) Linked List. (D) None of the above.</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #3d85c6; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;">Ans. (B)</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #3d85c6; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;">Q.81 The largest element of an array index is called its</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #3d85c6; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;">(A) lower bound. (B) range.</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #3d85c6; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;">(C) upper bound. (D) All of these.</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #3d85c6; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;">Ans. (C)</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #3d85c6; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;">Q.82 What is the result of the following operation</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #3d85c6; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;">Top (Push (S, X))</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #3d85c6; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;">(A) X (B) null</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #3d85c6; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;">(C) S (D) None of these.</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #3d85c6; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;">Ans. (A)</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #3d85c6; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;">Q.83 How many nodes in a tree have no ancestors.</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #3d85c6; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;">(A) 0 (B) 1</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #3d85c6; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;">(C) 2 (D) n</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #3d85c6; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;">Ans. (B)</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #3d85c6; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;">Q.84 In order to get the contents of a Binary search tree in ascending order, one has to traverse it in</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #3d85c6; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;">(A) pre-order. (B) in-order.</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #3d85c6; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;">(C) post order. (D) not possible.</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #3d85c6; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;">Ans. (B)</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #3d85c6; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;">Q.85 Which of the following sorting algorithm is stable</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #3d85c6; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;">(A) insertion sort. (B) bubble sort.</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #3d85c6; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;">(C) quick sort. (D) heap sort.</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #3d85c6; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;">Ans. (D)</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #3d85c6; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;">Q.86 The prefix form of an infix expression p + q - r * t is</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #3d85c6; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;">(A) + pq - *rt . (B) - +pqr * t .</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #3d85c6; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;">(C) - +pq * rt . (D) - + * pqrt .</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #3d85c6; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;">Ans. (C)</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #3d85c6; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;">Q.87 Which data structure is used for implementing recursion?</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #3d85c6; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;">(A) Queue. (B) Stack.</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #3d85c6; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;">(C) Arrays. (D) List.</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #3d85c6; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;">Ans. (B)</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #3d85c6; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;">Q.88 In binary search, average number of comparison required for searching an element in a list if n</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #3d85c6; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;">numbers is</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #3d85c6; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;">(A) log2 n . (B) n / 2 .</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #3d85c6; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;">(C) n. (D) n – 1.</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #3d85c6; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;">Ans. (A)</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #3d85c6; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;">Q.89 In order to get the information stored in a Binary Search Tree in the descending order, one</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #3d85c6; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;">should traverse it in which of the following order?</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #3d85c6; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;">(A) left, root, right (B) root, left, right</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #3d85c6; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;">(C) right, root, left (D) right, left, root</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #3d85c6; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;">Ans. (C)</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #3d85c6; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;">Q.90 The equivalent prefix expression for the following infix expression (A+B)-(C+D*E)/F*G is</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #3d85c6; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;">(A) -+AB*/+C*DEFG (B) /-+AB*+C*DEFG</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #3d85c6; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;">(C) -/+AB*+CDE*FG (D) -+AB*/+CDE*FG</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #3d85c6; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;">Ans. (A)</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #3d85c6; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;">Q.91 The time required to delete a node x from a doubly linked list having n nodes is</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #3d85c6; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;">(A) O (n) (B) O (log n)</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #3d85c6; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;">(C) O (1) (D) O (n log n)</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #3d85c6; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;">Ans. (C)</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #3d85c6; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;">Q.92 Ackerman’s function is defined on the non-negative integers as follows</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #3d85c6; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;">a (m,n) = n+1 if m=0</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #3d85c6; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;">= a (m-1, 1) if m¹ 0, n=0</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #3d85c6; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;">= a (m-1, a(m, n-1)) if m¹ 0, n ¹ 0</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #3d85c6; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;">The value of a (1, 3) is</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #3d85c6; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;">(A) 4. (B) 5.</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #3d85c6; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;">(C) 6. (D) 7.</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #3d85c6; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;">Ans. (B)</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #3d85c6; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;">Q.93 The result of evaluating the postfix expression 5, 4, 6, +, *, 4, 9, 3, /, +, * is</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #3d85c6; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;">(A) 600. (B) 350.</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #3d85c6; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;">(C) 650. (D) 588.</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #3d85c6; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;">Ans. (B)</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #3d85c6; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;">Q.94 The worst case of quick sort has order</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #3d85c6; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;">(A) O(n2) (B) O(n)</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #3d85c6; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;">(C) O (n log2 n) (D) O (log2 n)</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #3d85c6; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;">Ans. (A)</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #3d85c6; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;">Q.95 For an undirected graph G with n vertices and e edges, the sum of the degrees of each vertex is</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #3d85c6; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;">(A) ne (B) 2n</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #3d85c6; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;">(C) 2e (D) en</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #3d85c6; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;">Ans. (C)</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #3d85c6; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;">Q.96 The time required to delete a node x from a doubly linked list having n nodes is</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #3d85c6; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;">(A) O (n) (B) O (log n)</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #3d85c6; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;">(C) O (1) (D) O (n log n)</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #3d85c6; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;">Ans. (C)</span><br />
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</script></div>Anonymoushttp://www.blogger.com/profile/17584789907165764161noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-373343443959566174.post-23232079688290813882012-03-13T05:11:00.000-07:002012-03-13T05:11:44.389-07:00Microprocessor : A microprocessor is a multipurpose, programmable, clock-driven, register-based electronic device that reads binary instructions from a storage device called memory accepts binary data as input and processes data according to instructions, and provides result as output.<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on"><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #3d85c6;"><br />
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<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #3d85c6;"> <span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: large;"> MICROPROCESSOR</span></span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #3d85c6; font-size: large;"> 2 marks questions and answers</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #3d85c6; font-size: large;"> Unit I</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #3d85c6; font-size: large;">1. Define microprocessor?</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #3d85c6; font-size: large;">A microprocessor is a multipurpose, programmable, clock-driven, register-based</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #3d85c6; font-size: large;">electronic device that reads binary instructions from a storage device called memory</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #3d85c6; font-size: large;">accepts binary data as input and processes data according to instructions, and provides</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #3d85c6; font-size: large;">result as output.</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #3d85c6; font-size: large;">2. Define microcomputer?</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #3d85c6; font-size: large;">A computer that is designed using a microprocessor as its CPU. It includes</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #3d85c6; font-size: large;">microprocessor, memory, and I/O.</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #3d85c6; font-size: large;">3. Define ROM?</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #3d85c6; font-size: large;">A memory that stores binary information permanently. The information can be</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #3d85c6; font-size: large;">read from this memory but cannot be altered.</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #3d85c6; font-size: large;">4. What is an ALU?</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #3d85c6; font-size: large;">The group of circuits that provides timing and signals to all operation in the</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #3d85c6; font-size: large;">computer and controls data flow.</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #3d85c6; font-size: large;">5. Define small-scale integration?</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #3d85c6; font-size: large;">The process of designing a few circuits on a single chip. The term refers to the</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #3d85c6; font-size: large;">technology used to fabricate logic gates on a chip.</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #3d85c6; font-size: large;">6. What is an instruction?</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #3d85c6; font-size: large;">An instruction is a binary pattern entered through an input device in memory to</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #3d85c6; font-size: large;">command the microprocessor to perform specific function.</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #3d85c6; font-size: large;">7. What are the four primary operations of a MPU?</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #3d85c6; font-size: large;">1. Memory read</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #3d85c6; font-size: large;">2. Memory write</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #3d85c6; font-size: large;">3. I/O read</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #3d85c6; font-size: large;">4. I/O write</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #3d85c6; font-size: large;">8. What do you mean by address bus?</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #3d85c6; font-size: large;">The address bus is a group of 16 lines generally identified as A0 to A15. The</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #3d85c6; font-size: large;">address bus is unidirectional: bits flow from MPU to peripheral devices.</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #3d85c6; font-size: large;">9. How many memory locations can be addressed by a microprocessor with 14</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #3d85c6; font-size: large;">address lines?</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #3d85c6; font-size: large;">The 8085 MPU with its 14-bit address is capable of addressing 214 =16,384 (ie)</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #3d85c6; font-size: large;">16K memory locations.</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #3d85c6; font-size: large;">10. Why is the data bus bi-directional?</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #3d85c6; font-size: large;">The data bus is bi-directional because the data flow in both directions between the</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #3d85c6; font-size: large;">MPU and memory and peripheral devices.</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #3d85c6; font-size: large;">11. What is the function of the accumulator?</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #3d85c6; font-size: large;">The accumulator is the register used to store the 8-bit data to perform the</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #3d85c6; font-size: large;">arithmetic and logical operations.</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #3d85c6; font-size: large;">12. Define control bus?</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #3d85c6; font-size: large;">This is single line that is generated by the MPU to provide timing of various</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #3d85c6; font-size: large;">operations.</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #3d85c6; font-size: large;">14. What is a flag?</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #3d85c6; font-size: large;">The data conditions, after arithmetic or logical operations, are indicated by setting</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #3d85c6; font-size: large;">or resetting the flip-flops called flags.</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #3d85c6; font-size: large;">15. Why are the program counter and the stack pointer 16-bit registers?</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #3d85c6; font-size: large;">Memory locations for the program counter and stack pointer have 16-bit</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #3d85c6; font-size: large;">addresses. So the PC and SP have 16-bit registers.</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #3d85c6; font-size: large;">16. Define memory word?</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #3d85c6; font-size: large;">The number of bits stored in a register is called a memory word.</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #3d85c6; font-size: large;">17. Specify the number of registers and memory cells required in a 128 x 4 memory</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #3d85c6; font-size: large;">chip?</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #3d85c6; font-size: large;">Number of registers = 128</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #3d85c6; font-size: large;">Memory cells required is 128 x 4=512</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #3d85c6; font-size: large;">18. Explain the function of ALE and IO/M signals in the 8085 architecture?</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #3d85c6; font-size: large;">The ALE signal goes high at the beginning of each machine cycle indicating the</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #3d85c6; font-size: large;">availability of the address on the address bus, and the signal is used to latch the loworder</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #3d85c6; font-size: large;">address bus. The IO/M signal is a status signal indicating whether the machine</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #3d85c6; font-size: large;">cycle is I/O or memory operation.The IO/M signal is combined with the RD and WR</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #3d85c6; font-size: large;">control signals to generate IOR, IOW, MEMW,MEMR .</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #3d85c6; font-size: large;">19. If the 8085 adds 87H and 79H, specify the contents of the accumulator and the</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #3d85c6; font-size: large;">status of the S, Z, and CY flag?</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #3d85c6; font-size: large;">The sum of 87H and 79H =100H. Therefore, the accumulator will have 00H, and</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #3d85c6; font-size: large;">the flags will be S =0, Z = 1, CY = 1</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #3d85c6; font-size: large;">20. Write down the control and status signals?</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #3d85c6; font-size: large;">Two Control signals and three status signals</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #3d85c6; font-size: large;">Control signals: RD and WR</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #3d85c6; font-size: large;">Status signals: IO/M, S1, S2</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #3d85c6; font-size: large;">21. Define machine cycle?</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #3d85c6; font-size: large;">Machine cycle is defined, as the time required completing one operation of</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #3d85c6; font-size: large;">accessing memory, I/O, or acknowledging an external request.</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #3d85c6; font-size: large;">22. Define T-state?</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #3d85c6; font-size: large;">T-state is defined as one subdivision of the operation of performed in one clock</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #3d85c6; font-size: large;">period.</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #3d85c6; font-size: large;">23. What is a transparent latch? Why is it necessary to latch with output devices</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #3d85c6; font-size: large;">such as LED’s?</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #3d85c6; font-size: large;">A transparent latch is a flip-flop; its output changes according to input when the</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #3d85c6; font-size: large;">clock signal is high, and it latches the input on the trailing edge of the clock. The latch is</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #3d85c6; font-size: large;">necessary for output devices to retain the result; otherwise the result will disappear</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #3d85c6; font-size: large;">24. Give the bit positions reserved for the flags?</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #3d85c6; font-size: large;">D7 D6 D5 D4 D3 D2 D1 D0</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #3d85c6; font-size: large;">S Z X AC X P X CY</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #3d85c6; font-size: large;">Note:X means Unused</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #3d85c6; font-size: large;">25. Define instruction cycle?</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #3d85c6; font-size: large;">Instruction cycle is defined, as the time required completing the execution of the</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #3d85c6; font-size: large;">instruction.</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #3d85c6;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: large;">UNIT-II</span></span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #3d85c6; font-size: large;">1.What is an instruction set?</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #3d85c6; font-size: large;">The entire group of instructions, determines what functions the microprocessor</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #3d85c6; font-size: large;">can perform is called instruction set.</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #3d85c6; font-size: large;">2. Give the functional categories of 8085 microinstructions?</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #3d85c6; font-size: large;">o Data transfer operations</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #3d85c6; font-size: large;">o Arithmetic operations</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #3d85c6; font-size: large;">o Logical operations</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #3d85c6; font-size: large;">o Branching operations</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #3d85c6; font-size: large;">o Machine control operations</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #3d85c6; font-size: large;">3. Define Opcode and operand?</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #3d85c6; font-size: large;">The operation to be performed is called Opcode. The data to be operated is called</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #3d85c6; font-size: large;">operand.</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #3d85c6; font-size: large;">4. Define the types of branching operations?</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #3d85c6; font-size: large;">Jump: to test the conditions</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #3d85c6; font-size: large;">Call, Return, And Restart: Change the sequence of the program</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #3d85c6; font-size: large;">5. Define two-byte instruction with one example?</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #3d85c6; font-size: large;">In a 2-byte instruction, the first byte specifies the Opcode; the second byte</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #3d85c6; font-size: large;">specifies the operand.</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #3d85c6; font-size: large;">Example: </span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #3d85c6; font-size: large;">Opcode operand binary code hex code</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #3d85c6; font-size: large;">MVI A, Data 0011 1110 3E First byte</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #3d85c6; font-size: large;"> DATA Data Second byte</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #3d85c6; font-size: large;">6. Write instructions to load the hexadecimal numbers 65H in register C, and 92h in</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #3d85c6; font-size: large;">the accumulator A .Display the number 65H at PORT0 and 92H at PORT1?</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #3d85c6; font-size: large;">MVI C, 65H</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #3d85c6; font-size: large;">MVI A, 92H</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #3d85c6; font-size: large;">OUT PORT1 ; DISPLAY 92H</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #3d85c6; font-size: large;">MOV A, C ; COPY C INTO A FOR DISPLAY</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #3d85c6; font-size: large;">OUT PORT0 ; DISPLAY 65H</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #3d85c6; font-size: large;">HLT</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #3d85c6; font-size: large;">7.What operation can be performed by using the instruction ADD A?</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #3d85c6; font-size: large;">The instruction ADD a will add the content of the accumulator to itself; this is</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #3d85c6; font-size: large;">equivalent to multiplying by 2.</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #3d85c6; font-size: large;">8.What operation can be performed by using the instruction SUB A? Specify the</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #3d85c6; font-size: large;">status of Z and CY?</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #3d85c6; font-size: large;">The instruction SUB a will clear the accumulator. The flag status will be</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #3d85c6; font-size: large;">CY = 0 and Z = 1.</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #3d85c6; font-size: large;">9. Write instructions to a) load 00H to accumulator</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #3d85c6; font-size: large;">b) Decrement the accumulator</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #3d85c6; font-size: large;">c) Display the answer</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #3d85c6; font-size: large;">MVI A, 00H (A = 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #3d85c6; font-size: large;">DCR A - 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 </span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #3d85c6; font-size: large;">OUT PORT# 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 = FFH)</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #3d85c6; font-size: large;">HLT</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #3d85c6; font-size: large;">10. What is the machine control operations used in 8085 microprocessor?</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #3d85c6; font-size: large;">HLT: Halt</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #3d85c6; font-size: large;">NOP: No Operation</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #3d85c6; font-size: large;">11. What is data transfer instructions?</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #3d85c6; font-size: large;">The data transfer instructions copy data from one source in to a destination</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #3d85c6; font-size: large;">without modifying the content of the source.</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #3d85c6; font-size: large;">12. Give the flow chart symbols?</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #3d85c6; font-size: large;">Rectangle: represents a process</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: large;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #3d85c6;">Arrow: indicates the direction</span></span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #3d85c6; font-size: large;">Represents a predefined process</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #3d85c6; font-size: large;">Represents beginning or end</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #3d85c6; font-size: large;">Represents a decision making</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #3d85c6; font-size: large;">13. What are the notations used in the 8085 instructions?</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #3d85c6; font-size: large;">R = 8085 8-bit register</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #3d85c6; font-size: large;">M=memory register</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #3d85c6; font-size: large;">Rs = Register source</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #3d85c6; font-size: large;">Rd = register destination</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #3d85c6; font-size: large;">Rp = register pair</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #3d85c6; font-size: large;">( ) = Contents of</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #3d85c6; font-size: large;">14. How is the instruction set classified?</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #3d85c6; font-size: large;">The instruction set is classified in three groups according to the word size:</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #3d85c6; font-size: large;">1-byte instruction</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #3d85c6; font-size: large;">2-byte instruction</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #3d85c6; font-size: large;">3-byte instruction</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #3d85c6; font-size: large;">15. What is JNC 16-bit address?</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #3d85c6; font-size: large;">It change the program sequence to the location specified by the 16-bit</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #3d85c6; font-size: large;">address if the carry flag is reset .</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #3d85c6; font-size: large;">16. Give the instructions that perform the logical operations?</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #3d85c6; font-size: large;">o AND, OR, Exclusive-OR</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #3d85c6; font-size: large;">o Rotate</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #3d85c6; font-size: large;">o Compare</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #3d85c6; font-size: large;">o Complement</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #3d85c6; font-size: large;">17. What is a three-byte instruction?</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #3d85c6; font-size: large;">In a three-byte instruction, the first byte specifies the Opcode, and the</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #3d85c6; font-size: large;">following two bytes specifies the 16- bit address.</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #3d85c6; font-size: large;">18. Define a program?</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #3d85c6; font-size: large;">A program is a sequence of instructions written to tell the computer to</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #3d85c6; font-size: large;">perform a specific function.</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #3d85c6; font-size: large;">19. Define ASCII code?</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #3d85c6; font-size: large;">ASCII code is a 7-bit code that represents both decimal numbers,</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #3d85c6; font-size: large;">alphabets. Extended ASCII is an 8-bit code.</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #3d85c6; font-size: large;">20. What is STA in data transfer instruction?</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #3d85c6; font-size: large;">Copy the data from the accumulator in the memory location specified by</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #3d85c6; font-size: large;">the 16-bit address</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #3d85c6; font-size: large;">21. What is an IN instruction?</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #3d85c6; font-size: large;">This is a 2-byte instruction. It accepts data from the input port specified in</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #3d85c6; font-size: large;">the second byte.</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #3d85c6; font-size: large;">22. What is an OUT instruction?</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #3d85c6; font-size: large;">This is a 2-byte instruction. It sends the content of the accumulator to the</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #3d85c6; font-size: large;">output port specified in the second byte.</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #3d85c6; font-size: large;">23. Give the difference between JZ and JNZ?</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #3d85c6; font-size: large;">JZ change the program sequence to the location specified by the 16-bit</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #3d85c6; font-size: large;">address if the zero flag is set</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #3d85c6; font-size: large;">JNZ change the program sequence to the location specified by the 16-bit</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #3d85c6; font-size: large;">address if the zero flag is reset.</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #3d85c6; font-size: large;">24. What is CMA?</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #3d85c6; font-size: large;">Complements the data in the accumulator.</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #3d85c6; font-size: large;">25. What is CALL instruction?</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #3d85c6; font-size: large;">CALL instruction change the sequence to the location of a subroutine.</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #3d85c6; font-size: large;">UNIT III</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #3d85c6; font-size: large;">1. Why the number of out ports in the peripheral-mapped I/O is restricted to 256</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #3d85c6; font-size: large;">ports?</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #3d85c6; font-size: large;">The number of output ports in the peripheral I/O is restricted to 256 ports because</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #3d85c6; font-size: large;">the operand of the OUT instruction is 8-bits; it can have only 256 combinations</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #3d85c6; font-size: large;">2. If an input and output port can have the same 8-bit address how does the 8085</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #3d85c6; font-size: large;">differentiate between the ports?</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #3d85c6; font-size: large;">In The 8085 differentiates between the input and output ports of the same address</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #3d85c6; font-size: large;">by the control signal. The input port requires the RD and the output port requires the WR</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #3d85c6; font-size: large;">signal.</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #3d85c6; font-size: large;">3. What are the control signals necessary in the memory mapped I/O?</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #3d85c6; font-size: large;">RD, WR, I/O (low)</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #3d85c6; font-size: large;">4. Why a latch is used for the output port and a tri-state buffer is used for the input</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #3d85c6; font-size: large;">port?</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #3d85c6; font-size: large;">A latch is necessary to hold the output data for display. The input data byte is</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #3d85c6; font-size: large;">obtained by enabling a tri-state buffer and placed in the accumulator.</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #3d85c6; font-size: large;">5. What happens when the 8085 execute the out instruction?</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #3d85c6; font-size: large;">When the 8085 executes the out instruction, in the third machine cycle, it places</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #3d85c6; font-size: large;">the output port address on the low-order address bus, duplicates the same port address on the</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #3d85c6; font-size: large;">high-order bus, places the contents of the accumulator on the data bus and asserts the control</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #3d85c6; font-size: large;">signal WR.</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #3d85c6; font-size: large;">6. How will the port number be affected if we decode the high-order address lines A15 –</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #3d85c6; font-size: large;">A8 rather than A7 – A0?</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #3d85c6; font-size: large;">The port address will remain the same because the I/O port address is duplicated</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #3d85c6; font-size: large;">on both segments of the address bus.</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #3d85c6; font-size: large;">7. Define Memory mapped I/O?</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #3d85c6; font-size: large;">Instead of a memory register, if an output device is connected at the address, the</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #3d85c6; font-size: large;">accumulator contents will be transferred to the output device. This is called memory</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #3d85c6; font-size: large;">mapped I/O.</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #3d85c6; font-size: large;">8. What is an interrupt I/O?</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #3d85c6; font-size: large;">The interrupt I/O is a process of data transfer whereby an external device or a</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #3d85c6; font-size: large;">peripheral can inform the processor that it is ready for communication and it requests</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #3d85c6; font-size: large;">attention</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #3d85c6; font-size: large;">9. What is Partial Decoding?</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #3d85c6; font-size: large;">The output port can be selected by decoding some of the address lines is called</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #3d85c6; font-size: large;">partial decoding</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #3d85c6; font-size: large;">10. Define absolute decoding?</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #3d85c6; font-size: large;">All the eight lines are decoded to generate one unique output pulse. This is called</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #3d85c6; font-size: large;">absolute decoding.</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #3d85c6; font-size: large;">11. Give the characteristics of Memory mapped I/O?</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #3d85c6; font-size: large;"> Execution speed</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #3d85c6; font-size: large;"> Data transfer</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #3d85c6; font-size: large;"> Device address</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #3d85c6; font-size: large;">12. What is SIM?</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #3d85c6; font-size: large;">SIM: Set interrupt Mask. It is a 1-byte instruction. Used for three functions</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #3d85c6; font-size: large;">a. To set the Mask</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #3d85c6; font-size: large;">b. To reset the flip flop</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #3d85c6; font-size: large;">c. Implement the I/O</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #3d85c6; font-size: large;">13.What is RIM?</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #3d85c6; font-size: large;">RIM: Read Interrupt Mask. Used for three functions</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #3d85c6; font-size: large;">a. To read interrupt mask</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #3d85c6; font-size: large;">b. To identify the pending interrupt</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #3d85c6; font-size: large;">c. To receive serial data</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #3d85c6; font-size: large;">14. What the two categories of an interrupt?</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #3d85c6; font-size: large;">Four Maskable interrupt</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #3d85c6; font-size: large;">One Non Maskable interrupt</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #3d85c6; font-size: large;">15. What is the purpose of an interrupt enable?</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #3d85c6; font-size: large;">The instruction Enable Interrupt sets the Interrupt Enable flip-flop and enables the</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #3d85c6; font-size: large;">interrupt process</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #3d85c6; font-size: large;">16. Write an instruction to enable all the interrupts in an 8085 system?</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #3d85c6; font-size: large;">EI</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #3d85c6; font-size: large;">. MVI A,08H</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #3d85c6; font-size: large;">SIM</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #3d85c6; font-size: large;">17. Give the commonly used priority modes?</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #3d85c6; font-size: large;">Fully Nested mode</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #3d85c6; font-size: large;">Automatic rotation mode</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #3d85c6; font-size: large;">Specific rotation mode</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #3d85c6; font-size: large;">18. What do you mean by control logic?</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #3d85c6; font-size: large;">This has two pins. INT as an output, and INTA as an input. The INT is</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #3d85c6; font-size: large;">connected to the interrupt pin of the MPU.</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #3d85c6; font-size: large;">19. What are the two modes of DMA execution?</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #3d85c6; font-size: large;">Slave Mode, Master mode</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #3d85c6; font-size: large;">20. How the 8327 DMA controller transfers 64K bytes of data per channel with address</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #3d85c6; font-size: large;">lines?</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #3d85c6; font-size: large;">The most significant bits D15 and D14 of the count register are used to specify</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #3d85c6; font-size: large;">DMA function and the remaining fourteen bits are used to specify the number of bytes to be</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #3d85c6; font-size: large;">transferred.</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #3d85c6; font-size: large;">21. Give the three formats of END of Interrupt?</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #3d85c6; font-size: large;">NON-specific EOI command</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #3d85c6; font-size: large;">Specific EOI command</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #3d85c6; font-size: large;">Automatic interrupt</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #3d85c6; font-size: large;">22. What are the signals used by the DMA controller?</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #3d85c6; font-size: large;">The Signals are:</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #3d85c6; font-size: large;">o HLDA</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #3d85c6; font-size: large;">o DMA request</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #3d85c6; font-size: large;">o DMA acknowledge</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #3d85c6; font-size: large;">o AEN – address enable</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #3d85c6; font-size: large;">o ADSTB- address strobe</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #3d85c6; font-size: large;">23. Give the additional features of 8259A controller?</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #3d85c6; font-size: large;">Input triggering</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #3d85c6; font-size: large;">Interrupt Status</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #3d85c6; font-size: large;">Poll Method</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #3d85c6; font-size: large;">24. How the signals of the 8237 are classified?</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #3d85c6; font-size: large;">The signals are classified in to two groups.</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #3d85c6; font-size: large;">i. One group of signals are used for interfacing with the MPU</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #3d85c6; font-size: large;">ii. Second group for communicating with the peripherals.</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #3d85c6; font-size: large;">25. How long the INTR pulse stays high?</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #3d85c6; font-size: large;">The INTR pulse can remain high until the interrupt flip-flop is set by the EI</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #3d85c6; font-size: large;">instruction in the service routine.</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #3d85c6; font-size: large;">UNIT IV</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #3d85c6; font-size: large;">1. What is the purpose for the 8255 PPI?</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #3d85c6; font-size: large;">The 8255A is a widely used, programmable, parallel I/O device.It can be</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #3d85c6; font-size: large;">programmed to transfer data under various conditions, from simple I/O to interrupt I/O.</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #3d85c6; font-size: large;">2. List the operating modes of 8255A PPI?</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #3d85c6; font-size: large;">¨ Two 8-bit ports (A and B)</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #3d85c6; font-size: large;">¨ Two 4-bit ports (Cu and CL)</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #3d85c6; font-size: large;">¨ Data bus buffer</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #3d85c6; font-size: large;">¨ Control logic</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #3d85c6; font-size: large;">3. Specify the bit of a control word for the 8255, which differentiates between the</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #3d85c6; font-size: large;">I/O mode and the BSR mode?</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #3d85c6; font-size: large;">BSR mode D7= 0, and I/O mode D5 = 1</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #3d85c6; font-size: large;">4. Write the input/output feature in Mode 0 for the 8255A PPI?</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #3d85c6; font-size: large;"> Outputs are latched</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #3d85c6; font-size: large;"> Inputs are not latched</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #3d85c6; font-size: large;"> Ports do not have handshake or interrupt capability</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #3d85c6; font-size: large;">5. Write the control word format in the BSR mode?</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #3d85c6; font-size: large;">D7 D6 D5 D4 D3 D2 D1 D0</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #3d85c6; font-size: large;">0 X X X Bit Select S/R</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #3d85c6; font-size: large;">BSR mode Not used Set = 1</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #3d85c6; font-size: large;">Generally Set= 0 Reset = 0</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #3d85c6; font-size: large;">6. Write down the output control signals used in 8255A PPI?</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #3d85c6; font-size: large;">¨ OBF output Buffer Full</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #3d85c6; font-size: large;">¨ ACK Acknowledge</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #3d85c6; font-size: large;">¨ INTR Interrupt request</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #3d85c6; font-size: large;">¨ INTE Interrupt Enable</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #3d85c6; font-size: large;">7. What is the use of mode 2 in 8255A PPI?</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #3d85c6; font-size: large;">This mode is used primarily in applications such as data transfer between</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #3d85c6; font-size: large;">two computers or floppy disk controller interface.</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #3d85c6; font-size: large;">8. List the major components of 8279 keyboard /display interface?</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #3d85c6; font-size: large;">¨ Keyboard section</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #3d85c6; font-size: large;">¨ Scan section</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #3d85c6; font-size: large;">¨ Display section</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #3d85c6; font-size: large;">¨ MPU interface</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #3d85c6; font-size: large;">9. What is the purpose for scan section in Keyboard interface?</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #3d85c6; font-size: large;">The scan section has a scan counter and four scan lines. These scan lines</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #3d85c6; font-size: large;">can be decoded using a 4-to-16 decoder to generate 16 lines for scanning.</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #3d85c6; font-size: large;">10. What is USART?</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #3d85c6; font-size: large;">USART is an integrated circuit.It is a programmable device ;its function</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #3d85c6; font-size: large;">and specifications for serial I/O can be determined by writing instructions in its</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #3d85c6; font-size: large;">internal registers .</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #3d85c6; font-size: large;">11. Define parallel-to-serial conversion?</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #3d85c6; font-size: large;">In serial transmission, an 8-bit parallel word should be converted in to a</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #3d85c6; font-size: large;">stream of eight serial bits. This is known as parallel-to-serial conversion</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #3d85c6; font-size: large;">12. Define serial-to-parallel conversion?</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #3d85c6; font-size: large;">In serial reception, the MPU receives a stream of eight bits and it is</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #3d85c6; font-size: large;">converted in to 8-bit parallel word. This is known as serial -to- parallel conversion.</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #3d85c6; font-size: large;">13. Define simplex transmission?</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #3d85c6; font-size: large;">In simplex transmission, data are transmitted in only one direction.</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #3d85c6; font-size: large;">Example: transmission from a microcomputer to a printer</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #3d85c6; font-size: large;">14. Define Baud?</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #3d85c6; font-size: large;">The rate at which the bits are transmitted is called Baud.</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #3d85c6; font-size: large;">15. Write an instruction for serial output data?</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #3d85c6; font-size: large;">MVI A, 80H ;Set D7 in the accumulator = 1</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #3d85c6; font-size: large;">RAR ;Set D6 = 1</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #3d85c6; font-size: large;">SIM</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #3d85c6; font-size: large;">16. List the major components of 8251A programmable communication inteface?</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #3d85c6; font-size: large;">¨ Read/Write control logic</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #3d85c6; font-size: large;">¨ Three buffer registers</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #3d85c6; font-size: large;">¨ Data register</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #3d85c6; font-size: large;">¨ Control registertransmission receiver</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #3d85c6; font-size: large;">¨ Data bus buffer</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #3d85c6; font-size: large;">¨ Modem control</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #3d85c6; font-size: large;">17. Write the steps necessary to initialize a counter in write operations?</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #3d85c6; font-size: large;">¨ Write a control word into the control register</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #3d85c6; font-size: large;">¨ Load the low-order address byte</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #3d85c6; font-size: large;">¨ Load the high order byte</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #3d85c6; font-size: large;">18. Give the various modes of 8254 timer?</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #3d85c6; font-size: large;">o Mode 0: interrupt or terminal count</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #3d85c6; font-size: large;">o Mode 1: Rate generator</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #3d85c6; font-size: large;">o Mode 3:square wave generator</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #3d85c6; font-size: large;">o Mode 4: software triggered strobe</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #3d85c6; font-size: large;">o Mode 5:hardware triggered strobe</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #3d85c6; font-size: large;">19. What is read back command in 8254 timer?</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #3d85c6; font-size: large;">The Read- Back Command in 8254 allows the user to read the count and</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #3d85c6; font-size: large;">the status of the counter.</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #3d85c6; font-size: large;">20. What is transmitter section in USART?</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #3d85c6; font-size: large;">The transmitter section accepts parallel data from the MPU and converts</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #3d85c6; font-size: large;">them in to serial data. It has two registers. A buffer register and an output register</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #3d85c6; font-size: large;">UNIT V</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #3d85c6; font-size: large;">1. Define A/D and D/A converters?</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #3d85c6; font-size: large;">D/A converters transform a digital signal to an equivalent analog signal,</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #3d85c6; font-size: large;">and A/D converters transform an analog signal o an equivalent digital signal.</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #3d85c6; font-size: large;">2. What is resolution?</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #3d85c6; font-size: large;">Resolution of a converter determines the degree of accuracy in</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #3d85c6; font-size: large;">conversion.It is equal to 1/2</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #3d85c6; font-size: large;">n.</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #3d85c6; font-size: large;">3. To interface an A/D converter with the microprocessor ,what does the</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #3d85c6; font-size: large;">microprocessor do?</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #3d85c6; font-size: large;">The microprocessor should:</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #3d85c6; font-size: large;"> Send a pulse to the start pin</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #3d85c6; font-size: large;"> Wait until the end of the conversion</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #3d85c6; font-size: large;"> Read the digital signal at the input port</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #3d85c6; font-size: large;">4. Write instructions for the EXEC module,assuming the memory address where</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #3d85c6; font-size: large;">execution begin is in register DE?</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #3d85c6; font-size: large;">EXEC: PUSH</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #3d85c6; font-size: large;">RET</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #3d85c6; font-size: large;">5. What are the functions of a single-board micocomputer?</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #3d85c6; font-size: large;"> Check the keyboard fro data or functions</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #3d85c6; font-size: large;"> Display memory address, data, and results.</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #3d85c6; font-size: large;"> Execute programs</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #3d85c6; font-size: large;">6. What are the primary objectives of the 16-bit microprocessors</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #3d85c6; font-size: large;">¨ increase memory addressing</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #3d85c6; font-size: large;">¨ increase execution speed</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #3d85c6; font-size: large;">¨ provide a powerful instruction set</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #3d85c6; font-size: large;">7. What is BHE?</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #3d85c6; font-size: large;">BHE is Bus High enable. This is an active low signal used only in the</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #3d85c6; font-size: large;">8086 microprocessor to enable the high order byte of 16-bit data.</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #3d85c6; font-size: large;">8. How many flags are included in the 8086 programming model?</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #3d85c6; font-size: large;">Six data flags and three control flags.</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #3d85c6; font-size: large;">9. Write down the additional flags included in the 8086?</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #3d85c6; font-size: large;">OF overflow</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #3d85c6; font-size: large;">DF Direction Flag</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #3d85c6; font-size: large;">IF Interrupt flag</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #3d85c6; font-size: large;">TF Trap flag</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #3d85c6; font-size: large;">10. Write the advanced design features of Pentium processor?</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #3d85c6; font-size: large;">¨ Superscaler architecture</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #3d85c6; font-size: large;">¨ On-chip cache memory fro code and data</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #3d85c6; font-size: large;">¨ Branch prediction</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #3d85c6; font-size: large;">¨ Performance monitoring</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #3d85c6; font-size: large;">11. When a key closure is found, the microprocessor waits for 10 to 20 ms before it</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #3d85c6; font-size: large;">accepts an input? Write a delay routine for the above?</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #3d85c6; font-size: large;">DBONCE: PUSH B</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #3d85c6; font-size: large;">PUSH PSW</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #3d85c6; font-size: large;">LXI B,COUNT</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #3d85c6; font-size: large;">DCX B</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #3d85c6; font-size: large;">MOV A,C</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #3d85c6; font-size: large;">ORA B</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #3d85c6; font-size: large;">JNZ LOOP</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #3d85c6; font-size: large;">POP PSW</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #3d85c6; font-size: large;">POP BC</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #3d85c6; font-size: large;">RET</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #3d85c6; font-size: large;">12. Write a subroutine for KYCHK?</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #3d85c6; font-size: large;">KYCHK: IN PORTA</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #3d85c6; font-size: large;">CPI 0FFH</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #3d85c6; font-size: large;">JNZ KYCHK</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #3d85c6; font-size: large;">CALL DEBONCE</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #3d85c6; font-size: large;">13. Write a subroutine for KYPUSH?</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #3d85c6; font-size: large;">KYPUSH: IN PORTA</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #3d85c6; font-size: large;">CPI OFFH</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #3d85c6; font-size: large;">JZ KYPUSH</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #3d85c6; font-size: large;">CALL DEBONCE</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #3d85c6; font-size: large;">CMA</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #3d85c6; font-size: large;">ORA A</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #3d85c6; font-size: large;">JZ KYPUSH</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #3d85c6; font-size: large;">RET</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #3d85c6; font-size: large;">14. Write the data transfer from Master MPU to Slave MPU?</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #3d85c6; font-size: large;"> The master mpu reads the status</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #3d85c6; font-size: large;"> The master writes the data into port A</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #3d85c6; font-size: large;"> The slave checks the OBF signal</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #3d85c6; font-size: large;"> The slave MPU reads the data from port A</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #3d85c6; font-size: large;">15. Give the status word format for the bi-directional data transfer?</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #3d85c6; font-size: large;">D7 D6 D5 D4 D3 D2 D1 D0</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #3d85c6; font-size: large;">OBFA INTE1 IBFA INTE2 INTRA X X X</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #3d85c6; font-size: large;">Long Answers</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #3d85c6; font-size: large;">UNIT I</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #3d85c6; font-size: large;">1. Explain the architecture of 8085 microprocessor?</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #3d85c6; font-size: large;">Logic pin out of 8085 microprocessor</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #3d85c6; font-size: large;">Address bus: unidirectional bus, used as high order bus</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #3d85c6; font-size: large;">Data bus: bi-directional bus, used as low order address bus and</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #3d85c6; font-size: large;">data bus</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #3d85c6; font-size: large;">Control and status signals: two control signals, RD and WR</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #3d85c6; font-size: large;">Three status signals: I/O, S1, and S2</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #3d85c6; font-size: large;">Power supply and clock frequency: The signals are Vcc, Vss, X1,</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #3d85c6; font-size: large;">X2, and CLK</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #3d85c6; font-size: large;">Externally initiated signals, including frequency: five signals</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #3d85c6; font-size: large;">INTA, RESET, HOLD, READY, INTR</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #3d85c6; font-size: large;">Serial I/o ports: two signals, SID, SOD</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #3d85c6; font-size: large;">2. Explain the Internal architecture of the 8085 microprocessor?</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #3d85c6; font-size: large;">Block Diagram</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #3d85c6; font-size: large;">` ALU: performs computing functions. Includes accumulator, temporary</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #3d85c6; font-size: large;">register, five flags</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #3d85c6; font-size: large;">The five flags are: sign flag</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #3d85c6; font-size: large;">Zero flag</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #3d85c6; font-size: large;">Auxiliary carry flag</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #3d85c6; font-size: large;">Parity flag</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #3d85c6; font-size: large;">Carry flag</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #3d85c6; font-size: large;">Timing and control unit: communication between microprocessor and</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #3d85c6; font-size: large;">peripherals</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #3d85c6; font-size: large;">Instruction register and decoder: decodes the instruction</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #3d85c6; font-size: large;">Register array: used to hold the 8-bit data</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #3d85c6; font-size: large;">3. Describe the 8085 microcomputer with an example?</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #3d85c6; font-size: large;"> Machine cycles and Bus Timings</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #3d85c6; font-size: large;">Communication functions are divided in to three categories:</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #3d85c6; font-size: large;">1.memory read / write</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #3d85c6; font-size: large;">2. I/O read and write</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #3d85c6; font-size: large;">3. Request Acknowledge</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #3d85c6; font-size: large;"> Opcode fetch machine cycle</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #3d85c6; font-size: large;"> Memory read machine cycle</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #3d85c6; font-size: large;">o Calculated as</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #3d85c6; font-size: large;"> Clock frequency</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #3d85c6; font-size: large;"> T-state</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #3d85c6; font-size: large;"> Execution time for Opcode fetch</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #3d85c6; font-size: large;"> Execution time for Memory read</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #3d85c6; font-size: large;"> Execution time for Instruction</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #3d85c6; font-size: large;">4. Describe the concepts of memory interfacing?</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #3d85c6; font-size: large;">Memory structure and its requirements</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #3d85c6; font-size: large;">• R/W memory: 2048 registers, 11 address lines, one chip</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #3d85c6; font-size: large;">select, Two control lines</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #3d85c6; font-size: large;">• EPROM: 4096 registers, 12 address lines</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #3d85c6; font-size: large;">• Diagram</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #3d85c6; font-size: large;">Concepts of memory interfacing</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #3d85c6; font-size: large;">¨ Primary function is to read and write in to a given</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #3d85c6; font-size: large;">register and write in to a given register.</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #3d85c6; font-size: large;">¨ Timing diagram for reading in to a register</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #3d85c6; font-size: large;">¨ Timing diagram for writing in to a register</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #3d85c6; font-size: large;">Address decoding and memory address</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #3d85c6; font-size: large;">¨ Identify the result of the given register</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #3d85c6; font-size: large;">¨ Two methods</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #3d85c6; font-size: large;">¨ One using NAND gate</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #3d85c6; font-size: large;">¨ Other using 3- to- 8 Decoder</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #3d85c6; font-size: large;">¨ Diagram</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #3d85c6; font-size: large;">UNIT II</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #3d85c6; font-size: large;">1. Explain the instruction Classification?</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #3d85c6; font-size: large;">¨ Define the instruction set</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #3d85c6; font-size: large;">¨ Classification of the instruction</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #3d85c6; font-size: large;">• Data transfer operation: a group of instruction copies fron one</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #3d85c6; font-size: large;">location to another location</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #3d85c6; font-size: large;">• Arithematic operation: Addition, subtraction, Inc/dec</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #3d85c6; font-size: large;">• Logical operations: to perform logical operations</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #3d85c6; font-size: large;"> AND, Or, Exclusive-OR</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #3d85c6; font-size: large;"> Rotate</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #3d85c6; font-size: large;"> Compare</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #3d85c6; font-size: large;">¨ Branching Operations: alters the sequence of the program</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #3d85c6; font-size: large;">• Jump, Call, Return</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #3d85c6; font-size: large;">2. Describe the concept of Instructions and data format?</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #3d85c6; font-size: large;">Instruction size</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #3d85c6; font-size: large;">Classified in to three groups</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #3d85c6; font-size: large;"> 1-byte instruction: Opcode and operand in the same byte</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #3d85c6; font-size: large;"> 2-byte instruction: first byte specifies the Opcode and second byte</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #3d85c6; font-size: large;">specifies the operand</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #3d85c6; font-size: large;"> 3-byte instruction: first byte specifies the Opcode 2, 3, byte specifies</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #3d85c6; font-size: large;">the 16- bit address</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #3d85c6; font-size: large;">Opcode format:</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #3d85c6; font-size: large;"> All operations, registers have specific code .</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #3d85c6; font-size: large;">Code : 000 001 010 011 100 101 111 110</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #3d85c6; font-size: large;">registers :B C D E H L A memory</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #3d85c6; font-size: large;"> Examples</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #3d85c6; font-size: large;">Data Format</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #3d85c6; font-size: large;">Data formats used are</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #3d85c6; font-size: large;">¨ ASCII code</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #3d85c6; font-size: large;">¨ BCD code</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #3d85c6; font-size: large;">¨ Signed integer</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #3d85c6; font-size: large;">¨ unsigned integer</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #3d85c6; font-size: large;">3. Write an assembly language program to add two 16-bit numbers?</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #3d85c6; font-size: large;">Problem statement</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #3d85c6; font-size: large;">Program to perform addition of 16 bit numbers</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #3d85c6; font-size: large;">Program analysis</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #3d85c6; font-size: large;">Load the number in one register</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #3d85c6; font-size: large;">Load the other no in another register</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #3d85c6; font-size: large;">Increment</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #3d85c6; font-size: large;">add</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #3d85c6; font-size: large;">Program</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #3d85c6; font-size: large;">MVI D,88h</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #3d85c6; font-size: large;">MVI C, 82H</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #3d85c6; font-size: large;">INR C</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #3d85c6; font-size: large;">MOV A,C</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #3d85c6; font-size: large;">ADD D</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #3d85c6; font-size: large;">OUT PORT1</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #3d85c6; font-size: large;">HLT</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #3d85c6; font-size: large;">Program Description</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #3d85c6; font-size: large;">Program Output</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #3d85c6; font-size: large;">4. Explain the 8085 instruction set?</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #3d85c6; font-size: large;">Data transfer instruction</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #3d85c6; font-size: large;">¨ MOV Rd,Rs</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #3d85c6; font-size: large;">¨ MVI R,8 BIT</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #3d85c6; font-size: large;">¨ IN 8-BIT</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #3d85c6; font-size: large;">¨ LXI Rp, 16-BIT</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #3d85c6; font-size: large;">¨ STAX Rp</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #3d85c6; font-size: large;">Arithmetic instruction</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #3d85c6; font-size: large;">¨ ADD R</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #3d85c6; font-size: large;">¨ ADI 8-BIT</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #3d85c6; font-size: large;">¨ SUB R</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #3d85c6; font-size: large;">¨ SUI 8-BIT</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #3d85c6; font-size: large;">¨ INX Rp</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #3d85c6; font-size: large;">¨ DCX Rp</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #3d85c6; font-size: large;">¨ SUB M</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #3d85c6; font-size: large;">¨ INR M</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #3d85c6; font-size: large;">¨ DCR M</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #3d85c6; font-size: large;">¨ ADD M</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #3d85c6; font-size: large;">Logical instruction</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #3d85c6; font-size: large;">¨ ANA R/M</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #3d85c6; font-size: large;">¨ ANI 8-BIT</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #3d85c6; font-size: large;">¨ ORI 8-BIT</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #3d85c6; font-size: large;">¨ XAI 8-BIT</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #3d85c6; font-size: large;">¨ CMA</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #3d85c6; font-size: large;">¨ RLC</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #3d85c6; font-size: large;">¨ RAL</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #3d85c6; font-size: large;">¨ RRC</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #3d85c6; font-size: large;">Branch instruction</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #3d85c6; font-size: large;">¨ JMP 16-BIT ADDRESS</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #3d85c6; font-size: large;">¨ JZ</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #3d85c6; font-size: large;">¨ JNZ</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #3d85c6; font-size: large;">¨ JC</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #3d85c6; font-size: large;">¨ JNC</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #3d85c6; font-size: large;">¨ CALL</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #3d85c6; font-size: large;">¨ RET</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #3d85c6; font-size: large;">Machine control instruction</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #3d85c6; font-size: large;">¨ HLT</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #3d85c6; font-size: large;">¨ NOP</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #3d85c6; font-size: large;">5. Write an assembly language program to subtract a BCD number</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #3d85c6; font-size: large;">from another BCD number?</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #3d85c6; font-size: large;">Problem statement</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #3d85c6; font-size: large;">Program to perform BCD subtraction</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #3d85c6; font-size: large;">Program analysis</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #3d85c6; font-size: large;">Program</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #3d85c6; font-size: large;">MVI A,99H</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #3d85c6; font-size: large;">MVI B, 82H</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #3d85c6; font-size: large;">MVI C, 48H</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #3d85c6; font-size: large;">SUB C</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #3d85c6; font-size: large;">INR A</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #3d85c6; font-size: large;">ADD B</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #3d85c6; font-size: large;">DAA</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #3d85c6; font-size: large;">OUT PORT1</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #3d85c6; font-size: large;">HLT</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #3d85c6; font-size: large;">Program Description</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #3d85c6; font-size: large;">Program Output</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #3d85c6; font-size: large;">UNIT III</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #3d85c6; font-size: large;">1. Describe the 8085 Interrupts?</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #3d85c6; font-size: large;"> Describing the interrupt process in eight steps</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #3d85c6; font-size: large;"> RST instructions</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #3d85c6; font-size: large;"> Contains 8 RST instructions</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #3d85c6; font-size: large;"> Built with the help of resistors and tri state Buffer</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #3d85c6; font-size: large;"> When the processor encounters the Restart instruction in the</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #3d85c6; font-size: large;">subroutine , the program returns the address that was stored</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #3d85c6; font-size: large;">on the stack.</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #3d85c6; font-size: large;"> Implementation of 8085 interrupt</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #3d85c6; font-size: large;"> Problem Statement</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #3d85c6; font-size: large;"> Main programT-state</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #3d85c6; font-size: large;"> Description</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #3d85c6; font-size: large;"> Multiple interrupt</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #3d85c6; font-size: large;">2. Illustrate the Data Input from the DIP switches?</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #3d85c6; font-size: large;">Description of the hardware</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #3d85c6; font-size: large;"> Use tri state octal buffer,</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #3d85c6; font-size: large;"> 3- to-8-decoder</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #3d85c6; font-size: large;">Interfacing Circuit</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #3d85c6; font-size: large;">A7 A6 A5 A4 A3 A2 A1 A0</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #3d85c6; font-size: large;">1 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 = 84H</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #3d85c6; font-size: large;">Multiple port address</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #3d85c6; font-size: large;">¨ the address lines A3 and A4 may be 0 or 1</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #3d85c6; font-size: large;">Instructions to read input Port</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #3d85c6; font-size: large;">To read the instructions from the input port, the instruction</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #3d85c6; font-size: large;">IN 84H is used. When the instruction is executed, during the M3 cycle,</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #3d85c6; font-size: large;">the 8085 places the address 84H on the low-order bus</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #3d85c6; font-size: large;">3. Explain the concept of memory mapped I/O?</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #3d85c6; font-size: large;"> The input and output devices are identified by 16-bit address</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #3d85c6; font-size: large;"> Uses memory related instructions and control signals</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #3d85c6; font-size: large;"> Instead of a memory register, if an output device is connected at the</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #3d85c6; font-size: large;">address, the accumulator contents will be transferred to the output</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #3d85c6; font-size: large;">device. This is called memory mapped I/O</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #3d85c6; font-size: large;">Execution of memory related data transfer instructions</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #3d85c6; font-size: large;">¨ Decode the address bus to generate the deviceaddress</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #3d85c6; font-size: large;">pulse</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #3d85c6; font-size: large;">¨ AND the control signal</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #3d85c6; font-size: large;">¨ Use the device select pulse to enable the I/O</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #3d85c6; font-size: large;">Output port and its address</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #3d85c6; font-size: large;">Input port and its address</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #3d85c6; font-size: large;">Instructions are</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #3d85c6; font-size: large;">READ: LDA FFF9H</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #3d85c6; font-size: large;">CMA</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #3d85c6; font-size: large;">STA FFF8H</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #3d85c6; font-size: large;">JMP READ</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #3d85c6; font-size: large;">4. Explain the concept of interrupt Controller with 8259A ?</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #3d85c6; font-size: large;">Block Diagram</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #3d85c6; font-size: large;">Read /Write Logic</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #3d85c6; font-size: large;">Control Logic: two pins: INT, INTA</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #3d85c6; font-size: large;">Interrupt register and priority resolver: has eight request lines</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #3d85c6; font-size: large;">Cascade Buffer/Comparator: used to expand number of interrupt</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #3d85c6; font-size: large;">levels</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #3d85c6; font-size: large;">Interrupt operation</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #3d85c6; font-size: large;">The sequence of events occur are</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #3d85c6; font-size: large;">• The IRR stores the requests</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #3d85c6; font-size: large;">• priority register checks the three registers</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #3d85c6; font-size: large;">• The MPU acknowledges the interrupt</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #3d85c6; font-size: large;">• The program sequence is transferred to the memory location</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #3d85c6; font-size: large;">Priority Modes</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #3d85c6; font-size: large;">¨ Specific rotation mode</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #3d85c6; font-size: large;">¨ Automatic rotation mode</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #3d85c6; font-size: large;">¨ Fully Nested mode</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #3d85c6; font-size: large;">End of interrupt</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #3d85c6; font-size: large;">¨ NON specific EOI command</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #3d85c6; font-size: large;">¨ Specific EOI command</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #3d85c6; font-size: large;">Programming the 8259A</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #3d85c6; font-size: large;">` DI</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #3d85c6; font-size: large;">MVI A, 76H</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #3d85c6; font-size: large;">OUT 80H</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #3d85c6; font-size: large;">MVI 20H</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #3d85c6; font-size: large;">OUT 81H</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #3d85c6; font-size: large;">5. Decribe the DMA controller</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #3d85c6; font-size: large;">¨ Direct memory Access is an I/O technique commonly used</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #3d85c6; font-size: large;">for high speed data transfer</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #3d85c6; font-size: large;">¨ introduces two signal:HOLD, HLDA</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #3d85c6; font-size: large;">8237 DMA controller</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #3d85c6; font-size: large;">• DMA channels and interfacing</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #3d85c6; font-size: large;">• DMA signals</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #3d85c6; font-size: large;">¨ DREQ0-DREQ3</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #3d85c6; font-size: large;">¨ DACK0-DACK3</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #3d85c6; font-size: large;">¨ AEN, ADSTB</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #3d85c6; font-size: large;">¨ HRQ, HLDA</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #3d85c6; font-size: large;">• Diagram</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #3d85c6; font-size: large;">• System interface</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #3d85c6; font-size: large;">Programming the 8237</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #3d85c6; font-size: large;">¨ Write the control word in the mode register</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #3d85c6; font-size: large;">¨ Write a control word in the command register that specifies</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #3d85c6; font-size: large;">the parameters</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #3d85c6; font-size: large;">¨ Write the starting address</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #3d85c6; font-size: large;">¨ Write the count in the channel count</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #3d85c6; font-size: large;">UNIT IV</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #3d85c6; font-size: large;">1. Explain the 8255 Programmable peripheral interface?</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #3d85c6; font-size: large;">Block Diagram of 8255A</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #3d85c6; font-size: large;"> Control Logic</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #3d85c6; font-size: large;"> Control word</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #3d85c6; font-size: large;">Mode 0:Simple input/output</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #3d85c6; font-size: large;"> Outputs are latched</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #3d85c6; font-size: large;"> Inputs are not latched</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #3d85c6; font-size: large;"> Ports do not have handshake or interrupt capability</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #3d85c6; font-size: large;">BSR mode</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #3d85c6; font-size: large;">¨ BSR control word</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #3d85c6; font-size: large;">¨ Port address</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #3d85c6; font-size: large;">¨ Subroutine</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #3d85c6; font-size: large;">Mode 1:Input /output with hand shake</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #3d85c6; font-size: large;">Mode 2:Bidirectional data transfer</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #3d85c6; font-size: large;">2. Explain the concept of 8251 USART?</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #3d85c6; font-size: large;">USART is an integrated circuit.It is a programmable device ;its function</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #3d85c6; font-size: large;">and specifications for serial I/O can be determined by writing instructions in its</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #3d85c6; font-size: large;">internal registers</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #3d85c6; font-size: large;">Read/write control logic and registers</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #3d85c6; font-size: large;"> Chip select</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #3d85c6; font-size: large;"> Control/data</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #3d85c6; font-size: large;"> Write</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #3d85c6; font-size: large;"> Read</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #3d85c6; font-size: large;"> RESET</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #3d85c6; font-size: large;"> CLK</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #3d85c6; font-size: large;">Transmitter Section</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #3d85c6; font-size: large;"> TxD</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #3d85c6; font-size: large;"> TxC</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #3d85c6; font-size: large;"> TxRDY</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #3d85c6; font-size: large;"> TxE</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #3d85c6; font-size: large;">Receiver Section</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #3d85c6; font-size: large;"> Rxd</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #3d85c6; font-size: large;"> RxC</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #3d85c6; font-size: large;"> RxRDY</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #3d85c6; font-size: large;">Block Diagram And initializing the 8251A</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #3d85c6; font-size: large;">3. Explain 8279 keyboard display controller</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #3d85c6; font-size: large;">Block Diagram of the 8279</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #3d85c6; font-size: large;">Keyboard Section</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #3d85c6; font-size: large;">¨ Eight lines</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #3d85c6; font-size: large;">¨ The keys are automatically debounced</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #3d85c6; font-size: large;">¨ Also includes 8 x 8 FIFO</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #3d85c6; font-size: large;">Scan Section</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #3d85c6; font-size: large;">¨ Scan counter</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #3d85c6; font-size: large;">¨ Four scan lines</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #3d85c6; font-size: large;">Display section</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #3d85c6; font-size: large;">¨ Has eight output lines</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #3d85c6; font-size: large;">¨ Display can be blanked by using BD line</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #3d85c6; font-size: large;">MPU interface section</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #3d85c6; font-size: large;">¨ 8 bidirectional data lines</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #3d85c6; font-size: large;">• 1 interrupt request line</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #3d85c6; font-size: large;">• six lines for interfacing</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #3d85c6; font-size: large;">Programming the 8279</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #3d85c6; font-size: large;">¨ Circuit description</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #3d85c6; font-size: large;">¨ Decoding logic and port addresses</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #3d85c6; font-size: large;">¨ Initializations instructions</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #3d85c6; font-size: large;">UNIT V</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #3d85c6; font-size: large;">1. Describe how to interface an 8-bit D/A converter with the 8085?</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #3d85c6; font-size: large;">D/A Converter Circuits</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #3d85c6; font-size: large;"> Diagram</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #3d85c6; font-size: large;"> Requires three elements</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #3d85c6; font-size: large;"> R/2R ladder network</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #3d85c6; font-size: large;">Interfacing the 8-bit D/A converter</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #3d85c6; font-size: large;"> Shareware description</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #3d85c6; font-size: large;"> Program</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #3d85c6; font-size: large;"> Operating the D/A converter</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #3d85c6; font-size: large;">2. Explain bi-directional data transfer between tow microcomputers</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #3d85c6; font-size: large;">Problem statement</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #3d85c6; font-size: large;">Design a interfacing circuit to set up the bi-directional data</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #3d85c6; font-size: large;">communication in the master slave format between two microcomputers.</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #3d85c6; font-size: large;">Problem Analysis</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #3d85c6; font-size: large;">Data transfer from master to slave</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #3d85c6; font-size: large;"> The master mpu reads the status</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #3d85c6; font-size: large;"> The master writes the data into port A</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #3d85c6; font-size: large;"> The slave checks the OBF signal</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #3d85c6; font-size: large;"> The slave MPU reads the data from port A</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #3d85c6; font-size: large;">Data transfer from slave to master</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #3d85c6; font-size: large;"> The slave checks the hand shake signal</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #3d85c6; font-size: large;"> The salve MPU places data on the data bus</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #3d85c6; font-size: large;"> The master checks the OBF signal</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #3d85c6; font-size: large;"> The master MPU reads the data from port A</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #3d85c6; font-size: large;">Hardware signal</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #3d85c6; font-size: large;">Program</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #3d85c6; font-size: large;">3. Illustrate: Interfacing Keyboard and Seven-Segment Display?</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #3d85c6; font-size: large;">Problem Statement:</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #3d85c6; font-size: large;">Write a program to monitor the keyboard sense a key is pressed and</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #3d85c6; font-size: large;">display the number of the key at the seven-segment display</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #3d85c6; font-size: large;">Problem Analysis:</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #3d85c6; font-size: large;">Programming can be divided in to four categories</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #3d85c6; font-size: large;">1. Check if a key is pressed</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #3d85c6; font-size: large;">2. Debounce a key</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #3d85c6; font-size: large;">3. Identify and encode the key</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #3d85c6; font-size: large;">4. Obtain the seven-segment code and display it</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #3d85c6; font-size: large;">Keyboard: subroutines for KYCHK and KYCODE</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #3d85c6; font-size: large;">Key DEBOUNCE: Write a delay routine</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #3d85c6; font-size: large;">DBONCE: PUSH B</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #3d85c6; font-size: large;">PUSH PSW</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #3d85c6; font-size: large;">LXI B,COUNT</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #3d85c6; font-size: large;">DCX B</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #3d85c6; font-size: large;">MOV A,C</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #3d85c6; font-size: large;">ORA B</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #3d85c6; font-size: large;">JNZ LOOP</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #3d85c6; font-size: large;">POP PSW</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #3d85c6; font-size: large;">POP BC</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #3d85c6; font-size: large;">RET</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #3d85c6; font-size: large;">Main Program</span><br />
<script type="text/javascript">
</script></div>Anonymoushttp://www.blogger.com/profile/17584789907165764161noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-373343443959566174.post-80125968934732007212012-01-10T04:26:00.000-08:002012-01-10T04:26:27.625-08:00DATA STRUCTURES QUESTION SET-1<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on"><br />
<div class="Section1"> <div> <table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" hspace="0" vspace="0"><tbody>
<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"> <div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;"><span style="font-size: 20px;"><br />
</span></span></div></td></tr>
</tbody></table><div class="Section1"> <div style="text-align: -webkit-auto;"><table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" hspace="0" vspace="0"><tbody>
<tr><td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 15pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">1.Discuss Performance Analysis and Performance Measurement.</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td></tr>
</tbody></table></div><div style="text-align: -webkit-auto;"><table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" hspace="0" vspace="0"><tbody>
<tr><td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 15pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">2.Discuss Time and Space complexity with example. A also discuss average, best and worst case analysi</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">s </span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 15pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">for it.</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td></tr>
</tbody></table></div><div style="text-align: -webkit-auto;"><table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" hspace="0" vspace="0"><tbody>
<tr><td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 15pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">3.Define Data Structure and classify it.</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td></tr>
</tbody></table></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" hspace="0" vspace="0"><tbody>
<tr><td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 15pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">4.Define array and give its representation.</span></div></td></tr>
</tbody></table></div><div style="text-align: -webkit-auto;"><table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" hspace="0" vspace="0"><tbody>
<tr><td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 15pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">5.Discuss applications of an array.</span></div></td></tr>
</tbody></table></div><div style="text-align: -webkit-auto;"><table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" hspace="0" vspace="0"><tbody>
<tr><td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 15pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">6.Discuss sparse matrix and its representation.</span></div></td></tr>
</tbody></table></div><div><table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" hspace="0" vspace="0"><tbody>
<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"> <div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 15pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">7.Discuss a stack with all its operations. Write algorithms for all those operation.</span></div></td></tr>
</tbody></table></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" hspace="0" vspace="0"><tbody>
<tr><td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 15pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">8.Write user-defined functions in C to perform four stack operations.</span></div></td></tr>
</tbody></table></div><div style="text-align: -webkit-auto;"><table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" hspace="0" vspace="0"><tbody>
<tr><td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 15pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">9.Write a Recognize algorithm.</span></div></td></tr>
</tbody></table></div><div><table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" hspace="0" vspace="0"><tbody>
<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"> <div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 15pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">10.Define the concept of recursion with suitable example.</span></div></td></tr>
</tbody></table></div><div style="text-align: -webkit-auto;"><table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" hspace="0" vspace="0"><tbody>
<tr><td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 15pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">11.Discuss a stack application "Tower of Hanoi" with algorithm.</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td></tr>
</tbody></table></div><div style="text-align: -webkit-auto;"><table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" hspace="0" vspace="0"><tbody>
<tr><td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 15pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">12.Write user-defined function in C for Tower of Hanoi for N discs and 3 Towers.</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td></tr>
</tbody></table></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" hspace="0" vspace="0"><tbody>
<tr><td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 15pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">13.Write a 'C’ program for followings using recursion:</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td></tr>
</tbody></table></div><div><div style="text-align: -webkit-auto;"><table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" hspace="0" vspace="0"><tbody>
<tr><td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 15pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">a.GCD (Greatest Common Divisor)</span></div></td></tr>
</tbody></table></div></div><div> <table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" hspace="0" vspace="0"><tbody>
<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"> <div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 15pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">b.Factorial</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
</tbody></table></div><div style="text-align: -webkit-auto;"><table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" hspace="0" vspace="0"><tbody>
<tr><td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 15pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">c.Decimal to its equivalent Binary number conversion</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td></tr>
</tbody></table></div><div> <table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" hspace="0" vspace="0"><tbody>
<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"> <div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 15pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">14.Explain Postfix Notation in detail with suitable example.</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
</tbody></table></div><div style="text-align: -webkit-auto;"><table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" hspace="0" vspace="0"><tbody>
<tr><td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 15pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">15.Write an algorithm or ‘C’ user defined function for convergence of a given infix </span></div></td></tr>
</tbody></table></div><div style="text-align: -webkit-auto;"><table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" hspace="0" vspace="0"><tbody>
<tr><td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 20px;">notation to postfix </span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 15pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">notation using stack.</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td></tr>
</tbody></table></div><div> <table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" hspace="0" vspace="0"><tbody>
<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"> <div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 15pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">16.Write a 'C' program to convert parenthesis-less infix expression to postfix expression.</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
</tbody></table></div><div style="text-align: -webkit-auto;"><table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" hspace="0" vspace="0"><tbody>
<tr><td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 15pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">17.Convert following infix expression into postfix format showing stack status after every step in tabular </span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 20px;">form.</span></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;"><span style="font-size: 20px;"><br />
</span></span></div></td></tr>
</tbody></table></div><div style="text-align: -webkit-auto;"><table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" hspace="0" vspace="0"><tbody>
<tr><td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 15pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">a.A+(B*C-(D/E^F)*G)*H b. (A*B+(C/D))-F</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td></tr>
</tbody></table></div><div> <table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" hspace="0" vspace="0"><tbody>
<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"> <div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 15pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">c. A*B/C/D-E*F*G*(H-2) d. X/2/N-2$M/3</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
</tbody></table></div><div> <table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" hspace="0" vspace="0"><tbody>
<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"> <div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 15pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">e. A+B+C+2/9*3*4 f. A + B*(C+ D/E*F* (G + H) * I)- K</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
</tbody></table></div><div> <table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" hspace="0" vspace="0"><tbody>
<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"> <div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 15pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">g. (A + B * C / D - E + F / G / ( H + I))</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
</tbody></table></div><div> <table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" hspace="0" vspace="0"><tbody>
<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"> <div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 15pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">h. ( A + B ) * C + D / ( B + A * C ) + D</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
</tbody></table></div><div> <table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" hspace="0" vspace="0"><tbody>
<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"> <div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 15pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">I. A*(B+C/D*E)/(F+G*H/(I+J)) j. A+B*C-D/E*H</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"> <div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 15pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">k. ((A+B)*C-(D-E))$(F+G)</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
</tbody></table></div><div> <table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" hspace="0" vspace="0"><tbody>
<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"> <div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 15pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">l. P * (Q - R/S * T) / (A + B * C/D + E)) + F</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"> <div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 15pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">18.Convert following infix expressions to polish(prefix) notation.</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
</tbody></table></div><div style="text-align: -webkit-auto;"><table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" hspace="0" vspace="0"><tbody>
<tr><td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 15pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">a.A+B*C-D/E*H b. A*(B+C/D*E)/(F+G*H/(I+J))</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td></tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"> <div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 15pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">19.Write an algorithm for evaluation of postfix expression.</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
</tbody></table></div><div style="text-align: -webkit-auto;"><table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" hspace="0" vspace="0"><tbody>
<tr><td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 15pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">20.Evaluate the following expression showing status of stack in tabular Form:</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td></tr>
</tbody></table></div><div style="text-align: -webkit-auto;"><table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" hspace="0" vspace="0"><tbody>
<tr><td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 15pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">a.5 4 6 + * 4 9 3 / + * b . 7 5 2 + * 4 1 1 + / -</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td></tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"> <div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 15pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">20.Consider the following arithmetic expression P, written in postfix notation. Translate it in infix notation</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
</tbody></table></div><div style="text-align: -webkit-auto;"><table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" hspace="0" vspace="0"><tbody>
<tr><td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 15pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">and evaluate. P: 12, 7, 3, -, /, 2, 1, 5, +, *, +</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td></tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"> <div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 15pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">21.State the difference between LIFO and FIFO.</span></div></td></tr>
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<tr><td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 15pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">22.Discuss representation of Queue and operations on Queue.</span></div></td></tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"> <div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 15pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">23.Write an algorithm to insert an element into and delete an element from singly queue.</span></div></td></tr>
</tbody></table></div></div></div></div></div>Anonymoushttp://www.blogger.com/profile/17584789907165764161noreply@blogger.com1tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-373343443959566174.post-44325316439446364712012-01-10T04:03:00.000-08:002012-01-10T04:03:56.034-08:00Salient Features Of Unix<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on"><br />
<div class="MsoNormal"><b style="background-color: white;"><span style="color: #674ea7;">The Salient features of unix are :</span></b></div><div class="MsoNormal"><b style="background-color: white;"><span style="color: #cc0000; font-family: inherit;">1. Popularity : The unix operating system have wide range of computing power from microcomputers, mainframes and different manufacture’s machine.</span></b></div><div class="MsoNormal"><b style="background-color: white;"><span style="color: #cc0000;">2.<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> Portability : It is easier to read, understand, change and move to other machines because it is written in high-level language. The code can be changed and complied on a new machine. Users can then choose from a wide variety of hardware vendors without being locked in with a particular vendor. <br />
</span>3.<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> Machine-independence : The system is machine-independent. So , it is easier to write applications that can run on micros, mins and mainframes because the system hides the machine architecture from the user.<o:p></o:p></span></span></b></div><div class="MsoNormal"><span style="background-color: white; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"><b><span style="color: #cc0000;">4. Multi-User Operations : UNIX is a multi-user system designed to support a group of users simultaneously. The system allows for the sharing of processing power and peripheral resources, white at the same time providing excellent security features.<o:p></o:p></span></b></span></div><div class="MsoNormal"><span style="background-color: white; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"><b><span style="color: #cc0000;">5. Hierarchical File System : UNIX uses a hierarchile file structure to store information. This structure has the maximum flexibility in grouping information in a way that reflects its natural state. It allows for easy maintenance and efficient implementation. <br />
6. UNIX shell : UNIX has a simple user interface called the shell that has the power to provide the services that the user wants. It protects the user from having to know the intricate hardware details. <br />
7. Pipes and Filters : UNIX has facilities called Pipes and Filters which permit the user to create complex programs from simple programs. <br />
8. Utilities : UNIX has over 200 utility programs for various functions. New utilities can be built effortlessly by combining existing utilities.<o:p></o:p></span></b></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;"><span style="background-color: white; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><b><span style="color: #cc0000;">9. Software Development Tools : UNIX offers an excellent variety of tools for software development for all phases, from program editing to maintenance of software.<o:p></o:p></span></b></span></div><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;"><b style="background-color: white;"><span style="color: #cc0000;"><br />
</span></b> <!--[if !supportLineBreakNewLine]--><br />
<!--[endif]--></span></div>Anonymoushttp://www.blogger.com/profile/17584789907165764161noreply@blogger.com1tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-373343443959566174.post-48890915792841265742012-01-10T01:49:00.000-08:002012-01-10T01:53:38.605-08:00UNIX FILE SYSTEM<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on"><br />
<div class="Section1"><div><table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" hspace="0" vspace="0"><tbody>
<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 21pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">File Systems in Unix</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr><td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;"><b><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 17pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">Contents</span></b><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td></tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;"><b><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 17pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">1 Introduction</span></b><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">In Unix, the files are organized into a tree structure with a root named by the character ’/’. The first few</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">levels of the tree look like this:</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">/</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">|</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">---------------------</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">/ | | | \</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">etc bin usr tmp dev</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">| |</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">------ --------</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">/ \ / \</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">ls .. csh ucb ... lib</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">Your own files form a subtree of this tree. For example, in many systems the user files are subdirectories</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">of a directory named ‘home’ within ‘usr’; if we had users Jack and Jill, for example, Jack’s home directory</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">would be /usr/home/jack, and all his files would be within that subtree, and the analogous statement would</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">hold for Jill.</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">Suppose Jill’s directory looks like this:</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">jill</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">|</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr><td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">/ | | | \</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td></tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">hill water pail story misc</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">| |</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
</tbody></table></div><div style="text-align: -webkit-auto;"><table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" hspace="0" vspace="0"><tbody>
<tr><td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">/ \ |</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td></tr>
</tbody></table></div></div><div class="Section1"><div><table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" hspace="0" vspace="0"><tbody>
<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">fresh salt rocks</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
</tbody></table></div><div><table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" hspace="0" vspace="0"><tbody>
<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">File names can be given either in relative terms, or with full path names. Look at the file ‘salt’ above. If we</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
</tbody></table></div><div><table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" hspace="0" vspace="0"><tbody>
<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">are in the directory ‘water’, we can refer to this file as simply</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">salt</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">If we are in the directory above, i.e. the one named ‘jill’, then we must write</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">water/salt</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
</tbody></table></div><div><table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" hspace="0" vspace="0"><tbody>
<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">If we are in the directory ‘misc’, we can write either</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
</tbody></table></div><div><table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" hspace="0" vspace="0"><tbody>
<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">../salt</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">or</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
</tbody></table></div><div><table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" hspace="0" vspace="0"><tbody>
<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">˜/water/salt</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">If we are not in any of Jill’s directories, we can write</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
</tbody></table></div><div><table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" hspace="0" vspace="0"><tbody>
<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">˜jill/water/salt</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">In any case, the full pathname will work:</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">/usr/home/jill/water/salt</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;"><b><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 17pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">2 File Types</span></b><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">There are four types of files in the Unix file system.</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;"><b><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">2.1 Ordinary Files</span></b><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">An ordinary file may contain text, a program, or other data. It can be either an ASCII file, with each of its</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">bytes being in the numerical range 0 to 127, i.e. in the 7-bit range, or a binary file, whose bytes can be of all</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">possible values 0 to 255, in the 8-bit range.</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
</tbody></table></div><div style="text-align: -webkit-auto;"><table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" hspace="0" vspace="0"><tbody>
<tr><td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;"><b><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">2.2 Directory Files</span></b><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td></tr>
</tbody></table></div></div><div class="Section1"><div><table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" hspace="0" vspace="0"><tbody>
<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">Suppose that in the directory x I have a, b and c, and that b is a directory, containing files u and v. Then b</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
</tbody></table></div><div><table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" hspace="0" vspace="0"><tbody>
<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">can be viewed not only as a directory, containing further files, but also as a file itself. The file b consists of</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">information about the directory b; i.e. the file b has information stating that the directory b has files u and v,</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
</tbody></table></div><div><table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" hspace="0" vspace="0"><tbody>
<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">how large they are, when they were last modified, etc.</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
</tbody></table></div><div><table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" hspace="0" vspace="0"><tbody>
<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 8.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">1</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
</tbody></table></div><div><table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" hspace="0" vspace="0"><tbody>
<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;"><b><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">2.3 Device Files</span></b><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">In Unix, physical devices (printers, terminals etc.) are represented as “files.” This seems odd at first, but it</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">really makes sense: This way, the same</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;"><b><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">read()</span></b><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">and</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
</tbody></table></div><div><table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" hspace="0" vspace="0"><tbody>
<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;"><b><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">write()</span></b><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">functions used to read and write real files can</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">also be used to read from and write to these devices.</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
</tbody></table></div><div><table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" hspace="0" vspace="0"><tbody>
<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;"><b><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">2.4 Link Files</span></b><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">Suppose we have a file X, and type</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">ln X Y</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">If we then run</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;"><b><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">ls</span></b><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
</tbody></table></div><div><table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" hspace="0" vspace="0"><tbody>
<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">, it will appear that a new file, Y, has been created, as a copy of X, as if we had typed</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">cp X Y</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
</tbody></table></div><div><table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" hspace="0" vspace="0"><tbody>
<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">However, the difference is the</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
</tbody></table></div><div><table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" hspace="0" vspace="0"><tbody>
<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;"><b><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">cp</span></b><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
</tbody></table></div><div><table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" hspace="0" vspace="0"><tbody>
<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">does create a new file, while</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
</tbody></table></div><div><table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" hspace="0" vspace="0"><tbody>
<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;"><b><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">ln</span></b><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
</tbody></table></div><div><table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" hspace="0" vspace="0"><tbody>
<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">merely gives an alternate name to an old</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
</tbody></table></div><div><table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" hspace="0" vspace="0"><tbody>
<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">file. If we make Y using</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
</tbody></table></div><div><table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" hspace="0" vspace="0"><tbody>
<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;"><b><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">ln</span></b><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
</tbody></table></div><div><table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" hspace="0" vspace="0"><tbody>
<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">, then Y is merely a new name for the same physical file X.</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
</tbody></table></div><div><table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" hspace="0" vspace="0"><tbody>
<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;"><b><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 17pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">3 Obtaining Information About the Files in a Given Directory</span></b><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">The ‘a’ (“all”) and ‘l’ (“long”) options of the</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;"><b><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">ls</span></b><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
</tbody></table></div><div><table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" hspace="0" vspace="0"><tbody>
<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">command will give us a lot of information about files in a</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">specified directory (if we don’t specify a directory, then the current directory is assumed). Here is a sample</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">output from typing</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">ls -al</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">drwxr-xr-x 6 ecs4005 1024 Apr 22 13:30 ./</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
</tbody></table></div><div><table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" hspace="0" vspace="0"><tbody>
<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">drwxr-xr-x 74 root 1536 Mar 24 12:51 ../</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
</tbody></table></div><div><table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" hspace="0" vspace="0"><tbody>
<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">-rw------- 1 ecs4005 188 Apr 13 15:53 .login</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
</tbody></table></div><div><table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" hspace="0" vspace="0"><tbody>
<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">-rw------- 1 ecs4005 6 Mar 24 11:29 .logout</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
</tbody></table></div><div><table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" hspace="0" vspace="0"><tbody>
<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">-rw------- 1 ecs4005 253 Apr 10 12:50 .xinitrc</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
</tbody></table></div><div><table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" hspace="0" vspace="0"><tbody>
<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">-rw-r--r-- 1 ecs4005 516 Apr 10 13:00 .twmrc</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
</tbody></table></div><div><table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" hspace="0" vspace="0"><tbody>
<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">-rw-r--r-- 1 ecs4005 1600 Apr 22 10:59 test2.out</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
</tbody></table></div><div><table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" hspace="0" vspace="0"><tbody>
<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 9.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">The</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
</tbody></table></div><div><table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" hspace="0" vspace="0"><tbody>
<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;"><b><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 9.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">ls</span></b><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
</tbody></table></div><div><table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" hspace="0" vspace="0"><tbody>
<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 9.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">command gets its information about the directory b by reading the file b.</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 5.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">1</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
</tbody></table></div><div style="text-align: -webkit-auto;"><table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" hspace="0" vspace="0"><tbody>
<tr><td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">The output is separated into six columns:</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td></tr>
</tbody></table></div></div><div class="Section1"><div><table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" hspace="0" vspace="0"><tbody>
<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">1st column - access permissions (see below)</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">2nd column - number of file entries (in the case of directory files)</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
</tbody></table></div><div><table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" hspace="0" vspace="0"><tbody>
<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">3rd column - owner</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">4th column - size in bytes</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">5th column - date and time of last modification</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
</tbody></table></div><div><table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" hspace="0" vspace="0"><tbody>
<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">6th column - name</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
</tbody></table></div><div><table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" hspace="0" vspace="0"><tbody>
<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;"><b><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 17pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">4 File Access Control</span></b><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">In Unix, all files are protected under some access control mechanism, so that the owner of a file can deny</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
</tbody></table></div><div><table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" hspace="0" vspace="0"><tbody>
<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">access of his files to other users. The first column of the long directory list shows the access characteristics</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
</tbody></table></div><div><table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" hspace="0" vspace="0"><tbody>
<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">of a file, in te form of 10 ags, e.g. drwxr-xr-x.</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
</tbody></table></div><div><table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" hspace="0" vspace="0"><tbody>
<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">The meanings of the ags are shown below:</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">Position 1 file type: d (directory)</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">- (ordinary file)</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">l (symbolic link)</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">Position 2-4 permissions for the owner: r (read)</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">w (write)</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">x (execute)</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">Position 5-7 permissions for other users in the same group</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">Position 8-10 permissions for all other users</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">Note that a hyphen (‘-’) denotes lack of the given permission type. For example, r-x would mean that read</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">and execute permission are granted, but not write permission.</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">In order to remove a file, you must have write permission for it.</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">In order to view the contents of a directory, i.e. see what files are there, you need read permission for that</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">directory. In order to actually access a file (read from it, write to it, or execute it) in the directory, you need</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">execute permission for the directory.</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;"><b><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 17pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">5 Some File Commands</span></b><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;"><b><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">5.1 chmod</span></b><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">You can use this command to change the access permissions of any file for which you are the owner. The</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">notation used is:</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
</tbody></table></div><div style="text-align: -webkit-auto;"><table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" hspace="0" vspace="0"><tbody>
<tr><td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">u user (i.e. owner)</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td></tr>
</tbody></table></div></div><div class="Section1"><div><table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" hspace="0" vspace="0"><tbody>
<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">g group</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">o others</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">+ add permission</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">- remove permission</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">r read</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">w write</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">x execute</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">As an example, the command</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">chmod ugo+rw .login</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">would add read and write permission for all users to the .login file of the person issuing this command.</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">In some cases it is useful for a user to deny himself/herself permission to write to a file, e.g. to make sure</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">he/she doesn’t remove the file by mistake.</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;"><b><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">5.2 du and df</span></b><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">The du command displays the sizes in kilobytes of all files in the specified directory, and the total of all</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">those sizes; if no directory is specified, the current directory is assumed.</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">The df command displays the amount of unused space left in your disk systems.</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;"><b><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">5.3 diff</span></b><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">This command displays line-by-line differences between two ASCII files. If for example, you have two</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">versions of a C source file but don’t remember how the new version differs from the old one, you could type</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">diff oldprog.c newprog.c</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;"><b><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 17pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">6 Wild Cards</span></b><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">These will save you a lot of typing!</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">There are two wild-card characters in Unix, ‘*’ and ‘?’.</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">The wildcard ‘*’ will matches with any string of characters. For example,</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
</tbody></table></div><div><table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" hspace="0" vspace="0"><tbody>
<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">rm *.c</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
</tbody></table></div><div><table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" hspace="0" vspace="0"><tbody>
<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">would delete all files in the current directory whose names end with ‘.c’.</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
</tbody></table></div><div><table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" hspace="0" vspace="0"><tbody>
<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">The wildcard ‘?’ will match with any single character. For example,</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
</tbody></table></div><div style="text-align: -webkit-auto;"><table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" hspace="0" vspace="0"><tbody>
<tr><td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">rm x?b.c</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td></tr>
</tbody></table></div></div><div><table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" hspace="0" vspace="0"><tbody>
<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">would delete all files whose names consisted of five characters, the first of which was ‘x’ and the last three</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
</tbody></table></div><div><table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" hspace="0" vspace="0"><tbody>
<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">of which were ‘b.c’. Example: rm prog?.c will delete all the files (in the current directory) The files x3b.c</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
</tbody></table></div><div><table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" hspace="0" vspace="0"><tbody>
<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">and xrb.c would be deleted, while the file xuvb.c would not.</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
</tbody></table></div><div><table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" hspace="0" vspace="0"><tbody>
<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">In addition,</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
</tbody></table></div><div><table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" hspace="0" vspace="0"><tbody>
<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">[0-9] matches character from ‘0’ through ‘9’</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
</tbody></table></div><div><table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" hspace="0" vspace="0"><tbody>
<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">[a-z] matches character from ‘a’ through ‘z’</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
</tbody></table></div><div><table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" hspace="0" vspace="0"><tbody>
<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">For instance,</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
</tbody></table></div><div><table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" hspace="0" vspace="0"><tbody>
<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">rm test[1-3].c</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
</tbody></table></div><div><table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" hspace="0" vspace="0"><tbody>
<tr> <td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">would remove test1.c, test2.c and test3.c but not test4.c.</span></div></td></tr>
</tbody></table></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;"><br />
</div></div>Anonymoushttp://www.blogger.com/profile/17584789907165764161noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-373343443959566174.post-4717842931115894742012-01-06T09:41:00.000-08:002012-01-06T10:01:43.580-08:00Software Engineering<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on"><br />
<div align="right" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: right;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 9.0pt; mso-list: l39 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: -9.0pt 0in list 9.0pt .25in; text-indent: -.25in;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><b><span style="font-family: "Bookman Old Style","serif"; font-size: 10.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Bookman Old Style"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Bookman Old Style";">1.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></b><!--[endif]--><b><span style="font-family: "Bookman Old Style","serif"; font-size: 10.5pt;">Q: Define the term Software Engineering. How it is different from Computer System Engineering? [B.E. 2007C, 2008]<o:p></o:p></span></b></div><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: -27.0pt; tab-stops: -9.0pt 0in; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Bookman Old Style","serif"; font-size: 10.5pt;">OR<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal"><b><span style="font-family: "Bookman Old Style","serif"; font-size: 10.5pt;">Define the term “Software Engineering” and distinguish it from Computer Science [B. E. 2008C]<o:p></o:p></span></b></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: -27.0pt; tab-stops: -9.0pt 0in;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: -27.0pt; tab-stops: -9.0pt 0in;"><span style="font-family: "Bookman Old Style","serif"; font-size: 10.5pt;"> <b>Answer:<o:p></o:p></b></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: -9.35pt; tab-stops: -9.0pt 0in; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="font-family: "Bookman Old Style","serif"; font-size: 10.5pt;">Software engineering is an engineering approach for software development. We can alternatively view it as a systematic collection of past experience. The experience is arranged in the form of methodologies and guidelines. Software Engineering discusses systematic and cost-effective and efficient techniques to software development. Alternatively we can define software engineering as “A discipline whose aim is the production of quality software, software that is delivered on time, within budget, and that satisfies its requirements”<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: -9.35pt; tab-stops: -9.0pt 0in; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="font-family: "Bookman Old Style","serif"; font-size: 10.5pt;">In general, we assume that the software being developed would run on some general-purpose hardware platform such as a desktop computer. But, in several situations it may be necessary to develop special hardware on which the software would run. The Computer Systems Engineering addresses development of such systems requiring development of both software and specific hardware to sun the software. Thus Computer system Engineering encompasses software engineering.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: -9.35pt; tab-stops: -9.0pt 0in; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 9.0pt; mso-list: l39 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: -9.0pt 0in list 9.0pt .25in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><b><span style="font-family: "Bookman Old Style","serif"; font-size: 10.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Bookman Old Style"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Bookman Old Style";">2.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></b><!--[endif]--><b><span style="font-family: "Bookman Old Style","serif"; font-size: 10.5pt;">Q</span></b><span style="font-family: "Bookman Old Style","serif"; font-size: 10.5pt;">: </span><b><span style="font-family: 'Bookman Old Style', serif; font-size: 11.5pt;">Identify the two important techniques that software engineering uses to tackle the problem of exponential growth of problem complexity with its size. </span></b><b><span style="font-family: "Bookman Old Style","serif"; font-size: 10.5pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></b></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: -9.35pt; tab-stops: -9.0pt 0in; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><b><span style="font-family: 'Bookman Old Style', serif; font-size: 11.5pt;">Answer</span></b><span style="font-family: 'Bookman Old Style', serif; font-size: 11.5pt;">:<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: -9.35pt; tab-stops: -9.0pt 0in; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="font-family: 'Bookman Old Style', serif; font-size: 11.5pt;">Software engineering principles use two important techniques to reduce problem complexity: abstraction and decomposition.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: -9.35pt; tab-stops: -9.0pt 0in; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Bookman Old Style","serif"; font-size: 10.5pt;"><!--[if gte vml 1]><v:shapetype
id="_x0000_t75" coordsize="21600,21600" o:spt="75" o:preferrelative="t"
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height:156pt'> <v:imagedata src="file:///C:\DOCUME~1\manikant\LOCALS~1\Temp\msohtmlclip1\01\clip_image001.emz"
o:title=""/> </v:shape><![endif]--><!--[if !vml]--><img height="208" src="file:///C:/DOCUME~1/manikant/LOCALS~1/Temp/msohtmlclip1/01/clip_image002.gif" v:shapes="_x0000_i1025" width="310" /><!--[endif]--><o:p></o:p></span></div><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: -9.35pt; tab-stops: -9.0pt 0in; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Bookman Old Style","serif"; font-size: 11.5pt;"><!--[if gte vml 1]><v:shape
id="_x0000_i1026" type="#_x0000_t75" style='width:262.5pt;height:171pt'> <v:imagedata src="file:///C:\DOCUME~1\manikant\LOCALS~1\Temp\msohtmlclip1\01\clip_image003.emz"
o:title=""/> </v:shape><![endif]--><!--[if !vml]--><img height="228" src="file:///C:/DOCUME~1/manikant/LOCALS~1/Temp/msohtmlclip1/01/clip_image004.gif" v:shapes="_x0000_i1026" width="350" /><!--[endif]--><o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: -9.35pt; tab-stops: -9.0pt 0in; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="font-family: "Bookman Old Style","serif"; font-size: 11.5pt;">In other words, a good decomposition as shown in fig.1.5 should minimize interactions among various components.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: -9.35pt; tab-stops: -9.0pt 0in; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 9.0pt; mso-list: l39 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: -9.0pt 0in list 9.0pt .25in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><b><span style="font-family: "Bookman Old Style","serif"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Bookman Old Style"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Bookman Old Style";">3.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></b><!--[endif]--><b><span style="font-family: "Bookman Old Style","serif"; font-size: 10.5pt;">Q: </span></b><b><span style="font-family: "Bookman Old Style","serif";">Identify at least two advantages of using high-level languages over assembly languages. <o:p></o:p></span></b></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: -27.0pt; tab-stops: -9.0pt 0in; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><b><span style="font-family: "Bookman Old Style","serif"; font-size: 10.5pt;"> </span></b><b><span style="font-family: 'Bookman Old Style', serif; font-size: 11.5pt;">Answer:<o:p></o:p></span></b></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: -9.0pt; tab-stops: -9.0pt 0in; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="font-family: 'Bookman Old Style', serif; font-size: 11.5pt;">Assembly language programs are limited to about a few hundreds of lines of assembly code, i.e. are very small in size. Every programmer develops programs in his own individual style - based on intuition. This type of programming is called Exploratory Programming. But, use of high-level programming language reduces development efforts and development time significantly. Languages like FORTRAN, ALGOL, and COBOL are the examples of high-level programming languages.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: -9.0pt; tab-stops: -9.0pt 0in; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: -9.0pt; mso-list: l39 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: list -9.0pt .25in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0in; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><b><span style="font-family: "Bookman Old Style","serif"; font-size: 10.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Bookman Old Style"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Bookman Old Style";">4.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></b><!--[endif]--><b><span style="font-family: "Bookman Old Style","serif"; font-size: 11.5pt;">Q: State at least two basic differences between control flow-oriented and data flow-oriented design techniques.</span></b><b><span style="font-family: "Bookman Old Style","serif"; font-size: 10.5pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></b></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: -27.0pt; tab-stops: -9.0pt 0in;"><b><span style="font-family: "Bookman Old Style","serif"; font-size: 10.5pt;"> Answer:<o:p></o:p></span></b></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: -9.0pt; tab-stops: -9.0pt 0in;"><span style="font-family: 'Bookman Old Style', serif; font-size: 11.5pt;">Control flow-oriented design deals with carefully designing the program’s control structure. A program's control structure refers to the sequence, in which the program's instructions are executed, i.e. the control flow of the program. But data flow-oriented design technique identifies: </span><span style="font-family: "Bookman Old Style","serif"; font-size: 10.5pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 12.0pt; margin-left: .75in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 5.0pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-autospace: none; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="font-family: 'Bookman Old Style', serif; font-size: 11.5pt;">• Different processing stations (functions) in a system <o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 5.0pt; margin-left: .75in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 5.0pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-autospace: none; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="font-family: 'Bookman Old Style', serif; font-size: 11.5pt;">• The data items that flows between processing stations <o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: -9.0pt; tab-stops: -9.0pt 0in; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: -9.0pt; tab-stops: -9.0pt 0in; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 9.0pt; mso-list: l39 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: -9.0pt 0in list 9.0pt .25in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><b><span style="font-family: "Bookman Old Style","serif"; font-size: 10.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Bookman Old Style"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Bookman Old Style";">5.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></b><!--[endif]--><b><span style="font-family: "Bookman Old Style","serif"; font-size: 10.5pt;">Q: </span></b><b><span style="font-family: "Bookman Old Style","serif"; font-size: 11.5pt;">State at least five advantages of object-oriented design techniques.</span></b><b><span style="font-family: "Bookman Old Style","serif"; font-size: 10.5pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></b></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: -27.0pt; tab-stops: -9.0pt 0in;"><b><span style="font-family: "Bookman Old Style","serif"; font-size: 10.5pt;"> Answer:<o:p></o:p></span></b></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 5.0pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 5.0pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="font-family: 'Bookman Old Style', serif; font-size: 11.5pt;">Object-oriented techniques have gained wide acceptance because of it’s: <o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 12.0pt; margin-left: 1.0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 5.0pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-list: l31 level1 lfo5; tab-stops: list 1.0in; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-indent: -.25in; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 11.5pt;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: 'Bookman Old Style', serif; font-size: 11.5pt;">Simplicity (due to abstraction) <o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 12.0pt; margin-left: 1.0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 5.0pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-list: l31 level1 lfo5; tab-stops: list 1.0in; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-indent: -.25in; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 11.5pt;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: 'Bookman Old Style', serif; font-size: 11.5pt;">Code and design reuse <o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 12.0pt; margin-left: 1.0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 5.0pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-list: l31 level1 lfo5; tab-stops: list 1.0in; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-indent: -.25in; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 11.5pt;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: 'Bookman Old Style', serif; font-size: 11.5pt;">Improved productivity <o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 12.0pt; margin-left: 1.0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 5.0pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-list: l31 level1 lfo5; tab-stops: list 1.0in; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-indent: -.25in; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 11.5pt;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: 'Bookman Old Style', serif; font-size: 11.5pt;">Better understandability <o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 12.0pt; margin-left: 1.0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 5.0pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-list: l31 level1 lfo5; tab-stops: list 1.0in; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-indent: -.25in; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 11.5pt;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: 'Bookman Old Style', serif; font-size: 11.5pt;">Better problem decomposition <o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 5.0pt; margin-left: 1.0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 5.0pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-list: l31 level1 lfo5; tab-stops: list 1.0in; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-indent: -.25in; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 11.5pt;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: 'Bookman Old Style', serif; font-size: 11.5pt;">Easy maintenance <o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: -9.0pt; tab-stops: -9.0pt 0in; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 9.0pt; mso-list: l39 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: -9.0pt 0in list 9.0pt .25in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><b><span style="font-family: "Bookman Old Style","serif"; font-size: 10.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Bookman Old Style"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Bookman Old Style";">6.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></b><!--[endif]--><b><span style="font-family: "Bookman Old Style","serif"; font-size: 10.5pt;">Q: Differentiate between program and Software Product. [2009C] <o:p></o:p></span></b></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: -27.0pt; tab-stops: -9.0pt 0in;"><b><span style="font-family: "Bookman Old Style","serif"; font-size: 10.5pt;"> Answer:<o:p></o:p></span></b></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="tab-stops: -9.0pt 0in; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="font-family: "Bookman Old Style","serif"; font-size: 10.5pt;">Programs are developed by individuals for their personal use. They are therefore, small in size and have limited functionality but software products are extremely large. In case of a program, the programmer himself is the sole user but on the other hand, in case of a software product, most users are not involved with the development. In case of a program, a single developer is involved but in case of a software product, a large number of developers are involved. For a program, the user interface may not be very important, because the programmer is the sole user. On the other hand, for a software product, user interface must be carefully designed and implemented because developers of that product and users of that product are totally different. In case of a program, very little documentation is expected, but a software product must be well documented. A program can be developed according to the programmer’s individual style of development, but a software product must be developed using the accepted software engineering principles.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="tab-stops: -9.0pt 0in; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 9.0pt; mso-list: l39 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: -9.0pt 0in list 9.0pt .25in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><b><span style="font-family: "Bookman Old Style","serif"; font-size: 10.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Bookman Old Style"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Bookman Old Style";">7.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></b><!--[endif]--><b><span style="font-family: "Bookman Old Style","serif"; font-size: 10.5pt;">Q: What is software crisis? Give the problems of Software Crisis. [2008] <o:p></o:p></span></b></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: -27.0pt; tab-stops: -9.0pt 0in;"><b><span style="font-family: "Bookman Old Style","serif"; font-size: 10.5pt;"> Answer:<o:p></o:p></span></b></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="tab-stops: -9.0pt 0in; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="font-family: "Bookman Old Style","serif"; font-size: 10.5pt;">The software crisis has been with us since 1970. Since then, the computer industry has progressed at a break-neck speed through the computer revolution, and recently, the network revolution triggered and/or accelerated by the explosive spread of the internet and most recently the web. Computer industry has been delivering exponential improvement in price-performance; the problems with software have not been decreasing. Within that period of time, the software industry unsuccessfully attempted to build larger and larger software product by simply existing development techniques. </span><span style="font-family: "Bookman Old Style","serif"; font-size: 11.5pt;">There are many factors that have contributed to the making of the present software crisis. Those factors are larger problem sizes, lack of adequate training in software engineering, increasing skill shortage, and low productivity improvements. So basically we can define t</span><span style="font-family: "Bookman Old Style","serif"; font-size: 10.5pt;">he problems of software crisis as follows:<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .5in; mso-list: l22 level1 lfo2; tab-stops: -9.0pt 0in list .5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 10.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: "Bookman Old Style","serif"; font-size: 10.5pt;">Poor quality software productions<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .5in; mso-list: l22 level1 lfo2; tab-stops: -9.0pt 0in list .5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 10.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: "Bookman Old Style","serif"; font-size: 10.5pt;">Development team exceeds the budget<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .5in; mso-list: l22 level1 lfo2; tab-stops: -9.0pt 0in list .5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 10.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: "Bookman Old Style","serif"; font-size: 10.5pt;">Late delivering of software<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .5in; mso-list: l22 level1 lfo2; tab-stops: -9.0pt 0in list .5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 10.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: "Bookman Old Style","serif"; font-size: 10.5pt;">User requirements not completely supported by the software<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .5in; mso-list: l22 level1 lfo2; tab-stops: -9.0pt 0in list .5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 10.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: "Bookman Old Style","serif"; font-size: 10.5pt;">Unreliable software<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .5in; mso-list: l22 level1 lfo2; tab-stops: -9.0pt 0in list .5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 10.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: "Bookman Old Style","serif"; font-size: 10.5pt;">High cost in maintenance<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal"><br />
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</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 9.0pt; mso-list: l39 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: -9.0pt 0in list 9.0pt .25in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><b><span style="font-family: "Bookman Old Style","serif"; font-size: 10.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Bookman Old Style"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Bookman Old Style";">8.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></b><!--[endif]--><b><span style="font-family: "Bookman Old Style","serif"; font-size: 10.5pt;">Q: Illustrate the terms Structured programming and Unstructured Programming. [2008] <o:p></o:p></span></b></div><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="tab-stops: -9.0pt 0in; text-align: center;"><b><span style="font-family: "Bookman Old Style","serif"; font-size: 10.5pt;">OR<o:p></o:p></span></b></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: -27.0pt; tab-stops: -9.0pt 0in; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><b><span style="font-family: "Bookman Old Style","serif"; font-size: 10.5pt;"> What is structured programming? What are its Advantages? [2005]<o:p></o:p></span></b></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: -27.0pt; tab-stops: -9.0pt 0in;"><b><span style="font-family: "Bookman Old Style","serif"; font-size: 10.5pt;"> Answer: <o:p></o:p></span></b></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: -9.0pt; tab-stops: -9.0pt 0in; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="font-family: "Bookman Old Style","serif"; font-size: 10.5pt;">A structured program should follow to distinct properties. </span><span style="font-family: "Bookman Old Style","serif"; font-size: 11.5pt;">First, a structured program uses three type of program constructs i.e. selection, sequence and iteration. Structured programs avoid unstructured control flows by restricting the use of GOTO statements. Secondly, structured program consists of a well partitioned set of modules. Structured programming uses single entry, single-exit program constructs such as if-then-else, do-while, etc. Thus, the structured programming principle emphasizes designing neat control structures for programs.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: -9.0pt; tab-stops: -9.0pt 0in;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: -9.0pt; tab-stops: -9.0pt 0in;"><span style="font-family: "Bookman Old Style","serif"; font-size: 10.5pt;">The unstructured programming is the programming style where control flow is unstructured because it uses GOTO statements.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: -9.0pt; tab-stops: -9.0pt 0in;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: -9.0pt; tab-stops: -9.0pt 0in;"><span style="font-family: "Bookman Old Style","serif"; font-size: 11.5pt;">The advantages of structured programs are:<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 27.0pt; mso-list: l23 level1 lfo4; tab-stops: -9.0pt 0in list 27.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 10.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: "Bookman Old Style","serif"; font-size: 11.5pt;">Structured programs are easier to read and understand. </span><span style="font-family: "Bookman Old Style","serif"; font-size: 10.5pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 27.0pt; mso-list: l23 level1 lfo4; tab-stops: -9.0pt 0in list 27.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 10.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: "Bookman Old Style","serif"; font-size: 11.5pt;">Structured programs are easier to maintain. </span><span style="font-family: "Bookman Old Style","serif"; font-size: 10.5pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 27.0pt; mso-list: l23 level1 lfo4; tab-stops: -9.0pt 0in list 27.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 10.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: "Bookman Old Style","serif"; font-size: 11.5pt;">They require less effort and time for development. </span><span style="font-family: "Bookman Old Style","serif"; font-size: 10.5pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 27.0pt; mso-list: l23 level1 lfo4; tab-stops: -9.0pt 0in list 27.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 10.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: "Bookman Old Style","serif"; font-size: 11.5pt;">They are amenable to easier debugging and usually fewer errors are made in the course of writing such programs.</span><span style="font-family: "Bookman Old Style","serif"; font-size: 10.5pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: -9.0pt; tab-stops: -9.0pt 0in; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Bookman Old Style","serif"; font-size: 10.5pt;"><!--[if gte vml 1]><v:shape
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o:title=""/> </v:shape><![endif]--><!--[if !vml]--><img height="444" src="file:///C:/DOCUME~1/manikant/LOCALS~1/Temp/msohtmlclip1/01/clip_image006.gif" v:shapes="_x0000_i1027" width="506" /><!--[endif]--><o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: -9.0pt; tab-stops: -9.0pt 0in;"><br />
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</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 9.0pt; mso-list: l39 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: -9.0pt 0in list 9.0pt .25in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><b><span style="font-family: "Bookman Old Style","serif"; font-size: 10.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Bookman Old Style"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Bookman Old Style";">9.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></b><!--[endif]--><b><span style="font-family: "Bookman Old Style","serif"; font-size: 10.5pt;">Q: What is phase Exit and Entry Criteria of Software development process? <o:p></o:p></span></b></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: -27.0pt; tab-stops: -9.0pt 0in;"><b><span style="font-family: "Bookman Old Style","serif"; font-size: 10.5pt;"> Answer:<o:p></o:p></span></b></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="tab-stops: -9.0pt 0in; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="font-family: "Bookman Old Style","serif"; font-size: 10.5pt;">A software development life cycle has different distinct development phases such as: Feasibility Study, Requirements Analysis and Specification, Design, Coding and Unit Testing, Integration and System Testing and Maintenance</span><span style="font-family: "Bookman Old Style","serif"; font-size: 13.5pt;">. </span><span style="font-family: "Bookman Old Style","serif"; font-size: 10.5pt;">Now the phase entry and exit criteria of each phase means each and every phase has some strict rules in entering and exiting in that particular phases failing which no one is allowed to enter and exit from that phase. For example:<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="Default" style="margin-left: .5in; mso-list: l38 level1 lfo3; tab-stops: list .5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 10.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: "Bookman Old Style","serif"; font-size: 10.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">At the starting of the feasibility study, project managers or team leaders try to understand what is the actual problem by visiting the client side. At the end of that phase they pick the best solution and determine whether the solution is feasible financially and technically. <o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="Default" style="margin-left: .5in; mso-list: l38 level1 lfo3; tab-stops: list .5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 10.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: "Bookman Old Style","serif"; font-size: 10.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">At the starting of requirements analysis and specification phase the required data is collected. After that requirement specification is carried out. Finally, SRS document is produced. <o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="Default" style="text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="font-family: "Bookman Old Style","serif"; font-size: 10.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Same entry and exit criteria are also followed for other phases.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="Default" style="text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><br />
</div><div class="Default" style="text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 9.0pt; mso-list: l39 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: -9.0pt 0in list 9.0pt .25in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><b><span style="font-family: "Bookman Old Style","serif"; font-size: 10.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Bookman Old Style"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Bookman Old Style";">10.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></b><!--[endif]--><b><span style="font-family: "Bookman Old Style","serif"; font-size: 10.5pt;">Q: What is phase containment of errors? [2005, 2010]<o:p></o:p></span></b></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: -27.0pt; tab-stops: -9.0pt 0in;"><b><span style="font-family: "Bookman Old Style","serif"; font-size: 10.5pt;"> Answer:<o:p></o:p></span></b></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="tab-stops: -9.0pt 0in; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="font-family: "Bookman Old Style","serif"; font-size: 10.5pt;">Phase containment of errors means detect and correct errors as soon as possible. It is an important Software Engineering Principle. A software development life cycle has different distinct development phases. Phase containment of errors means detect and correct the errors within the phase where its actually lives. That is a design error should be detected and corrected within the design phase itself rather than detecting it in the coding phase. To achieve phase containment of errors we have to take periodic reviews.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="tab-stops: -9.0pt 0in; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 9.0pt; mso-list: l39 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: -9.0pt 0in list 9.0pt .25in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><b><span style="font-family: "Bookman Old Style","serif"; font-size: 10.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Bookman Old Style"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Bookman Old Style";">11.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></b><!--[endif]--><b><span style="font-family: "Bookman Old Style","serif"; font-size: 10.5pt;">Q: What do you mean by Exploratory Style of Programming? <o:p></o:p></span></b></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: -27.0pt; tab-stops: -9.0pt 0in;"><b><span style="font-family: "Bookman Old Style","serif"; font-size: 10.5pt;"> Answer:<o:p></o:p></span></b></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="tab-stops: -9.0pt 0in; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="font-family: "Bookman Old Style","serif"; font-size: 10.5pt;">The Exploratory Style of Programming is a very informal style of program development approach, and there are no set rules or recommendations. Every programmer himself evolves his own software development techniques solely guided by his intuition, experience, whims and fancies. Exploratory style of programming style is possible for small size software where problem domain is initially not clear.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="tab-stops: -9.0pt 0in; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 9.0pt; mso-list: l39 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: -9.0pt 0in list 9.0pt .25in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><b><span style="font-family: "Bookman Old Style","serif"; font-size: 10.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Bookman Old Style"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Bookman Old Style";">12.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></b><!--[endif]--><b><span style="font-family: "Bookman Old Style","serif"; font-size: 10.5pt;">Q: What are the notable changes done by Software Engineering over Exploratory Style of Programming? <o:p></o:p></span></b></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: -27.0pt; tab-stops: -9.0pt 0in;"><b><span style="font-family: "Bookman Old Style","serif"; font-size: 10.5pt;"> Answer:<o:p></o:p></span></b></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="tab-stops: -9.0pt 0in; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="font-family: "Bookman Old Style","serif"; font-size: 10.5pt;">The Notable changes are:<o:p></o:p></span></div><ul style="margin-top: 0in;" type="disc"><li class="MsoNormal" style="mso-list: l32 level1 lfo6; tab-stops: list .5in; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="font-family: "Bookman Old Style","serif"; font-size: 10.5pt;">An important difference is that the exploratory software development style is based on error correction while the software engineering principles are primarily based on error prevention.<o:p></o:p></span></li>
</ul><div class="Default" style="margin-left: .5in; mso-list: l32 level1 lfo6; tab-stops: list .5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 10.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: "Bookman Old Style","serif"; font-size: 10.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">In the exploratory style, coding was considered <b><i>synonymous with software development</i></b>. For instance, exploratory programming style believed in developing a working system as quickly as possible and then successively modifying it until it performed satisfactorily. In the modern software development style, <b><i>coding is regarded as only a small part of the overall software development activities.</i></b> There are several development activities such as design and testing which typically require much more effort than coding.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="Default" style="margin-left: .5in; mso-list: l32 level1 lfo6; tab-stops: list .5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 10.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: "Bookman Old Style","serif"; font-size: 10.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">A lot of attention is being paid to <b><i>requirements specification</i></b>. Significant effort is now being devoted to develop a clear specification of the problem before any development activity is started.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="Default" style="margin-left: .5in; mso-list: l32 level1 lfo6; tab-stops: list .5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 10.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: "Bookman Old Style","serif"; font-size: 10.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Now there is a <b><i>distinct design phase</i></b> where standard design techniques are employed.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="Default" style="margin-left: .5in; mso-list: l32 level1 lfo6; tab-stops: list .5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 10.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><b><i><span style="font-family: "Bookman Old Style","serif"; font-size: 10.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Periodic reviews</span></i></b><span style="font-family: "Bookman Old Style","serif"; font-size: 10.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> are being carried out during all stages of the development process.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="Default" style="margin-left: .5in; mso-list: l32 level1 lfo6; tab-stops: list .5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 10.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: "Bookman Old Style","serif"; font-size: 10.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">There is <b><i>better visibility of design and code</i></b>. By visibility we mean production of good quality, consistent and standard documents during every phase.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="Default" style="margin-left: .5in; mso-list: l32 level1 lfo6; tab-stops: list .5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 10.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: "Bookman Old Style","serif"; font-size: 10.5pt;">Now, projects are first <b><i>thoroughly planned</i></b>. Project planning normally includes preparation of various types of estimates, resource scheduling, and development of project tracking plans.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="Default" style="margin-left: .5in; mso-list: l32 level1 lfo6; tab-stops: list .5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 10.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><b><i><span style="font-family: "Bookman Old Style","serif"; font-size: 10.5pt;">Several metrics</span></i></b><span style="font-family: "Bookman Old Style","serif"; font-size: 10.5pt;"> are being used to help in software <b><i>project management</i></b> and <b><i>software quality assurance</i></b><o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="Default" style="text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 9.0pt; mso-list: l39 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: -9.0pt 0in list 9.0pt .25in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><b><span style="font-family: "Bookman Old Style","serif"; font-size: 10.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Bookman Old Style"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Bookman Old Style";">13.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></b><!--[endif]--><b><span style="font-family: "Bookman Old Style","serif"; font-size: 10.5pt;">Q: Differentiate between Software Process and Software Development Life Cycle. [2006, 2008] <o:p></o:p></span></b></div><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: -27.0pt; tab-stops: -9.0pt 0in; text-align: center;"><b><span style="font-family: "Bookman Old Style","serif"; font-size: 10.5pt;">OR<o:p></o:p></span></b></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="tab-stops: 0in; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><b><span style="font-family: "Bookman Old Style","serif"; font-size: 10.5pt;">Do you mean understand by Software Process? Is it similar to Software Development Life Cycle? [2005]<o:p></o:p></span></b></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: -27.0pt; tab-stops: -9.0pt 0in;"><b><span style="font-family: "Bookman Old Style","serif"; font-size: 10.5pt;"> Answer</span></b><span style="font-family: "Bookman Old Style","serif"; font-size: 10.5pt;">:<o:p></o:p></span></div><pre style="text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="font-family: "Bookman Old Style","serif"; font-size: 10.5pt;">The Software Process and Software Development Life Cycle are not same. There are some slight differences. </span><span style="font-family: "Bookman Old Style","serif"; font-size: 10.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">A software life cycle model (also called process model) is a descriptive and diagrammatic representation of the software life cycle. A life cycle model represents all the activities required to make a software product transit through its life cycle phases. It also captures the order in which these activities are to be undertaken. In other words, a life cycle model maps the different activities performed on a software product from its inception to retirement.</span><span style="font-family: "Bookman Old Style","serif"; font-size: 10.5pt;"> But, a Software Process is also termed as Software Process Model. The software process model is the methodology and process followed in the software life cycle. It covers only a single or at best a few individual activities involved in the development. So a Software life cycle in a nutshell superset of software process model. For example testing methodology, design methodology etc.<o:p></o:p></span></pre><div class="Default" style="text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 9.0pt; mso-list: l39 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: -9.0pt 0in list 9.0pt .25in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><b><span style="font-family: "Bookman Old Style","serif"; font-size: 10.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Bookman Old Style"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Bookman Old Style";">14.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></b><!--[endif]--><b><span style="font-family: "Bookman Old Style","serif"; font-size: 10.5pt;">Q: Explain the problems that might be faced by an organization if it does not follow any software life cycle model. <o:p></o:p></span></b></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: -27.0pt; tab-stops: -9.0pt 0in; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><b><span style="font-family: "Bookman Old Style","serif"; font-size: 10.5pt;"> Answer:<o:p></o:p></span></b></div><div class="Default" style="text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="font-family: "Bookman Old Style","serif"; font-size: 10.5pt;">The development team must identify a suitable life cycle model for the particular project and then adhere to it. Without using of a particular life cycle model the development of a software product would not be in a systematic and disciplined manner. When a software product is being developed by a team there must be a clear understanding among team members about when and what to do. Otherwise it would lead to chaos and project failure. This problem can be illustrated by using an example. Suppose a software development problem is divided into several parts and the parts are assigned to the team members. From then on, suppose the team members are allowed the freedom to develop the parts assigned to them in whatever way they like. It is possible that one member might start writing the code for his part, another might decide to prepare the test documents first, and some other engineer might begin with the design phase of the parts assigned to him. This would be one of the perfect recipes for project failure.</span><span style="font-family: "Bookman Old Style","serif"; font-size: 10.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="Default" style="text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 9.0pt; mso-list: l39 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: -9.0pt 0in list 9.0pt .25in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><b><span style="font-family: "Bookman Old Style","serif"; font-size: 10.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Bookman Old Style"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Bookman Old Style";">15.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></b><!--[endif]--><b><span style="font-family: "Bookman Old Style","serif"; font-size: 10.5pt;">Q: What is Software Process? Why and how software process does not improve? [2003] <o:p></o:p></span></b></div><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: -9.0pt; tab-stops: -9.0pt 0in; text-align: center;"><b><span style="font-family: "Bookman Old Style","serif"; font-size: 10.5pt;">OR<o:p></o:p></span></b></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="tab-stops: 0in; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><b><span style="font-family: "Bookman Old Style","serif"; font-size: 10.5pt;">What is Software Process? What elements can prevent a software form improving? <o:p></o:p></span></b></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: -27.0pt; tab-stops: -9.0pt 0in;"><b><span style="font-family: "Bookman Old Style","serif"; font-size: 10.5pt;"> Answer</span></b><span style="font-family: "Bookman Old Style","serif"; font-size: 10.5pt;">:<o:p></o:p></span></div><pre style="text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="font-family: "Bookman Old Style","serif"; font-size: 10.5pt;">A Software Process is also termed as Software Process Model. The software process model is the methodology and process followed in the software life cycle. It covers only a single or at best a few individual activities involved in the development. For example testing methodology, design methodology etc. <o:p></o:p></span></pre><pre style="text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="font-family: "Bookman Old Style","serif"; font-size: 10.5pt;">The following can prevent software from improving:<o:p></o:p></span></pre><pre style="margin-left: .5in; mso-list: l9 level1 lfo17; tab-stops: list .5in left 45.8pt 91.6pt 137.4pt 183.2pt 229.0pt 274.8pt 320.6pt 366.4pt 412.2pt 458.0pt 503.8pt 549.6pt 595.4pt 641.2pt 687.0pt 732.8pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 10.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-style: italic; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><i><span style="font-family: "Bookman Old Style","serif"; font-size: 10.5pt;">Imperfect/ unclear requirement Analysis & Specification<o:p></o:p></span></i></pre><pre style="margin-left: .5in; mso-list: l9 level1 lfo17; tab-stops: list .5in left 45.8pt 91.6pt 137.4pt 183.2pt 229.0pt 274.8pt 320.6pt 366.4pt 412.2pt 458.0pt 503.8pt 549.6pt 595.4pt 641.2pt 687.0pt 732.8pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 10.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-style: italic; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><i><span style="font-family: "Bookman Old Style","serif"; font-size: 10.5pt;">Improper Planning<o:p></o:p></span></i></pre><pre style="margin-left: .5in; mso-list: l9 level1 lfo17; tab-stops: list .5in left 45.8pt 91.6pt 137.4pt 183.2pt 229.0pt 274.8pt 320.6pt 366.4pt 412.2pt 458.0pt 503.8pt 549.6pt 595.4pt 641.2pt 687.0pt 732.8pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 10.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-style: italic; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><i><span style="font-family: "Bookman Old Style","serif"; font-size: 10.5pt;">Wrong Estimation of Size, Cost & Effort<o:p></o:p></span></i></pre><pre style="margin-left: .5in; mso-list: l9 level1 lfo17; tab-stops: list .5in left 45.8pt 91.6pt 137.4pt 183.2pt 229.0pt 274.8pt 320.6pt 366.4pt 412.2pt 458.0pt 503.8pt 549.6pt 595.4pt 641.2pt 687.0pt 732.8pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 10.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-style: italic; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><i><span style="font-family: "Bookman Old Style","serif"; font-size: 10.5pt;">Incorrect/ partial design of the problem domain<o:p></o:p></span></i></pre><pre style="margin-left: .5in; mso-list: l9 level1 lfo17; tab-stops: list .5in left 45.8pt 91.6pt 137.4pt 183.2pt 229.0pt 274.8pt 320.6pt 366.4pt 412.2pt 458.0pt 503.8pt 549.6pt 595.4pt 641.2pt 687.0pt 732.8pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 10.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-style: italic; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><i><span style="font-family: "Bookman Old Style","serif"; font-size: 10.5pt;">Man-power turnaround problem<o:p></o:p></span></i></pre><pre style="margin-left: .5in; mso-list: l9 level1 lfo17; tab-stops: list .5in left 45.8pt 91.6pt 137.4pt 183.2pt 229.0pt 274.8pt 320.6pt 366.4pt 412.2pt 458.0pt 503.8pt 549.6pt 595.4pt 641.2pt 687.0pt 732.8pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 10.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-style: italic; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><i><span style="font-family: "Bookman Old Style","serif"; font-size: 10.5pt;">Wrong decisions in Scheduling<o:p></o:p></span></i></pre><pre style="margin-left: .5in; mso-list: l9 level1 lfo17; tab-stops: list .5in left 45.8pt 91.6pt 137.4pt 183.2pt 229.0pt 274.8pt 320.6pt 366.4pt 412.2pt 458.0pt 503.8pt 549.6pt 595.4pt 641.2pt 687.0pt 732.8pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 10.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-style: italic; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><i><span style="font-family: "Bookman Old Style","serif"; font-size: 10.5pt;">Immature project Staffing<o:p></o:p></span></i></pre><pre style="margin-left: .5in; mso-list: l9 level1 lfo17; tab-stops: list .5in left 45.8pt 91.6pt 137.4pt 183.2pt 229.0pt 274.8pt 320.6pt 366.4pt 412.2pt 458.0pt 503.8pt 549.6pt 595.4pt 641.2pt 687.0pt 732.8pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 10.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-style: italic; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><i><span style="font-family: "Bookman Old Style","serif"; font-size: 10.5pt;">Lack of knowledge of the developer team in the technical area<o:p></o:p></span></i></pre><pre style="margin-left: .5in; mso-list: l9 level1 lfo17; tab-stops: list .5in left 45.8pt 91.6pt 137.4pt 183.2pt 229.0pt 274.8pt 320.6pt 366.4pt 412.2pt 458.0pt 503.8pt 549.6pt 595.4pt 641.2pt 687.0pt 732.8pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 10.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-style: italic; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><i><span style="font-family: "Bookman Old Style","serif"; font-size: 10.5pt;">Use of non-standard testing methodology<o:p></o:p></span></i></pre><pre style="margin-left: .5in; mso-list: l9 level1 lfo17; tab-stops: list .5in left 45.8pt 91.6pt 137.4pt 183.2pt 229.0pt 274.8pt 320.6pt 366.4pt 412.2pt 458.0pt 503.8pt 549.6pt 595.4pt 641.2pt 687.0pt 732.8pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 10.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-style: italic; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><i><span style="font-family: "Bookman Old Style","serif"; font-size: 10.5pt;">Non or incomplete documentation<o:p></o:p></span></i></pre><pre style="margin-left: .25in; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="font-family: "Bookman Old Style","serif"; font-size: 10.5pt;"><o:p> </o:p></span></pre><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 9.0pt; mso-list: l39 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: -9.0pt 0in list 9.0pt .25in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><b><span style="font-family: "Bookman Old Style","serif"; font-size: 10.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Bookman Old Style"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Bookman Old Style";">16.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></b><!--[endif]--><b><span style="font-family: "Bookman Old Style","serif"; font-size: 10.5pt;"> Q: What do you understand by the expression “Life Cycle model of Software development”? Why is it important to adhere to a life cycle model during the development of a large software product? [2008C] <o:p></o:p></span></b></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: -27.0pt; tab-stops: -9.0pt 0in;"><b><span style="font-family: "Bookman Old Style","serif"; font-size: 10.5pt;"> Answer:<o:p></o:p></span></b></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="tab-stops: -9.0pt 0in; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="font-family: "Bookman Old Style","serif"; font-size: 10.5pt;">A software life cycle is a series of identifiable stages that a software product undergoes during its lifetime. A software life cycle model (also called Software process model) is a descriptive and diagrammatic representation of the software life cycle. A life cycle model represents all the activities required to make a software product transit through its life cycle phases. It also captures the order in which these activities are to be undertaken. <o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="tab-stops: -9.0pt 0in; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="tab-stops: -9.0pt 0in; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><i><span style="font-family: "Bookman Old Style","serif"; font-size: 10.5pt;">Why it is important to adhere to life cycle model during the development of a large software product:<o:p></o:p></span></i></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="tab-stops: -9.0pt 0in; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="font-family: "Bookman Old Style","serif"; font-size: 10.5pt;">Software engineering is an engineering approach for software development. We can alternatively view it as a systematic collection of past experience. The experience is arranged in the form of methodologies and guidelines. A small program can be written without using software engineering principles. But if one wants to develop a large software product, then software engineering principles are indispensable to achieve a good quality software cost effectively. Software engineering principles use two important techniques to reduce problem complexity: <b><i>abstraction</i></b> and <b><i>decomposition</i></b>.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="tab-stops: -9.0pt 0in; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="tab-stops: -9.0pt 0in; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="font-family: "Bookman Old Style","serif"; font-size: 10.5pt;">The principle of abstraction (in fig.1.4) implies that a problem can be simplified by omitting irrelevant details. Once simpler problem is solved then the omitted details can be taken into consideration to solve the next lower level abstraction. In this technique any random decomposition of a problem into smaller parts will not help. The problem has to be decomposed such that each component of the decomposed problem can be solved in solution and then the solution of the different components can be combined to get the full solution.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: -9.35pt; tab-stops: -9.0pt 0in; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Bookman Old Style","serif"; font-size: 10.5pt;"><!--[if gte vml 1]><v:shape
id="_x0000_i1028" type="#_x0000_t75" style='width:269.25pt;height:198pt'> <v:imagedata src="file:///C:\DOCUME~1\manikant\LOCALS~1\Temp\msohtmlclip1\01\clip_image001.emz"
o:title=""/> </v:shape><![endif]--><!--[if !vml]--><img height="264" src="file:///C:/DOCUME~1/manikant/LOCALS~1/Temp/msohtmlclip1/01/clip_image007.gif" v:shapes="_x0000_i1028" width="359" /><!--[endif]--><o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="tab-stops: -9.0pt 0in; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><br />
</div><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: -9.35pt; tab-stops: -9.0pt 0in; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Bookman Old Style","serif"; font-size: 10.5pt;"><!--[if gte vml 1]><v:shape
id="_x0000_i1029" type="#_x0000_t75" style='width:262.5pt;height:143.25pt'> <v:imagedata src="file:///C:\DOCUME~1\manikant\LOCALS~1\Temp\msohtmlclip1\01\clip_image003.emz"
o:title=""/> </v:shape><![endif]--><!--[if !vml]--><img height="191" src="file:///C:/DOCUME~1/manikant/LOCALS~1/Temp/msohtmlclip1/01/clip_image008.gif" v:shapes="_x0000_i1029" width="350" /><!--[endif]--><o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: -9.35pt; tab-stops: -9.0pt 0in; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="font-family: "Bookman Old Style","serif"; font-size: 10.5pt;">In other words, a good decomposition as shown in fig.1.5 should minimize interactions among various components.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: -9.35pt; tab-stops: -9.0pt 0in; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 9.0pt; mso-list: l39 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: -9.0pt 0in list 9.0pt .25in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><b><span style="font-family: "Bookman Old Style","serif"; font-size: 10.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Bookman Old Style"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Bookman Old Style";">17.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></b><!--[endif]--><b><span style="font-family: "Bookman Old Style","serif"; font-size: 10.5pt;"> Q: Describe various types of software and their application domains, together with their special significance? [2008C]<o:p></o:p></span></b></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: -27.0pt; tab-stops: -9.0pt 0in;"><b><span style="font-family: "Bookman Old Style","serif"; font-size: 10.5pt;"> Answer:<o:p></o:p></span></b></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: -9.35pt; tab-stops: -9.0pt 0in; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="font-family: "Bookman Old Style","serif"; font-size: 10.5pt;">Software has become integral part of most of the fields of human life. Software applications are grouped into eight areas for convenience as shown in fig:<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .5in; mso-list: l9 level1 lfo17; tab-stops: -9.0pt 0in list .5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 10.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><b><span style="font-family: "Bookman Old Style","serif"; font-size: 10.5pt;">System Software: </span></b><span style="font-family: "Bookman Old Style","serif"; font-size: 10.5pt;">infrastructure software comes under this category like compilers, operating systems, editors, drivers, etc. Basically system software is a collection of programs to provide service to other programs.<b><o:p></o:p></b></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .5in; mso-list: l9 level1 lfo17; tab-stops: -9.0pt 0in list .5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 10.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><b><span style="font-family: "Bookman Old Style","serif"; font-size: 10.5pt;">Real time Software: </span></b><span style="font-family: "Bookman Old Style","serif"; font-size: 10.5pt;">These software’s are used to monitor, control and analyze real world events as they occur. An example may be software required for weather forecasting. Such software will gather and process the status of temperature, humidity and other environmental parameters to forecast the weather.<b><o:p></o:p></b></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: -9.35pt; tab-stops: -9.0pt 0in; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><br />
</div><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: -9.35pt; tab-stops: -9.0pt 0in; text-align: center;"><b><span style="font-family: "Bookman Old Style","serif"; font-size: 10.5pt;"><!--[if gte vml 1]><v:shape
id="_x0000_i1030" type="#_x0000_t75" style='width:240pt;height:180pt'> <v:imagedata src="file:///C:\DOCUME~1\manikant\LOCALS~1\Temp\msohtmlclip1\01\clip_image009.png"
o:title=""/> </v:shape><![endif]--><!--[if !vml]--><img height="240" src="file:///C:/DOCUME~1/manikant/LOCALS~1/Temp/msohtmlclip1/01/clip_image010.jpg" v:shapes="_x0000_i1030" width="320" /><!--[endif]--><o:p></o:p></span></b></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .5in; mso-list: l9 level1 lfo17; tab-stops: -9.0pt 0in list .5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 10.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><b><span style="font-family: "Bookman Old Style","serif"; font-size: 10.5pt;">Embedded Software: </span></b><span style="font-family: "Bookman Old Style","serif"; font-size: 10.5pt;">This type of software is placed in “ROM” of the product and controls various functions of the product. The product could be an aircraft, automobile, security system, signaling system etc.<b><o:p></o:p></b></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .5in; mso-list: l9 level1 lfo17; tab-stops: -9.0pt 0in list .5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 10.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><b><span style="font-family: "Bookman Old Style","serif"; font-size: 10.5pt;">Personal Computer Software: </span></b><span style="font-family: "Bookman Old Style","serif"; font-size: 10.5pt;">the software used in personal computers are covered in this category. Examples are word processors, database management, account management etc.<b><o:p></o:p></b></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .5in; mso-list: l9 level1 lfo17; tab-stops: -9.0pt 0in list .5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 10.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><b><span style="font-family: "Bookman Old Style","serif"; font-size: 10.5pt;">Artificial Intelligence Software: </span></b><span style="font-family: "Bookman Old Style","serif"; font-size: 10.5pt;">examples are expert systems, artificial neural networks etc.<b><o:p></o:p></b></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .5in; mso-list: l9 level1 lfo17; tab-stops: -9.0pt 0in list .5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 10.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><b><span style="font-family: "Bookman Old Style","serif"; font-size: 10.5pt;">Web based Software: </span></b><span style="font-family: "Bookman Old Style","serif"; font-size: 10.5pt;">examples are CGI, HTML, java, Perl.<b><o:p></o:p></b></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .5in; mso-list: l9 level1 lfo17; tab-stops: -9.0pt 0in list .5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 10.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><b><span style="font-family: "Bookman Old Style","serif"; font-size: 10.5pt;">Engineering and Scientific Software: </span></b><span style="font-family: "Bookman Old Style","serif"; font-size: 10.5pt;">examples are MATLAB, CAD/CAM packages etc.<b><o:p></o:p></b></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: -9.35pt; tab-stops: -9.0pt 0in; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 9.0pt; mso-list: l39 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: -9.0pt 0in list 9.0pt .25in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><b><span style="font-family: "Bookman Old Style","serif"; font-size: 10.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Bookman Old Style"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Bookman Old Style";">18.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></b><!--[endif]--><b><span style="font-family: "Bookman Old Style","serif"; font-size: 10.5pt;"> Q: What do you mean by Software Process? What problems will a software development house face if it does not follow any systematic process in its software development efforts? [2009C]<o:p></o:p></span></b></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: -27.0pt; tab-stops: -9.0pt 0in;"><b><span style="font-family: "Bookman Old Style","serif"; font-size: 10.5pt;"> Answer:<o:p></o:p></span></b></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="tab-stops: -9.0pt 0in; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="font-family: "Bookman Old Style","serif"; font-size: 10.5pt;">A software life cycle is a series of identifiable stages that a software product undergoes during its lifetime. A software life cycle model (also called Software process model) is a descriptive and diagrammatic representation of the software life cycle. A life cycle model represents all the activities required to make a software product transit through its life cycle phases. It also captures the order in which these activities are to be undertaken. <o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="tab-stops: -9.0pt 0in; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><i><span style="font-family: "Bookman Old Style","serif"; font-size: 10.5pt;">The problems that a software development house faces if it does not follow any systematic process in its software development efforts are as follows:<o:p></o:p></span></i></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .5in; mso-list: l22 level1 lfo2; tab-stops: -9.0pt 0in list .5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 10.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: "Bookman Old Style","serif"; font-size: 10.5pt;">Poor quality software productions<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .5in; mso-list: l22 level1 lfo2; tab-stops: -9.0pt 0in list .5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 10.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: "Bookman Old Style","serif"; font-size: 10.5pt;">Often fail to develop the required software goal.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .5in; mso-list: l22 level1 lfo2; tab-stops: -9.0pt 0in list .5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 10.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: "Bookman Old Style","serif"; font-size: 10.5pt;">Development team exceeds the budget<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .5in; mso-list: l22 level1 lfo2; tab-stops: -9.0pt 0in list .5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 10.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: "Bookman Old Style","serif"; font-size: 10.5pt;">Cannot handle the manpower turn-around problem.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .5in; mso-list: l22 level1 lfo2; tab-stops: -9.0pt 0in list .5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 10.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: "Bookman Old Style","serif"; font-size: 10.5pt;">Late delivering of software<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .5in; mso-list: l22 level1 lfo2; tab-stops: -9.0pt 0in list .5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 10.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: "Bookman Old Style","serif"; font-size: 10.5pt;">User requirements not completely supported by the software<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .5in; mso-list: l22 level1 lfo2; tab-stops: -9.0pt 0in list .5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 10.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: "Bookman Old Style","serif"; font-size: 10.5pt;">Unreliable software production<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .5in; mso-list: l22 level1 lfo2; tab-stops: -9.0pt 0in list .5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 10.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: "Bookman Old Style","serif"; font-size: 10.5pt;">High cost in maintenance<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="tab-stops: -9.0pt 0in; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 9.0pt; mso-list: l39 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: -9.0pt 0in list 9.0pt .25in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><b><span style="font-family: "Bookman Old Style","serif"; font-size: 10.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Bookman Old Style"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Bookman Old Style";">19.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></b><!--[endif]--><b><span style="font-family: "Bookman Old Style","serif"; font-size: 10.5pt;"> Q: What do you mean by Software Life Cycle? Describe Waterfall Model. Give its advantages and disadvantages. <o:p></o:p></span></b></div><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: -27.0pt; tab-stops: -9.0pt 0in; text-align: center;"><b><span style="font-family: "Bookman Old Style","serif"; font-size: 10.5pt;">OR<o:p></o:p></span></b></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="tab-stops: -9.0pt 0in; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><b><span style="font-family: "Bookman Old Style","serif"; font-size: 10.5pt;">How software life cycle provides information about the software? Explain waterfall life cycle model. [2003]<o:p></o:p></span></b></div><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: -27.0pt; tab-stops: -9.0pt 0in; text-align: center;"><b><span style="font-family: "Bookman Old Style","serif"; font-size: 10.5pt;">OR<o:p></o:p></span></b></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="tab-stops: -9.0pt 0in; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><b><span style="font-family: "Bookman Old Style","serif"; font-size: 10.5pt;">What are the limitations of waterfall model? When this model is useful? [2008]<o:p></o:p></span></b></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="tab-stops: -9.0pt 0in; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: -27.0pt; tab-stops: -9.0pt 0in;"><b><span style="font-family: "Bookman Old Style","serif"; font-size: 10.5pt;"> Answer:<o:p></o:p></span></b></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="tab-stops: -9.0pt 0in; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="font-family: "Bookman Old Style","serif"; font-size: 10.5pt;">A software life cycle is a series of identifiable stages that a software product undergoes during its lifetime. A software life cycle model (also called Software process model) is a descriptive and diagrammatic representation of the software life cycle. A life cycle model represents all the activities required to make a software product transit through its life cycle phases. It also captures the order in which these activities are to be undertaken. <o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="tab-stops: -9.0pt 0in; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="tab-stops: -9.0pt 0in; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="font-family: "Bookman Old Style","serif"; font-size: 10.5pt;">Waterfall life cycle model is divided into two classes:<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .5in; mso-list: l26 level1 lfo8; tab-stops: -9.0pt 0in list .5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 10.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: "Bookman Old Style","serif"; font-size: 10.5pt;">Classical Waterfall model<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .5in; mso-list: l26 level1 lfo8; tab-stops: -9.0pt 0in list .5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 10.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: "Bookman Old Style","serif"; font-size: 10.5pt;">Iterative waterfall model<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="tab-stops: -9.0pt 0in; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="tab-stops: -9.0pt 0in; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="font-family: "Bookman Old Style","serif"; font-size: 10.5pt;">The <i>classical waterfall model</i> is intuitively the most obvious way to develop software. Classical waterfall model divides the life cycle into the following phases as shown in fig.2.1: <o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="Default" style="margin-left: .5in; mso-list: l7 level1 lfo9; tab-stops: list .5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 10.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: "Bookman Old Style","serif"; font-size: 10.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Feasibility Study <o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="Default" style="margin-left: .5in; mso-list: l7 level1 lfo9; tab-stops: list .5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 10.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: "Bookman Old Style","serif"; font-size: 10.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Requirements Analysis and Specification <o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="Default" style="margin-left: .5in; mso-list: l7 level1 lfo9; tab-stops: list .5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 10.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: "Bookman Old Style","serif"; font-size: 10.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Design <o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="Default" style="margin-left: .5in; mso-list: l7 level1 lfo9; tab-stops: list .5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 10.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: "Bookman Old Style","serif"; font-size: 10.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Coding and Unit Testing <o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="Default" style="margin-left: .5in; mso-list: l7 level1 lfo9; tab-stops: list .5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 10.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: "Bookman Old Style","serif"; font-size: 10.5pt;">Integration and System Testing <o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="Default" style="margin-left: .5in; mso-list: l7 level1 lfo9; tab-stops: list .5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 10.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: "Bookman Old Style","serif"; font-size: 10.5pt;">Maintenance<o:p></o:p></span></div><div align="center" class="Default" style="margin-left: .25in; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 13.5pt;"><!--[if gte vml 1]><v:shape
id="_x0000_i1031" type="#_x0000_t75" style='width:396pt;height:303.75pt'> <v:imagedata src="file:///C:\DOCUME~1\manikant\LOCALS~1\Temp\msohtmlclip1\01\clip_image011.emz"
o:title=""/> </v:shape><![endif]--><!--[if !vml]--><img height="405" src="file:///C:/DOCUME~1/manikant/LOCALS~1/Temp/msohtmlclip1/01/clip_image012.gif" v:shapes="_x0000_i1031" width="528" /><!--[endif]--><o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="Default"><br />
</div><div class="Default"><span style="font-family: "Bookman Old Style","serif"; font-size: 10.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">The Iterative Waterfall model follows the same stages but feedback paths are available to its preceding stages.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div align="center" class="Default" style="text-align: center; text-indent: .5in;"><span style="font-family: "Bookman Old Style","serif"; font-size: 10.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><!--[if gte vml 1]><v:shape id="_x0000_i1032" type="#_x0000_t75"
style='width:354pt;height:285.75pt'> <v:imagedata src="file:///C:\DOCUME~1\manikant\LOCALS~1\Temp\msohtmlclip1\01\clip_image013.png"
o:title=""/> </v:shape><![endif]--><!--[if !vml]--><img height="381" src="file:///C:/DOCUME~1/manikant/LOCALS~1/Temp/msohtmlclip1/01/clip_image014.jpg" v:shapes="_x0000_i1032" width="472" /><!--[endif]--><o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="Default" style="text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><br />
</div><div class="Default" style="text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="font-family: "Bookman Old Style","serif"; font-size: 10.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Activities in each phase of the life cycle <o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="Default" style="text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><b><span style="font-family: "Bookman Old Style","serif"; font-size: 10.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Activities undertaken during feasibility study: - <o:p></o:p></span></b></div><div class="Default" style="margin-bottom: 12.0pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 5.0pt; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="font-family: "Bookman Old Style","serif"; font-size: 10.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">The main aim of feasibility study is to determine whether it would be financially and technically feasible to develop the product.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="Default" style="margin-bottom: 12.0pt; margin-left: .5in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 5.0pt; mso-list: l20 level1 lfo13; tab-stops: list .5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 10.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: "Bookman Old Style","serif"; font-size: 10.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">At first project managers or team leaders try to have <b><i>a rough understanding of what is required to be done by visiting the client side</i></b>. They study different input data to the system and output data to be produced by the system<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="Default" style="margin-bottom: 12.0pt; margin-left: .5in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 5.0pt; mso-list: l20 level1 lfo13; tab-stops: list .5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 10.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: "Bookman Old Style","serif"; font-size: 10.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">After they have an <b><i>overall understanding of the problem they investigate the different solutions that are possible.</i></b> <o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="Default" style="margin-bottom: 12.0pt; margin-left: .5in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 5.0pt; mso-list: l20 level1 lfo13; tab-stops: list .5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 10.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: "Bookman Old Style","serif"; font-size: 10.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Then they <b><i>pick the best solution</i></b> and <b><i>determine whether the solution is feasible financially and technically</i></b>. <o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="Default" style="text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><b><span style="font-family: "Bookman Old Style","serif"; font-size: 10.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Activities undertaken during requirements analysis and specification: - </span></b><span style="font-family: "Bookman Old Style","serif"; font-size: 10.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">The aim of the requirements analysis and specification phase is to understand the exact requirements of the customer and to document them properly. This phase consists of two distinct activities, namely <o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="Default" style="margin-bottom: 5.0pt; margin-left: 45.35pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 5.0pt; mso-list: l27 level3 lfo10; tab-stops: list 45.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 10.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: "Bookman Old Style","serif"; font-size: 10.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Requirements gathering and analysis, and <o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="Default" style="margin-bottom: 5.0pt; margin-left: 45.35pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 5.0pt; mso-list: l27 level3 lfo10; tab-stops: list 45.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 10.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: "Bookman Old Style","serif"; font-size: 10.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Requirements specification <o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="Default" style="margin-bottom: 5.0pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 5.0pt; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><b><span style="font-family: "Bookman Old Style","serif"; font-size: 10.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Activities undertaken during design: - </span></b><i><span style="font-family: "Bookman Old Style","serif"; font-size: 10.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">The goal of the design phase is to transform the requirements specified in the SRS document into a structure that is suitable for implementation in some programming language</span></i><span style="font-family: "Bookman Old Style","serif"; font-size: 10.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">. In technical terms, during the design phase the software architecture is derived from the SRS document. Two distinctly different approaches are available: the traditional design approach and the object-oriented design approach. <o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="Default" style="margin-bottom: 5.0pt; margin-left: .5in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 5.0pt; mso-list: l12 level1 lfo14; tab-stops: list .5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 10.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><b><span style="font-family: "Bookman Old Style","serif"; font-size: 10.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Traditional design approach </span></b><span style="font-family: "Bookman Old Style","serif"; font-size: 10.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="Default" style="margin-bottom: 5.0pt; margin-left: .75in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 5.0pt; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="font-family: "Bookman Old Style","serif"; font-size: 10.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Traditional design consists of two different activities; first a structured analysis of the requirements specification is carried out where the detailed structure of the problem is examined. This is followed by a structured design activity. During structured design, the results of structured analysis are transformed into the software design. <o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="Default" style="margin-bottom: 5.0pt; margin-left: .5in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 5.0pt; mso-list: l12 level1 lfo14; tab-stops: list .5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 10.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><b><span style="font-family: "Bookman Old Style","serif"; font-size: 10.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Object-oriented design approach </span></b><span style="font-family: "Bookman Old Style","serif"; font-size: 10.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="Default" style="margin-bottom: 5.0pt; margin-left: .75in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 5.0pt; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="font-family: "Bookman Old Style","serif"; font-size: 10.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">In this technique, various objects that occur in the problem domain and the solution domain are first identified, and the different relationships that exist among these objects are identified. The object structure is further refined to obtain the detailed design. <o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="Default" style="text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><b><span style="font-family: "Bookman Old Style","serif"; font-size: 10.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Activities undertaken during coding and unit testing:- </span></b><i><span style="font-family: "Bookman Old Style","serif"; font-size: 10.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">The purpose of the coding and unit testing phase (sometimes called the implementation phase) of software development is to translate the software design into source code<b>.</b></span></i><span style="font-family: "Bookman Old Style","serif"; font-size: 10.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> Each component of the design is implemented as a program module. The end-product of this phase is a set of program modules that have been individually tested. <o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="Default" style="text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="font-family: "Bookman Old Style","serif"; font-size: 10.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">During this phase, each module is unit tested to determine the correct working of all the individual modules. It involves testing each module in isolation as this is the most efficient way to debug the errors identified at this stage. <o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="Default" style="text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><br />
</div><div class="Default" style="text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><b><span style="font-family: "Bookman Old Style","serif"; font-size: 10.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Activities undertaken during integration and system testing: - </span></b><span style="font-family: "Bookman Old Style","serif"; font-size: 10.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Integration of different modules is undertaken once they have been coded and unit tested. During the integration and system testing phase, the modules are integrated in a planned manner. The different modules making up a software product are almost never integrated in one shot. Integration is normally carried out incrementally over a number of steps. During each integration step, the partially integrated system is tested and a set of previously planned modules are added to it. Finally, when all the modules have been successfully integrated and tested, system testing is carried out. The goal of system testing is to ensure that the developed system conforms to its requirements laid out in the SRS document. <o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="Default" style="text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><br />
</div><div class="Default" style="text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="font-family: "Bookman Old Style","serif"; font-size: 10.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">System testing usually consists of three different kinds of testing activities: <o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="Default" style="margin-left: 27.0pt; mso-list: l5 level3 lfo12; tab-stops: list 27.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Wingdings; font-size: 10.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings;">§<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><b><span style="font-family: "Bookman Old Style","serif"; font-size: 10.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">α – testing</span></b><span style="font-family: "Bookman Old Style","serif"; font-size: 10.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">: It is the system testing performed by the development team. <o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="Default" style="margin-left: 27.0pt; mso-list: l5 level3 lfo12; tab-stops: list 27.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Wingdings; font-size: 10.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings;">§<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><b><span style="font-family: "Bookman Old Style","serif"; font-size: 10.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">β – testing</span></b><span style="font-family: "Bookman Old Style","serif"; font-size: 10.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">: It is the system testing performed by a friendly set of customers. <o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="Default" style="margin-left: 27.0pt; mso-list: l5 level3 lfo12; tab-stops: list 27.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Wingdings; font-size: 10.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings;">§<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><b><span style="font-family: "Bookman Old Style","serif"; font-size: 10.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">acceptance testing</span></b><span style="font-family: "Bookman Old Style","serif"; font-size: 10.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">: It is the system testing performed by the customer himself after the product delivery to determine whether to accept or reject the delivered product. <o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="Default" style="text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><br />
</div><div class="Default" style="text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><b><span style="font-family: "Bookman Old Style","serif"; font-size: 10.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Activities undertaken during maintenance: - </span></b><span style="font-family: "Bookman Old Style","serif"; font-size: 10.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="Default" style="text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="font-family: "Bookman Old Style","serif"; font-size: 10.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Maintenance of a typical software product requires much more than the effort necessary to develop the product itself. Many studies carried out in the past confirm this and indicate that the relative effort of development of a typical software product to its maintenance effort is roughly in the 40:60 ratio. Maintenance involves performing any one or more of the following three kinds of activities: <o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="Default" style="margin-left: .25in; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo11; tab-stops: list .25in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 10.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: "Bookman Old Style","serif"; font-size: 10.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Correcting errors that were not discovered during the product development phase. This is called <i>corrective maintenance</i>. <o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="Default" style="margin-left: .25in; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo11; tab-stops: list .25in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 10.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: "Bookman Old Style","serif"; font-size: 10.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Improving the implementation of the system and enhancing the functionalities of the system according to the customer’s requirements. This is called <i>perfective maintenance</i>. <o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="Default" style="margin-left: .25in; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo11; tab-stops: list .25in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 10.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: "Bookman Old Style","serif"; font-size: 10.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Porting the software to work in a new environment. For example, porting may be required to get the software to work on a new computer platform or with a new operating system. This is called <i>adaptive maintenance.</i> <o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="Default"><br />
</div><div class="Default"><span style="font-family: "Bookman Old Style","serif"; font-size: 10.5pt;">The advantages of Classical Waterfall model are:<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="Default" style="margin-left: .5in; mso-list: l29 level1 lfo15; tab-stops: list .5in; text-indent: -.25in;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 10.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: "Bookman Old Style","serif"; font-size: 10.5pt;">It follows a rigid structure.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="Default" style="margin-left: .5in; mso-list: l29 level1 lfo15; tab-stops: list .5in; text-indent: -.25in;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 10.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: "Bookman Old Style","serif"; font-size: 10.5pt;">If we follow it, we can develop an error free software product.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="Default"><br />
</div><div class="Default"><span style="font-family: "Bookman Old Style","serif"; font-size: 10.5pt;">The disadvantages of Classical Waterfall model are:<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="Default" style="margin-left: .5in; mso-list: l29 level1 lfo15; tab-stops: list .5in; text-indent: -.25in;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 10.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: "Bookman Old Style","serif"; font-size: 10.5pt;">It is difficult to define all requirements at the beginning of a project<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="Default" style="margin-left: .5in; mso-list: l29 level1 lfo15; tab-stops: list .5in; text-indent: -.25in;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 10.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: "Bookman Old Style","serif"; font-size: 10.5pt;">A working version of the system is not seen until late in the projects<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="Default" style="margin-left: .5in; mso-list: l29 level1 lfo15; tab-stops: list .5in; text-indent: -.25in;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 10.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: "Bookman Old Style","serif"; font-size: 10.5pt;">It does not scale up well to large projects<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="Default" style="margin-left: .5in; mso-list: l29 level1 lfo15; tab-stops: list .5in; text-indent: -.25in;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 10.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: "Bookman Old Style","serif"; font-size: 10.5pt;">Real projects are rarely sequential<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="Default" style="text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><br />
</div><div class="Default"><span style="font-family: "Bookman Old Style","serif"; font-size: 10.5pt;">The advantages of Iterative Waterfall model are:<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="Default" style="margin-left: .5in; mso-list: l29 level1 lfo15; tab-stops: list .5in; text-indent: -.25in;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 10.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: "Bookman Old Style","serif"; font-size: 10.5pt;">It does not follow a rigid structure.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="Default"><span style="font-family: "Bookman Old Style","serif"; font-size: 10.5pt;">The disadvantages of Classical Waterfall model are:<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="Default" style="margin-left: .5in; mso-list: l29 level1 lfo15; tab-stops: list .5in; text-indent: -.25in;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 10.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: "Bookman Old Style","serif"; font-size: 10.5pt;">It is difficult to define all requirements at the beginning of a project<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="Default" style="margin-left: .5in; mso-list: l29 level1 lfo15; tab-stops: list .5in; text-indent: -.25in;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 10.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: "Bookman Old Style","serif"; font-size: 10.5pt;">A working version of the system is not seen until late in the projects<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="Default" style="margin-left: .5in; mso-list: l29 level1 lfo15; tab-stops: list .5in; text-indent: -.25in;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 13.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: "Bookman Old Style","serif"; font-size: 10.5pt;">It does not scale up well to large projects</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 13.5pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="Default" style="margin-left: .5in; mso-list: l29 level1 lfo15; tab-stops: list .5in; text-indent: -.25in;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 13.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: "Bookman Old Style","serif"; font-size: 10.5pt;">Real projects are rarely sequential</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 13.5pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="Default" style="margin-left: .25in;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 9.0pt; mso-list: l39 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: -9.0pt 0in list 9.0pt .25in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><b><span style="font-family: "Bookman Old Style","serif"; font-size: 10.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Bookman Old Style"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Bookman Old Style";">20.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></b><!--[endif]--><b><span style="font-family: "Bookman Old Style","serif"; font-size: 10.5pt;"> Q: Describe a prototype Life Cycle Model? Give its advantages and disadvantages. <o:p></o:p></span></b></div><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: -27.0pt; tab-stops: -9.0pt 0in; text-align: center;"><b><span style="font-family: "Bookman Old Style","serif"; font-size: 10.5pt;">OR<o:p></o:p></span></b></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="tab-stops: -9.0pt 0in; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><b><span style="font-family: "Bookman Old Style","serif"; font-size: 10.5pt;">What is a prototype? Is it always beneficial to construct a prototype model? Does the construction of a prototype model always increase the overall cost of Software development? Justify your answer. [2006, 2008] <o:p></o:p></span></b></div><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: -27.0pt; tab-stops: -9.0pt 0in; text-align: center;"><b><span style="font-family: "Bookman Old Style","serif"; font-size: 10.5pt;">OR<o:p></o:p></span></b></div><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: -27.0pt; tab-stops: -9.0pt 0in; text-align: center;"><b><span style="font-family: "Bookman Old Style","serif"; font-size: 10.5pt;">What is prototype? When we need to develop a prototype? [2008]<o:p></o:p></span></b></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: -27.0pt; tab-stops: -9.0pt 0in; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: -27.0pt; tab-stops: -9.0pt 0in; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><b><span style="font-family: "Bookman Old Style","serif"; font-size: 10.5pt;">Answer:<o:p></o:p></span></b></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="font-family: "Bookman Old Style","serif"; font-size: 10.5pt;">A prototype is a toy implementation of the system. A prototype usually exhibits limited functional capabilities, low reliability, and inefficient performance compared to the actual software. A prototype is usually built using several shortcuts. The shortcuts might involve using inefficient, inaccurate, or dummy functions. The shortcut implementation of a function, for example, may produce the desired results by using a table look-up instead of performing the actual computations. A prototype usually turns out to be a very crude version of the actual system. This model divides the life cycle of a software development process into the phases as shown below:-<b><o:p></o:p></b></span></div><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><b><span style="font-family: "Bookman Old Style","serif"; font-size: 10.5pt;"><!--[if gte vml 1]><v:shape
id="_x0000_i1033" type="#_x0000_t75" style='width:276.75pt;height:228pt'> <v:imagedata src="file:///C:\DOCUME~1\manikant\LOCALS~1\Temp\msohtmlclip1\01\clip_image015.png"
o:title=""/> </v:shape><![endif]--><!--[if !vml]--><img height="304" src="file:///C:/DOCUME~1/manikant/LOCALS~1/Temp/msohtmlclip1/01/clip_image016.jpg" v:shapes="_x0000_i1033" width="369" /><!--[endif]--><o:p></o:p></span></b></div><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 6.0pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="font-family: 'Bookman Old Style', serif; font-size: 10.5pt;">There are several uses of a prototype. An important purpose is to illustrate the input data formats, messages, reports, and the interactive dialogues to the customer. This is a valuable mechanism for gaining better understanding of the customer’s needs: <o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 1.0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 3.0pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-autospace: none; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="font-family: 'Bookman Old Style', serif; font-size: 10.5pt;">• How the screens might look like <o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 1.0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 3.0pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-autospace: none; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="font-family: 'Bookman Old Style', serif; font-size: 10.5pt;">• How the user interface would behave <o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 1.0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 3.0pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-autospace: none; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="font-family: 'Bookman Old Style', serif; font-size: 10.5pt;">• How the system would produce outputs <o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><b><span style="font-family: "Bookman Old Style","serif"; font-size: 10.5pt;">Advantages:<o:p></o:p></span></b></div><ul style="margin-top: 0in;" type="disc"><li class="MsoNormal" style="mso-list: l10 level1 lfo16; tab-stops: list .5in; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="font-family: "Bookman Old Style","serif"; font-size: 10.5pt;">A partial product is built in the initial stages. So customers get a chance to see the product early in the life cycle and thus give necessary feedback.<b><o:p></o:p></b></span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="mso-list: l10 level1 lfo16; tab-stops: list .5in; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="font-family: "Bookman Old Style","serif"; font-size: 10.5pt;">Requirement becomes more clear resulting into an accurate product<b><o:p></o:p></b></span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="mso-list: l10 level1 lfo16; tab-stops: list .5in; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="font-family: "Bookman Old Style","serif"; font-size: 10.5pt;">New requirements can be easily accommodated.<b><o:p></o:p></b></span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="mso-list: l10 level1 lfo16; tab-stops: list .5in; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="font-family: "Bookman Old Style","serif"; font-size: 10.5pt;">Flexibility in design and development is also supported by the model.<b><o:p></o:p></b></span></li>
</ul><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><b><span style="font-family: "Bookman Old Style","serif"; font-size: 10.5pt;">Disadvantages:<o:p></o:p></span></b></div><ul style="margin-top: 0in;" type="disc"><li class="MsoNormal" style="mso-list: l10 level1 lfo16; tab-stops: list .5in; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="font-family: "Bookman Old Style","serif"; font-size: 10.5pt;">Developers in a hurry may build prototypes and end up with sub-optimal solution<b><o:p></o:p></b></span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="mso-list: l10 level1 lfo16; tab-stops: list .5in; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="font-family: "Bookman Old Style","serif"; font-size: 10.5pt;">After seeing the early prototype the users may demand the actual system to be delivered soon.<b><o:p></o:p></b></span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="mso-list: l10 level1 lfo16; tab-stops: list .5in; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="font-family: "Bookman Old Style","serif"; font-size: 10.5pt;">If end user is not satisfied with initial prototype, he may loose interest in the project.<b><o:p></o:p></b></span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="mso-list: l10 level1 lfo16; tab-stops: list .5in; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="font-family: "Bookman Old Style","serif"; font-size: 10.5pt;">Poor documentation<b><o:p></o:p></b></span></li>
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</div><div class="Default" style="text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><i><span style="font-family: "Bookman Old Style","serif"; font-size: 10.5pt;">No, it is always not beneficial to construct a prototype model. </span></i><span style="font-family: "Bookman Old Style","serif"; font-size: 10.5pt;">Because, if the technical solution is clear then it will be more time consuming by using prototype. Also, it is not useful for very large projects. <o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="Default" style="text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><br />
</div><div class="Default" style="text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><i><span style="font-family: "Bookman Old Style","serif"; font-size: 10.5pt;">Yes the construction of a prototype model always increase the overall cost of Software development</span></i><b><span style="font-family: "Bookman Old Style","serif"; font-size: 10.5pt;"> because building the user prototype also effort time and money. <o:p></o:p></span></b></div><div class="Default"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 9.0pt; mso-list: l39 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: -9.0pt 0in list 9.0pt .25in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><b><span style="font-family: "Bookman Old Style","serif"; font-size: 10.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Bookman Old Style"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Bookman Old Style";">21.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></b><!--[endif]--><b><span style="font-family: "Bookman Old Style","serif"; font-size: 10.5pt;"> Q: What is Evolutionary Model? Describe its merits and demerits. <o:p></o:p></span></b></div><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: -27.0pt; tab-stops: -9.0pt 0in; text-align: center;"><b><span style="font-family: "Bookman Old Style","serif"; font-size: 10.5pt;">OR<o:p></o:p></span></b></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: -27.0pt; tab-stops: -9.0pt 0in; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><b><span style="font-family: "Bookman Old Style","serif"; font-size: 10.5pt;"> What do you mean by Software Life Cycle? Describe Incremental Model. [2003]<o:p></o:p></span></b></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><b><span style="font-family: "Bookman Old Style","serif"; font-size: 10.5pt;">Answer: <o:p></o:p></span></b></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="tab-stops: -9.0pt 0in; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="font-family: "Bookman Old Style","serif"; font-size: 10.5pt;">A software life cycle is a series of identifiable stages that a software product undergoes during its lifetime. A software life cycle model (also called Software process model) is a descriptive and diagrammatic representation of the software life cycle. A life cycle model represents all the activities required to make a software product transit through its life cycle phases. It also captures the order in which these activities are to be undertaken. <o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="font-family: "Bookman Old Style","serif"; font-size: 10.5pt;">This model is also known as <i>successive versions model</i>. It is sometimes also termed as <i>Incremental Model</i>. This model is also referred to as successive versions model. In this model, the software is first broken down into several models which can be incrementally constructed and delivered. The development team first develops the core model of the system. This initial product skeleton is refined into increasing levels of capacity by adding new functionalities in successive versions. Each evolutionary version may be developed using an iterative waterfall model of development.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="font-family: "Bookman Old Style","serif"; font-size: 10.5pt;">This model divides the life cycle of a software development process into the phases as shown below:-<o:p></o:p></span></div><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><b><span style="font-family: "Bookman Old Style","serif"; font-size: 10.5pt;"><!--[if gte vml 1]><v:shape
id="_x0000_i1034" type="#_x0000_t75" style='width:321pt;height:125.25pt'> <v:imagedata src="file:///C:\DOCUME~1\manikant\LOCALS~1\Temp\msohtmlclip1\01\clip_image017.png"
o:title=""/> </v:shape><![endif]--><!--[if !vml]--><img height="167" src="file:///C:/DOCUME~1/manikant/LOCALS~1/Temp/msohtmlclip1/01/clip_image018.jpg" v:shapes="_x0000_i1034" width="428" /><!--[endif]--><o:p></o:p></span></b></div><div class="MsoNormal"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: "Bookman Old Style","serif"; font-size: 10.5pt;">Here A, B, C is modules of a software product that are incrementally developed and delivered.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><b><span style="font-family: "Bookman Old Style","serif"; font-size: 10.5pt;">Advantages:<o:p></o:p></span></b></div><ul style="margin-top: 0in;" type="disc"><li class="MsoNormal" style="mso-list: l10 level1 lfo16; tab-stops: list .5in; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="font-family: "Bookman Old Style","serif"; font-size: 10.5pt;">Early delivery of portions of the system even though some of the requirements are not yet decided.<b><o:p></o:p></b></span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="mso-list: l10 level1 lfo16; tab-stops: list .5in; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="font-family: "Bookman Old Style","serif"; font-size: 10.5pt;">The core modules get tested thoroughly, thereby reducing chances of errors in the final product<b><o:p></o:p></b></span></li>
</ul><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><b><span style="font-family: "Bookman Old Style","serif"; font-size: 10.5pt;">Disadvantages:<o:p></o:p></span></b></div><ul style="margin-top: 0in;" type="disc"><li class="MsoNormal" style="mso-list: l10 level1 lfo16; tab-stops: list .5in; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="font-family: "Bookman Old Style","serif"; font-size: 10.5pt;">For most practical problems, it is difficult to subdivide the problem into several functional units that can be incrementally implemented and delivered<b><o:p></o:p></b></span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="mso-list: l10 level1 lfo16; tab-stops: list .5in; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="font-family: "Bookman Old Style","serif"; font-size: 10.5pt;">Model can be used only for very large problems, where it is easier to identify modules for incremental implementation<b><o:p></o:p></b></span></li>
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</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 9.0pt; mso-list: l39 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: -9.0pt 0in list 9.0pt .25in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><b><span style="font-family: "Bookman Old Style","serif"; font-size: 10.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Bookman Old Style"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Bookman Old Style";">22.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></b><!--[endif]--><b><span style="font-family: "Bookman Old Style","serif"; font-size: 10.5pt;"> Q: What is a <st1:place w:st="on">Meta</st1:place> Model? List the merits and demerits of <st1:place w:st="on">Meta</st1:place> Model [2006]<o:p></o:p></span></b></div><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: -27.0pt; tab-stops: -9.0pt 0in; text-align: center;"><b><span style="font-family: "Bookman Old Style","serif"; font-size: 10.5pt;">OR<o:p></o:p></span></b></div><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: -27.0pt; tab-stops: -9.0pt 0in; text-align: center;"><b><span style="font-family: "Bookman Old Style","serif"; font-size: 10.5pt;"> Why the spiral life cycle model is considered to be a <st1:place w:st="on">Meta</st1:place> model? [08C, 09C]<o:p></o:p></span></b></div><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: -27.0pt; tab-stops: -9.0pt 0in; text-align: center;"><b><span style="font-family: "Bookman Old Style","serif"; font-size: 10.5pt;">OR<o:p></o:p></span></b></div><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: -27.0pt; tab-stops: -9.0pt 0in; text-align: center;"><b><span style="font-family: "Bookman Old Style","serif"; font-size: 10.5pt;">Clearly explain in brief why spiral model is called <st1:place w:st="on">Meta</st1:place> model? [2010]<o:p></o:p></span></b></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: -27.0pt; tab-stops: -9.0pt 0in; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><b><span style="font-family: "Bookman Old Style","serif"; font-size: 10.5pt;">Answer: <o:p></o:p></span></b></div><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: 11.0pt;"><!--[if gte vml 1]><v:shape id="_x0000_i1035" type="#_x0000_t75"
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o:title=""/> </v:shape><![endif]--><!--[if !vml]--><img height="329" src="file:///C:/DOCUME~1/manikant/LOCALS~1/Temp/msohtmlclip1/01/clip_image020.jpg" v:shapes="_x0000_i1035" width="572" /><!--[endif]--><o:p></o:p></span></div><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 9.35pt; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="font-family: "Bookman Old Style","serif"; font-size: 10.5pt;">The diagrammatic representation of this model appears like a spiral. The exact number of loops is not fixed. Each phase in this model is divided into four sectors. <i>First quadrant identifies the objectives of the phase and alternative solutions possible for the phase under consideration. Second quadrant, the alternative solutions are evaluated to select the best possible solution. For the chosen solution, the potential risks are identified and dealt with by developing an appropriate prototype. <b>A risk is essentially any adverse circumstances that might hamper the successful completion of software. </b>The third quadrant consists of developing and verifying the next level of the product. The fourth quadrant consists of reviewing and planning the next phase. </i>The life cycle model is called a <st1:place w:st="on"><b><i>Meta</i></b></st1:place><b><i> model </i></b>since it encompasses all other life cycle models. However, this model is much more complex than other models.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="Default"><br />
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</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 9.0pt; mso-list: l39 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: -9.0pt 0in list 9.0pt .25in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><b><span style="font-family: "Bookman Old Style","serif"; font-size: 10.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Bookman Old Style"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Bookman Old Style";">23.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></b><!--[endif]--><b><span style="font-family: "Bookman Old Style","serif"; font-size: 10.5pt;"> Q: Compare the Different Life Cycle Models.<o:p></o:p></span></b></div><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: -27.0pt; tab-stops: -9.0pt 0in; text-align: center;"><b><span style="font-family: "Bookman Old Style","serif"; font-size: 10.5pt;">OR<o:p></o:p></span></b></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: -27.0pt; tab-stops: -9.0pt 0in; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><b><span style="font-family: "Bookman Old Style","serif"; font-size: 10.5pt;"> Distinguish between Waterfall model and Spiral Model [2008C]<o:p></o:p></span></b></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: -27.0pt; tab-stops: -9.0pt 0in;"><b><span style="font-family: "Bookman Old Style","serif"; font-size: 10.5pt;"> Answer:<o:p></o:p></span></b></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><b><span style="font-family: "Bookman Old Style","serif"; font-size: 10.5pt;">Comparison of Different Life Cycle Model<o:p></o:p></span></b></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="font-family: "Bookman Old Style","serif"; font-size: 10.5pt;">The <i>Classical Waterfall model</i> can be considered as the basic model and all other life cycle model as embellishment of this model. However, Classical Waterfall model cannot be used in practical development of the project. This problem is overcome <i>in iterative waterfall model</i>. The interactive waterfall model is the model widely used model. This model is simple to understand and use. However, this model is suitable only for well-understood problems; it is not suitable for very large projects and for projects that are subject to many risks. The <i>prototyping model </i>is suitable for projects for which either the user requirements or the underlying aspects are not well understood. This model is especially popular for development of the user-interface part of the projects. The <i>evolutionary approach</i> is suitable for large problems which can be decomposed into a set of modules for incremental development and delivery. This model is also widely used for object-oriented development projects. <i>Spiral mode</i>l is called a <st1:place w:st="on">Meta</st1:place> model since it encompasses all other life cycle models. Risk handle is inherently built into this model.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="Default"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 9.0pt; mso-list: l39 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: -9.0pt 0in list 9.0pt .25in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><b><span style="font-family: "Bookman Old Style","serif"; font-size: 10.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Bookman Old Style"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Bookman Old Style";">24.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></b><!--[endif]--><b><span style="font-family: "Bookman Old Style","serif"; font-size: 10.5pt;"> Q: What is software development life cycle? Explain different Software development life cycle with their relative merits and demerits. [2007C]<o:p></o:p></span></b></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: -27.0pt; tab-stops: -9.0pt 0in;"><b><span style="font-family: "Bookman Old Style","serif"; font-size: 10.5pt;"> Answer:<o:p></o:p></span></b></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="tab-stops: -9.0pt 0in; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="font-family: "Bookman Old Style","serif"; font-size: 10.5pt;">A software life cycle is a series of identifiable stages that a software product undergoes during its lifetime. A software life cycle model (also called Software process model) is a descriptive and diagrammatic representation of the software life cycle. A life cycle model represents all the activities required to make a software product transit through its life cycle phases. It also captures the order in which these activities are to be undertaken. <o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="tab-stops: -9.0pt 0in; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><br />
</div><div class="Default" style="text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="font-family: "Bookman Old Style","serif"; font-size: 10.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Many life cycle models have been proposed so far. Each of them has some advantages as well as some disadvantages. A few important and commonly used life cycle models are as follows: <o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="Default" style="margin-left: .5in; mso-list: l36 level1 lfo7; tab-stops: list .5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 10.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: "Bookman Old Style","serif"; font-size: 10.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Classical Waterfall Model <o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="Default" style="margin-left: .5in; mso-list: l36 level1 lfo7; tab-stops: list .5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 10.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: "Bookman Old Style","serif"; font-size: 10.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Iterative Waterfall Model <o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="Default" style="margin-left: .5in; mso-list: l36 level1 lfo7; tab-stops: list .5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 10.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: "Bookman Old Style","serif"; font-size: 10.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Prototyping Model <o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="Default" style="margin-left: .5in; mso-list: l36 level1 lfo7; tab-stops: list .5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 10.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: "Bookman Old Style","serif"; font-size: 10.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Evolutionary Model <o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .5in; mso-list: l36 level1 lfo7; tab-stops: -9.0pt 0in list .5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 10.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: "Bookman Old Style","serif"; font-size: 10.5pt;">Spiral Model<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .25in; tab-stops: -9.0pt 0in; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="tab-stops: -9.0pt 0in; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><b><span style="font-family: "Bookman Old Style","serif"; font-size: 10.5pt;">WRITE DOWN BREIFLY THE ARCHITECTURE, DESCRIPTION, MERITS & DEMERITS OF ALL LIFE CYCLE MODEL.<o:p></o:p></span></b></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="tab-stops: -9.0pt 0in; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><br />
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</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 9.0pt; mso-list: l39 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: -9.0pt 0in list 9.0pt .25in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><b><span style="font-family: "Bookman Old Style","serif"; font-size: 10.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Bookman Old Style"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Bookman Old Style";">25.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></b><!--[endif]--><b><span style="font-family: "Bookman Old Style","serif"; font-size: 10.5pt;"> Q: List the major responsibilities of a software project manager. [2007C]<o:p></o:p></span></b></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: -27.0pt; tab-stops: -9.0pt 0in;"><b><span style="font-family: "Bookman Old Style","serif"; font-size: 10.5pt;"> Answer:<o:p></o:p></span></b></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="tab-stops: -9.0pt 0in; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="font-family: "Bookman Old Style","serif"; font-size: 10.5pt;">The major responsibilities of a Software Project Manager:<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="font-family: 'Bookman Old Style', serif; font-size: 10.5pt;">Software project managers take the overall responsibility of steering a project to success. It is very difficult to objectively describe the job responsibilities of a project manager. The job responsibility of a project manager ranges from invisible activities like building up team morale to highly visible customer presentations. <o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="font-family: 'Bookman Old Style', serif; font-size: 10.5pt;">Most managers take responsibility for <o:p></o:p></span></div><ul style="margin-top: 0in;" type="disc"><li class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><b><i><span style="font-family: "Bookman Old Style","serif"; font-size: 10.5pt;">Project proposal writing</span></i></b><span style="font-family: "Bookman Old Style","serif"; font-size: 10.5pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><b><i><span style="font-family: "Bookman Old Style","serif"; font-size: 10.5pt;">project cost estimation</span></i></b><span style="font-family: "Bookman Old Style","serif"; font-size: 10.5pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><b><i><span style="font-family: "Bookman Old Style","serif"; font-size: 10.5pt;">Project Scheduling </span></i></b><span style="font-family: "Bookman Old Style","serif"; font-size: 10.5pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><b><i><span style="font-family: "Bookman Old Style","serif"; font-size: 10.5pt;">Project staffing </span></i></b><span style="font-family: "Bookman Old Style","serif"; font-size: 10.5pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><b><i><span style="font-family: "Bookman Old Style","serif"; font-size: 10.5pt;">Software process tailoring </span></i></b><span style="font-family: "Bookman Old Style","serif"; font-size: 10.5pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><b><i><span style="font-family: "Bookman Old Style","serif"; font-size: 10.5pt;">Project monitoring</span></i></b><span style="font-family: "Bookman Old Style","serif"; font-size: 10.5pt;"> and <b><i>control</i></b><o:p></o:p></span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><b><i><span style="font-family: "Bookman Old Style","serif"; font-size: 10.5pt;">Software configuration management</span></i></b><span style="font-family: "Bookman Old Style","serif"; font-size: 10.5pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><b><i><span style="font-family: "Bookman Old Style","serif"; font-size: 10.5pt;">Project risk management</span></i></b><span style="font-family: "Bookman Old Style","serif"; font-size: 10.5pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><b><i><span style="font-family: "Bookman Old Style","serif"; font-size: 10.5pt;">Interfacing with clients</span></i></b><span style="font-family: "Bookman Old Style","serif"; font-size: 10.5pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><b><i><span style="font-family: "Bookman Old Style","serif"; font-size: 10.5pt;">Managerial report writing and presentations</span></i></b><span style="font-family: "Bookman Old Style","serif"; font-size: 10.5pt;">, etc. <o:p></o:p></span></li>
</ul><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .25in; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="font-family: 'Bookman Old Style', serif; font-size: 10.5pt;">These activities are certainly numerous, varied and difficult to enumerate, but these activities can be broadly classified into project planning, and project monitoring and control activities. The project planning activity is undertaken before the development starts to plan the activities to be undertaken during development. The project monitoring and control activities are undertaken once the development activities start with the aim of ensuring that the development proceeds as per plan and changing the plan whenever required to cope up with the situation.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="Default"><br />
</div><div class="Default"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 9.0pt; mso-list: l39 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: -9.0pt 0in list 9.0pt .25in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><b><span style="font-family: "Bookman Old Style","serif"; font-size: 10.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Bookman Old Style"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Bookman Old Style";">26.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></b><!--[endif]--><b><span style="font-family: "Bookman Old Style","serif"; font-size: 10.5pt;"> Q: List the Skill necessary for Software Project Management.<o:p></o:p></span></b></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: -27.0pt; tab-stops: -9.0pt 0in;"><b><span style="font-family: "Bookman Old Style","serif"; font-size: 10.5pt;"> Answer:<o:p></o:p></span></b></div><ul style="margin-top: 0in;" type="disc"><li class="MsoNormal" style="mso-list: l4 level1 lfo19; tab-stops: list .5in; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="font-family: "Bookman Old Style","serif"; font-size: 10.5pt;">A theoretical knowledge of different project management techniques is certainly necessary to become a successful project manager. <o:p></o:p></span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="mso-list: l4 level1 lfo19; tab-stops: list .5in; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="font-family: "Bookman Old Style","serif"; font-size: 10.5pt;">However, effective software project management frequently calls for good qualitative judgment and decision taking capabilities. <o:p></o:p></span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="mso-list: l4 level1 lfo19; tab-stops: list .5in; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="font-family: "Bookman Old Style","serif"; font-size: 10.5pt;">In addition to having a good grasp of the latest software project management techniques such as cost estimation, risk management, configuration management, project managers need good communication skills and the ability get work done.<o:p></o:p></span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="mso-list: l4 level1 lfo19; tab-stops: list .5in; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="font-family: "Bookman Old Style","serif"; font-size: 10.5pt;">However, some skills such as tracking and controlling the progress of the project, customer interaction, managerial presentations, and team building are largely acquired through experience.<o:p></o:p></span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="mso-list: l4 level1 lfo19; tab-stops: list .5in; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="font-family: "Bookman Old Style","serif"; font-size: 10.5pt;">None the less, the importance of sound knowledge of the prevalent project management techniques cannot be overemphasized.<o:p></o:p></span></li>
</ul><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .25in; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 9.0pt; mso-list: l39 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: -9.0pt 0in list 9.0pt .25in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><b><span style="font-family: "Bookman Old Style","serif"; font-size: 10.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Bookman Old Style"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Bookman Old Style";">27.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></b><!--[endif]--><b><span style="font-family: "Bookman Old Style","serif"; font-size: 10.5pt;"> Q: What are the different project planning Activities? Briefly describe.<o:p></o:p></span></b></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: -27.0pt; tab-stops: -9.0pt 0in;"><b><span style="font-family: "Bookman Old Style","serif"; font-size: 10.5pt;"> Answer:<o:p></o:p></span></b></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="font-family: 'Bookman Old Style', serif; font-size: 10.5pt;">Once a project is found to be feasible, software project managers undertake project planning. Project planning is undertaken and completed even before any development activity starts. Project planning consists of the following essential activities: <o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .75in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-indent: -.25in; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="font-family: 'Bookman Old Style', serif; font-size: 10.5pt;">• <b><i>Estimating the following attributes of the project: <o:p></o:p></i></b></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 1.0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 6.0pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><b><span style="font-family: 'Bookman Old Style', serif; font-size: 10.5pt;">Project size</span></b><span style="font-family: 'Bookman Old Style', serif; font-size: 10.5pt;">: What will be problem complexity in terms of the effort and time required to develop the product? <o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 1.0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 6.0pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><b><span style="font-family: 'Bookman Old Style', serif; font-size: 10.5pt;">Cost</span></b><span style="font-family: 'Bookman Old Style', serif; font-size: 10.5pt;">: How much is it going to cost to develop the project? <o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .5in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 6.0pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-indent: .5in; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><b><span style="font-family: 'Bookman Old Style', serif; font-size: 10.5pt;">Duration</span></b><span style="font-family: 'Bookman Old Style', serif; font-size: 10.5pt;">: How long is it going to take to complete development? <o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 1.0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 6.0pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><b><span style="font-family: 'Bookman Old Style', serif; font-size: 10.5pt;">Effort</span></b><span style="font-family: 'Bookman Old Style', serif; font-size: 10.5pt;">: How much effort would be required? <o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .5in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 6.0pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="font-family: 'Bookman Old Style', serif; font-size: 10.5pt;">The effectiveness of the subsequent planning activities is based on the accuracy of these estimations. <o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .75in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 9.0pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-indent: -.25in; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><b><i><span style="font-family: 'Bookman Old Style', serif; font-size: 10.5pt;">• Scheduling manpower and other resources: </span></i></b><span style="font-family: 'Bookman Old Style', serif; font-size: 10.5pt;">After the estimations are made, the schedules for manpower and other resources have to be developed<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .75in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 9.0pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-indent: -.25in; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="font-family: 'Bookman Old Style', serif; font-size: 10.5pt;">• <b><i>Staff organization and staffing plans: </i></b>Staff organization and staffing plans have to be made. <o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .75in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 9.0pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-autospace: none; text-indent: -.25in;"><b><i><span style="font-family: 'Bookman Old Style', serif; font-size: 10.5pt;">• Risk identification, analysis, and abatement planning : </span></i></b><span style="font-family: 'Bookman Old Style', serif; font-size: 10.5pt;">Risk identification<b>, </b>analysis and abatement planning have to be done.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .75in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 9.0pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-indent: -.25in; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><b><i><span style="font-family: 'Bookman Old Style', serif; font-size: 10.5pt;">• Miscellaneous plans such as quality assurance plan, configuration management plan, etc. <o:p></o:p></span></i></b></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .75in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 9.0pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-indent: -.25in; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 9.0pt; mso-list: l39 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: -9.0pt 0in list 9.0pt .25in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><b><span style="font-family: "Bookman Old Style","serif"; font-size: 10.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Bookman Old Style"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Bookman Old Style";">28.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></b><!--[endif]--><b><span style="font-family: "Bookman Old Style","serif"; font-size: 10.5pt;">Q: What are the contents of Software Project Management Plan (SPMP) document? Briefly describe.<o:p></o:p></span></b></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: -27.0pt; tab-stops: -9.0pt 0in;"><b><span style="font-family: "Bookman Old Style","serif"; font-size: 10.5pt;"> Answer:<o:p></o:p></span></b></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="font-family: 'Bookman Old Style', serif; font-size: 10.5pt;">Once project planning is complete, project managers document their plans in a Software Project Management Plan (SPMP) document. The SPMP document should discuss a list of different items that have been discussed below. This list can be used as a possible organization of the SPMP document. <o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="font-family: 'Bookman Old Style', serif; font-size: 10.5pt;">Organization of the Software Project Management Plan (SPMP) Document<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .75in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-indent: -.25in; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="font-family: 'Bookman Old Style', serif; font-size: 10.5pt;">1. <b>Introduction </b><o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 1.0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-indent: -27.0pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="font-family: 'Bookman Old Style', serif; font-size: 10.5pt;">(a) Objectives <o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 1.0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-indent: -27.0pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="font-family: 'Bookman Old Style', serif; font-size: 10.5pt;">(b) Major Functions <o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 1.0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-indent: -27.0pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="font-family: 'Bookman Old Style', serif; font-size: 10.5pt;">(c) Performance Issues <o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 1.0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-indent: -27.0pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="font-family: 'Bookman Old Style', serif; font-size: 10.5pt;">(d) Management and Technical Constraints <o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .75in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-indent: -.25in; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="font-family: 'Bookman Old Style', serif; font-size: 10.5pt;">2. <b>Project Estimates </b><o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 1.0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-indent: -27.0pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="font-family: 'Bookman Old Style', serif; font-size: 10.5pt;">(a) Historical Data Used <o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 1.0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-indent: -27.0pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="font-family: 'Bookman Old Style', serif; font-size: 10.5pt;">(b) Estimation Techniques Used <o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 1.0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-indent: -27.0pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="font-family: 'Bookman Old Style', serif; font-size: 10.5pt;">(c) Effort, Resource, Cost, and Project Duration Estimates <o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .75in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-indent: -.25in; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="font-family: 'Bookman Old Style', serif; font-size: 10.5pt;">3. <b>Schedule </b><o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 1.0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-indent: -27.0pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="font-family: 'Bookman Old Style', serif; font-size: 10.5pt;">(a) Work Breakdown Structure <o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 1.0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-indent: -27.0pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="font-family: 'Bookman Old Style', serif; font-size: 10.5pt;">(b) Task Network Representation <o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 1.0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-indent: -27.0pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="font-family: 'Bookman Old Style', serif; font-size: 10.5pt;">(c) Gantt Chart Representation <o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 1.0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-indent: -27.0pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="font-family: 'Bookman Old Style', serif; font-size: 10.5pt;">(d) PERT Chart Representation <o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .75in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-indent: -.25in; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="font-family: 'Bookman Old Style', serif; font-size: 10.5pt;">4. <b>Project Resources </b><o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 1.0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-indent: -27.0pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="font-family: 'Bookman Old Style', serif; font-size: 10.5pt;">(a) People <o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 1.0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-indent: -27.0pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="font-family: 'Bookman Old Style', serif; font-size: 10.5pt;">(b) Hardware and Software <o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 1.0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-indent: -27.0pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="font-family: 'Bookman Old Style', serif; font-size: 10.5pt;">(c) Special Resources <o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .75in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-indent: -.25in; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="font-family: 'Bookman Old Style', serif; font-size: 10.5pt;">5. <b>Staff Organization </b><o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 1.0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-indent: -27.0pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="font-family: 'Bookman Old Style', serif; font-size: 10.5pt;">(a) Team Structure <o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 1.0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-indent: -27.0pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="font-family: 'Bookman Old Style', serif; font-size: 10.5pt;">(b) Management Reporting <o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .75in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-indent: -.25in; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="font-family: 'Bookman Old Style', serif; font-size: 10.5pt;">6. <b>Risk Management Plan </b><o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 1.0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-indent: -27.0pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="font-family: 'Bookman Old Style', serif; font-size: 10.5pt;">(a) Risk Analysis <o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 1.0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-indent: -27.0pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="font-family: 'Bookman Old Style', serif; font-size: 10.5pt;">(b) Risk Identification <o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 1.0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-indent: -27.0pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="font-family: 'Bookman Old Style', serif; font-size: 10.5pt;">(c) Risk Estimation <o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 1.0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-indent: -27.0pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="font-family: 'Bookman Old Style', serif; font-size: 10.5pt;">(d) Risk Abatement Procedures <o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .75in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-indent: -.25in; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="font-family: 'Bookman Old Style', serif; font-size: 10.5pt;">7. <b>Project Tracking and Control Plan </b><o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .75in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-indent: -.25in; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="font-family: 'Bookman Old Style', serif; font-size: 10.5pt;">8. <b>Miscellaneous Plans </b><o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 1.0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-indent: -27.0pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="font-family: 'Bookman Old Style', serif; font-size: 10.5pt;">(a) Process Tailoring <o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 1.0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-indent: -27.0pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="font-family: 'Bookman Old Style', serif; font-size: 10.5pt;">(b) Quality Assurance Plan <o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 1.0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-indent: -27.0pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="font-family: 'Bookman Old Style', serif; font-size: 10.5pt;">(c) Configuration Management Plan <o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 1.0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-indent: -27.0pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="font-family: 'Bookman Old Style', serif; font-size: 10.5pt;">(d) Validation and Verification <o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 1.0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-indent: -27.0pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="font-family: 'Bookman Old Style', serif; font-size: 10.5pt;">(e) System Testing Plan <o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 1.0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-indent: -27.0pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="font-family: 'Bookman Old Style', serif; font-size: 10.5pt;">(f) Delivery, Installation, and Maintenance Plan <o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 1.0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-indent: -27.0pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 9.0pt; mso-list: l39 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: -9.0pt 0in list 9.0pt .25in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><b><span style="font-family: "Bookman Old Style","serif"; font-size: 10.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Bookman Old Style"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Bookman Old Style";">29.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></b><!--[endif]--><b><span style="font-family: "Bookman Old Style","serif"; font-size: 10.5pt;"> Q: What is Sliding Window Planning?<o:p></o:p></span></b></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: -27.0pt; tab-stops: -9.0pt 0in;"><b><span style="font-family: "Bookman Old Style","serif"; font-size: 10.5pt;"> Answer:<o:p></o:p></span></b></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: -9.0pt; tab-stops: -9.0pt 0in; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="font-family: "Bookman Old Style","serif"; font-size: 10.5pt;">Especially for large projects, it is difficult to make accurate plans. A part of this difficulty is due to the fact that the project parameters, scope of the project, project staff, etc. may change during the span of the project. In order to overcome this problem, sometimes project managers undertake project planning in stages. Planning a project over a number of stages protects managers from making big commitments too early. This technique of staggered planning is known as Sliding Window Planning. In Sliding Window Planning, starting with an initial plan, the project is planned more accurately in successive development stages. At the start of a project, project managers have incomplete knowledge about the details of the project. Their information base gradually improves as the project progresses through different phases. After the completion of every phase, the project managers can plan each subsequent phase more accurately and with increasing levels of confidence.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: -9.0pt; tab-stops: -9.0pt 0in; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 9.0pt; mso-list: l39 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: -9.0pt 0in list 9.0pt .25in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><b><span style="font-family: "Bookman Old Style","serif"; font-size: 10.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Bookman Old Style"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Bookman Old Style";">30.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></b><!--[endif]--><b><span style="font-family: "Bookman Old Style","serif"; font-size: 10.5pt;"> Q: What are the different Metrics available for Project size estimation?<o:p></o:p></span></b></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: -27.0pt; tab-stops: -9.0pt 0in;"><b><span style="font-family: "Bookman Old Style","serif"; font-size: 10.5pt;"> Answer:<o:p></o:p></span></b></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: -9.0pt; tab-stops: -9.0pt 0in; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="font-family: 'Bookman Old Style', serif; font-size: 10.5pt;">Accurate estimation of the problem size is fundamental to satisfactory estimation of effort, time duration and cost of a software project. In order to be able to accurately estimate the project size, some important metrics should be defined in terms of which the project size can be expressed. The size of a problem is obviously not the number of bytes that the source code occupies. It is neither the byte size of the executable code. The project size is a measure of the problem complexity in terms of the effort and time required to develop the product. </span><b><span style="font-family: "Bookman Old Style","serif"; font-size: 10.5pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></b></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: -9.0pt; tab-stops: -9.0pt 0in; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="font-family: 'Bookman Old Style', serif; font-size: 10.5pt;">Currently two metrics are popularly being used widely to estimate size: <o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 27.0pt; mso-list: l34 level1 lfo20; tab-stops: -9.0pt 0in list 27.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 10.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: 'Bookman Old Style', serif; font-size: 10.5pt;">Lines of code (LOC) </span><span style="font-family: "Bookman Old Style","serif"; font-size: 10.5pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 27.0pt; mso-list: l34 level1 lfo20; tab-stops: -9.0pt 0in list 27.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 10.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: 'Bookman Old Style', serif; font-size: 10.5pt;">Function point (FP). </span><span style="font-family: "Bookman Old Style","serif"; font-size: 10.5pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="tab-stops: -9.0pt 0in; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="font-family: 'Bookman Old Style', serif; font-size: 10.5pt;">The usage of each of these metrics in project size estimation has its own advantages and disadvantages.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: -9.0pt; tab-stops: -9.0pt 0in; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 9.0pt; mso-list: l39 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: -9.0pt 0in list 9.0pt .25in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><b><span style="font-family: "Bookman Old Style","serif"; font-size: 10.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Bookman Old Style"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Bookman Old Style";">31.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></b><!--[endif]--><b><span style="font-family: "Bookman Old Style","serif"; font-size: 10.5pt;"> Q: What is LOC? What are its advantages and disadvantages? [B.E. 2005]<o:p></o:p></span></b></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: -27.0pt; tab-stops: -9.0pt 0in;"><b><span style="font-family: "Bookman Old Style","serif"; font-size: 10.5pt;"> Answer:<o:p></o:p></span></b></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="font-family: 'Bookman Old Style', serif; font-size: 10.5pt;">LOC (Lines of Codes) is the simplest among all metrics available to estimate project size. This metric is very popular because it is the simplest to use. Using this metric, the project size is estimated by counting the number of source instructions in the developed program. Obviously, while counting the number of source instructions, lines used for commenting the code and the header lines should be ignored. <o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="tab-stops: -9.0pt 0in; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="font-family: 'Bookman Old Style', serif; font-size: 10.5pt;">Determining the LOC count at the end of a project is a very simple job. However, accurate estimation of the LOC count at the beginning of a project is very difficult. In order to estimate the LOC count at the beginning of a project, project managers usually divide the problem into modules and each module into sub modules and so on, until the sizes of the different leaf-level modules can be approximately predicted. To be able to do this, past experience in developing similar products is helpful. By using the estimation of the lowest level modules, project managers arrive at the total size estimation. So, we can mention shortcoming of LOC as:<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 6.0pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><b><i><span style="font-family: 'Bookman Old Style', serif; font-size: 10.5pt;">LOC as a measure of problem size has several shortcomings: <o:p></o:p></span></i></b></div><ul style="margin-top: 0in;" type="disc"><li class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><i><span style="font-family: "Bookman Old Style","serif"; font-size: 10.5pt;">LOC gives a numerical value of problem size that can vary widely with individual coding style</span></i><span style="font-family: "Bookman Old Style","serif"; font-size: 10.5pt;"> – different programmers lay out their code in different ways. For example, one programmer might write several source instructions on a single line whereas another might split a single instruction across several lines. Of course, this problem can be easily overcome by counting the language tokens in the program rather than the lines of code. However, a more intricate problem arises because the length of a program depends on the choice of instructions used in writing the program. Therefore, even for the same problem, different programmers might come up with programs having different LOC counts. This situation does not improve even if language tokens are counted instead of lines of code. <o:p></o:p></span></li>
</ul><div class="MsoNormal"><br />
</div><ul style="margin-top: 0in;" type="disc"><li class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><i><span style="font-family: "Bookman Old Style","serif"; font-size: 10.5pt;">A good problem size measure should consider the overall complexity of the problem and the effort needed to solve it.</span></i><span style="font-family: "Bookman Old Style","serif"; font-size: 10.5pt;"> That is, it should consider the local effort needed to specify, design, code, test, etc. and not just the coding effort. LOC, however, focuses on the coding activity alone; it merely computes the number of source lines in the final program. We have already seen that coding is only a small part of the overall software development activities. It is also wrong to argue that the overall product development effort is proportional to the effort required in writing the program code. This is because even though the design might be very complex, the code might be straightforward and vice versa. In such cases, code size is a grossly improper indicator of the problem size. <o:p></o:p></span></li>
</ul><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .25in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><br />
</div><ul style="margin-top: 0in;" type="disc"><li class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><i><span style="font-family: "Bookman Old Style","serif"; font-size: 10.5pt;">LOC measure correlates poorly with the quality and efficiency of the code. Larger code size does not necessarily imply better quality or higher efficiency.</span></i><span style="font-family: "Bookman Old Style","serif"; font-size: 10.5pt;"> Some programmers produce lengthy and complicated code as they do not make effective use of the available instruction set. In fact, it is very likely that a poor and sloppily written piece of code might have larger number of source instructions than a piece that is neat and efficient. <o:p></o:p></span></li>
</ul><div class="MsoNormal" style="mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><br />
</div><ul style="margin-top: 0in;" type="disc"><li class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><i><span style="font-family: "Bookman Old Style","serif"; font-size: 10.5pt;">LOC metric penalizes use of higher-level programming languages, code reuse, etc.</span></i><span style="font-family: "Bookman Old Style","serif"; font-size: 10.5pt;"> The paradox is that if a programmer consciously uses several library routines, then the LOC count will be lower. This would show up as smaller program size. Thus, if managers use the LOC count as a measure of the effort put in the different engineers (that is, productivity), they would be discouraging code reuse by engineers. <o:p></o:p></span></li>
</ul><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .25in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><br />
</div><ul style="margin-top: 0in;" type="disc"><li class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><i><span style="font-family: "Bookman Old Style","serif"; font-size: 10.5pt;">LOC metric measures the lexical complexity of a program and does not address the more important but subtle issues of logical or structural complexities.</span></i><span style="font-family: "Bookman Old Style","serif"; font-size: 10.5pt;"> Between two programs with equal LOC count, a program having complex logic would require much more effort to develop than a program with very simple logic. To realize why this is so, consider the effort required to develop a program having multiple nested loop and decision constructs with another program having only sequential control flow. <o:p></o:p></span></li>
</ul><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .25in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><br />
</div><ul style="margin-top: 0in;" type="disc"><li class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><i><span style="font-family: "Bookman Old Style","serif"; font-size: 10.5pt;">It is very difficult to accurately estimate LOC in the final product from the problem specification.</span></i><span style="font-family: "Bookman Old Style","serif"; font-size: 10.5pt;"> The LOC count can be accurately computed only after the code has been fully developed. Therefore, the LOC metric is little use to the project managers during project planning, since project planning is carried out even before any development activity has started. This possibly is the biggest shortcoming of the LOC metric from the project manager’s perspective. <o:p></o:p></span></li>
</ul><div class="MsoNormal" style="mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 9.0pt; mso-list: l39 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: -9.0pt 0in list 9.0pt .25in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><b><span style="font-family: "Bookman Old Style","serif"; font-size: 10.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Bookman Old Style"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Bookman Old Style";">32.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></b><!--[endif]--><b><span style="font-family: "Bookman Old Style","serif"; font-size: 10.5pt;"> Q: What is Function point? What are its advantages and disadvantages?<o:p></o:p></span></b></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: -27.0pt; tab-stops: -9.0pt 0in;"><b><span style="font-family: "Bookman Old Style","serif"; font-size: 10.5pt;"> Answer:<o:p></o:p></span></b></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><b><span style="font-family: 'Bookman Old Style', serif; font-size: 10.5pt;">Function point (FP) </span></b><span style="font-family: 'Bookman Old Style', serif; font-size: 10.5pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="font-family: 'Bookman Old Style', serif; font-size: 10.5pt;">Function point metric was proposed by Albrecht [1983]. This metric overcomes many of the shortcomings of the LOC metric. Since its inception in late 1970s, function point metric has been slowly gaining popularity. <b><i>One of the important advantages of using the function point metric is that it can be used to easily estimate the size of a software product directly from the problem specification</i></b>. This is in contrast to the LOC metric, where the size can be accurately determined only after the product has fully been developed.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="font-family: 'Bookman Old Style', serif; font-size: 10.5pt;">The conceptual idea behind the function point metric is that the size of a software product is directly dependent on the number of different functions or features it supports. <o:p></o:p></span></div><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: center; text-autospace: none;"><span style="font-family: 'Bookman Old Style', serif; font-size: 10.5pt;"><!--[if gte vml 1]><v:shape id="_x0000_i1036" type="#_x0000_t75"
style='width:188.25pt;height:120.75pt'> <v:imagedata src="file:///C:\DOCUME~1\manikant\LOCALS~1\Temp\msohtmlclip1\01\clip_image021.png"
o:title=""/> </v:shape><![endif]--><!--[if !vml]--><img height="161" src="file:///C:/DOCUME~1/manikant/LOCALS~1/Temp/msohtmlclip1/01/clip_image022.jpg" v:shapes="_x0000_i1036" width="251" /><!--[endif]--><o:p></o:p></span></div><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: center; text-autospace: none;"><b><span style="font-family: 'Bookman Old Style', serif; font-size: 10.5pt;">Fig. 3.2: </span></b><span style="font-family: 'Bookman Old Style', serif; font-size: 10.5pt;">System function as a map of input data to output data<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="font-family: 'Bookman Old Style', serif; font-size: 10.5pt;">A software product supporting many features would certainly be of larger size than a product with less number of features. Each function when invoked reads some input data and transforms it to the corresponding output data. For example, the issue book feature (as shown in fig. 3.2) of a Library Automation Software takes the name of the book as input and displays its location and the number of copies available. Thus, a computation of the number of input and the output data values to a system gives some indication of the number of functions supported by the system. Albrecht postulated that in addition to the number of basic functions that software performs, the size is also dependent on the number of files and the number of interfaces. <o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="font-family: 'Bookman Old Style', serif; font-size: 10.5pt;">Besides using the number of input and output data values, function point metric computes the size of a software product (in units of functions points or FPs) using three other characteristics of the product as shown in the following expression. The size of a product in function points (FP) can be expressed as the weighted sum of these five problem characteristics. The weights associated with the five characteristics were proposed empirically and validated by the observations over many projects. Function point is computed in two steps. The first step is to compute the unadjusted function point (UFP). <o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-top: 3.0pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><b><span style="font-family: 'Bookman Old Style', serif; font-size: 10.5pt;">UFP = (<u>Number of inputs</u>)*4 + (<u>Number of outputs</u>)*5 + (<u>Number of inquiries</u>)*4 + (<u>Number of files</u>)*10 + (<u>Number of interfaces</u>)*7 </span></b><span style="font-family: 'Bookman Old Style', serif; font-size: 10.5pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><b><span style="font-family: 'Bookman Old Style', serif; font-size: 10.5pt;">Number of inputs: </span></b><span style="font-family: 'Bookman Old Style', serif; font-size: 10.5pt;">Each data item input by the user is counted. Data inputs should be distinguished from user inquiries. Inquiries are user commands such as print-account-balance. Inquiries are counted separately. It must be noted that individual data items input by the user are not considered in the calculation of the number of inputs, but a group of related inputs are considered as a single input.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="font-family: 'Bookman Old Style', serif; font-size: 10.5pt;">For example, while entering the data concerning employee to employee pay roll software; the data items name, age, sex, address, phone number, etc. are together considered as a single input. All these data items can be considered to be related, since they pertain to a single employee. <o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><b><span style="font-family: 'Bookman Old Style', serif; font-size: 10.5pt;">Number of outputs: </span></b><span style="font-family: 'Bookman Old Style', serif; font-size: 10.5pt;">The outputs considered refer to reports printed, screen outputs, error messages produced, etc. While outputting the number of outputs the individual data items within a report are not considered, but a set of related data items is counted as one input. <o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><b><span style="font-family: 'Bookman Old Style', serif; font-size: 10.5pt;">Number of inquiries: </span></b><span style="font-family: 'Bookman Old Style', serif; font-size: 10.5pt;">Number of inquiries is the number of distinct interactive queries which can be made by the users. These inquiries are the user commands which require specific action by the system. <o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><b><span style="font-family: 'Bookman Old Style', serif; font-size: 10.5pt;">Number of files: </span></b><span style="font-family: 'Bookman Old Style', serif; font-size: 10.5pt;">Each logical file is counted. A logical file means groups of logically related data. Thus, logical files can be data structures or physical files. <o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><b><span style="font-family: 'Bookman Old Style', serif; font-size: 10.5pt;">Number of interfaces: </span></b><span style="font-family: 'Bookman Old Style', serif; font-size: 10.5pt;">Here the interfaces considered are the interfaces used to exchange information with other systems. Examples of such interfaces are data files on tapes, disks, communication links with other systems etc. <o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="font-family: 'Bookman Old Style', serif; font-size: 10.5pt;">Once the unadjusted function point (UFP) is computed, the technical complexity factor (TCF) is computed next. TCF refines the UFP measure by considering fourteen other factors such as high transaction rates, throughput, and response time requirements, etc. Each of these 14 factors is assigned from 0 (not present or no influence) to 5 (strong influence/ Essential). The resulting numbers are summed, yielding the total degree of influence (DI). Now, TCF is computed as (0.65+0.01*DI). As DI can vary from 0 to 70, TCF can vary from 0.65 to 1.35. Finally, FP=UFP*TCF.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="tab-stops: -9.0pt 0in; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="tab-stops: -9.0pt 0in; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><b><i><span style="font-family: "Bookman Old Style","serif"; font-size: 10.5pt;">Advantages:<o:p></o:p></span></i></b></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .5in; mso-list: l24 level1 lfo23; tab-stops: -9.0pt 0in list .5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 10.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-style: italic; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: "Bookman Old Style","serif"; font-size: 10.5pt;">This approach is independent of the language, tools or methodologies used for implementations<b><i><o:p></o:p></i></b></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .5in; mso-list: l24 level1 lfo23; tab-stops: -9.0pt 0in list .5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 10.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-style: italic; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: "Bookman Old Style","serif"; font-size: 10.5pt;">Function points can be estimated from requirement specification or design specification, thus making it possible to estimate development effort in early phases of development.<b><i><o:p></o:p></i></b></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .5in; mso-list: l24 level1 lfo23; tab-stops: -9.0pt 0in list .5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 10.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-style: italic; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: "Bookman Old Style","serif"; font-size: 10.5pt;">Function points are directly linked to the statement of requirements.<b><i><o:p></o:p></i></b></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="tab-stops: -9.0pt 0in; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="tab-stops: -9.0pt 0in; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><b><i><span style="font-family: "Bookman Old Style","serif"; font-size: 10.5pt;">Disadvantages:<o:p></o:p></span></i></b></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="font-family: 'Bookman Old Style', serif; font-size: 10.5pt;">A major shortcoming of the function point measure is that it does not take into account the algorithmic complexity of software. That is, the function point metric implicitly assumes that the effort required to design and develop any two functionalities of the system is the same. But, we know that this is normally not true, the effort required to develop any two functionalities may vary widely. It only takes the number of functions that the system supports into consideration without distinguishing the difficulty level of developing the various functionalities. To overcome this problem, an extension of the function point metric called feature point metric is proposed.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 9.0pt; mso-list: l39 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: -9.0pt 0in list 9.0pt .25in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><b><span style="font-family: "Bookman Old Style","serif"; font-size: 10.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Bookman Old Style"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Bookman Old Style";">33.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></b><!--[endif]--><b><span style="font-family: "Bookman Old Style","serif"; font-size: 10.5pt;">Q: What is Feature point metric? What are its advantages and disadvantages?<o:p></o:p></span></b></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: -27.0pt; tab-stops: -9.0pt 0in;"><b><span style="font-family: "Bookman Old Style","serif"; font-size: 10.5pt;"> Answer:<o:p></o:p></span></b></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="tab-stops: -9.0pt 0in; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><b><span style="font-family: 'Bookman Old Style', serif; font-size: 10.5pt;">Feature point metric</span></b><span style="font-family: 'Bookman Old Style', serif; font-size: 10.5pt;"> <o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="font-family: 'Bookman Old Style', serif; font-size: 10.5pt;">A major shortcoming of the function point measure is that it does not take into account the algorithmic complexity of software. But, we know that this is normally not true, the effort required to develop any two functionalities may vary widely. It only takes the number of functions that the system supports into consideration without distinguishing the difficulty level of developing the various functionalities. To overcome this problem, an extension of the function point metric called feature point metric is proposed. <o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="font-family: 'Bookman Old Style', serif; font-size: 10.5pt;">Feature point metric incorporates an extra parameter algorithm complexity. This parameter ensures that the computed size using the feature point metric reflects the fact that the more is the complexity of a function, the greater is the effort required to develop it and therefore its size should be larger compared to simpler functions. <o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 9.0pt; mso-list: l39 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: -9.0pt 0in list 9.0pt .25in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><b><span style="font-family: "Bookman Old Style","serif"; font-size: 10.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Bookman Old Style"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Bookman Old Style";">34.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></b><!--[endif]--><b><span style="font-family: "Bookman Old Style","serif"; font-size: 10.5pt;"> Q: What is the LOC for the given program?<o:p></o:p></span></b></div><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: -27.0pt; tab-stops: -9.0pt 0in; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: 'Bookman Old Style', serif; font-size: 10.5pt;"><!--[if gte vml 1]><v:shape id="_x0000_i1037" type="#_x0000_t75"
style='width:364.5pt;height:225pt'> <v:imagedata src="file:///C:\DOCUME~1\manikant\LOCALS~1\Temp\msohtmlclip1\01\clip_image023.png"
o:title=""/> </v:shape><![endif]--><!--[if !vml]--><img height="300" src="file:///C:/DOCUME~1/manikant/LOCALS~1/Temp/msohtmlclip1/01/clip_image024.jpg" v:shapes="_x0000_i1037" width="486" /><!--[endif]--></span><b><span style="font-family: "Bookman Old Style","serif"; font-size: 10.5pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></b></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: -27.0pt; tab-stops: -9.0pt 0in;"><b><span style="font-family: "Bookman Old Style","serif"; font-size: 10.5pt;"> Answer:<o:p></o:p></span></b></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="font-family: 'Bookman Old Style', serif; font-size: 10.5pt;">The above program contains 18 lines of Code and one of which is a comment line. So, LOC for the above given program is 17. i.e. 17 LOC.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 9.0pt; mso-list: l39 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: -9.0pt 0in list 9.0pt .25in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><b><span style="font-family: "Bookman Old Style","serif"; font-size: 10.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Bookman Old Style"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Bookman Old Style";">35.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></b><!--[endif]--><b><span style="font-family: "Bookman Old Style","serif"; font-size: 10.5pt;"> Q: Consider a project with the following functional units:<o:p></o:p></span></b></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: -27.0pt; tab-stops: -9.0pt 0in; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><b><span style="font-family: "Bookman Old Style","serif"; font-size: 10.5pt;"> Number of user inputs =50<o:p></o:p></span></b></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: -27.0pt; tab-stops: -9.0pt 0in; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><b><span style="font-family: "Bookman Old Style","serif"; font-size: 10.5pt;"> Number of user outputs =40<o:p></o:p></span></b></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: -27.0pt; tab-stops: -9.0pt 0in; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><b><span style="font-family: "Bookman Old Style","serif"; font-size: 10.5pt;"> Number of user enquires =35<o:p></o:p></span></b></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: -27.0pt; tab-stops: -9.0pt 0in; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><b><span style="font-family: "Bookman Old Style","serif"; font-size: 10.5pt;"> Number of user files =06<o:p></o:p></span></b></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: -27.0pt; tab-stops: -9.0pt 0in; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><b><span style="font-family: "Bookman Old Style","serif"; font-size: 10.5pt;"> Number of external interfaces =04<o:p></o:p></span></b></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: -9.0pt; tab-stops: -9.0pt 0in; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: -9.0pt; tab-stops: -9.0pt 0in; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><b><span style="font-family: "Bookman Old Style","serif"; font-size: 10.5pt;">Assume all complexity adjustment factors and weighting factors are average. Compute the function point for the project.<o:p></o:p></span></b></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: -27.0pt; tab-stops: -9.0pt 0in;"><b><span style="font-family: "Bookman Old Style","serif"; font-size: 10.5pt;"> <o:p></o:p></span></b></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: -27.0pt; tab-stops: -9.0pt 0in;"><b><span style="font-family: "Bookman Old Style","serif"; font-size: 10.5pt;"> Answer:<o:p></o:p></span></b></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="font-family: 'Bookman Old Style', serif; font-size: 10.5pt;"> We know:<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="font-family: 'Bookman Old Style', serif; font-size: 10.5pt;"> UFP = 50 x 4 + 40 x 5 + 35 x 4 +06 x 10 +04 x 7= 628<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"> <span style="font-family: 'Bookman Old Style', serif; font-size: 10.5pt;">TCF = ( 0.65 + 0.01(14 x 3) ) = 1.07<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="font-family: 'Bookman Old Style', serif; font-size: 10.5pt;"> FP= UFP x TCF = 628 x 1.07 = 672 <o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 9.0pt; mso-list: l39 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: -9.0pt 0in list 9.0pt .25in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><b><span style="font-family: "Bookman Old Style","serif"; font-size: 10.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Bookman Old Style"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Bookman Old Style";">36.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></b><!--[endif]--><b><span style="font-family: "Bookman Old Style","serif"; font-size: 10.5pt;">Q: What are the different functional units used in Function Point Estimation?<o:p></o:p></span></b></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: -9.0pt; tab-stops: -9.0pt 0in; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><b><span style="font-family: "Bookman Old Style","serif"; font-size: 10.5pt;">Answer:<o:p></o:p></span></b></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: -9.0pt; tab-stops: -9.0pt 0in; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="font-family: 'Bookman Old Style', serif; font-size: 10.5pt;">The functional units used in FP estimation are classified as Low, Average and High based on the complexity of the software product. The weighting factors are:<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: -9.0pt; tab-stops: -9.0pt 0in; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><br />
</div><div align="center"> <table border="1" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="MsoNormalTable" style="border-collapse: collapse; border: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-insideh: .5pt solid windowtext; mso-border-insidev: .5pt solid windowtext; mso-padding-alt: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; mso-yfti-tbllook: 480;"><tbody>
<tr> <td rowspan="2" style="border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 2.45in;" valign="top" width="235"> <div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="tab-stops: -9.0pt 0in; text-align: center;"><br />
</div><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="tab-stops: -9.0pt 0in; text-align: center;"><b><span style="font-family: "Bookman Old Style","serif"; font-size: 10.5pt;">Functional Units<o:p></o:p></span></b></div></td> <td colspan="3" style="border-left: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 152.45pt;" valign="top" width="203"> <div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="tab-stops: -9.0pt 0in; text-align: center;"><b><span style="font-family: "Bookman Old Style","serif"; font-size: 10.5pt;">Weighting Factors<o:p></o:p></span></b></div></td> </tr>
<tr> <td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 49.5pt;" valign="top" width="66"> <div class="MsoNormal" style="tab-stops: -9.0pt 0in; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><b><span style="font-family: "Bookman Old Style","serif"; font-size: 10.5pt;">Low<o:p></o:p></span></b></div></td> <td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 60.2pt;" valign="top" width="80"> <div class="MsoNormal" style="tab-stops: -9.0pt 0in; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><b><span style="font-family: "Bookman Old Style","serif"; font-size: 10.5pt;">Average<o:p></o:p></span></b></div></td> <td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 42.75pt;" valign="top" width="57"> <div class="MsoNormal" style="tab-stops: -9.0pt 0in; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><b><span style="font-family: "Bookman Old Style","serif"; font-size: 10.5pt;">High<o:p></o:p></span></b></div></td> </tr>
<tr> <td style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 2.45in;" valign="top" width="235"> <div class="MsoNormal" style="tab-stops: -9.0pt 0in; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><b><span style="font-family: "Bookman Old Style","serif"; font-size: 10.5pt;">Inputs(I)<o:p></o:p></span></b></div></td> <td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 49.5pt;" valign="top" width="66"> <div class="MsoNormal" style="tab-stops: -9.0pt 0in; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><b><span style="font-family: "Bookman Old Style","serif"; font-size: 10.5pt;">3<o:p></o:p></span></b></div></td> <td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 60.2pt;" valign="top" width="80"> <div class="MsoNormal" style="tab-stops: -9.0pt 0in; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><b><span style="font-family: "Bookman Old Style","serif"; font-size: 10.5pt;">4<o:p></o:p></span></b></div></td> <td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 42.75pt;" valign="top" width="57"> <div class="MsoNormal" style="tab-stops: -9.0pt 0in; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><b><span style="font-family: "Bookman Old Style","serif"; font-size: 10.5pt;">6<o:p></o:p></span></b></div></td> </tr>
<tr> <td style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 2.45in;" valign="top" width="235"> <div class="MsoNormal" style="tab-stops: -9.0pt 0in; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><b><span style="font-family: "Bookman Old Style","serif"; font-size: 10.5pt;">Outputs(O)<o:p></o:p></span></b></div></td> <td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 49.5pt;" valign="top" width="66"> <div class="MsoNormal" style="tab-stops: -9.0pt 0in; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><b><span style="font-family: "Bookman Old Style","serif"; font-size: 10.5pt;">4<o:p></o:p></span></b></div></td> <td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 60.2pt;" valign="top" width="80"> <div class="MsoNormal" style="tab-stops: -9.0pt 0in; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><b><span style="font-family: "Bookman Old Style","serif"; font-size: 10.5pt;">5<o:p></o:p></span></b></div></td> <td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 42.75pt;" valign="top" width="57"> <div class="MsoNormal" style="tab-stops: -9.0pt 0in; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><b><span style="font-family: "Bookman Old Style","serif"; font-size: 10.5pt;">7<o:p></o:p></span></b></div></td> </tr>
<tr> <td style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 2.45in;" valign="top" width="235"> <div class="MsoNormal" style="tab-stops: -9.0pt 0in; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><b><span style="font-family: "Bookman Old Style","serif"; font-size: 10.5pt;">Inquiry(E)<o:p></o:p></span></b></div></td> <td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 49.5pt;" valign="top" width="66"> <div class="MsoNormal" style="tab-stops: -9.0pt 0in; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><b><span style="font-family: "Bookman Old Style","serif"; font-size: 10.5pt;">3<o:p></o:p></span></b></div></td> <td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 60.2pt;" valign="top" width="80"> <div class="MsoNormal" style="tab-stops: -9.0pt 0in; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><b><span style="font-family: "Bookman Old Style","serif"; font-size: 10.5pt;">4<o:p></o:p></span></b></div></td> <td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 42.75pt;" valign="top" width="57"> <div class="MsoNormal" style="tab-stops: -9.0pt 0in; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><b><span style="font-family: "Bookman Old Style","serif"; font-size: 10.5pt;">6<o:p></o:p></span></b></div></td> </tr>
<tr> <td style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 2.45in;" valign="top" width="235"> <div class="MsoNormal" style="tab-stops: -9.0pt 0in; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><b><span style="font-family: "Bookman Old Style","serif"; font-size: 10.5pt;">Number of files(F)<o:p></o:p></span></b></div></td> <td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 49.5pt;" valign="top" width="66"> <div class="MsoNormal" style="tab-stops: -9.0pt 0in; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><b><span style="font-family: "Bookman Old Style","serif"; font-size: 10.5pt;">7<o:p></o:p></span></b></div></td> <td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 60.2pt;" valign="top" width="80"> <div class="MsoNormal" style="tab-stops: -9.0pt 0in; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><b><span style="font-family: "Bookman Old Style","serif"; font-size: 10.5pt;">10<o:p></o:p></span></b></div></td> <td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 42.75pt;" valign="top" width="57"> <div class="MsoNormal" style="tab-stops: -9.0pt 0in; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><b><span style="font-family: "Bookman Old Style","serif"; font-size: 10.5pt;">15<o:p></o:p></span></b></div></td> </tr>
<tr> <td style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 2.45in;" valign="top" width="235"> <div class="MsoNormal" style="tab-stops: -9.0pt 0in; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><b><span style="font-family: "Bookman Old Style","serif"; font-size: 10.5pt;">Number of interfaces(IF)<o:p></o:p></span></b></div></td> <td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 49.5pt;" valign="top" width="66"> <div class="MsoNormal" style="tab-stops: -9.0pt 0in; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><b><span style="font-family: "Bookman Old Style","serif"; font-size: 10.5pt;">5<o:p></o:p></span></b></div></td> <td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 60.2pt;" valign="top" width="80"> <div class="MsoNormal" style="tab-stops: -9.0pt 0in; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><b><span style="font-family: "Bookman Old Style","serif"; font-size: 10.5pt;">7<o:p></o:p></span></b></div></td> <td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 42.75pt;" valign="top" width="57"> <div class="MsoNormal" style="tab-stops: -9.0pt 0in; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><b><span style="font-family: "Bookman Old Style","serif"; font-size: 10.5pt;">10<o:p></o:p></span></b></div></td> </tr>
</tbody></table></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: -9.0pt; tab-stops: -9.0pt 0in; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: -9.0pt; tab-stops: -9.0pt 0in; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="font-family: "Bookman Old Style","serif"; font-size: 10.5pt;">The 14 TCF factors used in FP estimation are classified in a rating from 0 to 5.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: -9.0pt; tab-stops: -9.0pt 0in; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="font-family: "Bookman Old Style","serif"; font-size: 10.5pt;">They are<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 27.0pt; mso-list: l25 level1 lfo24; tab-stops: -9.0pt 0in list 27.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 10.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: "Bookman Old Style","serif"; font-size: 10.5pt;">0 ( no influence)<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 27.0pt; mso-list: l25 level1 lfo24; tab-stops: -9.0pt 0in list 27.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 10.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: "Bookman Old Style","serif"; font-size: 10.5pt;">1 ( Incidental)<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 27.0pt; mso-list: l25 level1 lfo24; tab-stops: -9.0pt 0in list 27.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 10.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: "Bookman Old Style","serif"; font-size: 10.5pt;">2 ( Moderate)<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 27.0pt; mso-list: l25 level1 lfo24; tab-stops: -9.0pt 0in list 27.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 10.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: "Bookman Old Style","serif"; font-size: 10.5pt;">3 ( Average)<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 27.0pt; mso-list: l25 level1 lfo24; tab-stops: -9.0pt 0in list 27.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 10.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: "Bookman Old Style","serif"; font-size: 10.5pt;">4 ( Signification)<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 27.0pt; mso-list: l25 level1 lfo24; tab-stops: -9.0pt 0in list 27.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 10.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: "Bookman Old Style","serif"; font-size: 10.5pt;">5 ( Essential)<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 9.0pt; tab-stops: -9.0pt 0in; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 9.0pt; mso-list: l39 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: -9.0pt 0in list 9.0pt .25in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><b><span style="font-family: "Bookman Old Style","serif"; font-size: 10.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Bookman Old Style"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Bookman Old Style";">37.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></b><!--[endif]--><b><span style="font-family: "Bookman Old Style","serif"; font-size: 10.5pt;">Q: What are the different project estimation techniques?<o:p></o:p></span></b></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: -9.0pt; tab-stops: -9.0pt 0in; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><b><span style="font-family: "Bookman Old Style","serif"; font-size: 10.5pt;">Answer:<o:p></o:p></span></b></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: -9.0pt; tab-stops: -9.0pt 0in; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="font-family: 'Bookman Old Style', serif; font-size: 10.5pt;">Estimation of various project parameters is a basic project planning activity. The important project parameters that are estimated include: project size, effort required to develop the software, project duration, and cost. These estimates not only help in quoting the project cost to the customer, but are also useful in resource planning and scheduling. There are three broad categories of estimation techniques: </span><b><span style="font-family: "Bookman Old Style","serif"; font-size: 10.5pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></b></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 81.0pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 6.0pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-indent: -.25in; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="font-family: 'Bookman Old Style', serif; font-size: 10.5pt;">• Empirical estimation techniques <o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 81.0pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 6.0pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-indent: -.25in; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="font-family: 'Bookman Old Style', serif; font-size: 10.5pt;">• Heuristic techniques <o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 81.0pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 6.0pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-indent: -.25in; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="font-family: 'Bookman Old Style', serif; font-size: 10.5pt;">• Analytical estimation techniques <o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 9.0pt; mso-list: l39 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: -9.0pt 0in list 9.0pt .25in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><b><span style="font-family: "Bookman Old Style","serif"; font-size: 10.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Bookman Old Style"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Bookman Old Style";">38.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></b><!--[endif]--><b><span style="font-family: "Bookman Old Style","serif"; font-size: 10.5pt;">Q: What is an empirical estimation technique? What are different empirical estimation techniques?<o:p></o:p></span></b></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: -9.0pt; tab-stops: -9.0pt 0in; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><b><span style="font-family: "Bookman Old Style","serif"; font-size: 10.5pt;">Answer:<o:p></o:p></span></b></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: -9.0pt; tab-stops: -9.0pt 0in; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="font-family: 'Bookman Old Style', serif; font-size: 10.5pt;">Empirical estimation techniques are based on making an educated guess of the project parameters. While using this technique, prior experience with development of similar products is helpful. Although empirical estimation techniques are based on common sense, different activities involved in estimation have been formalized over the years. Two popular empirical estimation techniques are: <b><i>Expert judgment technique</i></b> and <st1:place w:st="on"><b><i>Delphi</i></b></st1:place><b><i> cost estimation. </i></b></span><b><i><span style="font-family: "Bookman Old Style","serif"; font-size: 10.5pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></i></b></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: -9.0pt; tab-stops: -9.0pt 0in; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: -9.0pt; tab-stops: -9.0pt 0in; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><b><span style="font-family: 'Bookman Old Style', serif; font-size: 10.5pt;">Expert Judgment Technique</span></b><b><span style="font-family: "Bookman Old Style","serif"; font-size: 10.5pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></b></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: -9.0pt; tab-stops: -9.0pt 0in; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="font-family: 'Bookman Old Style', serif; font-size: 10.5pt;">Expert judgment is one of the most widely used estimation techniques. In this approach, an expert makes an educated guess of the problem size after analyzing the problem thoroughly. Usually, the expert Estimates the cost of the different components (i.e. modules or subsystems) of the system and then combines them to arrive at the overall estimate. However, this technique is subject to human errors and individual bias. Also, it is possible that the expert may overlook some factors inadvertently. Further, an expert making an estimate may not have experience and knowledge of all aspects of a project. For example, he may be conversant with the database and user interface parts but may not be very knowledgeable about the computer communication part. A more refined form of expert judgment is the estimation made by group of experts. Estimation by a group of experts minimizes factors such as individual oversight, lack of familiarity with a particular aspect of a project, personal bias, and the desire to win contract through overly optimistic estimates. However, the estimate made by a group of experts may still exhibit bias on issues where the entire group of experts may be biased due to reasons such as political considerations. Also, the decision made by the group may be dominated by overly assertive members. <o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: -9.0pt; tab-stops: -9.0pt 0in; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: -9.0pt; tab-stops: -9.0pt 0in; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><st1:place w:st="on"><b><span style="font-family: 'Bookman Old Style', serif; font-size: 10.5pt;">Delphi</span></b></st1:place><b><span style="font-family: 'Bookman Old Style', serif; font-size: 10.5pt;"> cost estimation </span></b><span style="font-family: 'Bookman Old Style', serif; font-size: 10.5pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: -9.0pt; tab-stops: -9.0pt 0in; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><st1:place w:st="on"><span style="font-family: 'Bookman Old Style', serif; font-size: 10.5pt;">Delphi</span></st1:place><span style="font-family: 'Bookman Old Style', serif; font-size: 10.5pt;"> cost estimation approach tries to overcome some of the shortcomings of the expert judgment approach. <st1:place w:st="on">Delphi</st1:place> estimation is carried out by a team comprising of a group of experts and a coordinator. In this approach, the coordinator provides each estimator with a copy of the software requirements specification (SRS) document and a form for recording his cost estimate. Estimators complete their individual estimates anonymously and submit to the coordinator. In their estimates, the estimators mention any unusual characteristic of the product which has influenced his estimation. The coordinator prepares and distributes the summary of the responses of all the estimators, and includes any unusual rationale noted by any of the estimators. Based on this summary, the estimators re-estimate. This process is iterated for several rounds. However, no discussion among the estimators is allowed during the entire estimation process. The idea behind this is that if any discussion is allowed among the estimators, then many estimators may easily get influenced by the rationale of an estimator who may be more experienced or senior. After the completion of several iterations of estimations, the coordinator takes the responsibility of compiling the results and preparing the final estimate.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 9.0pt; mso-list: l39 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: -9.0pt 0in list 9.0pt .25in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><b><span style="font-family: "Bookman Old Style","serif"; font-size: 10.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Bookman Old Style"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Bookman Old Style";">39.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></b><!--[endif]--><b><span style="font-family: "Bookman Old Style","serif"; font-size: 10.5pt;">Q: What is a Heuristic</span></b><span style="font-family: 'Bookman Old Style', serif; font-size: 10.5pt;"> </span><b><span style="font-family: "Bookman Old Style","serif"; font-size: 10.5pt;">estimation technique? What are different Heuristic estimation techniques?<o:p></o:p></span></b></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: -9.0pt; tab-stops: -9.0pt 0in; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><b>Answer:<o:p></o:p></b></div><div class="Default" style="text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="font-family: "Bookman Old Style","serif"; font-size: 10.5pt;">Heuristic techniques assume that the relationships among the different project parameters can be modeled using suitable mathematical expressions. Once the basic (independent) parameters are known, the other (dependent) parameters can be easily determined by substituting the value of the basic parameters in the mathematical expression. Different heuristic estimation models can be divided into the following two classes: single variable model and the multi variable model. <o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="font-family: 'Bookman Old Style', serif; font-size: 10.5pt;">Single variable estimation models provide a means to estimate the desired characteristics of a problem, using some previously estimated basic (independent) characteristic of the software product such as its size. A single variable estimation model takes the following form: <o:p></o:p></span></div><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .5in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: center; text-autospace: none;"><span style="font-family: 'Bookman Old Style', serif; font-size: 10.5pt;">Estimated Parameter = <b>c<sub><span style="mso-text-raise: -5.0pt; position: relative; top: 5.0pt;">1 </span></sub>* e<sup><span style="mso-text-raise: 5.0pt; position: relative; top: -5.0pt;">d</span></sup><sub><span style="mso-text-raise: -5.0pt; position: relative; top: 5.0pt;">1</span></sub></b><o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="font-family: 'Bookman Old Style', serif; font-size: 10.5pt;">In the above expression, e is the characteristic of the software which has already been estimated (independent variable). <i>Estimated Parameter </i>is the dependent parameter to be estimated. The dependent parameter to be estimated could be effort, project duration, staff size, etc. c<sub><span style="mso-text-raise: -5.0pt; position: relative; top: 5.0pt;">1 </span></sub>and d<sub><span style="mso-text-raise: -5.0pt; position: relative; top: 5.0pt;">1 </span></sub>are constants. The values of the constants c<sub><span style="mso-text-raise: -5.0pt; position: relative; top: 5.0pt;">1 </span></sub>and d<sub><span style="mso-text-raise: -5.0pt; position: relative; top: 5.0pt;">1 </span></sub>are usually determined using data collected from past projects (historical data). The basic COCOMO model is an example of single variable cost estimation model. A multivariable cost estimation model takes the following form: <o:p></o:p></span></div><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .5in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: center; text-autospace: none;"><span style="font-family: 'Bookman Old Style', serif; font-size: 10.5pt;">Estimated Resource = <b>c<sub><span style="mso-text-raise: -7.0pt; position: relative; top: 7.0pt;">1</span></sub>*e<sub><span style="mso-text-raise: -7.0pt; position: relative; top: 7.0pt;">1</span></sub><sup><span style="mso-text-raise: 7.0pt; position: relative; top: -7.0pt;">d</span></sup><sub><span style="mso-text-raise: -7.0pt; position: relative; top: 7.0pt;">1 </span></sub>+ c<sub><span style="mso-text-raise: -7.0pt; position: relative; top: 7.0pt;">2</span></sub>*e<sub><span style="mso-text-raise: -7.0pt; position: relative; top: 7.0pt;">2</span></sub><sup><span style="mso-text-raise: 7.0pt; position: relative; top: -7.0pt;">d</span></sup><sub><span style="mso-text-raise: -7.0pt; position: relative; top: 7.0pt;">2 </span></sub>+ ...</b><o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="font-family: 'Bookman Old Style', serif; font-size: 10.5pt;">Where e<sub><span style="mso-text-raise: -5.0pt; position: relative; top: 5.0pt;">1</span></sub>, e<sub><span style="mso-text-raise: -5.0pt; position: relative; top: 5.0pt;">2</span></sub>, … are the basic (independent) characteristics of the software already estimated, and c<sub><span style="mso-text-raise: -5.0pt; position: relative; top: 5.0pt;">1</span></sub>, c<sub><span style="mso-text-raise: -5.0pt; position: relative; top: 5.0pt;">2</span></sub>, d<sub><span style="mso-text-raise: -5.0pt; position: relative; top: 5.0pt;">1</span></sub>, d<sub><span style="mso-text-raise: -5.0pt; position: relative; top: 5.0pt;">2</span></sub>, … are constants. Multivariable estimation models are expected to give more accurate estimates compared to the single variable models, since a project parameter is typically influenced by several independent parameters. The independent parameters influence the dependent parameter to different extents. This is modeled by the constants c<sub><span style="mso-text-raise: -5.0pt; position: relative; top: 5.0pt;">1</span></sub>, c<sub><span style="mso-text-raise: -5.0pt; position: relative; top: 5.0pt;">2</span></sub>, d<sub><span style="mso-text-raise: -5.0pt; position: relative; top: 5.0pt;">1</span></sub>, d<sub><span style="mso-text-raise: -5.0pt; position: relative; top: 5.0pt;">2</span></sub>, … . Values of these constants are usually determined from historical data. The intermediate COCOMO model can be considered to be an example of a multivariable estimation model. <o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 9.0pt; mso-list: l39 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: -9.0pt 0in list 9.0pt .25in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><b><span style="font-family: "Bookman Old Style","serif"; font-size: 10.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Bookman Old Style"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Bookman Old Style";">40.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></b><!--[endif]--><b><span style="font-family: "Bookman Old Style","serif"; font-size: 10.5pt;">Q: What is a Halstead Software Science? What are different estimation techniques?<o:p></o:p></span></b></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: -9.0pt; tab-stops: -9.0pt 0in; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><b>Answer:<o:p></o:p></b></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><b><span style="font-family: 'Bookman Old Style', serif; font-size: 10.5pt;">Halstead’s Software Science – An Analytical Technique <o:p></o:p></span></b></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="font-family: 'Bookman Old Style', serif; font-size: 10.5pt;">Halstead’s software science is an analytical technique to measure size, development effort, and development cost of software products. Halstead used a few primitive program parameters to develop the expressions for over all program length, potential minimum value, actual volume, effort, and development time. <o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .5in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="font-family: 'Bookman Old Style', serif; font-size: 10.5pt;">For a given program, let: <o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 1.0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-indent: -.25in; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="font-size: 10.5pt;"></span><span style="font-family: 'Bookman Old Style', serif; font-size: 10.5pt;"> η<sub><span style="mso-text-raise: -5.0pt; position: relative; top: 5.0pt;">1 </span></sub>be the number of unique operators used in the program, <o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 1.0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-indent: -.25in; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="font-size: 10.5pt;"></span><span style="font-family: 'Bookman Old Style', serif; font-size: 10.5pt;"> η<sub><span style="mso-text-raise: -5.0pt; position: relative; top: 5.0pt;">2 </span></sub>be the number of unique operands used in the program, <o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 1.0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-indent: -.25in; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="font-size: 10.5pt;"></span><span style="font-family: 'Bookman Old Style', serif; font-size: 10.5pt;"> N<sub><span style="mso-text-raise: -5.0pt; position: relative; top: 5.0pt;">1 </span></sub>be the total number of operators used in the program, <o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 1.0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-indent: -.25in; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="font-size: 10.5pt;"></span><span style="font-family: 'Bookman Old Style', serif; font-size: 10.5pt;"> N<sub><span style="mso-text-raise: -5.0pt; position: relative; top: 5.0pt;">2 </span></sub>be the total number of operands used in the program. <o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><b><span style="font-family: 'Bookman Old Style', serif; font-size: 10.5pt;">Length and Vocabulary </span></b><span style="font-family: 'Bookman Old Style', serif; font-size: 10.5pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="font-family: 'Bookman Old Style', serif; font-size: 10.5pt;">The length of a program as defined by Halstead, quantifies total usage of all operators and operands in the program. Thus, <b><i>program length</i></b> N = N<sub><span style="mso-text-raise: -5.0pt; position: relative; top: 5.0pt;">1 </span></sub>+N<sub><span style="mso-text-raise: -5.0pt; position: relative; top: 5.0pt;">2</span></sub>. The program vocabulary is the number of unique operators and operands used in the program. Thus, <b><i>program vocabulary</i></b><i> </i>η = η<sub><span style="mso-text-raise: -5.0pt; position: relative; top: 5.0pt;">1 </span></sub>+ η<sub><span style="mso-text-raise: -5.0pt; position: relative; top: 5.0pt;">2</span></sub>. <o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><b><span style="font-family: 'Bookman Old Style', serif; font-size: 10.5pt;">Program Volume </span></b><span style="font-family: 'Bookman Old Style', serif; font-size: 10.5pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="font-family: 'Bookman Old Style', serif; font-size: 10.5pt;">The length of a program (i.e. the total number of operators and operands used in the code) depends on the choice of the operators and operands used. Thus, while expressing program size, the programming language used must be taken into consideration: <o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .75in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="font-family: 'Bookman Old Style', serif; font-size: 10.5pt;">V = N*log<sub><span style="mso-text-raise: -5.0pt; position: relative; top: 5.0pt;">2</span></sub>η <o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="font-family: 'Bookman Old Style', serif; font-size: 10.5pt;">Here the program volume V is the minimum number of bits needed to encode the program. In fact, to represent η different identifiers uniquely, at least log<sub><span style="mso-text-raise: -5.0pt; position: relative; top: 5.0pt;">2</span></sub>η bits (where η is the program vocabulary) will be needed. In this scheme, Nlog<sub><span style="mso-text-raise: -5.0pt; position: relative; top: 5.0pt;">2</span></sub>η bits will be needed to store a program of length N. Therefore, the volume V represents the size of the program by approximately compensating for the effect of the programming language used.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><b><span style="font-family: 'Bookman Old Style', serif; font-size: 10.5pt;">Potential Minimum Volume </span></b><span style="font-family: 'Bookman Old Style', serif; font-size: 10.5pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="font-family: 'Bookman Old Style', serif; font-size: 10.5pt;">V* = (2 + η<sub><span style="mso-text-raise: -5.0pt; position: relative; top: 5.0pt;">2</span></sub>)log<sub><span style="mso-text-raise: -5.0pt; position: relative; top: 5.0pt;">2</span></sub>(2 + η<sub><span style="mso-text-raise: -5.0pt; position: relative; top: 5.0pt;">2</span></sub>). <o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="font-family: 'Bookman Old Style', serif; font-size: 10.5pt;">The <b><i>program level L</i></b> is given by L = V*/V. The concept of program level L is introduced in an attempt to measure the level of abstraction provided by the programming language. Using this definition, languages can be ranked into levels that also appear intuitively correct. <o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><b><span style="font-family: 'Bookman Old Style', serif; font-size: 10.5pt;">Effort and Time </span></b><span style="font-family: 'Bookman Old Style', serif; font-size: 10.5pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="font-family: 'Bookman Old Style', serif; font-size: 10.5pt;">The effort required to develop a program can be obtained by dividing the program volume with the level of the programming language used to develop the code. Thus, effort E = V/L, where E is the number of mental discriminations required to implement the program and also the effort required to read and understand the program. Thus, the programming effort E = V²/V* (since L = V*/V) varies as the square of the volume. Experience shows that E is well correlated to the effort needed for maintenance of an existing program. The programmer’s time T = E/S, where S the speed of mental discriminations. The value of S has been empirically developed from psychological reasoning, and its recommended value for programming applications is 18. <o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: -9.0pt; tab-stops: -9.0pt 0in; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 9.0pt; mso-list: l39 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: -9.0pt 0in list 9.0pt .25in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><b><span style="font-family: "Bookman Old Style","serif"; font-size: 10.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Bookman Old Style"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Bookman Old Style";">41.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></b><!--[endif]--><b><span style="font-family: "Bookman Old Style","serif"; font-size: 10.5pt;">Q: Let us consider the following C program.<o:p></o:p></span></b></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 1.25in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><b><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11.5pt;">main( ) </span></b><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11.5pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 1.25in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-indent: .25in; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><b><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11.5pt;">{ </span></b><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11.5pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 1.75in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-indent: .25in; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><b><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11.5pt;">int a, b, c, avg; </span></b><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11.5pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 1.5in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-indent: .5in; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><b><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11.5pt;">scanf(“%d %d %d”, &a, &b, &c); </span></b><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11.5pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 1.5in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-indent: .5in; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><b><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11.5pt;">avg = (a+b+c)/3; </span></b><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11.5pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 1.75in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-indent: .25in; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><b><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11.5pt;">printf(“avg = %d”, avg); </span></b><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11.5pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: -9.0pt; tab-stops: -9.0pt 0in; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><b><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11.5pt;"> }<o:p></o:p></span></b></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: -9.0pt; tab-stops: -9.0pt 0in; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: -9.0pt; tab-stops: -9.0pt 0in; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="font-family: "Bookman Old Style","serif"; font-size: 10.5pt;">Find out the estimated length, and program volume of the above given program.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: -9.0pt; tab-stops: -9.0pt 0in; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><b>Answer:<o:p></o:p></b></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .75in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="font-family: 'Bookman Old Style', serif; font-size: 11.5pt;">The unique operators are: <o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 1.25in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="font-family: 'Bookman Old Style', serif; font-size: 11.5pt;">main,(),{},int,scanf,&,“,”,“;”,=,+,/, printf <o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .75in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .75in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="font-family: 'Bookman Old Style', serif; font-size: 11.5pt;">The unique operands are: <o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 1.25in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="font-family: 'Bookman Old Style', serif; font-size: 11.5pt;">a, b, c, &a, &b, &c, a+b+c, avg, 3, <o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 1.25in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="font-family: 'Bookman Old Style', serif; font-size: 11.5pt;">“%d %d %d”, “avg = %d” <o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .75in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .75in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="font-family: 'Bookman Old Style', serif; font-size: 11.5pt;">Therefore, η<sub><span style="mso-text-raise: -5.0pt; position: relative; top: 5.0pt;">1 </span></sub>= 12, η<sub><span style="mso-text-raise: -5.0pt; position: relative; top: 5.0pt;">2 </span></sub>= 11 <o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .75in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="font-family: 'Bookman Old Style', serif; font-size: 11.5pt;">Estimated Length = (12*log12 + 11*log11) <o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .75in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="font-family: 'Bookman Old Style', serif; font-size: 11.5pt;">= (12*3.58 + 11*3.45) <o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .75in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="font-family: 'Bookman Old Style', serif; font-size: 11.5pt;">= (43+38) = 81 <o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .75in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="font-family: 'Bookman Old Style', serif; font-size: 11.5pt;">Volume = Length*log(23) = 81*4.52 = 366 <o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .75in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .75in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 9.0pt; mso-list: l39 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: -9.0pt 0in list 9.0pt .25in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><b><span style="font-family: "Bookman Old Style","serif"; font-size: 10.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Bookman Old Style"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Bookman Old Style";">42.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></b><!--[endif]--><b><span style="font-family: "Bookman Old Style","serif"; font-size: 10.5pt;">Q: What are the different classifications of Software development?<o:p></o:p></span></b></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: -9.0pt; tab-stops: -9.0pt 0in; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><b>Answer:<o:p></o:p></b></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: -9.0pt; tab-stops: -9.0pt 0in; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="font-family: "Bookman Old Style","serif"; font-size: 10.5pt;">Boehm postulated that any software development project can be classified into one of the following three categories based on the development complexity: organic, semidetached, and embedded. Boehm not only considered the characteristics of the product but also those of the development team and development environment. </span><span style="font-family: 'Bookman Old Style', serif; font-size: 10.5pt;">Boehm’s [1981] definition of organic, semidetached, and embedded systems are elaborated below. </span><span style="font-family: "Bookman Old Style","serif"; font-size: 10.5pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: -9.0pt; tab-stops: -9.0pt 0in; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><b><span style="font-family: 'Bookman Old Style', serif; font-size: 10.5pt;">Organic: </span></b><span style="font-family: 'Bookman Old Style', serif; font-size: 10.5pt;">A development project can be considered of organic type, if the project deals with developing a well understood application program, the size of the development team is reasonably small, and the team members are experienced in developing similar types of projects. </span><span style="font-family: "Bookman Old Style","serif"; font-size: 10.5pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: -9.0pt; tab-stops: -9.0pt 0in; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><b><span style="font-family: 'Bookman Old Style', serif; font-size: 10.5pt;">Semidetached: </span></b><span style="font-family: 'Bookman Old Style', serif; font-size: 10.5pt;">A development project can be considered of semidetached type, if the development consists of a mixture of experienced and inexperienced staff. Team members may have limited experience on related systems but may be unfamiliar with some aspects of the system being developed. </span><span style="font-family: "Bookman Old Style","serif"; font-size: 10.5pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: -9.0pt; tab-stops: -9.0pt 0in; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><b><span style="font-family: 'Bookman Old Style', serif; font-size: 10.5pt;">Embedded: </span></b><span style="font-family: 'Bookman Old Style', serif; font-size: 10.5pt;">A development project is considered to be of embedded type, if the software being developed is strongly coupled to complex hardware, or if the stringent regulations on the operational procedures exist. <o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: -9.0pt; tab-stops: -9.0pt 0in; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 9.0pt; mso-list: l39 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: -9.0pt 0in list 9.0pt .25in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><b><span style="font-family: "Bookman Old Style","serif"; font-size: 10.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Bookman Old Style"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Bookman Old Style";">43.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></b><!--[endif]--><b><span style="font-family: "Bookman Old Style","serif"; font-size: 10.5pt;">Q: What is COCOMO? What are different types of COCOMO model? State the Basic COCOMO model.<o:p></o:p></span></b></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: -9.0pt; tab-stops: -9.0pt 0in; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><b>Answer:<o:p></o:p></b></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: -9.0pt; tab-stops: -9.0pt 0in; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="font-family: 'Bookman Old Style', serif; font-size: 10.5pt;">COCOMO (Constructive Cost Estimation Model) was proposed by Boehm. <o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: -9.0pt; tab-stops: -9.0pt 0in; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="font-family: 'Bookman Old Style', serif; font-size: 10.5pt;">According to Boehm, software cost estimation should be done through three stages: Basic COCOMO, Intermediate COCOMO, and Complete COCOMO. <o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: -9.0pt; tab-stops: -9.0pt 0in; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: -9.0pt; tab-stops: -9.0pt 0in; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><b><span style="font-family: 'Bookman Old Style', serif; font-size: 10.5pt;">Basic COCOMO Model </span></b><span style="font-family: 'Bookman Old Style', serif; font-size: 10.5pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: -9.0pt; tab-stops: -9.0pt 0in; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="font-family: 'Bookman Old Style', serif; font-size: 10.5pt;">The basic COCOMO model gives an approximate estimate of the project parameters. The basic COCOMO estimation model is given by the following expressions: <o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: -9.0pt; tab-stops: -9.0pt 0in; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><b><span style="font-family: 'Bookman Old Style', serif; font-size: 10.5pt;">Effort = a<sub><span style="mso-text-raise: -5.0pt; position: relative; top: 5.0pt;">1 </span></sub>х (KLOC)<sup><span style="mso-text-raise: 5.0pt; position: relative; top: -5.0pt;">a</span></sup><sub><span style="mso-text-raise: -5.0pt; position: relative; top: 5.0pt;">2 </span></sub>PM </span></b><span style="font-family: 'Bookman Old Style', serif; font-size: 10.5pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: -9.0pt; tab-stops: -9.0pt 0in; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><b><span style="font-family: 'Bookman Old Style', serif; font-size: 10.5pt;">Tdev = b<sub><span style="mso-text-raise: -5.0pt; position: relative; top: 5.0pt;">1 </span></sub>x (Effort)<sup><span style="mso-text-raise: 5.0pt; position: relative; top: -5.0pt;">b</span></sup><sub><span style="mso-text-raise: -5.0pt; position: relative; top: 5.0pt;">2 </span></sub>Months </span></b><span style="font-family: 'Bookman Old Style', serif; font-size: 10.5pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="font-family: 'Bookman Old Style', serif; font-size: 10.5pt;">Where <o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .75in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-indent: -.25in; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="font-family: 'Bookman Old Style', serif; font-size: 10.5pt;">• KLOC is the estimated size of the software product expressed in Kilo Lines of Code, <o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .75in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-indent: -.25in; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="font-family: 'Bookman Old Style', serif; font-size: 10.5pt;">• a<sub><span style="mso-text-raise: -5.0pt; position: relative; top: 5.0pt;">1</span></sub>, a<sub><span style="mso-text-raise: -5.0pt; position: relative; top: 5.0pt;">2</span></sub>, b<sub><span style="mso-text-raise: -5.0pt; position: relative; top: 5.0pt;">1</span></sub>, b<sub><span style="mso-text-raise: -5.0pt; position: relative; top: 5.0pt;">2 </span></sub>are constants for each category of software products, <o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .75in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-indent: -.25in; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="font-family: 'Bookman Old Style', serif; font-size: 10.5pt;">• Tdev is the estimated time to develop the software, expressed in months, <o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .75in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-indent: -.25in; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="font-family: 'Bookman Old Style', serif; font-size: 10.5pt;">• Effort is the total effort required to develop the software product, expressed in person months (PMs). <o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: -9.0pt; tab-stops: -9.0pt 0in; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><br />
</div><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: -9.0pt; tab-stops: -9.0pt 0in; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Bookman Old Style","serif"; font-size: 10.5pt;"><!--[if gte vml 1]><v:shape
id="_x0000_i1038" type="#_x0000_t75" style='width:342pt;height:220.5pt'> <v:imagedata src="file:///C:\DOCUME~1\manikant\LOCALS~1\Temp\msohtmlclip1\01\clip_image025.emz"
o:title=""/> </v:shape><![endif]--><!--[if !vml]--><img height="294" src="file:///C:/DOCUME~1/manikant/LOCALS~1/Temp/msohtmlclip1/01/clip_image026.gif" v:shapes="_x0000_i1038" width="456" /><!--[endif]--><o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: -9.0pt; tab-stops: -9.0pt 0in; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: -9.0pt; tab-stops: -9.0pt 0in; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="font-family: "Bookman Old Style","serif"; font-size: 10.5pt;">The effort estimation is expressed in units of person-months (PM). It is the area under the person-month plot (as shown in fig. 11.3). It should be carefully noted that an effort of 100 PM does not imply that 100 persons should work for 1 month nor does it imply that 1 person should be employed for 100 months, but it denotes the area under the person-month curve (as shown in fig. 11.3).<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: -9.0pt; tab-stops: -9.0pt 0in; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="font-family: 'Bookman Old Style', serif; font-size: 10.5pt;">According to Boehm, every line of source text should be calculated as one LOC irrespective of the actual number of instructions on that line. Thus, if a single instruction spans several lines (say n lines), it is considered to be nLOC. The values of a<sub><span style="mso-text-raise: -5.0pt; position: relative; top: 5.0pt;">1</span></sub>, a<sub><span style="mso-text-raise: -5.0pt; position: relative; top: 5.0pt;">2</span></sub>, b<sub><span style="mso-text-raise: -5.0pt; position: relative; top: 5.0pt;">1</span></sub>, b<sub><span style="mso-text-raise: -5.0pt; position: relative; top: 5.0pt;">2 </span></sub>for different categories of products (i.e. organic, semidetached, and embedded) as given by Boehm [1981] are summarized below. He derived the above expressions by examining historical data collected from a large number of actual projects. </span><span style="font-family: "Bookman Old Style","serif"; font-size: 10.5pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: -9.0pt; tab-stops: -9.0pt 0in; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: -9.0pt; tab-stops: -9.0pt 0in; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><b><span style="font-family: 'Bookman Old Style', serif; font-size: 10.5pt;">Estimation of development effort </span></b><span style="font-family: "Bookman Old Style","serif"; font-size: 10.5pt;">: </span><span style="font-family: 'Bookman Old Style', serif; font-size: 10.5pt;">For the three classes of software products, the formulas for estimating the effort based on the code size are shown below: </span><span style="font-family: "Bookman Old Style","serif"; font-size: 10.5pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="layout-grid-mode: char; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-indent: .5in; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="font-family: 'Bookman Old Style', serif; font-size: 10.5pt;">Organic: <b>Effort = 2.4(<i>KLOC</i>)<sup><span style="mso-text-raise: 5.0pt; position: relative; top: -5.0pt;"> 1.05 </span></sup>PM </b><o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="layout-grid-mode: char; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-indent: .5in; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="font-family: 'Bookman Old Style', serif; font-size: 10.5pt;">Semi-detached: <b>Effort = 3.0(<i>KLOC</i>)<sup><span style="mso-text-raise: 5.0pt; position: relative; top: -5.0pt;"> 1.12 </span></sup>PM </b><o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="layout-grid-mode: char; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-indent: .5in; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="font-family: 'Bookman Old Style', serif; font-size: 10.5pt;">Embedded: <b>Effort = 3.6(<i>KLOC</i>)<sup><span style="mso-text-raise: 5.0pt; position: relative; top: -5.0pt;"> 1.20 </span></sup>PM </b><o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="layout-grid-mode: char; margin-left: -9.0pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><b><span style="font-family: 'Bookman Old Style', serif; font-size: 10.5pt;">Estimation of development time: </span></b><span style="font-family: 'Bookman Old Style', serif; font-size: 10.5pt;">For the three classes of software products, the formulas for estimating the development time based on the effort are given below: <o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-indent: .5in; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="font-family: 'Bookman Old Style', serif; font-size: 10.5pt;">Organic: <b>Tdev = 2.5(<i>Effort</i>)<sup><span style="mso-text-raise: 5.0pt; position: relative; top: -5.0pt;"> 0.38 </span></sup>Months </b><o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-indent: .5in; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="font-family: 'Bookman Old Style', serif; font-size: 10.5pt;">Semi-detached: <b>Tdev = 2.5(<i>Effort</i>)<sup><span style="mso-text-raise: 5.0pt; position: relative; top: -5.0pt;"> 0.35 </span></sup>Months </b><o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: -9.0pt; tab-stops: -9.0pt 0in; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="font-family: 'Bookman Old Style', serif; font-size: 10.5pt;"> Embedded: <b>Tdev = 2.5(<i>Effort</i>)<sup><span style="mso-text-raise: 5.0pt; position: relative; top: -5.0pt;"> 0.32 </span></sup>Months</b><o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: -9.0pt; tab-stops: -9.0pt 0in; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 9.0pt; mso-list: l39 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: -9.0pt 0in list 9.0pt .25in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><b><span style="font-family: "Bookman Old Style","serif"; font-size: 10.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Bookman Old Style"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Bookman Old Style";">44.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></b><!--[endif]--><b><span style="font-family: "Bookman Old Style","serif"; font-size: 10.5pt;">Q: What are different problems associated with Basic COCOMO model?<o:p></o:p></span></b></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: -9.0pt; tab-stops: -9.0pt 0in; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><b>Answer:<o:p></o:p></b></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: -9.0pt; tab-stops: -9.0pt 0in; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="font-family: "Bookman Old Style","serif"; font-size: 10.5pt;">Some insight into the basic COCOMO model can be obtained by plotting the estimated characteristics for different software sizes. Fig. 11.4 shows a plot of estimated effort versus product size. From fig. 11.4, we can observe that the effort is somewhat super linear in the size of the software product. Thus, the effort required to develop a product increases very rapidly with project size. </span><span style="font-family: 'Bookman Old Style', serif; font-size: 10.5pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="tab-stops: -9.0pt 0in; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Bookman Old Style","serif"; font-size: 10.5pt;"><!--[if gte vml 1]><v:shape
id="_x0000_i1039" type="#_x0000_t75" style='width:382.5pt;height:311.25pt'> <v:imagedata src="file:///C:\DOCUME~1\manikant\LOCALS~1\Temp\msohtmlclip1\01\clip_image027.emz"
o:title=""/> </v:shape><![endif]--><!--[if !vml]--><img height="415" src="file:///C:/DOCUME~1/manikant/LOCALS~1/Temp/msohtmlclip1/01/clip_image028.gif" v:shapes="_x0000_i1039" width="510" /><!--[endif]--></span><span style="font-size: 11.5pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="tab-stops: -9.0pt 0in; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="tab-stops: -9.0pt 0in; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="font-family: "Bookman Old Style","serif"; font-size: 10.5pt;">The development time versus the product size in KLOC is plotted in fig. 11.5. From fig. 11.5, it can be observed that the development time is a sublinear function of the size of the product, i.e. when the size of the product increases by two times, the time to develop the product does not double but rises moderately. This can be explained by the fact that for larger products, a larger number of activities which can be carried out concurrently can be identified. The parallel activities can be carried out simultaneously by the engineers. This reduces the time to complete the project. Further, from fig. 11.5, it can be observed that the development time is roughly the same for all the three categories of products. For example, a 60 KLOC program can be developed in approximately 18 months, regardless of whether it is of organic, semidetached, or embedded type.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="tab-stops: -9.0pt 0in; text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: 11.5pt;"><!--[if gte vml 1]><v:shape id="_x0000_i1040" type="#_x0000_t75"
style='width:342pt;height:274.5pt'> <v:imagedata src="file:///C:\DOCUME~1\manikant\LOCALS~1\Temp\msohtmlclip1\01\clip_image029.emz"
o:title=""/> </v:shape><![endif]--><!--[if !vml]--><img height="366" src="file:///C:/DOCUME~1/manikant/LOCALS~1/Temp/msohtmlclip1/01/clip_image030.gif" v:shapes="_x0000_i1040" width="456" /><!--[endif]--><o:p></o:p></span></div><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="tab-stops: -9.0pt 0in; text-align: center;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="font-family: 'Bookman Old Style', serif; font-size: 10.5pt;">From the effort estimation, the project cost can be obtained by multiplying the required effort by the manpower cost per month. But, implicit in this project cost computation is the assumption that the entire project cost is incurred on account of the manpower cost alone. In addition to manpower cost, a project would incur costs due to hardware and software required for the project and the company overheads for administration, office space, etc. it is important to note that the effort and the duration estimations obtained using the COCOMO model are called as nominal effort estimate and nominal duration estimate. The term nominal implies that if anyone tries to complete the project in a time shorter than the estimated duration, then the cost will increase drastically. But, if anyone completes the project over a longer period of time than the estimated, then there is almost no decrease in the estimated cost value.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 9.0pt; mso-list: l39 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: -9.0pt 0in list 9.0pt .25in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><b><span style="font-family: "Bookman Old Style","serif"; font-size: 10.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Bookman Old Style"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Bookman Old Style";">45.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></b><!--[endif]--><b><span style="font-family: "Bookman Old Style","serif"; font-size: 10.5pt;">Q: </span></b><b><span style="font-family: 'Bookman Old Style', serif; font-size: 10.5pt;">Assume that the size of an organic type software product has been estimated to be 32,000 lines of source code. Assume that the average salary of software engineers be Rs. 15,000/- per month. Determine the effort required to develop the software product and the nominal development time.</span></b><b><span style="font-family: 'Bookman Old Style', serif; font-size: 11.5pt;"> </span></b><b><span style="font-family: "Bookman Old Style","serif"; font-size: 10.5pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></b></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: -9.0pt; tab-stops: -9.0pt 0in; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><b>Answer:<o:p></o:p></b></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="font-family: "Bookman Old Style","serif"; font-size: 10.5pt;">We know,</span><span style="font-family: 'Bookman Old Style', serif; font-size: 10.5pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-indent: .5in; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="font-family: 'Bookman Old Style', serif; font-size: 10.5pt;">Effort = <b>2.4 х (32)<sup><span style="mso-text-raise: 5.0pt; position: relative; top: -5.0pt;">1.05 </span></sup></b>= <b>91 PM </b><o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-indent: .5in; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="font-family: 'Bookman Old Style', serif; font-size: 10.5pt;">Nominal development time = <b>2.5 х (91)<sup><span style="mso-text-raise: 5.0pt; position: relative; top: -5.0pt;">0.38 </span></sup></b>= <b>14 months<o:p></o:p></b></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .5in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="font-family: 'Bookman Old Style', serif; font-size: 10.5pt;">Cost required to develop the product = <b>14 х 15,000 </b><o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 3.0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-indent: .5in; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="font-family: 'Bookman Old Style', serif; font-size: 10.5pt;">= <b>Rs. 210,000/-<o:p></o:p></b></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 3.0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-indent: .5in; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 9.0pt; mso-list: l39 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: -9.0pt 0in list 9.0pt .25in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><b><span style="font-family: "Bookman Old Style","serif"; font-size: 10.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Bookman Old Style"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Bookman Old Style";">46.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></b><!--[endif]--><b><span style="font-family: "Bookman Old Style","serif"; font-size: 10.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;">Q: A project size of 200 KLOC is to be developed.</span></b><b><span style="font-family: 'Bookman Old Style', serif; font-size: 11.5pt;"> Software development team has average experience on similar type of projects. The project schedule is not very tight. Calculate the effort, development time, average staff size and productivity of the project.</span></b><b><span style="font-family: "Bookman Old Style","serif"; font-size: 10.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;"><o:p></o:p></span></b></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: -9.0pt; tab-stops: -9.0pt 0in; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><b><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";">Answer:<o:p></o:p></span></b></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="font-family: "Bookman Old Style","serif"; font-size: 10.5pt;">The semi-detached model is the most appropriate mode; keeping in view the size, schedules and experience of the development team,<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="font-family: "Bookman Old Style","serif"; font-size: 10.5pt;">Hence, </span><span style="font-family: 'Bookman Old Style', serif; font-size: 10.5pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-indent: .5in; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="font-family: 'Bookman Old Style', serif; font-size: 10.5pt;">Effort = <b>3.0 х (200)<sup><span style="mso-text-raise: 5.0pt; position: relative; top: -5.0pt;">1.12 </span></sup></b>= <b>1133.12 PM =E</b><o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-indent: .5in; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="font-family: 'Bookman Old Style', serif; font-size: 10.5pt;">Nominal development time = <b>2.5 х (1133.12)<sup><span style="mso-text-raise: 5.0pt; position: relative; top: -5.0pt;">0.35</span></sup></b>= <b>29.3 months=D<o:p></o:p></b></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .5in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="font-family: 'Bookman Old Style', serif; font-size: 10.5pt;">Average Staff size (<b>SS</b>) = <b>E/D=1133.12/29.3=38.67 Persons <o:p></o:p></b></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .5in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="font-family: 'Bookman Old Style', serif; font-size: 10.5pt;">Productivity (<b>P</b>) = <b>200/1133.12=0.1765 KLOC/PM=176 LOC/PM<o:p></o:p></b></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .5in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 9.0pt; mso-list: l39 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: -9.0pt 0in list 9.0pt .25in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><b><i><span style="font-family: "Bookman Old Style","serif"; font-size: 10.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Bookman Old Style"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Bookman Old Style";">47.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></i></b><!--[endif]--><b><span style="font-family: "Bookman Old Style","serif"; font-size: 10.5pt;">Q: Suppose that a project was estimated to be 400 KLOC. Calculate the effort and development time for each of the three modes, i.e. <i>Organic, Semi-detached and Embedded.<o:p></o:p></i></span></b></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: -9.0pt; tab-stops: -9.0pt 0in; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><b><span style="font-family: "Bookman Old Style","serif";">Answer:<o:p></o:p></span></b></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: -9.0pt; tab-stops: -9.0pt 0in; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="font-family: "Bookman Old Style","serif"; font-size: 10.5pt;">The basic COCOMO equations take the form:<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: -9.0pt; tab-stops: -9.0pt 0in; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="font-family: "Bookman Old Style","serif"; font-size: 10.5pt;"> </span><span style="font-family: 'Bookman Old Style', serif; font-size: 10.5pt;">Effort (<b>E)</b> = <b>a х (KLOC)<sup><span style="mso-text-raise: 5.0pt; position: relative; top: -5.0pt;">b<o:p></o:p></span></sup></b></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: -9.0pt; tab-stops: -9.0pt 0in; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="font-family: 'Bookman Old Style', serif; font-size: 10.5pt;"> Development time (<b>D)</b> = <b>c х (E)<sup><span style="mso-text-raise: 5.0pt; position: relative; top: -5.0pt;">d<o:p></o:p></span></sup></b></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: -9.0pt; tab-stops: -9.0pt 0in; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="font-family: "Bookman Old Style","serif"; font-size: 10.5pt;">Estimated size of the project is=<b>400 KLOC</b><o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .5in; mso-list: l21 level1 lfo26; mso-text-indent-alt: -9.0pt; tab-stops: -9.0pt 0in list .5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.5in; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: "Bookman Old Style","serif"; font-size: 10.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Bookman Old Style"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Bookman Old Style";"><span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span>(I).<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: "Bookman Old Style","serif"; font-size: 10.5pt;">Organic mode<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: -9.0pt; tab-stops: -9.0pt 0in; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="font-family: "Bookman Old Style","serif"; font-size: 10.5pt;"> </span><span style="font-family: 'Bookman Old Style', serif; font-size: 10.5pt;">Effort (<b>E)</b> = <b>2.4 х (400)<sup><span style="mso-text-raise: 5.0pt; position: relative; top: -5.0pt;">1.05</span></sup></b>= <b>1295.31 PM<sup><span style="mso-text-raise: 5.0pt; position: relative; top: -5.0pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></sup></b></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: -9.0pt; tab-stops: -9.0pt 0in; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="font-family: 'Bookman Old Style', serif; font-size: 10.5pt;"> Development time (<b>D)</b> = <b>2.5 х (1295.31)<sup><span style="mso-text-raise: 5.0pt; position: relative; top: -5.0pt;">0.38</span></sup></b>= <b>38.07 M<sup><span style="mso-text-raise: 5.0pt; position: relative; top: -5.0pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></sup></b></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 27.0pt; tab-stops: -9.0pt 0in; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .5in; mso-list: l21 level1 lfo26; mso-text-indent-alt: -9.0pt; tab-stops: -9.0pt 0in list .5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.5in; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: "Bookman Old Style","serif"; font-size: 10.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Bookman Old Style"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Bookman Old Style";"><span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span>(II).<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: "Bookman Old Style","serif"; font-size: 10.5pt;">Semidetached mode<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: -9.0pt; tab-stops: -9.0pt 0in; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="font-family: 'Bookman Old Style', serif; font-size: 10.5pt;"> Effort (<b>E)</b> = <b>3.0 х (400)<sup><span style="mso-text-raise: 5.0pt; position: relative; top: -5.0pt;">1.12</span></sup></b>= <b>2462.79 PM<sup><span style="mso-text-raise: 5.0pt; position: relative; top: -5.0pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></sup></b></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: -9.0pt; tab-stops: -9.0pt 0in; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="font-family: 'Bookman Old Style', serif; font-size: 10.5pt;"> Development time (<b>D)</b> = <b>2.5 х (2462.79)<sup><span style="mso-text-raise: 5.0pt; position: relative; top: -5.0pt;">0.35</span></sup></b>= <b>38.45 M</b></span><span style="font-family: "Bookman Old Style","serif"; font-size: 10.5pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .5in; mso-list: l21 level1 lfo26; mso-text-indent-alt: -9.0pt; tab-stops: -9.0pt 0in list .5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.5in; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: "Bookman Old Style","serif"; font-size: 10.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Bookman Old Style"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Bookman Old Style";"><span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span>(III).<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: "Bookman Old Style","serif"; font-size: 10.5pt;">Embedded mode<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: -9.0pt; tab-stops: -9.0pt 0in; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="font-family: 'Bookman Old Style', serif; font-size: 10.5pt;"> Effort (<b>E)</b> = <b>3.6 х (400)<sup><span style="mso-text-raise: 5.0pt; position: relative; top: -5.0pt;">1.20</span></sup></b>= <b>4772.81 PM<sup><span style="mso-text-raise: 5.0pt; position: relative; top: -5.0pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></sup></b></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: -9.0pt; tab-stops: -9.0pt 0in; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="font-family: 'Bookman Old Style', serif; font-size: 10.5pt;"> Development time (<b>D)</b> = <b>2.5 х (4772.81)<sup><span style="mso-text-raise: 5.0pt; position: relative; top: -5.0pt;">0.38</span></sup></b>= <b>38 M<sup><span style="mso-text-raise: 5.0pt; position: relative; top: -5.0pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></sup></b></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 27.0pt; tab-stops: -9.0pt 0in; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 9.0pt; mso-list: l39 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: -9.0pt 0in list 9.0pt .25in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><b><span style="font-family: "Bookman Old Style","serif"; font-size: 10.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Bookman Old Style"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Bookman Old Style";">48.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></b><!--[endif]--><b><span style="font-family: "Bookman Old Style","serif"; font-size: 10.5pt;">Q: How Intermediate and Complete COCOMO model concepts works?<o:p></o:p></span></b></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: -9.0pt; tab-stops: -9.0pt 0in; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><b>Answer:<o:p></o:p></b></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><b><i><span style="font-family: 'Bookman Old Style', serif; font-size: 10.5pt;">Intermediate COCOMO model <o:p></o:p></span></i></b></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="font-family: 'Bookman Old Style', serif; font-size: 10.5pt;">The basic COCOMO model assumes that effort and development time are functions of the product size alone. However, a host of other project parameters besides the product size affect the effort required to develop the product as well as the development time. Therefore, in order to obtain an accurate estimation of the effort and project duration, the effect of all relevant parameters must be taken into account. The intermediate COCOMO model recognizes this fact and refines the initial estimate obtained using the basic COCOMO expressions by using a set of 15 cost drivers (multipliers) based on various attributes of software development. For example, if modern programming practices are used, the initial estimates are scaled downward by multiplication with a cost driver having a value less than 1. If there are stringent reliability requirements on the software product, this initial estimate is scaled upward. Boehm requires the project manager to rate these 15 different parameters for a particular project on a scale of one to three. Then, depending on these ratings, he suggests appropriate cost driver values which should be multiplied with the initial estimate obtained using the basic COCOMO. In general, the cost drivers can be classified as being attributes of the following items: <o:p></o:p></span></div><ul style="margin-top: 0in;" type="disc"><li class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><b><span style="font-family: "Bookman Old Style","serif"; font-size: 10.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;">Product: </span></b><span style="font-family: "Bookman Old Style","serif"; font-size: 10.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;">The characteristics of the product that are considered include the inherent complexity of the product, reliability requirements of the product, etc. <o:p></o:p></span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><b><span style="font-family: "Bookman Old Style","serif"; font-size: 10.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;">Computer: </span></b><span style="font-family: "Bookman Old Style","serif"; font-size: 10.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;">Characteristics of the computer that are considered include the execution speed required, storage space required etc. <o:p></o:p></span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><b><span style="font-family: "Bookman Old Style","serif"; font-size: 10.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;">Personnel: </span></b><span style="font-family: "Bookman Old Style","serif"; font-size: 10.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;">The attributes of development personnel that are considered include the experience level of personnel, programming capability, analysis capability, etc. <o:p></o:p></span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><b><span style="font-family: "Bookman Old Style","serif"; font-size: 10.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;">Development Environment: </span></b><span style="font-family: "Bookman Old Style","serif"; font-size: 10.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;">Development environment attributes capture the development facilities available to the developers. An important parameter that is considered is the sophistication of the automation (CASE) tools used for software development. <o:p></o:p></span></li>
</ul><div class="MsoNormal" style="mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><b><i><span style="font-family: 'Bookman Old Style', serif; font-size: 10.5pt;">Complete COCOMO model <o:p></o:p></span></i></b></div><div class="Default" style="text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="font-family: "Bookman Old Style","serif"; font-size: 10.5pt;">A major shortcoming of both the basic and intermediate COCOMO models is that they consider a software product as a single homogeneous entity. However, most large systems are made up several smaller sub-systems. These sub-systems may have widely different characteristics. For example, some sub-systems may be considered as organic type, some semidetached, and some embedded. Not only that the inherent development complexity of the subsystems may be different, but also for some subsystems the reliability requirements may be high, for some the development team might have no previous experience of similar development, and so on. The complete COCOMO model considers these differences in characteristics of the subsystems and estimates the effort and development time as the sum of the estimates for the individual subsystems. The cost of each subsystem is estimated separately. This approach reduces the margin of error in the final estimate. <o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="font-family: 'Bookman Old Style', serif; font-size: 10.5pt;">T</span><span style="font-family: 'Bookman Old Style', serif; font-size: 10.5pt;">he following development project can be considered as an example application of the complete COCOMO model. A distributed Management Information System (MIS) product for an organization having offices at several places across the country can have the following sub-components: <o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 1.0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-indent: -.25in; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="font-family: 'Bookman Old Style', serif; font-size: 10.5pt;">• Database part <o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 1.0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-indent: -.25in; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="font-family: 'Bookman Old Style', serif; font-size: 10.5pt;">• Graphical User Interface (GUI) part <o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 1.0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-indent: -.25in; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="font-family: 'Bookman Old Style', serif; font-size: 10.5pt;">• Communication part <o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="font-family: 'Bookman Old Style', serif; font-size: 10.5pt;">Of these, the communication part can be considered as embedded software. The database part could be semi-detached software, and the GUI part organic software. The costs for these three components can be estimated separately, and summed up to give the overall cost of the system.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 9.0pt; mso-list: l39 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: -9.0pt 0in list 9.0pt .25in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><b><span style="font-family: "Bookman Old Style","serif"; font-size: 10.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Bookman Old Style"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Bookman Old Style";">49.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></b><!--[endif]--><b><span style="font-family: "Bookman Old Style","serif"; font-size: 10.5pt;">Q: What do you mean by Staffing level estimation? Describe the Putnam’s work for staffing level estimation.<o:p></o:p></span></b></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: -9.0pt; tab-stops: -9.0pt 0in; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><b>Answer:<o:p></o:p></b></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><b><span style="font-family: 'Bookman Old Style', serif; font-size: 10.5pt;">Staffing level estimation <o:p></o:p></span></b></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="font-family: 'Bookman Old Style', serif; font-size: 10.5pt;">Once the effort required to develop a software has been determined, it is necessary to determine the staffing requirement for the project. Putnam first studied the problem of what should be a proper staffing pattern for software projects. He extended the work of Norden who had earlier investigated the staffing pattern of research and development (R&D) type of projects. In order to appreciate the staffing pattern of software projects, Norden’s and Putnam’s results must be understood. <o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><b><span style="font-family: 'Bookman Old Style', serif; font-size: 10.5pt;">Putnam’s Work </span></b><span style="font-family: 'Bookman Old Style', serif; font-size: 10.5pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="font-family: 'Bookman Old Style', serif; font-size: 10.5pt;">Putnam studied the problem of staffing of software projects and found that the software development has characteristics very similar to other R & D projects studied by Norden and that the Rayleigh-Norden curve can be used to relate the number of delivered lines of code to the effort and the time required to develop the project. By analyzing a large number of army projects, Putnam derived the following expression: <o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .5in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><b><span style="font-family: 'Bookman Old Style', serif; font-size: 10.5pt;">L = C<sub><span style="mso-text-raise: -5.0pt; position: relative; top: 5.0pt;">k </span></sub>K<sup><span style="mso-text-raise: 5.0pt; position: relative; top: -5.0pt;">1/3</span></sup>t</span></b><sub><span style="font-family: 'Bookman Old Style', serif; font-size: 10.5pt; position: relative; top: 5pt;">d</span></sub><b><sup><span style="font-family: 'Bookman Old Style', serif; font-size: 10.5pt; position: relative; top: -5pt;">4/3 </span></sup></b><span style="font-family: 'Bookman Old Style', serif; font-size: 10.5pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="font-family: 'Bookman Old Style', serif; font-size: 10.5pt;">The various terms of this expression are as follows: <o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .5in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-indent: -.25in; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="font-family: 'Bookman Old Style', serif; font-size: 10.5pt;">• K is the total effort expended (in PM) in the product development and L is the product size in KLOC. <o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .5in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-indent: -.25in; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="font-family: 'Bookman Old Style', serif; font-size: 10.5pt;">• t<sub><span style="mso-text-raise: -5.0pt; position: relative; top: 5.0pt;">d </span></sub>corresponds to the time of system and integration testing. Therefore, t<sub><span style="mso-text-raise: -5.0pt; position: relative; top: 5.0pt;">d </span></sub>can be approximately considered as the time required to develop the software. <o:p></o:p></span></div><ul style="margin-top: 0in;" type="disc"><li class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Bookman Old Style","serif"; font-size: 10.5pt;">C<sub><span style="mso-text-raise: -5.0pt; position: relative; top: 5.0pt;">k </span></sub>is the state of technology constant and reflects constraints that impede the progress of the programmer. Typical values of C<sub><span style="mso-text-raise: -5.0pt; position: relative; top: 5.0pt;">k </span></sub>= 2 for poor development environment (no methodology, poor documentation, and review, etc.), C<sub><span style="mso-text-raise: -5.0pt; position: relative; top: 5.0pt;">k </span></sub>= 8 for good software development environment (software engineering principles are adhered to), C<sub><span style="mso-text-raise: -5.0pt; position: relative; top: 5.0pt;">k </span></sub>= 11 for an excellent environment (in addition to following software engineering principles, automated tools and techniques are used). The exact value of C<sub><span style="mso-text-raise: -5.0pt; position: relative; top: 5.0pt;">k </span></sub>for a specific project can be computed from the historical data of the organization developing it. <o:p></o:p></span></li>
</ul><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: center; text-autospace: none;"><span style="font-family: "Bookman Old Style","serif"; font-size: 10.5pt;"><!--[if gte vml 1]><v:shape
id="_x0000_i1041" type="#_x0000_t75" style='width:234pt;height:170.25pt'> <v:imagedata src="file:///C:\DOCUME~1\manikant\LOCALS~1\Temp\msohtmlclip1\01\clip_image031.emz"
o:title=""/> </v:shape><![endif]--><!--[if !vml]--><img height="227" src="file:///C:/DOCUME~1/manikant/LOCALS~1/Temp/msohtmlclip1/01/clip_image032.gif" v:shapes="_x0000_i1041" width="312" /><!--[endif]--><o:p></o:p></span></div><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: center; text-autospace: none;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="font-family: 'Bookman Old Style', serif; font-size: 10.5pt;">Putnam suggested that optimal staff build-up on a project should follow the Rayleigh curve. Only a small number of engineers are needed at the beginning of a project to carry out planning and specification tasks. As the project progresses and more detailed work is required, the number of engineers reaches a peak. After implementation and unit testing, the number of project staff falls. However, the staff build-up should not be carried out in large installments. The team size should either be increased or decreased slowly whenever required to match the Rayleigh-Norden curve. Experience shows that a very rapid build up of project staff any time during the project development correlates with schedule slippage. It should be clear that a constant level of manpower through out the project duration would lead to wastage of effort and increase the time and effort required to develop the product. If a constant number of engineers are used over all the phases of a project, some phases would be overstaffed and the other phases would be understaffed causing inefficient use of manpower, leading to schedule slippage and increase in cost. <o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 9.0pt; mso-list: l39 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: -9.0pt 0in list 9.0pt .25in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><b><span style="font-family: "Bookman Old Style","serif"; font-size: 10.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Bookman Old Style"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Bookman Old Style";">50.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></b><!--[endif]--><b><span style="font-family: "Bookman Old Style","serif"; font-size: 10.5pt;">Q: Describe the Norden’s work for staffing level estimation. Give the drawback of Putnam’s work.<o:p></o:p></span></b></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: -9.0pt; tab-stops: -9.0pt 0in; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><b>Answer:<o:p></o:p></b></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><b><i><span style="font-family: 'Bookman Old Style', serif; font-size: 10.5pt;">Norden</span></i></b><span style="font-family: 'Bookman Old Style', serif; font-size: 10.5pt;"> studied the staffing patterns of several R & D projects. He found that the staffing pattern can be approximated by the Rayleigh distribution curve (as shown in fig. 11.6). Norden represented the Rayleigh curve by the following equation: <o:p></o:p></span></div><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: center; text-autospace: none;"><b><span style="font-family: 'Bookman Old Style', serif; font-size: 10.5pt;">E = K/t²<sub><span style="mso-text-raise: -5.0pt; position: relative; top: 5.0pt;">d </span></sub>* t * e<sup><span style="mso-text-raise: 5.0pt; position: relative; top: -5.0pt;">-t² / 2 t²</span></sup><sub><span style="mso-text-raise: -5.0pt; position: relative; top: 5.0pt;">d</span></sub></span></b><span style="font-family: 'Bookman Old Style', serif; font-size: 10.5pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="font-family: 'Bookman Old Style', serif; font-size: 10.5pt;">Where E is the effort required at time t. E is an indication of the number of engineers (or the staffing level) at any particular time during the duration of the project, K is the area under the curve, and t<sub><span style="mso-text-raise: -5.0pt; position: relative; top: 5.0pt;">d </span></sub>is the time at which the curve attains its maximum value. <o:p></o:p></span></div><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Bookman Old Style","serif"; font-size: 10.5pt;"><!--[if gte vml 1]><v:shape
id="_x0000_i1042" type="#_x0000_t75" style='width:243pt;height:175.5pt'> <v:imagedata src="file:///C:\DOCUME~1\manikant\LOCALS~1\Temp\msohtmlclip1\01\clip_image031.emz"
o:title=""/> </v:shape><![endif]--><!--[if !vml]--><img height="234" src="file:///C:/DOCUME~1/manikant/LOCALS~1/Temp/msohtmlclip1/01/clip_image033.gif" v:shapes="_x0000_i1042" width="324" /><!--[endif]--><o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="font-family: 'Bookman Old Style', serif; font-size: 10.5pt;">It must be remembered that the results of Norden are applicable to general R & D projects and were not meant to model the staffing pattern of software development projects.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><b><i><span style="font-family: 'Bookman Old Style', serif; font-size: 10.5pt;">Drawback of Putnam’s Works:<o:p></o:p></span></i></b></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="font-family: 'Bookman Old Style', serif; font-size: 10.5pt;">By analyzing a large number of army projects, Putnam derived the following expression: <o:p></o:p></span></div><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .5in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: center; text-autospace: none; text-indent: .5in;"><b><span style="font-family: 'Bookman Old Style', serif; font-size: 10.5pt;">L = C<sub>k</sub>K<sup>1/3</sup>t<sub>d</sub><sup>4/3</sup></span></b><span style="font-family: 'Bookman Old Style', serif; font-size: 10.5pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 5.0pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 5.0pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="font-family: 'Bookman Old Style', serif; font-size: 10.5pt;">Where, K is the total effort expended (in PM) in the product development and L is the product size in KLOC, t<sub><span style="mso-text-raise: -5.0pt; position: relative; top: 5.0pt;">d </span></sub>corresponds to the time of system and integration testing and C<sub><span style="mso-text-raise: -5.0pt; position: relative; top: 5.0pt;">k </span></sub>is the state of technology constant and reflects constraints that impede the progress of the programmer .<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 5.0pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 5.0pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="font-family: 'Bookman Old Style', serif; font-size: 10.5pt;">Now by using the above expression it is obtained that, <o:p></o:p></span></div><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-top: 6.0pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: center; text-autospace: none;"><b><span style="font-family: 'Bookman Old Style', serif; font-size: 10.5pt;">K = L<sup>3</sup>/(C<sub>k</sub>)<sup>3</sup>(td)<sup><span style="mso-text-raise: 5.0pt; position: relative; top: -5.0pt;">3</span></sup></span></b><span style="font-family: 'Bookman Old Style', serif; font-size: 10.5pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><b><span style="font-family: 'Bookman Old Style', serif; font-size: 10.5pt;">Or,<o:p></o:p></span></b></div><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-top: 6.0pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: center; text-autospace: none;"><b><span style="font-family: 'Bookman Old Style', serif; font-size: 10.5pt;">K = C/t<sub><span style="mso-text-raise: -5.0pt; position: relative; top: 5.0pt;">d</span></sub><sup><span style="mso-text-raise: 5.0pt; position: relative; top: -5.0pt;">4</span></sup></span></b><span style="font-family: 'Bookman Old Style', serif; font-size: 10.5pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 5.0pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 5.0pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="font-family: 'Bookman Old Style', serif; font-size: 10.5pt;">For the same product size, <b>C = L<sup>3 </sup>/ C<sub><span style="mso-text-raise: -5.0pt; position: relative; top: 5.0pt;">k</span></sub><sup><span style="mso-text-raise: 5.0pt; position: relative; top: -5.0pt;">3 </span></sup></b>is a constant. <o:p></o:p></span></div><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-top: 6.0pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: center; text-autospace: none;"><b><span style="font-family: 'Bookman Old Style', serif; font-size: 10.5pt;">or, K<sub>1</sub>/K<sub>2</sub> = (t<sub>d2</sub>)<sup>4</sup>*(t<sub>d1</sub>)<sup>4</sup><o:p></o:p></span></b></div><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-top: 6.0pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: center; text-autospace: none;"><b><span style="font-family: 'Bookman Old Style', serif; font-size: 10.5pt;">or, K </span></b><span style="font-family: SimSun; font-size: 10.5pt;">∝</span><span style="font-family: 'Bookman Old Style', serif; font-size: 10.5pt;"> <b>1/t<sub><span style="mso-text-raise: -5.0pt; position: relative; top: 5.0pt;">d</span></sub><sup><span style="mso-text-raise: 5.0pt; position: relative; top: -5.0pt;">4</span></sup></b><o:p></o:p></span></div><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-top: 6.0pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: center; text-autospace: none;"><b><span style="font-family: 'Bookman Old Style', serif; font-size: 10.5pt;">or, cost </span></b><span style="font-family: SimSun; font-size: 10.5pt;">∝</span><span style="font-family: 'Bookman Old Style', serif; font-size: 10.5pt;"> <b>1/t<sub><span style="mso-text-raise: -5.0pt; position: relative; top: 5.0pt;">d</span></sub></b><o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-top: 6.0pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="font-family: 'Bookman Old Style', serif; font-size: 10.5pt;">(as project development effort is equally proportional to project development cost)<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 5.0pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 5.0pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="font-family: 'Bookman Old Style', serif; font-size: 10.5pt;">From the above expression, it can be easily observed that when the schedule of a project is compressed, the required development effort as well as project development cost increases in proportion to the fourth power of the degree of compression. It means that a relatively small compression in delivery schedule can result in substantial penalty of human effort as well as development cost. For example, if the estimated development time is 1 year, then in order to develop the product in 6 months, the total effort required to develop the product (and hence the project cost) increases 16 times. <o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 5.0pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 5.0pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 9.0pt; mso-list: l39 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: -9.0pt 0in list 9.0pt .25in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><b><span style="font-family: "Bookman Old Style","serif"; font-size: 10.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Bookman Old Style"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Bookman Old Style";">51.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></b><!--[endif]--><b><span style="font-family: "Bookman Old Style","serif"; font-size: 10.5pt;">Q: A software project is planned to cost 95 PY in a period of 1 year and 9 months. Calculate the peak manning and average rate of software team build up.<o:p></o:p></span></b></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: -9.0pt; tab-stops: -9.0pt 0in; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><b>Answer:<o:p></o:p></b></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 5.0pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 5.0pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="font-family: 'Bookman Old Style', serif; font-size: 10.5pt;">Software project cost<b><i>, </i>K=95 PY<i><o:p></o:p></i></b></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 5.0pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 5.0pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="font-family: 'Bookman Old Style', serif; font-size: 10.5pt;">Peak development time<b><i>, </i></b></span><b><span style="font-family: 'Bookman Old Style', serif; font-size: 11pt;">t<sub><span style="mso-text-raise: -5.0pt; position: relative; top: 5.0pt;">d</span></sub></span></b><b><span style="font-family: 'Bookman Old Style', serif; font-size: 10.5pt;"> =1.75 Years<o:p></o:p></span></b></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 5.0pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 5.0pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="font-family: 'Bookman Old Style', serif; font-size: 10.5pt;">Peak manning<b><i>, </i></b></span><b><span style="font-family: 'Bookman Old Style', serif; font-size: 10pt;">m<sub><span style="mso-text-raise: -5.0pt; position: relative; top: 5.0pt;">0</span></sub></span></b><b><span style="font-family: 'Bookman Old Style', serif; font-size: 9pt;"> =<i> </i></span></b><b><span style="font-family: 'Bookman Old Style', serif; font-size: 10.5pt;">K/ (<i> </i></span></b><b><span style="font-family: 'Bookman Old Style', serif; font-size: 11pt;">t<sub><span style="mso-text-raise: -5.0pt; position: relative; top: 5.0pt;">d</span></sub></span></b><b><span style="font-family: 'Bookman Old Style', serif; font-size: 10.5pt;">x(e)<sup>1/2</sup>)</span></b><b><span style="font-family: 'Bookman Old Style', serif; font-size: 10pt;">=</span></b><b><span style="font-family: 'Bookman Old Style', serif; font-size: 10.5pt;">95/(1.75x1.648)=33 </span></b><b><span style="font-family: 'Bookman Old Style', serif; font-size: 10pt;">Persons</span></b><b><span style="font-family: 'Bookman Old Style', serif; font-size: 10.5pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></b></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 5.0pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 5.0pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="font-family: 'Bookman Old Style', serif; font-size: 10.5pt;">Average rate of software team build up=</span><b><span style="font-family: 'Bookman Old Style', serif; font-size: 11pt;"> </span></b><b><span style="font-family: 'Bookman Old Style', serif;">m<sub><span style="mso-text-raise: -5.0pt; position: relative; top: 5.0pt;">0</span></sub></span></b><b><span style="font-family: 'Bookman Old Style', serif;">/ </span></b><b><span style="font-family: 'Bookman Old Style', serif; font-size: 14pt;">t<sub><span style="mso-text-raise: -5.0pt; position: relative; top: 5.0pt;">d</span></sub></span></b><b><span style="font-family: 'Bookman Old Style', serif;">=</span></b><b><span style="font-family: 'Bookman Old Style', serif; font-size: 10.5pt;">33/1.75=18.8 Person/Years<o:p></o:p></span></b></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 5.0pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 5.0pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 9.0pt; mso-list: l39 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: -9.0pt 0in list 9.0pt .25in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><b><span style="font-family: "Bookman Old Style","serif"; font-size: 10.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Bookman Old Style"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Bookman Old Style";">52.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></b><!--[endif]--><b><span style="font-family: "Bookman Old Style","serif"; font-size: 10.5pt;">Q: What are the different steps to perform project scheduling?<o:p></o:p></span></b></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: -9.0pt; tab-stops: -9.0pt 0in; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><b>Answer:</b><span style="font-family: 'Bookman Old Style', serif; font-size: 10.5pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="font-family: 'Bookman Old Style', serif; font-size: 10.5pt;">Project-task scheduling is an important project planning activity. It involves deciding which tasks would be taken up when. In order to schedule the project activities, a software project manager needs to do the following: <b><o:p></o:p></b></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .75in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-indent: -.25in; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="font-family: 'Bookman Old Style', serif; font-size: 10.5pt;">1. Identify all the tasks needed to complete the project. <o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .75in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-indent: -.25in; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="font-family: 'Bookman Old Style', serif; font-size: 10.5pt;">2. Break down large tasks into small activities. <o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .75in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-indent: -.25in; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="font-family: 'Bookman Old Style', serif; font-size: 10.5pt;">3. Determine the dependency among different activities. <o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .75in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-indent: -.25in; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="font-family: 'Bookman Old Style', serif; font-size: 10.5pt;">4. Establish the most likely estimates for the time durations necessary to complete the activities. <o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .75in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-indent: -.25in; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="font-family: 'Bookman Old Style', serif; font-size: 10.5pt;">5. Allocate resources to activities. <o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .75in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-indent: -.25in; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="font-family: 'Bookman Old Style', serif; font-size: 10.5pt;">6. Plan the starting and ending dates for various activities. <o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .75in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-indent: -.25in; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="font-family: 'Bookman Old Style', serif; font-size: 10.5pt;">7. Determine the critical path. A critical path is the chain of activities that determines the duration of the project. <o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="font-family: 'Bookman Old Style', serif; font-size: 10.5pt;">The first step in scheduling a software project involves identifying all the tasks necessary to complete the project. Next, the large tasks are broken down into a logical set of small activities which would be assigned to different engineers. The <b><i>work breakdown</i></b> structure formalism helps the manager to breakdown the tasks systematically. After the project manager has broken down the tasks and created the work breakdown structure, he has to find the dependency among the activities. The dependency among the activities is represented in the form of an <b><i>activity network</i></b>. Once the activity network representation has been worked out, resources are allocated to each activity. Resource allocation is typically done using a <b><i>Gantt chart</i></b>. After resource allocation is done, a <b><i>PERT chart</i></b> representation is developed. The PERT chart representation is suitable for program monitoring and control. For task scheduling, the project manager needs to decompose the project tasks into a set of activities. The time frame when each activity is to be performed is to be determined. The end of each activity is called <b>milestone</b>. The project manager tracks the progress of a project by monitoring the timely completion of the milestones. If he observes that the milestones start getting delayed, then he has to carefully control the activities, so that the overall deadline can still be met. <o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 9.0pt; mso-list: l39 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: -9.0pt 0in list 9.0pt .25in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><b><span style="font-family: "Bookman Old Style","serif"; font-size: 10.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Bookman Old Style"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Bookman Old Style";">53.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></b><!--[endif]--><b><span style="font-family: "Bookman Old Style","serif"; font-size: 10.5pt;">Q: What is Work breakdown structure?<o:p></o:p></span></b></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: -9.0pt; tab-stops: -9.0pt 0in; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><b>Answer:</b><span style="font-family: 'Bookman Old Style', serif; font-size: 10.5pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="font-family: 'Bookman Old Style', serif; font-size: 10.5pt;">Work Breakdown Structure (WBS) is used to decompose a given task set recursively into small activities. WBS provides a notation for representing the major tasks need to be carried out in order to solve a problem. The root of the tree is labeled by the problem name. Each node of the tree is broken down into smaller activities that are made the children of the node. Each activity is recursively decomposed into smaller sub-activities until at the leaf level, the activities requires approximately two weeks developing. <u>Fig. 3.7 </u>represents the WBS of MIS (Management Information System) software. While breaking down a task into smaller tasks, the manager has to make some hard decisions. If a task is broken down into large number of very small activities, these can be carried out independently. Thus, it becomes possible to develop the product faster (with the help of additional manpower). Therefore, to be able to complete a project in the least amount of time, the manager needs to break large tasks into smaller ones, expecting to find more parallelism. However, it is not useful to subdivide tasks into units which take less than a week or two to execute. Very fine subdivision means that a disproportionate amount of time must be spent on preparing and revising various charts.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><br />
</div><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: 'Bookman Old Style', serif; font-size: 10.5pt;"><!--[if gte vml 1]><v:shape
id="_x0000_i1043" type="#_x0000_t75" style='width:355.5pt;height:204.75pt'> <v:imagedata src="file:///C:\DOCUME~1\manikant\LOCALS~1\Temp\msohtmlclip1\01\clip_image034.png"
o:title=""/> </v:shape><![endif]--><!--[if !vml]--><img height="273" src="file:///C:/DOCUME~1/manikant/LOCALS~1/Temp/msohtmlclip1/01/clip_image035.jpg" v:shapes="_x0000_i1043" width="474" /><!--[endif]--><o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><br />
</div><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><b><span style="font-family: "Bookman Old Style","serif"; font-size: 10.5pt;">Fig. 3.7: </span></b><span style="font-family: "Bookman Old Style","serif"; font-size: 10.5pt;">Work breakdown structure of an MIS problem<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 9.0pt; mso-list: l39 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: -9.0pt 0in list 9.0pt .25in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><b><span style="font-family: "Bookman Old Style","serif"; font-size: 10.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Bookman Old Style"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Bookman Old Style";">54.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></b><!--[endif]--><b><span style="font-family: "Bookman Old Style","serif"; font-size: 10.5pt;">Q: How network structure is constructed? What is a critical path method?<o:p></o:p></span></b></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: -9.0pt; tab-stops: -9.0pt 0in; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><b>Answer:</b><span style="font-family: 'Bookman Old Style', serif; font-size: 10.5pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: -9.0pt; tab-stops: -9.0pt 0in; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="font-family: 'Bookman Old Style', serif; font-size: 10.5pt;">WBS representation of a project is transformed into an activity network by representing activities identified in WBS along with their interdependencies. An activity network shows the different activities making up a project, their estimated durations, and interdependencies (as shown in <u>fig. 3.8</u>). Each activity is represented by a rectangular node and the duration of the activity is shown alongside each task. <o:p></o:p></span></div><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: 'Bookman Old Style', serif; font-size: 10.5pt;"><!--[if gte vml 1]><v:shape
id="_x0000_i1044" type="#_x0000_t75" style='width:378pt;height:219pt'> <v:imagedata src="file:///C:\DOCUME~1\manikant\LOCALS~1\Temp\msohtmlclip1\01\clip_image036.png"
o:title=""/> </v:shape><![endif]--><!--[if !vml]--><img height="292" src="file:///C:/DOCUME~1/manikant/LOCALS~1/Temp/msohtmlclip1/01/clip_image037.jpg" v:shapes="_x0000_i1044" width="504" /><!--[endif]--><o:p></o:p></span></div><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><b><span style="font-family: "Bookman Old Style","serif"; font-size: 10.5pt;">Fig. 3.8: </span></b><span style="font-family: "Bookman Old Style","serif"; font-size: 10.5pt;">Activity network representation of the MIS problem<o:p></o:p></span></div><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="font-family: 'Bookman Old Style', serif; font-size: 10.5pt;">Managers can estimate the time durations for the different tasks in several ways. One possibility is that they can empirically assign durations to different tasks. This however is not a good idea, because software engineers often resent such unilateral decisions. A possible alternative is to let engineer himself estimate the time for an activity he can assigned to. However, some managers prefer to estimate the time for various activities themselves. Many managers believe that an aggressive schedule motivates the engineers to do a better and faster job. However, careful experiments have shown that unrealistically aggressive schedules not only cause engineers to compromise on intangible quality aspects, but also are a cause for schedule delays. A good way to achieve accurately in estimation of the task durations without creating undue schedule pressures is to have people set their own schedules.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="font-family: 'Bookman Old Style', serif; font-size: 10.5pt;">A <b><i>critical task</i></b> is one with a zero slack time. A path from the start node to the finish node containing only critical tasks is called a <b><i>critical path</i></b>. A critical path is the chain of activities that determines the duration of the project.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 9.0pt; mso-list: l39 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: -9.0pt 0in list 9.0pt .25in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><b><span style="font-family: "Bookman Old Style","serif"; font-size: 10.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Bookman Old Style"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Bookman Old Style";">55.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></b><!--[endif]--><b><span style="font-family: "Bookman Old Style","serif"; font-size: 10.5pt;">Q: For the activity diagram shown as in figure 3.8, use the CPM to find out the critical path?<o:p></o:p></span></b></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: -9.0pt; tab-stops: -9.0pt 0in; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><b>Answer:</b><span style="font-family: 'Bookman Old Style', serif; font-size: 10.5pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: -9.0pt; tab-stops: -9.0pt 0in; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="font-family: 'Bookman Old Style', serif; font-size: 10.5pt;">From the activity network representation following analysis can be made. The minimum time (<b>MT</b>) to complete the project is the <b><i>maximum of all paths from start to finish</i></b>. The earliest start (<b>ES</b>) time of a task is the <b><i>maximum of all paths from the start to the task.</i></b> The latest start time (<b>LS</b>) is the <b><i>difference between MT and the maximum of all paths from this task to the finish</i></b>. The earliest finish time (<b><i>EF</i></b>) of a task is the <b><i>sum of the earliest start time of the task and the duration of the task</i></b>. The latest finish (<b>LF)</b> time of a task can be obtained by <b><i>subtracting maximum of all paths from this task to finish from MT</i></b>. The slack time (<b>ST</b>) is (<b><i>LF – EF</i></b>) and equivalently can be written as (<b><i>LS – ES)</i></b>. The slack time (or float time) is the total time that a task may be delayed before it will affect the end time of the project. The slack time indicates the “flexibility” in starting and completion of tasks. <b><i>A critical task is one with a zero slack time.</i></b> A path from the start node to the finish node containing only critical tasks is called a critical path. These parameters for different tasks for the MIS problem are shown in the following table. So,<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: -9.0pt; tab-stops: -9.0pt 0in; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><br />
</div><table border="1" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="MsoNormalTable" style="border-bottom-style: none; border-collapse: collapse; border-color: initial; border-image: initial; border-left-style: none; border-right-style: none; border-top-style: none; border-width: initial; margin-left: 59.4pt; width: 456px;"><tbody>
<tr style="height: 8.3pt; mso-yfti-firstrow: yes; mso-yfti-irow: 0;"> <td style="border: double black 2.25pt; height: 8.3pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 1.75in;" valign="top" width="168"> <div class="MsoNormal" style="mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="font-family: 'Bookman Old Style', serif; font-size: 10.5pt;">Task <o:p></o:p></span></div></td> <td style="border-left: none; border: double black 2.25pt; height: 8.3pt; mso-border-left-alt: double black 2.25pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 45.0pt;" valign="top" width="60"> <div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: center; text-autospace: none;"><b><span style="font-family: 'Bookman Old Style', serif; font-size: 10.5pt;">ES </span></b><span style="font-family: 'Bookman Old Style', serif; font-size: 10.5pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> <td style="border-left: none; border: double black 2.25pt; height: 8.3pt; mso-border-left-alt: double black 2.25pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 45.0pt;" valign="top" width="60"> <div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: center; text-autospace: none;"><b><span style="font-family: 'Bookman Old Style', serif; font-size: 10.5pt;">EF </span></b><span style="font-family: 'Bookman Old Style', serif; font-size: 10.5pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> <td style="border-left: none; border: double black 2.25pt; height: 8.3pt; mso-border-left-alt: double black 2.25pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 45.0pt;" valign="top" width="60"> <div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: center; text-autospace: none;"><b><span style="font-family: 'Bookman Old Style', serif; font-size: 10.5pt;">LS </span></b><span style="font-family: 'Bookman Old Style', serif; font-size: 10.5pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> <td style="border-left: none; border: double black 2.25pt; height: 8.3pt; mso-border-left-alt: double black 2.25pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 36.65pt;" valign="top" width="49"> <div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: center; text-autospace: none;"><b><span style="font-family: 'Bookman Old Style', serif; font-size: 10.5pt;">LF </span></b><span style="font-family: 'Bookman Old Style', serif; font-size: 10.5pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> <td style="border-left: none; border: double black 2.25pt; height: 8.3pt; mso-border-left-alt: double black 2.25pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 44.35pt;" valign="top" width="59"> <div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: center; text-autospace: none;"><b><span style="font-family: 'Bookman Old Style', serif; font-size: 10.5pt;">ST </span></b><span style="font-family: 'Bookman Old Style', serif; font-size: 10.5pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
<tr style="height: 7.95pt; mso-yfti-irow: 1;"> <td style="border-top: none; border: double black 2.25pt; height: 7.95pt; mso-border-top-alt: double black 2.25pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 1.75in;" valign="top" width="168"> <div class="MsoNormal" style="mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="font-family: 'Bookman Old Style', serif; font-size: 10.5pt;">Specification <o:p></o:p></span></div></td> <td style="border-bottom: double black 2.25pt; border-left: none; border-right: double black 2.25pt; border-top: none; height: 7.95pt; mso-border-left-alt: double black 2.25pt; mso-border-top-alt: double black 2.25pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 45.0pt;" valign="top" width="60"> <div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: center; text-autospace: none;"><span style="font-family: 'Bookman Old Style', serif; font-size: 10.5pt;">0<o:p></o:p></span></div></td> <td style="border-bottom: double black 2.25pt; border-left: none; border-right: double black 2.25pt; border-top: none; height: 7.95pt; mso-border-left-alt: double black 2.25pt; mso-border-top-alt: double black 2.25pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 45.0pt;" valign="top" width="60"> <div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: center; text-autospace: none;"><span style="font-family: 'Bookman Old Style', serif; font-size: 10.5pt;">15<o:p></o:p></span></div></td> <td style="border-bottom: double black 2.25pt; border-left: none; border-right: double black 2.25pt; border-top: none; height: 7.95pt; mso-border-left-alt: double black 2.25pt; mso-border-top-alt: double black 2.25pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 45.0pt;" valign="top" width="60"> <div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: center; text-autospace: none;"><span style="font-family: 'Bookman Old Style', serif; font-size: 10.5pt;">0<o:p></o:p></span></div></td> <td style="border-bottom: double black 2.25pt; border-left: none; border-right: double black 2.25pt; border-top: none; height: 7.95pt; mso-border-left-alt: double black 2.25pt; mso-border-top-alt: double black 2.25pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 36.65pt;" valign="top" width="49"> <div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: center; text-autospace: none;"><span style="font-family: 'Bookman Old Style', serif; font-size: 10.5pt;">15<o:p></o:p></span></div></td> <td style="border-bottom: double black 2.25pt; border-left: none; border-right: double black 2.25pt; border-top: none; height: 7.95pt; mso-border-left-alt: double black 2.25pt; mso-border-top-alt: double black 2.25pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 44.35pt;" valign="top" width="59"> <div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: center; text-autospace: none;"><span style="font-family: 'Bookman Old Style', serif; font-size: 10.5pt;">0<o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
<tr style="height: 7.95pt; mso-yfti-irow: 2;"> <td style="border-top: none; border: double black 2.25pt; height: 7.95pt; mso-border-top-alt: double black 2.25pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 1.75in;" valign="top" width="168"> <div class="MsoNormal" style="mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="font-family: 'Bookman Old Style', serif; font-size: 10.5pt;">Design database <o:p></o:p></span></div></td> <td style="border-bottom: double black 2.25pt; border-left: none; border-right: double black 2.25pt; border-top: none; height: 7.95pt; mso-border-left-alt: double black 2.25pt; mso-border-top-alt: double black 2.25pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 45.0pt;" valign="top" width="60"> <div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: center; text-autospace: none;"><span style="font-family: 'Bookman Old Style', serif; font-size: 10.5pt;">15<o:p></o:p></span></div></td> <td style="border-bottom: double black 2.25pt; border-left: none; border-right: double black 2.25pt; border-top: none; height: 7.95pt; mso-border-left-alt: double black 2.25pt; mso-border-top-alt: double black 2.25pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 45.0pt;" valign="top" width="60"> <div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: center; text-autospace: none;"><span style="font-family: 'Bookman Old Style', serif; font-size: 10.5pt;">60<o:p></o:p></span></div></td> <td style="border-bottom: double black 2.25pt; border-left: none; border-right: double black 2.25pt; border-top: none; height: 7.95pt; mso-border-left-alt: double black 2.25pt; mso-border-top-alt: double black 2.25pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 45.0pt;" valign="top" width="60"> <div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: center; text-autospace: none;"><span style="font-family: 'Bookman Old Style', serif; font-size: 10.5pt;">15<o:p></o:p></span></div></td> <td style="border-bottom: double black 2.25pt; border-left: none; border-right: double black 2.25pt; border-top: none; height: 7.95pt; mso-border-left-alt: double black 2.25pt; mso-border-top-alt: double black 2.25pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 36.65pt;" valign="top" width="49"> <div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: center; text-autospace: none;"><span style="font-family: 'Bookman Old Style', serif; font-size: 10.5pt;">60<o:p></o:p></span></div></td> <td style="border-bottom: double black 2.25pt; border-left: none; border-right: double black 2.25pt; border-top: none; height: 7.95pt; mso-border-left-alt: double black 2.25pt; mso-border-top-alt: double black 2.25pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 44.35pt;" valign="top" width="59"> <div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: center; text-autospace: none;"><span style="font-family: 'Bookman Old Style', serif; font-size: 10.5pt;">0<o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
<tr style="height: 7.95pt; mso-yfti-irow: 3;"> <td style="border-top: none; border: double black 2.25pt; height: 7.95pt; mso-border-top-alt: double black 2.25pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 1.75in;" valign="top" width="168"> <div class="MsoNormal" style="mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="font-family: 'Bookman Old Style', serif; font-size: 10.5pt;">Design GUI part <o:p></o:p></span></div></td> <td style="border-bottom: double black 2.25pt; border-left: none; border-right: double black 2.25pt; border-top: none; height: 7.95pt; mso-border-left-alt: double black 2.25pt; mso-border-top-alt: double black 2.25pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 45.0pt;" valign="top" width="60"> <div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: center; text-autospace: none;"><span style="font-family: 'Bookman Old Style', serif; font-size: 10.5pt;">15<o:p></o:p></span></div></td> <td style="border-bottom: double black 2.25pt; border-left: none; border-right: double black 2.25pt; border-top: none; height: 7.95pt; mso-border-left-alt: double black 2.25pt; mso-border-top-alt: double black 2.25pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 45.0pt;" valign="top" width="60"> <div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: center; text-autospace: none;"><span style="font-family: 'Bookman Old Style', serif; font-size: 10.5pt;">45<o:p></o:p></span></div></td> <td style="border-bottom: double black 2.25pt; border-left: none; border-right: double black 2.25pt; border-top: none; height: 7.95pt; mso-border-left-alt: double black 2.25pt; mso-border-top-alt: double black 2.25pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 45.0pt;" valign="top" width="60"> <div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: center; text-autospace: none;"><span style="font-family: 'Bookman Old Style', serif; font-size: 10.5pt;">90<o:p></o:p></span></div></td> <td style="border-bottom: double black 2.25pt; border-left: none; border-right: double black 2.25pt; border-top: none; height: 7.95pt; mso-border-left-alt: double black 2.25pt; mso-border-top-alt: double black 2.25pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 36.65pt;" valign="top" width="49"> <div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: center; text-autospace: none;"><span style="font-family: 'Bookman Old Style', serif; font-size: 10.5pt;">120<o:p></o:p></span></div></td> <td style="border-bottom: double black 2.25pt; border-left: none; border-right: double black 2.25pt; border-top: none; height: 7.95pt; mso-border-left-alt: double black 2.25pt; mso-border-top-alt: double black 2.25pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 44.35pt;" valign="top" width="59"> <div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: center; text-autospace: none;"><span style="font-family: 'Bookman Old Style', serif; font-size: 10.5pt;">75<o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
<tr style="height: 7.95pt; mso-yfti-irow: 4;"> <td style="border-top: none; border: double black 2.25pt; height: 7.95pt; mso-border-top-alt: double black 2.25pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 1.75in;" valign="top" width="168"> <div class="MsoNormal" style="mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="font-family: 'Bookman Old Style', serif; font-size: 10.5pt;">Code database <o:p></o:p></span></div></td> <td style="border-bottom: double black 2.25pt; border-left: none; border-right: double black 2.25pt; border-top: none; height: 7.95pt; mso-border-left-alt: double black 2.25pt; mso-border-top-alt: double black 2.25pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 45.0pt;" valign="top" width="60"> <div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: center; text-autospace: none;"><span style="font-family: 'Bookman Old Style', serif; font-size: 10.5pt;">60<o:p></o:p></span></div></td> <td style="border-bottom: double black 2.25pt; border-left: none; border-right: double black 2.25pt; border-top: none; height: 7.95pt; mso-border-left-alt: double black 2.25pt; mso-border-top-alt: double black 2.25pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 45.0pt;" valign="top" width="60"> <div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: center; text-autospace: none;"><span style="font-family: 'Bookman Old Style', serif; font-size: 10.5pt;">165<o:p></o:p></span></div></td> <td style="border-bottom: double black 2.25pt; border-left: none; border-right: double black 2.25pt; border-top: none; height: 7.95pt; mso-border-left-alt: double black 2.25pt; mso-border-top-alt: double black 2.25pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 45.0pt;" valign="top" width="60"> <div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: center; text-autospace: none;"><span style="font-family: 'Bookman Old Style', serif; font-size: 10.5pt;">60<o:p></o:p></span></div></td> <td style="border-bottom: double black 2.25pt; border-left: none; border-right: double black 2.25pt; border-top: none; height: 7.95pt; mso-border-left-alt: double black 2.25pt; mso-border-top-alt: double black 2.25pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 36.65pt;" valign="top" width="49"> <div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: center; text-autospace: none;"><span style="font-family: 'Bookman Old Style', serif; font-size: 10.5pt;">165<o:p></o:p></span></div></td> <td style="border-bottom: double black 2.25pt; border-left: none; border-right: double black 2.25pt; border-top: none; height: 7.95pt; mso-border-left-alt: double black 2.25pt; mso-border-top-alt: double black 2.25pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 44.35pt;" valign="top" width="59"> <div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: center; text-autospace: none;"><span style="font-family: 'Bookman Old Style', serif; font-size: 10.5pt;">0<o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
<tr style="height: 7.95pt; mso-yfti-irow: 5;"> <td style="border-top: none; border: double black 2.25pt; height: 7.95pt; mso-border-top-alt: double black 2.25pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 1.75in;" valign="top" width="168"> <div class="MsoNormal" style="mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="font-family: 'Bookman Old Style', serif; font-size: 10.5pt;">Code GUI part <o:p></o:p></span></div></td> <td style="border-bottom: double black 2.25pt; border-left: none; border-right: double black 2.25pt; border-top: none; height: 7.95pt; mso-border-left-alt: double black 2.25pt; mso-border-top-alt: double black 2.25pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 45.0pt;" valign="top" width="60"> <div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: center; text-autospace: none;"><span style="font-family: 'Bookman Old Style', serif; font-size: 10.5pt;">45<o:p></o:p></span></div></td> <td style="border-bottom: double black 2.25pt; border-left: none; border-right: double black 2.25pt; border-top: none; height: 7.95pt; mso-border-left-alt: double black 2.25pt; mso-border-top-alt: double black 2.25pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 45.0pt;" valign="top" width="60"> <div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: center; text-autospace: none;"><span style="font-family: 'Bookman Old Style', serif; font-size: 10.5pt;">90<o:p></o:p></span></div></td> <td style="border-bottom: double black 2.25pt; border-left: none; border-right: double black 2.25pt; border-top: none; height: 7.95pt; mso-border-left-alt: double black 2.25pt; mso-border-top-alt: double black 2.25pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 45.0pt;" valign="top" width="60"> <div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: center; text-autospace: none;"><span style="font-family: 'Bookman Old Style', serif; font-size: 10.5pt;">120<o:p></o:p></span></div></td> <td style="border-bottom: double black 2.25pt; border-left: none; border-right: double black 2.25pt; border-top: none; height: 7.95pt; mso-border-left-alt: double black 2.25pt; mso-border-top-alt: double black 2.25pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 36.65pt;" valign="top" width="49"> <div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: center; text-autospace: none;"><span style="font-family: 'Bookman Old Style', serif; font-size: 10.5pt;">165<o:p></o:p></span></div></td> <td style="border-bottom: double black 2.25pt; border-left: none; border-right: double black 2.25pt; border-top: none; height: 7.95pt; mso-border-left-alt: double black 2.25pt; mso-border-top-alt: double black 2.25pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 44.35pt;" valign="top" width="59"> <div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: center; text-autospace: none;"><span style="font-family: 'Bookman Old Style', serif; font-size: 10.5pt;">75<o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
<tr style="height: 7.95pt; mso-yfti-irow: 6;"> <td style="border-top: none; border: double black 2.25pt; height: 7.95pt; mso-border-top-alt: double black 2.25pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 1.75in;" valign="top" width="168"> <div class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: 'Bookman Old Style', serif; font-size: 10.5pt;">Integrate and test <o:p></o:p></span></div></td> <td style="border-bottom: double black 2.25pt; border-left: none; border-right: double black 2.25pt; border-top: none; height: 7.95pt; mso-border-left-alt: double black 2.25pt; mso-border-top-alt: double black 2.25pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 45.0pt;" valign="top" width="60"> <div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: 'Bookman Old Style', serif; font-size: 10.5pt;">165<o:p></o:p></span></div></td> <td style="border-bottom: double black 2.25pt; border-left: none; border-right: double black 2.25pt; border-top: none; height: 7.95pt; mso-border-left-alt: double black 2.25pt; mso-border-top-alt: double black 2.25pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 45.0pt;" valign="top" width="60"> <div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: 'Bookman Old Style', serif; font-size: 10.5pt;">285<o:p></o:p></span></div></td> <td style="border-bottom: double black 2.25pt; border-left: none; border-right: double black 2.25pt; border-top: none; height: 7.95pt; mso-border-left-alt: double black 2.25pt; mso-border-top-alt: double black 2.25pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 45.0pt;" valign="top" width="60"> <div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: 'Bookman Old Style', serif; font-size: 10.5pt;">165<o:p></o:p></span></div></td> <td style="border-bottom: double black 2.25pt; border-left: none; border-right: double black 2.25pt; border-top: none; height: 7.95pt; mso-border-left-alt: double black 2.25pt; mso-border-top-alt: double black 2.25pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 36.65pt;" valign="top" width="49"> <div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: 'Bookman Old Style', serif; font-size: 10.5pt;">285<o:p></o:p></span></div></td> <td style="border-bottom: double black 2.25pt; border-left: none; border-right: double black 2.25pt; border-top: none; height: 7.95pt; mso-border-left-alt: double black 2.25pt; mso-border-top-alt: double black 2.25pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 44.35pt;" valign="top" width="59"> <div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: 'Bookman Old Style', serif; font-size: 10.5pt;">0<o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
<tr style="height: 7.95pt; mso-yfti-irow: 7; mso-yfti-lastrow: yes;"> <td style="border-top: none; border: double black 2.25pt; height: 7.95pt; mso-border-top-alt: double black 2.25pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 1.75in;" valign="top" width="168"> <div class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: 'Bookman Old Style', serif; font-size: 10.5pt;">Write user manual <o:p></o:p></span></div></td> <td style="border-bottom: double black 2.25pt; border-left: none; border-right: double black 2.25pt; border-top: none; height: 7.95pt; mso-border-left-alt: double black 2.25pt; mso-border-top-alt: double black 2.25pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 45.0pt;" valign="top" width="60"> <div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: 'Bookman Old Style', serif; font-size: 10.5pt;">15<o:p></o:p></span></div></td> <td style="border-bottom: double black 2.25pt; border-left: none; border-right: double black 2.25pt; border-top: none; height: 7.95pt; mso-border-left-alt: double black 2.25pt; mso-border-top-alt: double black 2.25pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 45.0pt;" valign="top" width="60"> <div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: 'Bookman Old Style', serif; font-size: 10.5pt;">75<o:p></o:p></span></div></td> <td style="border-bottom: double black 2.25pt; border-left: none; border-right: double black 2.25pt; border-top: none; height: 7.95pt; mso-border-left-alt: double black 2.25pt; mso-border-top-alt: double black 2.25pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 45.0pt;" valign="top" width="60"> <div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: 'Bookman Old Style', serif; font-size: 10.5pt;">225<o:p></o:p></span></div></td> <td style="border-bottom: double black 2.25pt; border-left: none; border-right: double black 2.25pt; border-top: none; height: 7.95pt; mso-border-left-alt: double black 2.25pt; mso-border-top-alt: double black 2.25pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 36.65pt;" valign="top" width="49"> <div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: 'Bookman Old Style', serif; font-size: 10.5pt;">285<o:p></o:p></span></div></td> <td style="border-bottom: double black 2.25pt; border-left: none; border-right: double black 2.25pt; border-top: none; height: 7.95pt; mso-border-left-alt: double black 2.25pt; mso-border-top-alt: double black 2.25pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 44.35pt;" valign="top" width="59"> <div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: 'Bookman Old Style', serif; font-size: 10.5pt;">210<o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
</tbody></table><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: -9.0pt; tab-stops: -9.0pt 0in; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: -9.0pt; tab-stops: -9.0pt 0in; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="font-family: 'Bookman Old Style', serif; font-size: 10.5pt;">So, the critical path is represented by the dark line in the fig. <o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: -9.0pt; tab-stops: -9.0pt 0in; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 9.0pt; mso-list: l39 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: -9.0pt 0in list 9.0pt .25in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><b><span style="font-family: "Bookman Old Style","serif"; font-size: 10.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Bookman Old Style"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Bookman Old Style";">56.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></b><!--[endif]--><b><span style="font-family: "Bookman Old Style","serif"; font-size: 10.5pt;">Q: What is Grantt Chart? Draw the Grantt Chart for the above network Activity Diagram as shown in the figure 3.8?<o:p></o:p></span></b></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: -9.0pt; tab-stops: -9.0pt 0in; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><b>Answer:</b><span style="font-family: 'Bookman Old Style', serif; font-size: 10.5pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: -9.0pt; tab-stops: -9.0pt 0in; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="font-family: 'Bookman Old Style', serif; font-size: 10.5pt;">Gantt charts are mainly used to allocate resources to activities. The resources allocated to activities include staff, hardware, and software. A Gantt chart is a special type of bar chart where each bar represents an activity. The bars are drawn along a time line. The length of each bar is proportional to the duration of time planned for the corresponding activity. </span><span style="font-family: 'Bookman Old Style', serif; font-size: 10.5pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: -9.0pt; tab-stops: -9.0pt 0in; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="font-family: 'Bookman Old Style', serif; font-size: 10.5pt;">Gantt charts are used in software project management are actually an enhanced version of the standard Gantt charts. In the Gantt charts used for software project management, each bar consists of a white part and a shaded part. The shaded part of the bar shows the length of time each task is estimated to take. The white part shows the slack time, that is, the latest time by which a task must be finished.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: -9.0pt; tab-stops: -9.0pt 0in; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="font-family: 'Bookman Old Style', serif; font-size: 10.5pt;">The Grantt Chart for the activity network diagram in fig 3.8 is as below:<o:p></o:p></span></div><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: -9.0pt; tab-stops: -9.0pt 0in; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: 'Bookman Old Style', serif; font-size: 10.5pt;"><!--[if gte vml 1]><v:shape id="_x0000_i1045" type="#_x0000_t75"
style='width:450pt;height:389.25pt'> <v:imagedata src="file:///C:\DOCUME~1\manikant\LOCALS~1\Temp\msohtmlclip1\01\clip_image038.png"
o:title=""/> </v:shape><![endif]--><!--[if !vml]--><img height="519" src="file:///C:/DOCUME~1/manikant/LOCALS~1/Temp/msohtmlclip1/01/clip_image039.jpg" v:shapes="_x0000_i1045" width="600" /><!--[endif]--><o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: -9.0pt; tab-stops: -9.0pt 0in; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 9.0pt; mso-list: l39 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: -9.0pt 0in list 9.0pt .25in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><b><span style="font-family: "Bookman Old Style","serif"; font-size: 10.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Bookman Old Style"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Bookman Old Style";">57.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></b><!--[endif]--><b><span style="font-family: "Bookman Old Style","serif"; font-size: 10.5pt;">Q: What is PERT Chart? Why it is used?<o:p></o:p></span></b></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: -9.0pt; tab-stops: -9.0pt 0in; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><b>Answer:</b><span style="font-family: 'Bookman Old Style', serif; font-size: 10.5pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="font-family: 'Bookman Old Style', serif; font-size: 10.5pt;">PERT (Project Evaluation and Review Technique) charts consist of a network of boxes and arrows. The boxes represent activities and the arrows represent task dependencies. PERT chart represents the statistical variations in the project estimates assuming a normal distribution. Thus, in a PERT chart instead of making a single estimate for each task, pessimistic, likely, and optimistic estimates are made. The boxes of PERT charts are usually annotated with the pessimistic, likely, and optimistic estimates for every task. Since all possible completion times between the minimum and maximum duration for every task has to be considered, there are not one but many critical paths, depending on the permutations of the estimates for each task. This makes critical path analysis in PERT charts very complex. A critical path in a PERT chart is shown by using thicker arrows. The PERT chart representation of the MIS problem of fig. 11.8 is shown in fig. 11.10. PERT charts are a more sophisticated form of activity chart. In activity diagrams only the estimated task durations are represented. Since, the actual durations might vary from the estimated durations, the utility of the activity diagrams are limited. <o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="font-family: 'Bookman Old Style', serif; font-size: 10.5pt;">Gantt chart representation of a project schedule is helpful in planning the utilization of resources, while PERT chart is useful for monitoring the timely progress of activities. Also, it is easier to identify parallel activities in a project using a PERT chart. Project managers need to identify the parallel activities in a project for assignment to different engineers. <o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><b><span style="font-family: 'Bookman Old Style', serif; font-size: 10.5pt;">Fig. 11.10:<o:p></o:p></span></b></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><br />
</div><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Bookman Old Style","serif"; font-size: 10.5pt;"><!--[if gte vml 1]><v:shape
id="_x0000_i1046" type="#_x0000_t75" style='width:450pt;height:306.75pt'> <v:imagedata src="file:///C:\DOCUME~1\manikant\LOCALS~1\Temp\msohtmlclip1\01\clip_image040.emz"
o:title=""/> </v:shape><![endif]--><!--[if !vml]--><img height="409" src="file:///C:/DOCUME~1/manikant/LOCALS~1/Temp/msohtmlclip1/01/clip_image041.gif" v:shapes="_x0000_i1046" width="600" /><!--[endif]--><o:p></o:p></span></div><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><br />
</div><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 9.0pt; mso-list: l39 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: -9.0pt 0in list 9.0pt .25in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><b><span style="font-family: "Bookman Old Style","serif"; font-size: 10.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Bookman Old Style"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Bookman Old Style";">58.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></b><!--[endif]--><b><span style="font-family: "Bookman Old Style","serif"; font-size: 10.5pt;">Q: What do you mean by Organization Structure? What are Different Organizational Formats? Differentiate them.<o:p></o:p></span></b></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: -9.0pt; tab-stops: -9.0pt 0in; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><b><span style="font-family: "Bookman Old Style","serif"; font-size: 10.5pt;"> Or<o:p></o:p></span></b></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: -9.0pt; tab-stops: -9.0pt 0in; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><b><span style="font-family: "Bookman Old Style","serif"; font-size: 10.5pt;">What do you mean by Functional Format and Project Format?? Differentiate them.<o:p></o:p></span></b></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: -9.0pt; tab-stops: -9.0pt 0in; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><b>Answer:</b><span style="font-family: 'Bookman Old Style', serif; font-size: 10.5pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: -9.0pt; tab-stops: -9.0pt 0in; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="font-family: "Bookman Old Style","serif"; font-size: 10.5pt;">Usually every software development organization handles several projects at any time. Software organizations assign different teams of engineers to handle different software projects. Each type of organization structure has its own advantages and disadvantages so the issue “how is the organization as a whole structured?” must be taken into consideration so that each software project can be finished before its deadline.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: -9.0pt; tab-stops: -9.0pt 0in; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: -9.0pt; tab-stops: -9.0pt 0in; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><b><span style="font-family: 'Bookman Old Style', serif; font-size: 10.5pt;">Functional format vs. project format </span></b><b><span style="font-family: "Bookman Old Style","serif"; font-size: 10.5pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></b></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: -9.0pt; tab-stops: -9.0pt 0in; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="font-family: 'Bookman Old Style', serif; font-size: 10.5pt;">There are essentially two broad ways in which a software development organization can be structured: functional format and project format. In the project format, the project development staff are divided based on the project for which they work (as shown in fig. 12.1). In the functional format, the development staff are divided based on the functional group to which they belong. The different projects borrow engineers from the required functional groups for specific phases to be undertaken in the project and return them to the functional group upon the completion of the phase.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: -9.0pt; tab-stops: -9.0pt 0in; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: 'Bookman Old Style', serif; font-size: 10.5pt;"><!--[if gte vml 1]><v:shape id="_x0000_i1047"
type="#_x0000_t75" style='width:249pt;height:231pt'> <v:imagedata src="file:///C:\DOCUME~1\manikant\LOCALS~1\Temp\msohtmlclip1\01\clip_image042.emz"
o:title=""/> </v:shape><![endif]--><!--[if !vml]--><img height="308" src="file:///C:/DOCUME~1/manikant/LOCALS~1/Temp/msohtmlclip1/01/clip_image043.gif" v:shapes="_x0000_i1047" width="332" /><!--[endif]--><o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: -9.0pt; tab-stops: -9.0pt 0in; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: -9.0pt; tab-stops: -9.0pt 0in; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="font-family: "Bookman Old Style","serif"; font-size: 10.5pt;">In the functional format, different teams of programmers perform different phases of a project. For example, one team might do the requirements specification, another do the design, and so on. The partially completed product passes from one team to another as the project evolves. Therefore, the functional format requires considerable communication among the different teams because the work of one team must be clearly understood by the subsequent teams working on the project. This requires good quality documentation to be produced after every activity.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: -9.0pt; tab-stops: -9.0pt 0in; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><br />
</div><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: -9.0pt; tab-stops: -9.0pt 0in; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Bookman Old Style","serif"; font-size: 10.5pt;"><!--[if gte vml 1]><v:shape
id="_x0000_i1048" type="#_x0000_t75" style='width:315pt;height:295.5pt'> <v:imagedata src="file:///C:\DOCUME~1\manikant\LOCALS~1\Temp\msohtmlclip1\01\clip_image044.emz"
o:title=""/> </v:shape><![endif]--><!--[if !vml]--><img height="394" src="file:///C:/DOCUME~1/manikant/LOCALS~1/Temp/msohtmlclip1/01/clip_image045.gif" v:shapes="_x0000_i1048" width="420" /><!--[endif]--><o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: -9.0pt; tab-stops: -9.0pt 0in; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="font-family: "Bookman Old Style","serif"; font-size: 10.5pt;">In the project format, a set of engineers is assigned to the project at the start of the project and they remain with the project till the completion of the project. Thus, the same team carries out all the life cycle activities. Obviously, the functional format requires more communication among teams than the project format, because one team must understand the work done by the previous teams.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: -9.0pt; tab-stops: -9.0pt 0in; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: -9.0pt; tab-stops: -9.0pt 0in; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><b><span style="font-family: 'Bookman Old Style', serif; font-size: 10.5pt;">Advantages of functional organization over project organization </span></b><b><span style="font-family: "Bookman Old Style","serif"; font-size: 10.5pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></b></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="font-family: 'Bookman Old Style', serif; font-size: 10.5pt;">Even though greater communication among the team members may appear as an avoidable overhead, the functional format has many advantages. The main advantages of a functional organization are: <o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .75in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-indent: -.25in; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="font-family: 'Bookman Old Style', serif; font-size: 10.5pt;">• Ease of staffing <o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .75in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-indent: -.25in; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="font-family: 'Bookman Old Style', serif; font-size: 10.5pt;">• Production of good quality documents <o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .75in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-indent: -.25in; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="font-family: 'Bookman Old Style', serif; font-size: 10.5pt;">• Job specialization <o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .75in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-indent: -.25in; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="font-family: 'Bookman Old Style', serif; font-size: 10.5pt;">• Efficient handling of the problems associated with manpower turnover</span><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11.5pt;">. <o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: -9.0pt; tab-stops: -9.0pt 0in; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: -9.0pt; tab-stops: -9.0pt 0in; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 9.0pt; mso-list: l39 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: -9.0pt 0in list 9.0pt .25in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><b><span style="font-family: "Bookman Old Style","serif"; font-size: 10.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Bookman Old Style"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Bookman Old Style";">59.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></b><!--[endif]--><b><span style="font-family: "Bookman Old Style","serif"; font-size: 10.5pt;">Q: What do you mean by Team Structure? What are Different Team Formats? Differentiate them.<o:p></o:p></span></b></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: -9.0pt; tab-stops: -9.0pt 0in; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><b><span style="font-family: "Bookman Old Style","serif"; font-size: 10.5pt;"> Or<o:p></o:p></span></b></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: -9.0pt; tab-stops: -9.0pt 0in; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><b><span style="font-family: "Bookman Old Style","serif"; font-size: 10.5pt;">What do you mean by Democratic and Mixed Team Structrure? Differentiate them.<o:p></o:p></span></b></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: -9.0pt; tab-stops: -9.0pt 0in; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><b>Answer:</b><span style="font-family: 'Bookman Old Style', serif; font-size: 10.5pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: -9.35pt; tab-stops: -9.0pt 0in; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="font-family: "Bookman Old Style","serif"; font-size: 10.5pt;">Team structure addresses the issue of organization of the individual project teams. There are some possible ways in which the individual project teams can be organized. There are mainly three formal team structures: chief programmer, democratic, and the mixed team organizations although several other variations to these structures are possible. Problems of different complexities and sizes often require different team structures for chief solution.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: -9.35pt; tab-stops: -9.0pt 0in; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: -9.35pt; tab-stops: -9.0pt 0in; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><b><span style="font-family: 'Bookman Old Style', serif; font-size: 10.5pt;">Chief Programmer Team </span></b><span style="font-family: "Bookman Old Style","serif"; font-size: 10.5pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: -9.35pt; tab-stops: -9.0pt 0in; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="font-family: 'Bookman Old Style', serif; font-size: 10.5pt;">In this team organization, a senior engineer provides the technical leadership and is designated as the chief programmer. The chief programmer partitions the task into small activities and assigns them to the team members. He also verifies and integrates the products developed by different team members. The structure of the chief programmer team is shown in fig. 12.2. The chief programmer provides an authority, and this structure is arguably more efficient than the democratic team for well-understood problems. However, the chief programmer team leads to lower team morale, since team-members work under the constant supervision of the chief programmer. This also inhibits their original thinking. The chief programmer team is subject to single point failure since too much responsibility and authority is assigned to the chief programmer.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: -9.0pt; tab-stops: -9.0pt 0in; text-align: center;"><!--[if gte vml 1]><v:shape id="_x0000_i1049" type="#_x0000_t75"
style='width:297pt;height:244.5pt'> <v:imagedata src="file:///C:\DOCUME~1\manikant\LOCALS~1\Temp\msohtmlclip1\01\clip_image046.emz"
o:title=""/> </v:shape><![endif]--><!--[if !vml]--><img height="326" src="file:///C:/DOCUME~1/manikant/LOCALS~1/Temp/msohtmlclip1/01/clip_image047.gif" v:shapes="_x0000_i1049" width="396" /><!--[endif]--></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: -9.0pt; tab-stops: -9.0pt 0in; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="font-family: 'Bookman Old Style', serif; font-size: 10.5pt;">The chief programmer team is probably the most efficient way of completing simple and small projects since the chief programmer can work out a satisfactory design and ask the programmers to code different modules of his design solution. For example, suppose an organization has successfully completed many simple MIS projects. Then, for a similar MIS project, chief programmer team structure can be adopted. The chief programmer team structure works well when the task is within the intellectual grasp of a single individual. However, even for simple and well-understood problems, an organization must be selective in adopting the chief programmer structure. The chief programmer team structure should not be used unless the importance of early project completion outweighs other factors such as team morale, personal developments, life-cycle cost etc. <b>Democratic Team </b><o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: -9.0pt; tab-stops: -9.0pt 0in; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="font-family: 'Bookman Old Style', serif; font-size: 10.5pt;">The democratic team structure, as the name implies, does not enforce any formal team hierarchy (as shown in fig. 12.3). Typically, a manager provides the administrative leadership. At different times, different members of the group provide technical leadership. </span><span style="font-family: "Bookman Old Style","serif"; font-size: 10.5pt;">The democratic organization leads to higher morale and job satisfaction. Consequently, it suffers from less man-power turnover. Also, democratic team structure is appropriate for less understood problems, since a group of engineers can invent better solutions than a single individual as in a chief programmer team. A democratic team structure is suitable for projects requiring less than five or six engineers and for research-oriented projects. For large sized projects, a pure democratic organization tends to become chaotic. The democratic team organization encourages egoless programming as programmers can share and review one another’s work.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: -9.0pt; tab-stops: -9.0pt 0in; text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: 11.5pt;"><!--[if gte vml 1]><v:shape
id="_x0000_i1050" type="#_x0000_t75" style='width:369pt;height:240.75pt'> <v:imagedata src="file:///C:\DOCUME~1\manikant\LOCALS~1\Temp\msohtmlclip1\01\clip_image048.emz"
o:title=""/> </v:shape><![endif]--><!--[if !vml]--><img height="321" src="file:///C:/DOCUME~1/manikant/LOCALS~1/Temp/msohtmlclip1/01/clip_image049.gif" v:shapes="_x0000_i1050" width="492" /><!--[endif]--><o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: -9.0pt; tab-stops: -9.0pt 0in; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><br />
</div><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: -9.0pt; tab-stops: -9.0pt 0in; text-align: center;"><b><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11.5pt;"><!--[if gte vml 1]><v:shape id="_x0000_i1051" type="#_x0000_t75"
style='width:371.25pt;height:351pt'> <v:imagedata src="file:///C:\DOCUME~1\manikant\LOCALS~1\Temp\msohtmlclip1\01\clip_image050.emz"
o:title=""/> </v:shape><![endif]--><!--[if !vml]--><img height="468" src="file:///C:/DOCUME~1/manikant/LOCALS~1/Temp/msohtmlclip1/01/clip_image051.gif" v:shapes="_x0000_i1051" width="495" /><!--[endif]--><o:p></o:p></span></b></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: -9.0pt; tab-stops: -9.0pt 0in; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: -9.0pt; tab-stops: -9.0pt 0in; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><b><span style="font-family: 'Bookman Old Style', serif; font-size: 10.5pt;">Mixed Control Team Organization </span></b><span style="font-family: "Bookman Old Style","serif"; font-size: 10.5pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: -9.0pt; tab-stops: -9.0pt 0in; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="font-family: 'Bookman Old Style', serif; font-size: 10.5pt;">The mixed team organization, as the name implies, draws upon the ideas from both the democratic organization and the chief-programmer organization. The mixed control team organization is shown pictorially in fig. 12.4. This team organization incorporates both hierarchical reporting and democratic set up. In fig. 12.4, the democratic connections are shown as dashed lines and the reporting structure is shown using solid arrows. The mixed control team organization is suitable for large team sizes. The democratic arrangement at the senior engineers level is used to decompose the problem into small parts. Each democratic setup at the programmer level attempts solution to a single part. Thus, this team organization is eminently suited to handle large and complex programs. This team structure is extremely popular and is being used in many software development companies.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: -9.0pt; tab-stops: -9.0pt 0in; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: -9.0pt; tab-stops: -9.0pt 0in; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: -9.0pt; tab-stops: -9.0pt 0in; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: -9.0pt; tab-stops: -9.0pt 0in; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 9.0pt; mso-list: l39 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: -9.0pt 0in list 9.0pt .25in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><b><span style="font-family: "Bookman Old Style","serif"; font-size: 10.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Bookman Old Style"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Bookman Old Style";">60.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></b><!--[endif]--><b><span style="font-family: "Bookman Old Style","serif"; font-size: 10.5pt;">What are the characteristics of a Good Software Engineer? Mention briefly.<o:p></o:p></span></b></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: -9.0pt; tab-stops: -9.0pt 0in; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><b>Answer:<o:p></o:p></b></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: -9.0pt; tab-stops: -9.0pt 0in; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="font-family: 'Bookman Old Style', serif; font-size: 10.5pt;">Characteristics of a good software engineer </span><b><span style="font-family: "Bookman Old Style","serif"; font-size: 10.5pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></b></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: -9.0pt; tab-stops: -9.0pt 0in; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="font-family: 'Bookman Old Style', serif; font-size: 10.5pt;">The attributes that good software engineers should posses are as follows: </span><b><span style="font-family: "Bookman Old Style","serif"; font-size: 10.5pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></b></div><ul style="margin-top: 0in;" type="disc"><li class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Bookman Old Style","serif"; font-size: 10.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;">Exposure to systematic techniques, i.e. familiarity with software engineering principles. <o:p></o:p></span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Bookman Old Style","serif"; font-size: 10.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;">Good technical knowledge of the project areas (Domain knowledge). <o:p></o:p></span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Bookman Old Style","serif"; font-size: 10.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;">Good programming abilities. <o:p></o:p></span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Bookman Old Style","serif"; font-size: 10.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;">Good communication skills. These skills comprise of oral, written, and interpersonal skills. <o:p></o:p></span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Bookman Old Style","serif"; font-size: 10.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;">High motivation. <o:p></o:p></span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Bookman Old Style","serif"; font-size: 10.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;">Sound knowledge of fundamentals of computer science. <o:p></o:p></span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Bookman Old Style","serif"; font-size: 10.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;">Intelligence. <o:p></o:p></span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Bookman Old Style","serif"; font-size: 10.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;">Ability to work in a team. <o:p></o:p></span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Bookman Old Style","serif"; font-size: 10.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;">Discipline, etc</span><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 11.5pt;">. <o:p></o:p></span></li>
</ul><div class="MsoNormal" style="mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 9.0pt; mso-list: l39 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: -9.0pt 0in list 9.0pt .25in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><b><span style="font-family: "Bookman Old Style","serif"; font-size: 10.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Bookman Old Style"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Bookman Old Style";">61.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></b><!--[endif]--><b><span style="font-family: "Bookman Old Style","serif"; font-size: 10.5pt;">What do you mean by a risk? How does the risk management technique works?<o:p></o:p></span></b></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: -9.0pt; tab-stops: -9.0pt 0in; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><b>Answer:<o:p></o:p></b></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: -9.0pt; tab-stops: -9.0pt 0in; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="font-family: 'Bookman Old Style', serif; font-size: 10.5pt;">A risk is any anticipated unfavorable event or circumstances that can occur while a project is underway. If a risk becomes real, it can adversely affect the project and hamper the successful and timely completion of the project.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: -9.0pt; tab-stops: -9.0pt 0in; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: -9.0pt; tab-stops: -9.0pt 0in; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><b><span style="font-family: 'Bookman Old Style', serif; font-size: 10.5pt;">Risk management <o:p></o:p></span></b></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: -9.0pt; tab-stops: -9.0pt 0in; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="font-family: 'Bookman Old Style', serif; font-size: 10.5pt;">A software project can be affected by a large variety of risks. In order to be able to systematically identify the important risks which might affect a software project, it is necessary to categorize risks into different classes. The project manager can then examine which risks from each class are relevant to the project. There are three main categories of risks which can affect a software project:<o:p></o:p></span></div><ul style="margin-top: 0in;" type="disc"><li class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><b><span style="font-family: "Bookman Old Style","serif"; font-size: 10.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;">Project risks. </span></b><span style="font-family: "Bookman Old Style","serif"; font-size: 10.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;">Project risks concern varies forms of budgetary, schedule, personnel, resource, and customer-related problems. An important project risk is schedule slippage. Since, software is intangible, it is very difficult to monitor and control a software project. It is very difficult to control something which cannot be seen. For any manufacturing project, such as manufacturing of cars, the project manager can see the product taking shape. He can for instance, see that the engine is fitted, after that the doors are fitted, the car is getting painted, etc. Thus he can easily assess the progress of the work and control it. The invisibility of the product being developed is an important reason why many software projects suffer from the risk of schedule slippage. <o:p></o:p></span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><b><span style="font-family: "Bookman Old Style","serif"; font-size: 10.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;">Technical risks. </span></b><span style="font-family: "Bookman Old Style","serif"; font-size: 10.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;">Technical risks concern potential design, implementation, interfacing, testing, and maintenance problems. Technical risks also include ambiguous specification, incomplete specification, changing specification, technical uncertainty, and technical obsolescence. Most technical risks occur due to the development team’s insufficient knowledge about the project. <o:p></o:p></span></li>
</ul><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .5in; mso-list: l28 level1 lfo28; tab-stops: -9.0pt 0in list .5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 10.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><b><span style="font-family: 'Bookman Old Style', serif; font-size: 10.5pt;">Business risks. </span></b><span style="font-family: 'Bookman Old Style', serif; font-size: 10.5pt;">This type of risks include risks of building an excellent product that no one wants, losing budgetary or personnel commitments, etc.</span><span style="font-family: "Bookman Old Style","serif"; font-size: 10.5pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><b><span style="font-family: 'Bookman Old Style', serif; font-size: 10.5pt;">Risk assessment <o:p></o:p></span></b></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="font-family: 'Bookman Old Style', serif; font-size: 10.5pt;">The objective of risk assessment is to rank the risks in terms of their damage causing potential. For risk assessment, first each risk should be rated in two ways: <o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .75in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-indent: -.25in; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="font-family: 'Bookman Old Style', serif; font-size: 10.5pt;">• The likelihood of a risk coming true (denoted as r). <o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .75in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-indent: -.25in; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="font-family: 'Bookman Old Style', serif; font-size: 10.5pt;">• The consequence of the problems associated with that risk (denoted as s). <o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="font-family: 'Bookman Old Style', serif; font-size: 10.5pt;">Based on these two factors, the priority of each risk can be computed: <o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .5in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="font-family: 'Bookman Old Style', serif; font-size: 10.5pt;">p = r * s <o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="font-family: 'Bookman Old Style', serif; font-size: 10.5pt;">Where, p is the priority with which the risk must be handled, r is the probability of the risk becoming true, and s is the severity of damage caused due to the risk becoming true. If all identified risks are prioritized, then the most likely and damaging risks can be handled first and more comprehensive risk abatement procedures can be designed for these risks. <o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><b><span style="font-family: 'Bookman Old Style', serif; font-size: 10.5pt;">Risk containment <o:p></o:p></span></b></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="font-family: 'Bookman Old Style', serif; font-size: 10.5pt;">After all the identified risks of a project are assessed, plans must be made to contain the most damaging and the most likely risks. Different risks require different containment procedures. In fact, most risks require ingenuity on the part of the project manager in tackling the risk. <o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="font-family: 'Bookman Old Style', serif; font-size: 10.5pt;">There are three main strategies to plan for risk containment: <o:p></o:p></span></div><ul style="margin-top: 0in;" type="disc"><li class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><b><span style="font-family: "Bookman Old Style","serif"; font-size: 10.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;">Avoid the risk: </span></b><span style="font-family: "Bookman Old Style","serif"; font-size: 10.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;">This may take several forms such as discussing with the customer to change the requirements to reduce the scope of the work, giving incentives to the engineers to avoid the risk of manpower turnover, etc. <o:p></o:p></span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><b><span style="font-family: "Bookman Old Style","serif"; font-size: 10.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;">Transfer the risk: </span></b><span style="font-family: "Bookman Old Style","serif"; font-size: 10.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;">This strategy involves getting the risky component developed by a third party, buying insurance cover, etc. <o:p></o:p></span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><b><span style="font-family: "Bookman Old Style","serif"; font-size: 10.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;">Risk reduction: </span></b><span style="font-family: "Bookman Old Style","serif"; font-size: 10.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;">This involves planning ways to contain the damage due to a risk. For example, if there is risk that some key personnel might leave, new recruitment may be planned. <o:p></o:p></span></li>
</ul><div class="MsoNormal" style="mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><b><span style="font-family: 'Bookman Old Style', serif; font-size: 10.5pt;">Risk leverage <o:p></o:p></span></b></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="tab-stops: -9.0pt 0in; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="font-family: 'Bookman Old Style', serif; font-size: 10.5pt;">To choose between the different strategies of handling a risk, the project manager must consider the cost of handling the risk and the corresponding reduction of risk. For this the risk leverage of the different risks can be computed.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="font-family: 'Bookman Old Style', serif; font-size: 10.5pt;">Risk leverage is the difference in risk exposure divided by the cost of reducing the risk. More formally, <o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="tab-stops: -9.0pt 0in; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><b><i><span style="font-family: 'Bookman Old Style', serif; font-size: 10.5pt;">risk leverage = (risk exposure before reduction – risk exposure after reduction) / (cost of reduction)<o:p></o:p></span></i></b></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="tab-stops: -9.0pt 0in; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 9.0pt; mso-list: l39 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: -9.0pt 0in list 9.0pt .25in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><b><span style="font-family: "Bookman Old Style","serif"; font-size: 10.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Bookman Old Style"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Bookman Old Style";">62.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></b><!--[endif]--><b><span style="font-family: "Bookman Old Style","serif"; font-size: 10.5pt;">What do you mean by a Software Configuration management? Why it is necessary? [B.E. 2010]<o:p></o:p></span></b></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: -9.0pt; tab-stops: -9.0pt 0in; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><b>Answer:<o:p></o:p></b></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="font-family: 'Bookman Old Style', serif; font-size: 10.5pt;">The results (also called as the deliverables) of a large software development effort typically consist of a large number of objects, e.g. source code, design document, SRS document, test document, user’s manual, etc. These objects are usually referred to and modified by a number of software engineers through out the life cycle of the software. The state of all these objects at any point of time is called the configuration of the software product. The state of each deliverable object changes as development progresses and also as bugs is detected and fixed. <o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><b><span style="font-family: 'Bookman Old Style', serif; font-size: 10.5pt;">Necessity of software configuration management <o:p></o:p></span></b></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="font-family: 'Bookman Old Style', serif; font-size: 10.5pt;">There are several reasons for putting an object under configuration management. But, possibly the most important reason for configuration management is to control the access to the different deliverable objects. Unless strict discipline is enforced regarding updation and storage of different objects, several problems appear. The following are some of the important problems that appear if configuration management is not used. <o:p></o:p></span></div><ul style="margin-top: 0in;" type="disc"><li class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><b><span style="font-family: "Bookman Old Style","serif"; font-size: 10.5pt;">Inconsistency problem when the objects are replicated. </span></b><span style="font-family: "Bookman Old Style","serif"; font-size: 10.5pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><b><span style="font-family: "Bookman Old Style","serif"; font-size: 10.5pt;">Problems associated with concurrent access. </span></b><span style="font-family: "Bookman Old Style","serif"; font-size: 10.5pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></li>
</ul><div class="Default" style="margin-left: .5in; mso-list: l15 level1 lfo30; tab-stops: list .5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 10.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><b><span style="font-family: "Bookman Old Style","serif"; font-size: 10.5pt;">Providing a stable development environment. </span></b><span style="font-family: "Bookman Old Style","serif"; font-size: 10.5pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div><ul style="margin-top: 0in;" type="disc"><li class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><b><span style="font-family: "Bookman Old Style","serif"; font-size: 10.5pt;">System accounting and maintaining status information. </span></b><span style="font-family: "Bookman Old Style","serif"; font-size: 10.5pt;">System accounting keeps track of who made a particular change and when the change was made. <o:p></o:p></span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><b><span style="font-family: "Bookman Old Style","serif"; font-size: 10.5pt;">Handling variants. <o:p></o:p></span></b></li>
</ul><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 9.0pt; mso-list: l39 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: -9.0pt 0in list 9.0pt .25in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><b>63.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></b><!--[endif]--><b><span style="font-family: "Bookman Old Style","serif"; font-size: 10.5pt;">What do you mean by version, release and revision of a software product?</span><o:p></o:p></b></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: -9.0pt; tab-stops: -9.0pt 0in; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><b>Answer:<o:p></o:p></b></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="font-family: 'Bookman Old Style', serif; font-size: 10.5pt;">A new version of software is created when there is a significant change in functionality, technology, or the hardware it runs on, etc. On the other hand a new revision of software refers to minor bug fix in that software. A new release is created if there is only a bug fix, minor enhancements to the functionality, usability, etc. </span><span style="font-family: "Bookman Old Style","serif"; font-size: 10.5pt;">For example, one version of a mathematical computation package might run on Unix-based machines, another on Microsoft Windows and so on. As software is released and used by the customer, errors are discovered that need correction. Enhancements to the functionalities of the software may also be needed. A new release of software is an improved system intended to replace an old one. Often systems are described as version m, release n; or simple m.n. Formally, a history relation is version of can be defined between objects. This relation can be split into two sub relations <i>is revision of </i>and <i>is variant of</i>.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 9.0pt; mso-list: l39 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: -9.0pt 0in list 9.0pt .25in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><b>64.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></b><!--[endif]--><b><span style="font-family: "Bookman Old Style","serif"; font-size: 10.5pt;">How Configuration Control is carried out? What are the different activities of Configuration controls?</span><o:p></o:p></b></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: -9.0pt; tab-stops: -9.0pt 0in; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><b>Answer:<o:p></o:p></b></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="font-family: 'Bookman Old Style', serif; font-size: 10.5pt;">Configuration management is carried out through two principal activities: <o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .75in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-indent: -.25in; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="font-family: 'Bookman Old Style', serif; font-size: 10.5pt;">• <b><i>Configuration identification</i></b> involves deciding which parts of the system should be kept track of. <o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .75in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-indent: -.25in; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="font-family: 'Bookman Old Style', serif; font-size: 10.5pt;">• <b><i>Configuration control</i></b> ensures that changes to a system happen smoothly. <o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal"><b><span style="font-family: 'Bookman Old Style', serif; font-size: 10.5pt;">Configuration identification </span></b></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="font-family: 'Bookman Old Style', serif; font-size: 10.5pt;">Typical controllable objects include: <o:p></o:p></span></div><ul style="margin-top: 0in;" type="disc"><li class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Bookman Old Style","serif"; font-size: 10.5pt;">Requirements specification document <o:p></o:p></span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Bookman Old Style","serif"; font-size: 10.5pt;">Design documents <o:p></o:p></span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Bookman Old Style","serif"; font-size: 10.5pt;">Tools used to build the system, such as compilers, linkers, lexical analyzers, parsers, etc. <o:p></o:p></span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Bookman Old Style","serif"; font-size: 10.5pt;">Source code for each module <o:p></o:p></span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Bookman Old Style","serif"; font-size: 10.5pt;">Test cases <o:p></o:p></span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Bookman Old Style","serif"; font-size: 10.5pt;">Problem reports <o:p></o:p></span></li>
</ul><div class="MsoNormal" style="mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><b><span style="font-family: 'Bookman Old Style', serif; font-size: 10.5pt;">Configuration control <o:p></o:p></span></b></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="font-family: 'Bookman Old Style', serif; font-size: 10.5pt;">Configuration control is the process of managing changes to controlled objects. Configuration control is the part of a configuration management system that most directly affects the day-to-day operations of developers. The configuration control system prevents unauthorized changes to any controlled objects. In order to change a controlled object such as a module, a developer can get a private copy of the module by a reserve operation as shown in fig. 3.15. Configuration management tools allow only one person to reserve a module at a time. Once an object is reserved, it does not allow any one else to reserve this module until the reserved module is restored as shown in fig. 3.15. Thus, by preventing more than one engineer to simultaneously reserve a module, the problems associated with concurrent access are solved.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="font-family: 'Bookman Old Style', serif; font-size: 10.5pt;">It can be shown how the changes to any object that is under configuration control can be achieved. The engineer needing to change a module first obtains a private copy of the module through a reserve operation. Then, he carries out all necessary changes on this private copy. However, restoring the changed module to the system configuration requires the permission of a change control board (CCB). The CCB is usually constituted from among the development team members. For every change that needs to be carried out, the CCB reviews the changes made to the controlled object and certifies several things about the change: <o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .5in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-indent: -.25in; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="font-family: 'Bookman Old Style', serif; font-size: 10.5pt;">1. Change is well-motivated. <o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .5in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-indent: -.25in; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="font-family: 'Bookman Old Style', serif; font-size: 10.5pt;">2. Developer has considered and documented the effects of the change. <o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .5in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-indent: -.25in; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="font-family: 'Bookman Old Style', serif; font-size: 10.5pt;">3. Changes interact well with the changes made by other developers. <o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .5in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-indent: -.25in; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="font-family: 'Bookman Old Style', serif; font-size: 10.5pt;">4. Appropriate people (CCB) have validated the change, e.g. someone has tested the changed code, and has verified that the change is consistent with the requirement. <o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><br />
</div><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: center; text-autospace: none;"><span style="font-family: 'Bookman Old Style', serif; font-size: 10.5pt;"><!--[if gte vml 1]><v:shape id="_x0000_i1052" type="#_x0000_t75"
style='width:255pt;height:145.5pt'> <v:imagedata src="file:///C:\DOCUME~1\manikant\LOCALS~1\Temp\msohtmlclip1\01\clip_image052.png"
o:title=""/> </v:shape><![endif]--><!--[if !vml]--><img height="194" src="file:///C:/DOCUME~1/manikant/LOCALS~1/Temp/msohtmlclip1/01/clip_image053.jpg" v:shapes="_x0000_i1052" width="340" /><!--[endif]--><o:p></o:p></span></div><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: center; text-autospace: none;"><b><span style="font-family: "Bookman Old Style","serif"; font-size: 10.5pt;">Fig. 3.15: </span></b><span style="font-family: "Bookman Old Style","serif"; font-size: 10.5pt;">Reserve and restore operation in configuration control<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="font-family: 'Bookman Old Style', serif; font-size: 10.5pt;">The change control board (CCB) sounds like a group of people. However, except for very large projects, the functions of the change control board are normally discharged by the project manager himself or some senior member of the development team. Once the CCB reviews the changes to the module, the project manager updates the old base line through a restore operation (as shown in fig. 12.5). A configuration control tool does not allow a developer to replace an object he has reserved with his local copy unless he gets an authorization from the CCB. By constraining the developers’ ability to replace reserved objects, a stable environment is achieved. Since a configuration management tool allows only one engineer to work on one module at any one time, problem of accidental overwriting is eliminated. Also, since only the manager can update the baseline after the CCB approval, unintentional changes are eliminated.</span><span style="font-family: "Bookman Old Style","serif"; font-size: 10.5pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 9.0pt; mso-list: l39 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: -9.0pt 0in list 9.0pt .25in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><b>65.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></b><!--[endif]--><b><span style="font-family: "Bookman Old Style","serif"; font-size: 10.5pt;">What do you mean by Requirement Analysis and Specification?</span><o:p></o:p></b></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: -9.0pt; tab-stops: -9.0pt 0in; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><b>Answer:<o:p></o:p></b></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="font-family: 'Bookman Old Style', serif; font-size: 10.5pt;">The goal of the requirement analysis and specification phase is to study the customer requirements and to systematically organize the requirements into a specification document. The requirement analysis and specification phase starts after the feasibility study is complete.<b><o:p></o:p></b></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 9.0pt; mso-list: l39 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: -9.0pt 0in list 9.0pt .25in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><b>66.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></b><!--[endif]--><b><span style="font-family: "Bookman Old Style","serif"; font-size: 10.5pt;">What do you mean by SRS? What are its different components?</span><o:p></o:p></b></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: -9.0pt; tab-stops: -9.0pt 0in; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><b>Answer:<o:p></o:p></b></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="font-family: 'Bookman Old Style', serif; font-size: 10.5pt;">The SRS document is the final outcome of the requirements analysis and specification phase. <o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .25in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-indent: -.25in; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="font-family: 'Bookman Old Style', serif; font-size: 11.5pt;">The important parts of SRS document are: <o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 45.0pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-list: l14 level1 lfo32; tab-stops: list 45.0pt; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-indent: -.25in; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 11.5pt;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: 'Bookman Old Style', serif; font-size: 11.5pt;">Functional requirements of the system <o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 45.0pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-list: l14 level1 lfo32; tab-stops: list 45.0pt; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-indent: -.25in; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 11.5pt;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: 'Bookman Old Style', serif; font-size: 11.5pt;">Non-functional requirements of the system, and <o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 45.0pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-list: l14 level1 lfo32; tab-stops: list 45.0pt; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-indent: -.25in; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 11.5pt;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: 'Bookman Old Style', serif; font-size: 11.5pt;">Goals of implementation <o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 5.0pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 5.0pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><b><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11.5pt;">Functional requirements:- </span></b><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11.5pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div><ul style="margin-top: 0in;" type="disc"><li class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Bookman Old Style","serif"; font-size: 11.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;">The functional requirements part discusses the functionalities required from the system. The system is considered to perform a set of high-level functions {<i>f<sub><span style="mso-text-raise: -5.0pt; position: relative; top: 5.0pt;">i</span></sub></i>}. The functional view of the system is shown in fig. 3.1. Each function f<sub><span style="mso-text-raise: -5.0pt; position: relative; top: 5.0pt;">i </span></sub>of the system can be considered as a transformation of a set of input data (ii) to the corresponding set of output data (<i>o<sub><span style="mso-text-raise: -5.0pt; position: relative; top: 5.0pt;">i</span></sub></i>). The user can get some meaningful piece of work done using a high-level function. <o:p></o:p></span></li>
</ul><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: center; text-autospace: none;"><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11.5pt;"><!--[if gte vml 1]><v:shape id="_x0000_i1053" type="#_x0000_t75"
style='width:342pt;height:135pt'> <v:imagedata src="file:///C:\DOCUME~1\manikant\LOCALS~1\Temp\msohtmlclip1\01\clip_image054.emz"
o:title=""/> </v:shape><![endif]--><!--[if !vml]--><img height="180" src="file:///C:/DOCUME~1/manikant/LOCALS~1/Temp/msohtmlclip1/01/clip_image055.gif" v:shapes="_x0000_i1053" width="456" /><!--[endif]--><o:p></o:p></span></div><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: center; text-autospace: none;"><b><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11.5pt;">Fig. 3.1: </span></b><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11.5pt;">View of a system performing a set of functions <o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 5.0pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 5.0pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 5.0pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 5.0pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><b><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11.5pt;">Nonfunctional requirements:- </span></b><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11.5pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div><ul style="margin-top: 0in;" type="disc"><li class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 12pt; margin-top: 5pt; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 11.5pt;">Nonfunctional requirements deal with the characteristics of the system which can not be expressed as functions - such as the maintainability of the system, portability of the system, usability of the system, etc. <o:p></o:p></span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 5pt; margin-top: 5pt;"><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 11.5pt;">Nonfunctional requirements may include:</span><b><span style="font-family: "Bookman Old Style","serif"; font-size: 10.5pt; mso-bidi-font-style: italic;"><o:p></o:p></span></b></li>
</ul><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 5.0pt; margin-left: .25in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 5.0pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-autospace: none; text-indent: .25in;"><b><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11.5pt;"># </span></b><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11.5pt;">reliability issues,<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 5.0pt; margin-left: .25in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 5.0pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-autospace: none; text-indent: .25in;"><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11.5pt;"> <b># </b>accuracy of results, <o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 5.0pt; margin-left: .25in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 5.0pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-autospace: none; text-indent: .25in;"><b><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11.5pt;"># </span></b><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11.5pt;">human - computer interface issues,<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 5.0pt; margin-left: .25in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 5.0pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-autospace: none; text-indent: .25in;"><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11.5pt;"> <b># </b>constraints on the system implementation, etc</span><b><span style="font-family: 'Bookman Old Style', serif; font-size: 10.5pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></b></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal"><b><span style="font-family: 'Bookman Old Style', serif; font-size: 11.5pt;">Goals of implementation:- </span></b><span style="font-family: 'Bookman Old Style', serif; font-size: 11.5pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="font-family: 'Bookman Old Style', serif; font-size: 11.5pt;">The goals of implementation part documents some general suggestions regarding development. These suggestions guide trade-off among design goals. The goals of implementation section might document issues such as revisions to the system functionalities that may be required in the future, new devices to be supported in the future, reusability issues, etc. These are the items which the developers might keep in their mind during development so that the developed system may meet some aspects that are not required immediately.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 9.0pt; mso-list: l39 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: -9.0pt 0in list 9.0pt .25in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><b>67.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></b><!--[endif]--><b><span style="font-family: "Bookman Old Style","serif"; font-size: 10.5pt;">What are the key properties of a good SRS?</span><o:p></o:p></b></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: -9.0pt; tab-stops: -9.0pt 0in; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><b>Answer:<o:p></o:p></b></div><div class="MsoNormal"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .25in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="font-family: 'Bookman Old Style', serif; font-size: 10.5pt;">The important properties of a good SRS document are the following: <o:p></o:p></span></div><ul style="margin-top: 0in;" type="disc"><li class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 12pt; margin-top: 5pt; text-align: justify;"><b><span style="font-family: "Bookman Old Style","serif"; font-size: 10.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;">Concise. </span></b><span style="font-family: "Bookman Old Style","serif"; font-size: 10.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;">The SRS document should be concise and at the same time unambiguous, consistent, and complete. Verbose and irrelevant descriptions reduce readability and also increase error possibilities. <o:p></o:p></span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 12pt; margin-top: 5pt; text-align: justify;"><b><span style="font-family: "Bookman Old Style","serif"; font-size: 10.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;">Structured. </span></b><span style="font-family: "Bookman Old Style","serif"; font-size: 10.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;">It should be well-structured. A well-structured document is easy to understand and modify. In practice, the SRS document undergoes several revisions to cope up with the customer requirements. Often, the customer requirements evolve over a period of time. Therefore, in order to make the modifications to the SRS document easy, it is important to make the document well-structured. <o:p></o:p></span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 12pt; margin-top: 5pt; text-align: justify;"><b><span style="font-family: "Bookman Old Style","serif"; font-size: 10.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;">Black-box view. </span></b><span style="font-family: "Bookman Old Style","serif"; font-size: 10.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;">It should only specify what the system should do and refrain from stating how to do these. This means that the SRS document should specify the external behavior of the system and not discuss the implementation issues. The SRS document should view the system to be developed as black box, and should specify the externally visible behavior of the system. For this reason, the SRS document is also called the black-box specification of a system. <o:p></o:p></span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 12pt; margin-top: 5pt; text-align: justify;"><b><span style="font-family: "Bookman Old Style","serif"; font-size: 10.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;">Conceptual integrity. </span></b><span style="font-family: "Bookman Old Style","serif"; font-size: 10.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;">It should show conceptual integrity so that the reader can easily understand it. <o:p></o:p></span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 12pt; margin-top: 5pt; text-align: justify;"><b><span style="font-family: "Bookman Old Style","serif"; font-size: 10.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;">Response to undesired events. </span></b><span style="font-family: "Bookman Old Style","serif"; font-size: 10.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;">It should characterize acceptable responses to undesired events. These are called system response to exceptional conditions. <o:p></o:p></span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 5pt; margin-top: 5pt; text-align: justify;"><b><span style="font-family: "Bookman Old Style","serif"; font-size: 10.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;">Verifiable. </span></b><span style="font-family: "Bookman Old Style","serif"; font-size: 10.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;">All requirements of the system as documented in the SRS document should be verifiable. This means that it should be possible to determine whether or not requirements have been met in an implementation.</span><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 11.5pt;"> <o:p></o:p></span></li>
</ul><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 5.0pt; margin-left: .25in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 5.0pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 9.0pt; mso-list: l39 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: -9.0pt 0in list 9.0pt .25in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><b>68.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></b><!--[endif]--><b><span style="font-family: "Bookman Old Style","serif"; font-size: 10.5pt;">What are the key properties of a bad SRS?</span><o:p></o:p></b></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: -9.0pt; tab-stops: -9.0pt 0in; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><b>Answer:<o:p></o:p></b></div><div class="MsoNormal"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .25in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="font-family: 'Bookman Old Style', serif; font-size: 10.5pt;">The important properties of a bad SRS document are the following: <o:p></o:p></span></div><ul style="margin-top: 0in;" type="disc"><li class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 12pt; margin-top: 5pt; text-align: justify;"><b><span style="font-family: "Bookman Old Style","serif"; font-size: 10.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;">Over specification. </span></b><span style="font-family: "Bookman Old Style","serif"; font-size: 10.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;">It restricts the freedom of the designer in arriving at the design solution.<o:p></o:p></span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 12pt; margin-top: 5pt; text-align: justify;"><b><span style="font-family: "Bookman Old Style","serif"; font-size: 10.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;">Forward references. </span></b><span style="font-family: "Bookman Old Style","serif"; font-size: 10.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;">We should not refer to aspects that are discussed much later in the SRS document. It reduces reliability of the specification.<o:p></o:p></span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 12pt; margin-top: 5pt; text-align: justify;"><b><span style="font-family: "Bookman Old Style","serif"; font-size: 10.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;">Wishful thinking. </span></b><span style="font-family: "Bookman Old Style","serif"; font-size: 10.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;">This type of problem concern description of aspects which would be difficult to implement.<o:p></o:p></span></li>
</ul><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 12.0pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 5.0pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 12.0pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 5.0pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 12.0pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 5.0pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 12.0pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 5.0pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 9.0pt; mso-list: l39 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: -9.0pt 0in list 9.0pt .25in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><b>69.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></b><!--[endif]--><b><span style="font-family: "Bookman Old Style","serif"; font-size: 10.5pt;">What is a decision tree? Give an example.</span><o:p></o:p></b></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: -9.0pt; tab-stops: -9.0pt 0in; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><b>Answer:<o:p></o:p></b></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 12.0pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 5.0pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="font-family: "Bookman Old Style","serif"; font-size: 10.5pt;">A decision tree gives a graphic view of the processing logic involved in decision making and the corresponding actions taken. The edges of a decision tree represent conditions and the leaf nodes represent the actions to be performed depending on the outcome of testing the condition.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><b><span style="font-family: 'Bookman Old Style', serif; font-size: 10.5pt;">Example: - </span></b><span style="font-family: 'Bookman Old Style', serif; font-size: 10.5pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 5.0pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 5.0pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="font-family: 'Bookman Old Style', serif; font-size: 10.5pt;">Consider Library Membership Automation Software (LMS) where it should support the following three options<b>: </b><o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 12.0pt; margin-left: 1.0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 5.0pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-indent: -.25in; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="font-family: 'Book Antiqua', serif; font-size: 10.5pt;"></span><span style="font-family: 'Bookman Old Style', serif; font-size: 10.5pt;"> </span><b><span style="font-family: 'Bookman Old Style', serif; font-size: 10.5pt;">New member </span></b><span style="font-family: 'Bookman Old Style', serif; font-size: 10.5pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 12.0pt; margin-left: 1.0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 5.0pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-indent: -.25in; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="font-family: 'Book Antiqua', serif; font-size: 10.5pt;"></span><span style="font-family: 'Bookman Old Style', serif; font-size: 10.5pt;"> </span><b><span style="font-family: 'Bookman Old Style', serif; font-size: 10.5pt;">Renewal </span></b><span style="font-family: 'Bookman Old Style', serif; font-size: 10.5pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 1.0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-autospace: none; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="font-family: 'Book Antiqua', serif; font-size: 10.5pt;"></span><span style="font-family: 'Bookman Old Style', serif; font-size: 10.5pt;"> </span><b><span style="font-family: 'Bookman Old Style', serif; font-size: 10.5pt;">Cancel membership </span></b><span style="font-family: 'Bookman Old Style', serif; font-size: 10.5pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 5.0pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 2.0pt; margin-top: 5.0pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><b><span style="font-family: 'Bookman Old Style', serif; font-size: 10.5pt;">New member option- <o:p></o:p></span></b></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 5.0pt; margin-left: .5in; margin-right: 2.0pt; margin-top: 5.0pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><b><span style="font-family: 'Bookman Old Style', serif; font-size: 10.5pt;">Decision: </span></b><span style="font-family: 'Bookman Old Style', serif; font-size: 10.5pt;">When the 'new member' option is selected, the software asks details about the member like the member's name, address, phone number etc. <o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 5.0pt; margin-left: .5in; margin-right: 2.0pt; margin-top: 5.0pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><b><span style="font-family: 'Bookman Old Style', serif; font-size: 10.5pt;">Action: </span></b><span style="font-family: 'Bookman Old Style', serif; font-size: 10.5pt;">If proper information is entered then a membership record for the member is created and a bill is printed for the annual membership charge plus the security deposit payable. <o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 5.0pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 2.0pt; margin-top: 5.0pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><b><span style="font-family: 'Bookman Old Style', serif; font-size: 10.5pt;">Renewal option- <o:p></o:p></span></b></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 5.0pt; margin-left: .5in; margin-right: 2.0pt; margin-top: 5.0pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><b><span style="font-family: 'Bookman Old Style', serif; font-size: 10.5pt;">Decision: </span></b><span style="font-family: 'Bookman Old Style', serif; font-size: 10.5pt;">If the 'renewal' option is chosen, the LMS asks for the member's name and his membership number to check whether he is a valid member or not. <o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 5.0pt; margin-left: .5in; margin-right: 2.0pt; margin-top: 5.0pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><b><span style="font-family: 'Bookman Old Style', serif; font-size: 10.5pt;">Action: </span></b><span style="font-family: 'Bookman Old Style', serif; font-size: 10.5pt;">If the membership is valid then membership expiry date is updated and the annual membership bill is printed, otherwise an error message is displayed. <o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><b><span style="font-family: 'Bookman Old Style', serif; font-size: 10.5pt;">Cancel membership option- <o:p></o:p></span></b></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .5in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><b><span style="font-family: 'Bookman Old Style', serif; font-size: 10.5pt;">Decision: </span></b><span style="font-family: 'Bookman Old Style', serif; font-size: 10.5pt;">If the 'cancel membership' option is selected, then the software asks for member's name and his membership number. <o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .5in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><b><span style="font-family: 'Bookman Old Style', serif; font-size: 10.5pt;">Action: </span></b><span style="font-family: 'Bookman Old Style', serif; font-size: 10.5pt;">The membership is cancelled, a cheque for the balance amount due to the member is printed and finally the membership record is deleted from the database. <o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .5in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-autospace: none;"><b><span style="font-family: 'Bookman Old Style', serif; font-size: 10.5pt;">Decision tree representation of the above example - </span></b><span style="font-family: 'Bookman Old Style', serif; font-size: 10.5pt;">The following tree (fig. 3.4) shows the graphical representation of the above example. After getting information from the user, the system makes a decision and then performs the corresponding actions. <o:p></o:p></span></div><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: center; text-autospace: none;"><b><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11.5pt;"><!--[if gte vml 1]><v:shape id="_x0000_i1054" type="#_x0000_t75"
style='width:449.25pt;height:222.75pt'> <v:imagedata src="file:///C:\DOCUME~1\manikant\LOCALS~1\Temp\msohtmlclip1\01\clip_image056.emz"
o:title=""/> </v:shape><![endif]--><!--[if !vml]--><img height="297" src="file:///C:/DOCUME~1/manikant/LOCALS~1/Temp/msohtmlclip1/01/clip_image057.gif" v:shapes="_x0000_i1054" width="599" /><!--[endif]--><o:p></o:p></span></b></div><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: center; text-autospace: none;"><br />
</div><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: center; text-autospace: none;"><b><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11.5pt;">Fig. 3.4: </span></b><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11.5pt;">Decision tree for LMS <o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 9.0pt; mso-list: l39 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: -9.0pt 0in list 9.0pt .25in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><b>70.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></b><!--[endif]--><b><span style="font-family: "Bookman Old Style","serif"; font-size: 10.5pt;">What is a decision table? Give an example.</span><o:p></o:p></b></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: -9.0pt; tab-stops: -9.0pt 0in; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><b>Answer:<o:p></o:p></b></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 5.0pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 2.0pt; margin-top: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="font-family: 'Bookman Old Style', serif; font-size: 11.5pt;">A decision table is used to represent the complex processing logic in a tabular or a matrix form. The upper rows of the table specify the variables or conditions to be evaluated. The lower rows of the table specify the actions to be taken when the corresponding conditions are satisfied. A column in a table is called a <i>rule</i>. A rule implies that if a condition is true, then the corresponding action is to be executed. <o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 5.0pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 2.0pt; margin-top: 5.0pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><b><span style="font-family: 'Bookman Old Style', serif; font-size: 11.5pt;">Example: - </span></b><span style="font-family: 'Bookman Old Style', serif; font-size: 11.5pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="font-family: 'Bookman Old Style', serif; font-size: 11.5pt;">Consider the previously discussed LMS example. The following decision table (fig. 3.5) shows how to represent the LMS problem in a tabular form. Here the table is divided into two parts, the upper part shows the conditions and the lower part shows what actions are taken. Each column of the table is a rule.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="font-family: "Bookman Old Style","serif";"><!--[if gte vml 1]><v:shape
id="_x0000_i1055" type="#_x0000_t75" style='width:450pt;height:217.5pt'> <v:imagedata src="file:///C:\DOCUME~1\manikant\LOCALS~1\Temp\msohtmlclip1\01\clip_image058.emz"
o:title=""/> </v:shape><![endif]--><!--[if !vml]--><img height="290" src="file:///C:/DOCUME~1/manikant/LOCALS~1/Temp/msohtmlclip1/01/clip_image059.gif" v:shapes="_x0000_i1055" width="600" /><!--[endif]--><o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="font-family: "Bookman Old Style","serif"; font-size: 11.5pt;">From the above table you can easily understand that, if the valid selection condition is false then the action taken for this condition is 'display error message'. Similarly, the actions taken for other conditions can be inferred from the table.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 9.0pt; mso-list: l39 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: -9.0pt 0in list 9.0pt .25in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><b>71.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></b><!--[endif]--><b><span style="font-family: "Bookman Old Style","serif"; font-size: 10.5pt;">What is a formal language specication? Give an example.</span><o:p></o:p></b></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: -9.0pt; tab-stops: -9.0pt 0in; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><b>Answer:<o:p></o:p></b></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><b><i><span style="font-family: 'Bookman Old Style', serif; font-size: 10.5pt;">Formal technique <o:p></o:p></span></i></b></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-right: 2.0pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="font-family: 'Bookman Old Style', serif; font-size: 10.5pt;">A formal technique is a mathematical method to specify a hardware and/or software system, verify whether a specification is realizable, verify that an implementation satisfies its specification, prove properties of a system without necessarily running the system, etc. The mathematical basis of a formal method is provided by the specification language. <o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="font-family: 'Bookman Old Style', serif; font-size: 10.5pt;">Formal specification language <o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="font-family: 'Bookman Old Style', serif; font-size: 10.5pt;">A formal specification language consists of two sets syn and sem, and a relation sat between them. The set syn is called the syntactic domain, the set sem is called the semantic domain, and the relation sat is called the satisfaction relation. For a given specification syn, and model of the system sem, if sat (syn, sem), as shown in fig. 3.6, then syn is said to be the specification of sem, and sem is said to be the specificand of syn.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><b><i><span style="font-family: 'Bookman Old Style', serif; font-size: 10.5pt;">Model-oriented vs. property-oriented approaches <o:p></o:p></span></i></b></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 5.0pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 5.0pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="font-family: 'Bookman Old Style', serif; font-size: 10.5pt;">Formal methods are usually classified into two broad categories – model – oriented and property – oriented approaches. In a model-oriented style, one defines a system’s behavior directly by constructing a model of the system in terms of mathematical structures such as tuples, relations, functions, sets, sequences, etc. <o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 5.0pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 5.0pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="font-family: 'Bookman Old Style', serif; font-size: 10.5pt;">In the property-oriented style, the system's behavior is defined indirectly by stating its properties, usually in the form of a set of axioms that the system must satisfy. <o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 5.0pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 5.0pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><b><span style="font-family: 'Bookman Old Style', serif; font-size: 10.5pt;">Example:- </span></b><span style="font-family: 'Bookman Old Style', serif; font-size: 10.5pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="font-family: 'Bookman Old Style', serif; font-size: 10.5pt;">Let us consider a simple producer/consumer example. In a property-oriented style, it is probably started by listing the properties of the system like: the consumer can start consuming only after the producer has produced an item, the producer starts to produce an item only after the consumer has consumed the last item, etc. A good example of a producer-consumer problem is CPU-Printer coordination. After processing of data, CPU outputs characters to the buffer for printing. Printer, on the other hand, reads characters from the buffer and prints them. The CPU is constrained by the capacity of the buffer, whereas the printer is constrained by an empty buffer. Examples of property-oriented specification styles are axiomatic specification and algebraic specification. <o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 5.0pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 5.0pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="font-family: 'Bookman Old Style', serif; font-size: 10.5pt;">In a model-oriented approach, we start by defining the basic operations, p (produce) and c (consume). Then we can state that S1 + p → S, S + c → S1. Thus the model-oriented approaches essentially specify a program by writing another, presumably simpler program. Examples of popular model-oriented specification techniques are Z, CSP, CCS, etc. <o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 5.0pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 5.0pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="font-family: 'Bookman Old Style', serif; font-size: 10.5pt;">Model-oriented approaches are more suited to use in later phases of life cycle because here even minor changes to a specification may lead to drastic changes to the entire specification. They do not support logical conjunctions (AND) and disjunctions (OR). <o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="font-family: 'Bookman Old Style', serif; font-size: 10.5pt;">Property-oriented approaches are suitable for requirements specification because they can be easily changed. They specify a system as a conjunction of axioms and you can easily replace one axiom with another one.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 9.0pt; mso-list: l39 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: -9.0pt 0in list 9.0pt .25in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><b>72.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></b><!--[endif]--><b><span style="font-family: "Bookman Old Style","serif"; font-size: 10.5pt;">What are the merits of formal requirements specification.</span><o:p></o:p></b></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: -9.0pt; tab-stops: -9.0pt 0in; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><b>Answer:<o:p></o:p></b></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><b><i><span style="font-family: 'Bookman Old Style', serif; font-size: 10.5pt;">Merits of formal requirements specification <o:p></o:p></span></i></b></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 5.0pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="font-family: 'Bookman Old Style', serif; font-size: 10.5pt;">Formal methods possess several positive features, some of which are discussed below. <o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 5.0pt; margin-left: .5in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 5.0pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-indent: -.25in; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="font-family: 'Bookman Old Style', serif; font-size: 10.5pt;">• Formal specifications encourage rigour. Often, the very process of construction of a rigorous specification is more important than the formal specification itself. The construction of a rigorous specification clarifies several aspects of system behavior that are not obvious in an informal specification. <o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 5.0pt; margin-left: .5in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 5.0pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-indent: -.25in; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="font-family: 'Bookman Old Style', serif; font-size: 10.5pt;">• Formal methods usually have a well-founded mathematical basis. Thus, formal specifications are not only more precise, but also mathematically sound and can be used to reason about the properties of a specification and to rigorously prove that an implementation satisfies its specifications. <o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 5.0pt; margin-left: .5in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 5.0pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-indent: -.25in; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="font-family: 'Bookman Old Style', serif; font-size: 10.5pt;">• Formal methods have well-defined semantics. Therefore, ambiguity in specifications is automatically avoided when one formally specifies a system. <o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 5.0pt; margin-left: .5in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 5.0pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-indent: -.25in; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="font-family: 'Bookman Old Style', serif; font-size: 10.5pt;">• The mathematical basis of the formal methods facilitates automating the analysis of specifications. For example, a tableau-based technique has been used to automatically check the consistency of specifications. Also, automatic theorem proving techniques can be used to verify that an implementation satisfies its specifications. The possibility of automatic verification is one of the most important advantages of formal methods. <o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 5.0pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 5.0pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 9.0pt; mso-list: l39 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: -9.0pt 0in list 9.0pt .25in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><b>73.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></b><!--[endif]--><b><span style="font-family: "Bookman Old Style","serif"; font-size: 10.5pt;">What is axiomatic specification? Give example.</span><o:p></o:p></b></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: -9.0pt; tab-stops: -9.0pt 0in; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><b>Answer:<o:p></o:p></b></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><b><i><span style="font-family: 'Bookman Old Style', serif; font-size: 10.5pt;">Axiomatic specification <o:p></o:p></span></i></b></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 5.0pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="font-family: 'Bookman Old Style', serif; font-size: 10.5pt;">In axiomatic specification of a system, first-order logic is used to write the pre and post-conditions to specify the operations of the system in the form of axioms. The pre-conditions basically capture the conditions that must be satisfied before an operation can successfully be invoked. In essence, the pre-conditions capture the requirements on the input parameters of a function. The post-conditions are the conditions that must be satisfied when a function completes execution for the function to be considered to have executed successfully. Thus, the post-conditions are essentially constraints on the results produced for the function execution to be considered successful. <o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 5.0pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 5.0pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="font-family: 'Bookman Old Style', serif; font-size: 10.5pt;">The following are the sequence of steps that can be followed to systematically develop the axiomatic specifications of a function: <o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 12.0pt; margin-left: .5in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 5.0pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-indent: -.25in; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="font-family: 'Bookman Old Style', serif; font-size: 10.5pt;">• Establish the range of input values over which the function should behave correctly. Also find out other constraints on the input parameters and write it in the form of a predicate. <o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 12.0pt; margin-left: .5in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 5.0pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-indent: -.25in; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="font-family: 'Bookman Old Style', serif; font-size: 10.5pt;">• Specify a predicate defining the conditions which must hold on the output of the function if it behaved properly. <o:p></o:p></span></div><ul style="margin-top: 0in;" type="disc"><li class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 5pt; margin-top: 5pt; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Bookman Old Style","serif"; font-size: 10.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;">Establish the changes made to the function’s input parameters after execution of the function. Pure mathematical functions do not change their input and therefore this type of assertion is not necessary for pure functions. <o:p></o:p></span></li>
</ul><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 5.0pt; margin-left: .5in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 5.0pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="font-family: 'Bookman Old Style', serif; font-size: 10.5pt;">• Combine all of the above into pre and post conditions of the function.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 5.0pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 5.0pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><b><span style="font-family: 'Bookman Old Style', serif; font-size: 10.5pt;">Example1: - </span></b><span style="font-family: 'Bookman Old Style', serif; font-size: 10.5pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 5.0pt; margin-left: .5in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 5.0pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="font-family: 'Bookman Old Style', serif; font-size: 10.5pt;">Specify the pre- and post-conditions of a function that takes a real number as argument and returns half the input value if the input is less than or equal to 100, or else returns double the value. <o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 6.0pt; margin-left: .5in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="font-family: 'Bookman Old Style', serif; font-size: 10.5pt;">f (x : real) : real <o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 6.0pt; margin-left: .5in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="font-family: 'Bookman Old Style', serif; font-size: 10.5pt;">pre : x </span><span style="font-family: SimSun; font-size: 10.5pt;">∈</span><span style="font-family: 'Bookman Old Style', serif; font-size: 10.5pt;"> R <o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .5in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="font-family: 'Bookman Old Style', serif; font-size: 10.5pt;">post : {(x≤100) </span><span style="font-family: SimSun; font-size: 10.5pt;">∧</span><span style="font-family: 'Bookman Old Style', serif; font-size: 10.5pt;"> (f(x) = x/2)} </span><span style="font-family: SimSun; font-size: 10.5pt;">∨</span><span style="font-family: 'Bookman Old Style', serif; font-size: 10.5pt;"> {(x>100) </span><span style="font-family: SimSun; font-size: 10.5pt;">∧</span><span style="font-family: 'Bookman Old Style', serif; font-size: 10.5pt;"> (f(x) = 2</span><span style="font-family: 'MS Gothic'; font-size: 10.5pt;">∗</span><span style="font-family: 'Bookman Old Style', serif; font-size: 10.5pt;">x)} <o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 5.0pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 5.0pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 5.0pt; margin-left: .25in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 5.0pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-list: l39 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: list .25in; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-indent: -.25in; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><b><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11.5pt;">74.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></b><!--[endif]--><b><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11.5pt;">Identify the requirements of algebraic specifications in order to define a system. </span></b><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11.5pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: -9.0pt; tab-stops: -9.0pt 0in; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><b>Answer:<o:p></o:p></b></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 5.0pt; margin-left: 45.0pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 5.0pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-indent: -45.0pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="font-family: 'Bookman Old Style', serif; font-size: 10.5pt;">In the algebraic specification technique an object class or type is specified in terms of<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 5.0pt; margin-left: 45.0pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 5.0pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-indent: -45.0pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="font-family: 'Bookman Old Style', serif; font-size: 10.5pt;">relationships existing between the operations defined on that type. Various notations of <o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 5.0pt; margin-left: 45.0pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 5.0pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-indent: -45.0pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="font-family: 'Bookman Old Style', serif; font-size: 10.5pt;">algebraic specifications have evolved, including those based on OBJ and Larch <o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 5.0pt; margin-left: 45.0pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 5.0pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-indent: -45.0pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="font-family: 'Bookman Old Style', serif; font-size: 10.5pt;">languages. Essentially, algebraic specifications define a system as a heterogeneous <o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 5.0pt; margin-left: 45.0pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 5.0pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-indent: -45.0pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="font-family: 'Bookman Old Style', serif; font-size: 10.5pt;">algebra. A heterogeneous algebra is a collection of different sets on which several <o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 5.0pt; margin-left: 45.0pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 5.0pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-indent: -45.0pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="font-family: 'Bookman Old Style', serif; font-size: 10.5pt;">operations are defined. Traditional algebras are homogeneous. A homogeneous algebra <o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 5.0pt; margin-left: 45.0pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 5.0pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-indent: -45.0pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="font-family: 'Bookman Old Style', serif; font-size: 10.5pt;">consists of a single set and several operations; {I, +, -, *, /}. In contrast, alphabetic <o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 5.0pt; margin-left: 45.0pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 5.0pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-indent: -45.0pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="font-family: 'Bookman Old Style', serif; font-size: 10.5pt;">strings together with operations of concatenation and length {A, I, con, len}, is not a <o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 5.0pt; margin-left: 45.0pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 5.0pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-indent: -45.0pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="font-family: 'Bookman Old Style', serif; font-size: 10.5pt;">homogeneous algebra, since the range of the length operation is the set of integers. To <o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 5.0pt; margin-left: 45.0pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 5.0pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-indent: -45.0pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="font-family: 'Bookman Old Style', serif; font-size: 10.5pt;">define a heterogeneous algebra, firstly it is needed to specify its signature, the involved <o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 5.0pt; margin-left: 45.0pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 5.0pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-indent: -45.0pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="font-family: 'Bookman Old Style', serif; font-size: 10.5pt;">operations, and their domains and ranges. Using algebraic specification, it can be <o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 5.0pt; margin-left: 45.0pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 5.0pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-indent: -45.0pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="font-family: 'Bookman Old Style', serif; font-size: 10.5pt;">easily defined the meaning of a set of interface procedure by using equations. An <o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 5.0pt; margin-left: 45.0pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 5.0pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-indent: -45.0pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="font-family: 'Bookman Old Style', serif; font-size: 10.5pt;">algebraic specification is usually presented in four sections.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .5in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 5.0pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><b><span style="font-family: 'Bookman Old Style', serif; font-size: 10.5pt;">Types section:- </span></b><span style="font-family: 'Bookman Old Style', serif; font-size: 10.5pt;">In this section, the sorts (or the data types) being used is specified. <b>Exceptions section:- </b>This section gives the names of the exceptional conditions that might occur when different operations are carried out. These exception conditions are used in the later sections of an algebraic specification. <b>Syntax section:- </b>This section defines the signatures of the interface procedures. The collection of sets that form input domain of an operator and the sort where the output is produced are called the signature of the operator. For example, PUSH takes a stack and an element and returns a new stack. <o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 12.0pt; margin-left: 1.0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-indent: .5in; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><i><span style="font-family: 'Bookman Old Style', serif; font-size: 10.5pt;">stack x element </span></i><span style="font-family: 'Bookman Old Style', serif; font-size: 10.5pt;">→ <i>stack </i><o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 12.0pt; margin-left: .5in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 5.0pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><b><span style="font-family: 'Bookman Old Style', serif; font-size: 10.5pt;">Equations section:- </span></b><span style="font-family: 'Bookman Old Style', serif; font-size: 10.5pt;">This section gives a set of rewrite rules (or equations) defining the meaning of the interface procedures in terms of each other. In general, this section is allowed to contain conditional expressions. By convention each equation is implicitly universally quantified over all possible values of the variables. Names not mentioned in the syntax section such ‘r’ or ‘e’ is variables. The first step in defining an algebraic specification is to identify the set of required operations. After having identified the required operators, it is helpful to classify them as either basic constructor operators, extra constructor operators, basic inspector operators, or extra inspection operators. The definition of these categories of operators is as follows: <o:p></o:p></span></div><ul style="margin-top: 0in;" type="disc"><li class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 12pt; margin-top: 5pt; text-align: justify;"><b><span style="font-family: "Bookman Old Style","serif"; font-size: 10.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;">Basic construction operators. </span></b><span style="font-family: "Bookman Old Style","serif"; font-size: 10.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;">These operators are used to create or modify entities of a type. The basic construction operators are essential to generate all possible element of the type being specified. For example, ‘create’ and ‘append’ are basic construction operators in a FIFO queue. <o:p></o:p></span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 12pt; margin-top: 5pt; text-align: justify;"><b><span style="font-family: "Bookman Old Style","serif"; font-size: 10.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;">Extra construction operators. </span></b><span style="font-family: "Bookman Old Style","serif"; font-size: 10.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;">These are the construction operators other than the basic construction operators. For example, the operator ‘remove’ is an extra construction operator in a FIFO queue because even without using ‘remove’, it is possible to generate all values of the type being specified. <o:p></o:p></span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 12pt; margin-top: 5pt; text-align: justify;"><b><span style="font-family: "Bookman Old Style","serif"; font-size: 10.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;">Basic inspection operators. </span></b><span style="font-family: "Bookman Old Style","serif"; font-size: 10.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;">These operators evaluate attributes of a type without modifying them, e.g., eval, get, etc. Let S be the set of operators whose range is not the data type being specified. The set of the basic operators S1 is a subset of S, such that each operator from S-S1 can be expressed in terms of the operators from S1. <o:p></o:p></span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 12pt; margin-top: 5pt; text-align: justify;"><b><span style="font-family: "Bookman Old Style","serif"; font-size: 10.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;">Extra inspection operators. </span></b><span style="font-family: "Bookman Old Style","serif"; font-size: 10.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;">These are the inspection operators that are not basic inspectors. <o:p></o:p></span></li>
</ul><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 12.0pt; margin-left: .25in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 5.0pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 5.0pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 5.0pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><b><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11.5pt;">Example:- </span></b><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11.5pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 5.0pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 5.0pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="font-family: 'Bookman Old Style', serif; font-size: 10.5pt;">Let us specify a data type point supporting the operations create, xcoord, ycoord, isequal; where the operations have their usual meaning. <o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-indent: .5in; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><b><span style="font-family: 'Bookman Old Style', serif; font-size: 10.5pt;">Types: </span></b><span style="font-family: 'Bookman Old Style', serif; font-size: 10.5pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .5in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-indent: .5in; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="font-family: 'Bookman Old Style', serif; font-size: 10.5pt;">defines point <o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 12.0pt; margin-left: .75in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 5.0pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-indent: .25in; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="font-family: 'Bookman Old Style', serif; font-size: 10.5pt;">uses boolean, integer<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .5in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><b><span style="font-family: 'Bookman Old Style', serif; font-size: 10.5pt;">Syntax: </span></b><span style="font-family: 'Bookman Old Style', serif; font-size: 10.5pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 1.25in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-indent: -.25in; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="font-family: 'Bookman Old Style', serif; font-size: 10.5pt;">1. create : integer × integer → point <o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 1.25in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-indent: -.25in; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="font-family: 'Bookman Old Style', serif; font-size: 10.5pt;">2. xcoord : point → integer <o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 1.25in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-indent: -.25in; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="font-family: 'Bookman Old Style', serif; font-size: 10.5pt;">3. ycoord : point → integer <o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 1.25in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-indent: -.25in; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="font-family: 'Bookman Old Style', serif; font-size: 10.5pt;">4. isequal : point × point → boolean <o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .5in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><b><span style="font-family: 'Bookman Old Style', serif; font-size: 10.5pt;">Equations: </span></b><span style="font-family: 'Bookman Old Style', serif; font-size: 10.5pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 1.25in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-indent: -.25in; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="font-family: 'Bookman Old Style', serif; font-size: 10.5pt;">1. xcoord(create(x, y)) = x <o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 1.25in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-indent: -.25in; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="font-family: 'Bookman Old Style', serif; font-size: 10.5pt;">2. ycoord(create(x, y)) = y <o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 1.25in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-indent: -.25in; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="font-family: 'Bookman Old Style', serif; font-size: 10.5pt;">3. isequal(create(x1, y1), create(x2, y2)) = ((x1 = x2) and (y1 = y2)) <o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 12.0pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 5.0pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="font-family: 'Bookman Old Style', serif; font-size: 10.5pt;">In this example, there is only one basic constructor (create), and three basic inspectors (xcoord, ycoord, and isequal). Therefore, there are only 3 equations.<b><o:p></o:p></b></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 9.0pt; mso-list: l39 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: -9.0pt 0in list 9.0pt .25in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><b>75.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></b><!--[endif]--><b><span style="font-family: "Bookman Old Style","serif"; font-size: 10.5pt;">What are the characteristics of good software design?</span><o:p></o:p></b></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: -9.0pt; tab-stops: -9.0pt 0in; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><b>Answer:<o:p></o:p></b></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="font-family: 'Bookman Old Style', serif; font-size: 11.5pt;">The characteristics are listed below: <o:p></o:p></span></div><ul style="margin-top: 0in;" type="disc"><li class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><b><span style="font-family: "Bookman Old Style","serif"; font-size: 11.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;">Correctness: </span></b><span style="font-family: "Bookman Old Style","serif"; font-size: 11.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;">A good design should correctly implement all the functionalities identified in the SRS document. <o:p></o:p></span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><b><span style="font-family: "Bookman Old Style","serif"; font-size: 11.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;">Understandability: </span></b><span style="font-family: "Bookman Old Style","serif"; font-size: 11.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;">A good design is easily understandable. <o:p></o:p></span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><b><span style="font-family: "Bookman Old Style","serif"; font-size: 11.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;">Efficiency: </span></b><span style="font-family: "Bookman Old Style","serif"; font-size: 11.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;">It should be efficient. <o:p></o:p></span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><b><span style="font-family: "Bookman Old Style","serif"; font-size: 11.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;">Maintainability: </span></b><span style="font-family: "Bookman Old Style","serif"; font-size: 11.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;">It should be easily amenable to change. <o:p></o:p></span></li>
</ul><div class="MsoNormal" style="mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="font-family: 'Bookman Old Style', serif; font-size: 11.5pt;">Possibly the most important goodness criterion is design correctness. A design has to be correct to be acceptable. Given that a design solution is correct, understandability of a design is possibly the most important issue to be considered while judging the goodness of a design. A design that is easy to understand is also easy to develop, maintain and change. Thus, unless a design is easily understandable, it would require tremendous effort to implement and maintain it.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 9.0pt; mso-list: l39 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: -9.0pt 0in list 9.0pt .25in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><b>76.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></b><!--[endif]--><b><span style="font-family: "Bookman Old Style","serif"; font-size: 10.5pt;">What is Cohesion? What are different type of cohesions?</span><o:p></o:p></b></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: -9.0pt; tab-stops: -9.0pt 0in; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><b>Answer:<o:p></o:p></b></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="font-family: "Bookman Old Style","serif"; font-size: 11.5pt;">Most researchers and engineers agree that a good software design implies clean decomposition of the problem into modules, and the neat arrangement of these modules in a hierarchy. The primary characteristics of neat module decomposition are high cohesion and low coupling. Cohesion is a measure of functional strength of a module. A module having high cohesion and low coupling is said to be functionally independent of other modules. By the term functional independence, we mean that a cohesive module performs a single task or function. A functionally independent module has minimal interaction with other modules<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><b><span style="font-family: 'Bookman Old Style', serif; font-size: 11pt;">Classification of cohesion <o:p></o:p></span></b></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="font-family: 'Bookman Old Style', serif; font-size: 11.5pt;">The different classes of cohesion that a module may possess are depicted in fig. 4.1.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="font-family: "Bookman Old Style","serif";"><!--[if gte vml 1]><v:shape
id="_x0000_i1056" type="#_x0000_t75" style='width:450pt;height:68.25pt'> <v:imagedata src="file:///C:\DOCUME~1\manikant\LOCALS~1\Temp\msohtmlclip1\01\clip_image060.emz"
o:title=""/> </v:shape><![endif]--><!--[if !vml]--><img height="91" src="file:///C:/DOCUME~1/manikant/LOCALS~1/Temp/msohtmlclip1/01/clip_image061.gif" v:shapes="_x0000_i1056" width="600" /><!--[endif]--><o:p></o:p></span></div><ul style="margin-top: 0in;" type="disc"><li class="MsoNormal" style="mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-list: l17 level1 lfo37; tab-stops: list .5in; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><b><span style="font-family: "Bookman Old Style","serif"; font-size: 11.5pt;">Coincidental cohesion: </span></b><span style="font-family: "Bookman Old Style","serif"; font-size: 11.5pt;">A module is said to have coincidental cohesion, if it performs a set of tasks that relate to each other very loosely, if at all. In this case, the module contains a random collection of functions. It is likely that the functions have been put in the module out of pure coincidence without any thought or design. For example, in a transaction processing </span><span style="font-family: 'Bookman Old Style', serif; font-size: 11.5pt;">system (TPS), the get-input, print-error, and summarize-members functions are grouped into one module. The grouping does not have any relevance to the structure of the problem. </span><span style="font-family: "Bookman Old Style","serif"; font-size: 11.5pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><b><span style="font-family: "Bookman Old Style","serif"; font-size: 11.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;">Logical cohesion: </span></b><span style="font-family: "Bookman Old Style","serif"; font-size: 11.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;">A module is said to be logically cohesive, if all elements of the module perform similar operations, e.g. error handling, data input, data output, etc. An example of logical cohesion is the case where a set of print functions generating different output reports are arranged into a single module. <o:p></o:p></span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><b><span style="font-family: "Bookman Old Style","serif"; font-size: 11.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;">Temporal cohesion: </span></b><span style="font-family: "Bookman Old Style","serif"; font-size: 11.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;">When a module contains functions that are related by the fact that all the functions must be executed in the same time span, the module is said to exhibit temporal cohesion. The set of functions responsible for initialization, start-up, shutdown of some process, etc. exhibit temporal cohesion. <o:p></o:p></span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><b><span style="font-family: "Bookman Old Style","serif"; font-size: 11.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;">Procedural cohesion: </span></b><span style="font-family: "Bookman Old Style","serif"; font-size: 11.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;">A module is said to possess procedural cohesion, if the set of functions of the module are all part of a procedure (algorithm) in which certain sequence of steps have to be carried out for achieving an objective, e.g. the algorithm for decoding a message. <o:p></o:p></span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><b><span style="font-family: "Bookman Old Style","serif"; font-size: 11.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;">Communicational cohesion: </span></b><span style="font-family: "Bookman Old Style","serif"; font-size: 11.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;">A module is said to have communicational cohesion, if all functions of the module refer to or update the same data structure, e.g. the set of functions defined on an array or a stack. <o:p></o:p></span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><b><span style="font-family: "Bookman Old Style","serif"; font-size: 11.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;">Sequential cohesion: </span></b><span style="font-family: "Bookman Old Style","serif"; font-size: 11.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;">A module is said to possess sequential cohesion, if the elements of a module form the parts of sequence, where the output from one element of the sequence is input to the next. For example, in a TPS, the get-input, validate-input, sort-input functions are grouped into one module. <o:p></o:p></span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-list: l17 level1 lfo37; tab-stops: list .5in; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><b><span style="font-family: 'Bookman Old Style', serif; font-size: 11.5pt;">Functional cohesion: </span></b><span style="font-family: 'Bookman Old Style', serif; font-size: 11.5pt;">Functional cohesion is said to exist, if different elements of a module cooperate to achieve a single function. For example, a module containing all the functions required to manage employees’ pay-roll exhibits functional cohesion. Suppose a module exhibits functional cohesion and we are asked to describe what the module does, then we would be able to describe it using a single sentence.</span><span style="font-family: "Bookman Old Style","serif";"><o:p></o:p></span></li>
</ul><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .25in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 9.0pt; mso-list: l39 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: -9.0pt 0in list 9.0pt .25in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><b>77.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></b><!--[endif]--><b><span style="font-family: "Bookman Old Style","serif"; font-size: 10.5pt;">What is coupling? What are different types of cohesions?</span><o:p></o:p></b></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: -9.0pt; tab-stops: -9.0pt 0in; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><b>Answer:<o:p></o:p></b></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="font-family: "Bookman Old Style","serif"; font-size: 11.5pt;">Coupling between two modules is a measure of the degree of interdependence or interaction between the two modules. A module having high cohesion and low coupling is said to be functionally independent of other modules. If two modules interchange large amounts of data, then they are highly interdependent. The degree of coupling between two modules depends on their interface complexity.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="font-family: 'Bookman Old Style', serif; font-size: 11.5pt;">The interface complexity is basically determined by the number of types of parameters that are interchanged while invoking the functions of the module. <o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><b><span style="font-family: 'Bookman Old Style', serif;">Classification of Coupling <o:p></o:p></span></b></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .25in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="font-family: 'Bookman Old Style', serif; font-size: 11.5pt;">Even if there are no techniques to precisely and quantitatively estimate the coupling between two modules, classification of the different types of coupling will help to quantitatively estimate the degree of coupling between two modules. Five types of coupling can occur between any two modules. This is shown in fig. 4.2.<o:p></o:p></span></div><ul style="margin-top: 0in;" type="disc"><li class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><b><span style="font-family: "Bookman Old Style","serif"; font-size: 11.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;">Data coupling: </span></b><span style="font-family: "Bookman Old Style","serif"; font-size: 11.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;">Two modules are data coupled, if they communicate through a parameter. An example is an elementary data item passed as a parameter between two modules, e.g. an integer, a float, a character, etc. This data item should be problem related and not used for the control purpose. <o:p></o:p></span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><b><span style="font-family: "Bookman Old Style","serif"; font-size: 11.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;">Stamp coupling: </span></b><span style="font-family: "Bookman Old Style","serif"; font-size: 11.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;">Two modules are stamp coupled, if they communicate using a composite data item such as a record in PASCAL or a structure in C. <o:p></o:p></span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><b><span style="font-family: "Bookman Old Style","serif"; font-size: 11.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;">Control coupling: </span></b><span style="font-family: "Bookman Old Style","serif"; font-size: 11.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;">Control coupling exists between two modules, if data from one module is used to direct the order of instructions execution in another. An example of control coupling is a flag set in one module and tested in another module. <o:p></o:p></span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><b><span style="font-family: "Bookman Old Style","serif"; font-size: 11.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;">Common coupling: </span></b><span style="font-family: "Bookman Old Style","serif"; font-size: 11.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;">Two modules are common coupled, if they share data through some global data items. <o:p></o:p></span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-list: l33 level1 lfo38; tab-stops: list .5in; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><b><span style="font-family: 'Bookman Old Style', serif; font-size: 11.5pt;">Content coupling: </span></b><span style="font-family: 'Bookman Old Style', serif; font-size: 11.5pt;">Content coupling exists between two modules, if they share code, e.g. a branch from one module into another module.</span><span style="font-family: "Bookman Old Style","serif";"><o:p></o:p></span></li>
</ul><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .25in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .25in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 9.0pt; mso-list: l39 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: -9.0pt 0in list 9.0pt .25in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><b>78.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></b><!--[endif]--><b><span style="font-family: "Bookman Old Style","serif"; font-size: 10.5pt;">What do you mean by functional interdependency? Why it is needed?</span><o:p></o:p></b></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: -9.0pt; tab-stops: -9.0pt 0in; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><b>Answer:<o:p></o:p></b></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="font-family: 'Bookman Old Style', serif; font-size: 11.5pt;">A module having high cohesion and low coupling is said to be functionally independent of other modules. By the term functional independence, we mean that a cohesive module performs a single task or function. A functionally independent module has minimal interaction with other modules.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="font-family: 'Bookman Old Style', serif; font-size: 11pt;">Functional independence is a key to any good design due to the following reasons: <o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .5in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-indent: -.25in; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="font-family: 'Bookman Old Style', serif; font-size: 11pt;">• <b>Error isolation: </b>Functional independence reduces error propagation. The reason behind this is that if a module is functionally independent, its degree of interaction with the other modules is less. Therefore, any error existing in a module would not directly effect the other modules. <o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .5in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-indent: -.25in; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="font-family: 'Bookman Old Style', serif; font-size: 11pt;">• <b>Scope of reuse: </b>Reuse of a module becomes possible. Because each module does some well-defined and precise function, and the interaction of the module with the other modules is simple and minimal. Therefore, a cohesive module can be easily taken out and reused in a different program. <o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .5in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-indent: -.25in; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="font-family: 'Bookman Old Style', serif; font-size: 11pt;">• <b>Understandability: </b>Complexity of the design is reduced, because different modules can be understood in isolation as modules are more or less independent of each other. <o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 9.0pt; mso-list: l39 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: -9.0pt 0in list 9.0pt .25in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><b>79.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></b><!--[endif]--><b><span style="font-family: "Bookman Old Style","serif"; font-size: 10.5pt;">Differentiate between function oriented and object oriented design. </span><o:p></o:p></b></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: -9.0pt; tab-stops: -9.0pt 0in; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><b>Answer:<o:p></o:p></b></div><ul style="margin-top: 0in;" type="disc"><li class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Bookman Old Style","serif"; font-size: 11.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;">The following are some of the important differences between function-oriented and object-oriented design. unlike function-oriented design methods, in OOD, the basic abstraction are not real-world functions such as sort, display, track, etc, but real-world entities such as employee, picture, machine, radar system, etc. <o:p></o:p></span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Bookman Old Style","serif"; font-size: 11.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;">In OOD, state information is not represented in a centralized shared memory but is distributed among the objects of the system. <o:p></o:p></span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Bookman Old Style","serif"; font-size: 11.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;">Function-oriented techniques such as SA/SD group functions together if, as a group, they constitute a higher-level function. On the other hand, object-oriented techniques group functions together on the basis of the data they operate on. <o:p></o:p></span></li>
</ul><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .5in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 9.0pt; mso-list: l39 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: -9.0pt 0in list 9.0pt .25in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><b><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11.5pt;">80.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></b><!--[endif]--><b><span style="font-family: "Bookman Old Style","serif"; font-size: 10.5pt;">Identify</span></b><b><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11.5pt;"> three least salient features of an object-oriented design approach.</span></b><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11.5pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: -9.0pt; tab-stops: -9.0pt 0in; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><b><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11.5pt;">Answer.: - </span></b><span style="font-family: 'Bookman Old Style', serif; font-size: 11.5pt;">In the object-oriented design approach, the system is viewed as collection of objects (i.e. entities). The state is decentralized among the objects and each object manages its own state information. For example, in a Library Automation Software, each library member may be a separate object with its own data and functions to operate on these data. In fact, the functions defined for one object cannot refer or change data of other objects. Objects have their own internal data which define their state. Similar objects constitute a class. In other words, each object is a member of some class. Classes may inherit features from super class. Conceptually, objects communicate by message passing</span><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11.5pt;">.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: -9.0pt; tab-stops: -9.0pt 0in; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 9.0pt; mso-list: l39 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: -9.0pt 0in list 9.0pt .25in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><b><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11.5pt;">81.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></b><!--[endif]--><b><span style="font-family: "Bookman Old Style","serif"; font-size: 10.5pt;">What is DFD? What are different elements of DFD.</span></b><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11.5pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: -9.0pt; tab-stops: -9.0pt 0in; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><b><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11.5pt;">Answer.: - </span></b><span style="font-family: "Bookman Old Style","serif"; font-size: 11.5pt;">The DFD (also known as a bubble chart) is a hierarchical graphical model of a system that shows the different processing activities or functions that the system performs and the data interchange among these functions. Each function is considered as a processing station (or process) that consumes some input data and produces some output data. The system is represented in terms of the input data to the system, various processing carried out on these data, and the output data generated by the system. A DFD model uses a very limited number of primitive symbols [as shown in <u>fig. 5.1(a)</u>] to represent the functions performed by a system and the data flow among these functions.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: -9.0pt; tab-stops: -9.0pt 0in; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: -9.0pt; tab-stops: -9.0pt 0in; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="font-family: "Bookman Old Style","serif"; font-size: 11.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;">The different elements are:<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: -9.0pt; tab-stops: -9.0pt 0in; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: -9.0pt; tab-stops: -9.0pt 0in; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="font-family: 'Bookman Old Style', serif; font-size: 11.5pt;"><!--[if gte vml 1]><v:shape
id="_x0000_i1057" type="#_x0000_t75" style='width:450pt;height:171pt'> <v:imagedata src="file:///C:\DOCUME~1\manikant\LOCALS~1\Temp\msohtmlclip1\01\clip_image062.emz"
o:title=""/> </v:shape><![endif]--><!--[if !vml]--><img height="228" src="file:///C:/DOCUME~1/manikant/LOCALS~1/Temp/msohtmlclip1/01/clip_image063.gif" v:shapes="_x0000_i1057" width="600" /><!--[endif]--><o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 9.0pt; mso-list: l39 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: -9.0pt 0in list 9.0pt .25in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><b><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11.5pt;">82.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></b><!--[endif]--><b><span style="font-family: "Bookman Old Style","serif"; font-size: 10.5pt;">When a DFD is said to be a Synchronous? </span></b><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11.5pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: -9.0pt; tab-stops: -9.0pt 0in; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><b><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11.5pt;">Answer:<o:p></o:p></span></b></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: -9.0pt; tab-stops: -9.0pt 0in; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="font-family: "Bookman Old Style","serif"; font-size: 10.5pt;"><!--[if gte vml 1]><v:shape id="_x0000_i1058"
type="#_x0000_t75" style='width:450pt;height:297pt'> <v:imagedata src="file:///C:\DOCUME~1\manikant\LOCALS~1\Temp\msohtmlclip1\01\clip_image064.emz"
o:title=""/> </v:shape><![endif]--><!--[if !vml]--><img height="396" src="file:///C:/DOCUME~1/manikant/LOCALS~1/Temp/msohtmlclip1/01/clip_image065.gif" v:shapes="_x0000_i1058" width="600" /><!--[endif]--><o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: -9.0pt; tab-stops: -9.0pt 0in; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="font-family: "Bookman Old Style","serif"; font-size: 10.5pt;">When two bubbles are directly connected with a data flow arrow then they are termed as synchronous DFD.</span><span style="font-family: 'Bookman Old Style', serif; font-size: 10.5pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: -9.0pt; tab-stops: -9.0pt 0in; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 9.0pt; mso-list: l39 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: -9.0pt 0in list 9.0pt .25in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><b><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11.5pt;">83.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></b><!--[endif]--><b><span style="font-family: "Bookman Old Style","serif"; font-size: 10.5pt;">When a DFD is said to be a balanced DFD? </span></b><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11.5pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: -9.0pt; tab-stops: -9.0pt 0in; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><b><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11.5pt;">Answer:<o:p></o:p></span></b></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: -9.0pt; tab-stops: -9.0pt 0in; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="font-family: "Bookman Old Style","serif"; font-size: 10.5pt;">The data that flow into or out of a bubble must match the data flow at the next level of DFD. This is known as balancing a DFD.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: -9.0pt; tab-stops: -9.0pt 0in; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 9.0pt; mso-list: l39 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: -9.0pt 0in list 9.0pt .25in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><b><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11.5pt;">84.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></b><!--[endif]--><b><span style="font-family: "Bookman Old Style","serif"; font-size: 10.5pt;">what do you mean by the data dictionary of a DFD? </span></b><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11.5pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: -9.0pt; tab-stops: -9.0pt 0in; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><b><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11.5pt;">Answer:<o:p></o:p></span></b></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: -9.0pt; tab-stops: -9.0pt 0in; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="font-family: 'Bookman Old Style', serif; font-size: 10.5pt;">A data dictionary lists all data items appearing in the DFD model of a system. The data items listed include all data flows and the contents of all data stores appearing on the DFDs in the DFD model of a system. A data dictionary lists the purpose of all data items and the definition of all composite data items in terms of their component data items. For example, a data dictionary entry may represent that the data <b>grossPay </b>consists of the components regularPay and overtimePay. </span><span style="font-family: "Bookman Old Style","serif"; font-size: 10.5pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: -9.0pt; tab-stops: -9.0pt 0in; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><b><span style="font-family: 'Bookman Old Style', serif; font-size: 10.5pt;">grossPay = regularPay + overtimePay<o:p></o:p></span></b></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: -9.0pt; tab-stops: -9.0pt 0in; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 9.0pt; mso-list: l39 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: -9.0pt 0in list 9.0pt .25in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><b><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11.5pt;">85.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></b><!--[endif]--><b><span style="font-size: 11.5pt;">A software system called RMS calculating software would read three integral numbers from the user in the range of -1000 and +1000 and then determine the root mean square (rms) of the three input numbers and display it. Draw the DFD for this software</span></b><b><span style="font-family: "Bookman Old Style","serif"; font-size: 10.5pt;">? </span></b><b><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11.5pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></b></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: -9.0pt; tab-stops: -9.0pt 0in; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><b><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11.5pt;">Answer:<o:p></o:p></span></b></div><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: -9.0pt; tab-stops: -9.0pt 0in; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: 'Bookman Old Style', serif; font-size: 10.5pt;"><!--[if gte vml 1]><v:shape id="_x0000_i1059"
type="#_x0000_t75" style='width:233.25pt;height:267pt'> <v:imagedata src="file:///C:\DOCUME~1\manikant\LOCALS~1\Temp\msohtmlclip1\01\clip_image066.emz"
o:title=""/> </v:shape><![endif]--><!--[if !vml]--><img height="356" src="file:///C:/DOCUME~1/manikant/LOCALS~1/Temp/msohtmlclip1/01/clip_image067.gif" v:shapes="_x0000_i1059" width="311" /><!--[endif]--><o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: -9.0pt; tab-stops: -9.0pt 0in;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal"><br />
</div></div>Anonymoushttp://www.blogger.com/profile/17584789907165764161noreply@blogger.com1